Clamping device and method for composite metal laminate structures based on laser ranging

Abstract

This invention relates to a clamping device and method for composite metal laminate structures based on laser ranging, comprising a clamping base, a line laser scanning sensor, a pressure head, a clamping cylinder, and a control module. The clamping base supports the composite material plate and the metal plate. The line laser scanning sensor measures the distance in real time and transmits it to the control module; the distance is the horizontal distance from the location of the line laser scanning sensor to the side of the laminate structure of the composite material plate and the metal plate. The pressure head applies vertically downward pressure to the composite material plate and the metal plate. The clamping cylinder controls the pressure of the pressure head. The control module processes the distance information transmitted by the line laser scanning sensor in real time to obtain the gap width between the composite material plate and the metal plate. When the gap width is greater than an allowable threshold, the control module increases the pressure of the pressure head by controlling the clamping cylinder; when the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the control module keeps the clamping cylinder in place. The device of this invention can correct the gap between the plates, and the method is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing technology and relates to a clamping device and method for composite metal laminate structures based on laser ranging. Background Technology

[0002] During the drilling process of composite / laminated structures, the bottom metal material will bend under the action of axial force, resulting in a gap between the two plates.

[0003] This gap not only affects the accuracy of hole drilling, but also causes metal cuttings to become trapped in the gap and unable to escape, thus damaging the composite material plate. Current clamping methods for composite material / laminated processing, such as patent CN113442077A, still use pressure plate type clamps. However, using this type of clamp cannot correct the gap between plates in real time, leading to a deterioration in the processing quality of the laminated structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a clamping device and method for composite metal laminate structures based on laser ranging.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A clamping device for composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging includes a clamping base, a line laser scanning sensor, a pressure head, a clamping cylinder, and a control module;

[0007] The fixture base is used to support composite material plates and metal plates;

[0008] The line laser scanning sensor is used to measure the distance in real time and send it to the control module. The distance is the horizontal distance from the location of the line laser scanning sensor to the side of the laminated structure of composite material plate and metal plate.

[0009] The pressure head is used to apply vertically downward pressure to composite material plates and metal plates;

[0010] The clamping cylinder is used to control the pressure of the pressure head;

[0011] The control module processes the distance information sent by the line laser scanning sensor in real time to obtain the gap width between the composite material plate and the metal plate. It then compares this gap width with an allowable threshold (the allowable threshold is generally determined by the processing requirements of the composite material plate, and this standard is usually defined by the user using the drilled plate, and can be set to about 0.1 mm). When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, the control cylinder increases the pressure of the pressure head. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the control cylinder keeps the pressure cylinder in place.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution:

[0013] As described above, a clamping device based on laser ranging for composite material / metal laminated structures is provided, wherein the composite material plate and the metal plate are rectangular plates with the same length and width.

[0014] As described above, a clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging has a stepped groove in the fixture base. The stepped groove consists of two interconnected U-shaped grooves arranged vertically. The width of the upper U-shaped groove is greater than that of the lower U-shaped groove. The width of the upper U-shaped groove is equal to the width of the composite material plate and the metal plate, the length of the upper U-shaped groove is equal to the length of the composite material plate and the metal plate, and the depth of the upper U-shaped groove is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the composite material plate and the metal plate. The reason for setting it as a stepped groove is to facilitate the fixing of the plate (the plate edge is supported by the stepped groove). At the same time, drilling usually penetrates the plate. Setting the stepped groove ensures that the center of the plate does not contact the fixture, and the drill bit will not damage the fixture.

[0015] As described above, in a clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging, a line laser scanning sensor is located on one side of a stepped groove, and the emitted laser line is parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove, while the scanning direction is parallel to the depth direction of the stepped groove, that is, the scanning direction is simultaneously perpendicular to the bottom edge of the groove and the length direction of the stepped groove.

[0016] As described above, the clamping device based on laser ranging for composite material / metal laminate structure has two or more pressure heads, which are divided into two groups and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the straight line X, which is a straight line parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove.

[0017] As described above, in a clamping device for composite material / metal laminated structures based on laser ranging, the minimum horizontal distance between the pressure head and the four corners of the metal plate is greater than 10mm, in order to prevent stress concentration at the corners from causing the laminated plate to break.

[0018] As described above, the clamping device based on laser ranging of composite material / metal laminate structure has two or more pressure heads in the same group, and the horizontal spacing along the length of the stepped groove is 50 to 200 mm.

[0019] The clamping device based on laser ranging for composite material / metal laminate structure, as described above, has a rubber pressure head.

[0020] As described above, in a clamping device based on laser ranging of composite material / metal laminate structure, the number of clamping cylinders corresponds to the number of pressure heads, and they are connected one-to-one through a linkage mechanism. The linkage mechanism is simultaneously connected to the actuating rod of the clamping cylinder, the pressure head, and the fixture base. The linkage mechanism is used to convert the horizontal movement of the actuating rod of the clamping cylinder into the vertical movement of the pressure head.

[0021] As described above, in a clamping device based on a laser ranging composite material / metal laminate structure, the main body of the clamping cylinder is fixed on the fixture base.

[0022] As described above, a clamping device based on a laser ranging composite material / metal laminate structure has bolt holes at the bottom of the clamp base, and the clamp base is fixed to the machine tool worktable by bolt connection.

[0023] The clamping device for composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging, as described above, includes a control module comprising a data acquisition card, an MCU, and an execution unit.

[0024] The data acquisition card is connected to the line laser scanning sensor and is used to convert the distance information acquired by the line laser scanning sensor into a data signal format that can be read by the MCU.

[0025] The MCU is connected to both the data acquisition card and the execution unit. It processes the distance information acquired by the line laser scanning sensor to obtain the gap width between the composite material plate and the metal plate. It then compares the gap width with an allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, it sends signal I to the execution unit. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, it sends signal II to the execution unit.

[0026] The actuator is connected to the clamping cylinder through an air circuit. When it receives signal I, it controls the clamping cylinder to increase the pressure of the pressure head. When it receives signal II, it controls the clamping cylinder to maintain its original position.

[0027] The present invention also provides a clamping method for composite material / metal laminated structures based on laser ranging, utilizing a clamping device for composite material / metal laminated structures based on laser ranging as described in any of the preceding claims, including an initial clamping stage, a ranging stage, and a gap adjustment stage;

[0028] The initial clamping stage refers to the initial clamping achieved by using a clamping cylinder to bring the pressure head into contact with the upper surface of the composite material plate and metal plate laminate structure.

[0029] The ranging stage refers to calculating the gap width between the composite material plate and the metal plate using a line laser scanning sensor and a control module.

[0030] The gap adjustment stage refers to the control module comparing the gap width between the composite material plate and the metal plate with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, the control cylinder increases the pressure of the pressure head until the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the control cylinder keeps the pressure cylinder in place.

[0031] Inventive Principles

[0032] The location of the gap is determined by measuring the distance between offline laser scanning sensors at various points along the drilling direction (vertical direction in the figure) on the edge of the sheet metal and finding abrupt change points. Since there is no material present at the gap, this distance will increase at the gap edge (in reality, due to the gap's direction and depth, it will be reflected by material behind the gap, but the distance will still increase). Because the direction of the two sheet metal surfaces at the gap is perpendicular to the laser scanning direction, this distance change is abrupt (judgment criterion: curve slope greater than 5mm / mm). By calculating the distance between the two abrupt change points along the drilling direction, the gap width can be obtained.

[0033] Beneficial effects

[0034] Compared with existing fixtures (such as patent CN113442077A), this invention, while ensuring clamping quality, creatively measures the gap between plates caused by bending deformation during the drilling of composite material / metal laminated structures in situ and feeds it back to the clamping mechanism. This enables dynamic feedback control of the clamping force during drilling as the gap width between plates increases, greatly preventing the expansion of the gap and effectively ensuring the accuracy and quality of hole making. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping device for composite metal laminate structure based on laser ranging according to the present invention;

[0036] Among them, 1-clamp base, 2-pressing cylinder, 3-linkage mechanism, 4-pressing head, 5-line laser scanning sensor, 6-support frame, 7-composite material plate, 8-metal plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0038] A clamping device based on laser ranging composite material / metal laminate structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a fixture base 1, a line laser scanning sensor 5, a pressure head 4, a clamping cylinder 2, a support frame 6, and a control module;

[0039] The fixture base 1 is used to support the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. The composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8 are rectangular plates with the same length and width. Bolt holes are opened at the bottom of the fixture base 1. The fixture base 1 is provided with a stepped groove, which is composed of two C-shaped grooves arranged vertically and interconnected. The width of the upper C-shaped groove is greater than that of the lower C-shaped groove. The width of the upper C-shaped groove is equal to the width of the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. The length of the upper C-shaped groove is equal to the length of the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. The depth of the upper C-shaped groove is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8.

[0040] The line laser scanning sensor 5 is used to measure the distance in real time and send it to the control module. The distance is the horizontal distance from the position of the line laser scanning sensor 5 to the side of the laminated structure of the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. The line laser scanning sensor 5 is located on one side of the stepped groove and is connected to the fixture base 1 through the support frame 6. The laser line emitted by the line laser scanning sensor 5 is parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove, and the scanning direction is parallel to the depth direction of the stepped groove.

[0041] The pressure head 4 is used to apply vertical downward pressure to the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. The pressure head 4 is a rubber pressure head, which is divided into two groups and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the straight line X. The straight line X is a straight line parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove. There are more than two pressure heads 4 in the same group, and the horizontal spacing along the straight line X is 50 to 200 mm. The minimum horizontal distance between the pressure head 4 and the four corners of the metal plate 8 is greater than 10 mm.

[0042] The clamping cylinder 2 is used to control the pressure of the pressure head 4; the main body of the clamping cylinder 2 is fixed on the fixture base 1; the number of clamping cylinders 2 is the same as that of the pressure head 4, and they are connected one-to-one through the linkage mechanism 3. The linkage mechanism 3 is connected to the action rod of the clamping cylinder 2, the pressure head 4 and the fixture base 1. The linkage mechanism 3 is used to convert the horizontal movement of the action rod of the clamping cylinder 2 into the vertical movement of the pressure head 4.

[0043] The control module includes a data acquisition card, an MCU, and an execution unit;

[0044] The data acquisition card is connected to the line laser scanning sensor 5 and is used to convert the distance information acquired by the line laser scanning sensor 5 into a data signal format that can be read by the MCU.

[0045] The MCU is connected to both the data acquisition card and the execution unit. It processes the distance information collected by the line laser scanning sensor 5 to obtain the gap width between the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8. It then compares the gap width with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, it sends signal I to the execution unit. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, it sends signal II to the execution unit.

[0046] The actuator is connected to the clamping cylinder 2 via an air circuit. When signal I is received, the actuator controls the clamping cylinder 2 to increase the pressure of the pressure head 4. When signal II is received, the actuator controls the clamping cylinder 2 to maintain its original position.

[0047] A clamping method based on the above-mentioned clamping device includes an initial clamping stage, a distance measuring stage, and a gap adjustment stage;

[0048] The initial clamping stage refers to the initial clamping achieved by using the clamping cylinder 2 to bring the pressure head 4 into contact with the upper surface of the laminated structure of the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8.

[0049] The ranging stage refers to: calculating the gap width between the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8 using the line laser scanning sensor 5 and the control module;

[0050] The gap adjustment stage refers to the control module comparing the gap width between the composite material plate 7 and the metal plate 8 with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, the control cylinder 2 increases the pressure of the pressure head 4 until the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the control cylinder 2 is kept in place.

Claims

1. A clamping device based on laser ranging of a composite material / metal laminate structure, characterized in that, It includes a fixture base (1), a line laser scanning sensor (5), a pressure head (4), a clamping cylinder (2), and a control module; The fixture base (1) is used to support the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8); the fixture base (1) is provided with a stepped groove, which is composed of two i-shaped grooves arranged vertically and interconnected. The width of the upper i-shaped groove is greater than that of the lower i-shaped groove. The depth of the upper i-shaped groove is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8). The line laser scanning sensor (5) is located on one side of the stepped groove, and the emitted laser line is parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove, and the scanning direction is parallel to the depth direction of the stepped groove; the line laser scanning sensor (5) is used to measure the distance in real time and send it to the control module. The distance is the horizontal distance from the location of the line laser scanning sensor (5) to the side of the laminated structure of the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8). The pressure head (4) is used to apply vertical downward pressure to the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8); there are two or more pressure heads (4), which are divided into two groups and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the straight line X, which is a straight line parallel to the length direction of the stepped groove; there are two or more pressure heads (4) in the same group, and the horizontal spacing along the length direction of the stepped groove is 50 to 200 mm; The clamping cylinder (2) is used to control the pressure of the pressure head (4); The control module is used to process the distance information sent by the line laser scanning sensor (5) in real time, obtain the gap width between the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8), and compare it with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, the pressing cylinder (2) is controlled to increase the pressure of the pressing head (4). When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the pressing cylinder (2) is controlled to stay in place.

2. The clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure head (4) is a rubber pressure head.

3. The clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of pressing cylinders (2) is the same as that of the pressure head (4), and they are connected one-to-one through the linkage mechanism (3). The linkage mechanism (3) is connected to the action rod of the pressing cylinder (2), the pressure head (4) and the fixture base (1). The linkage mechanism (3) is used to convert the horizontal movement of the action rod of the pressing cylinder (2) into the vertical movement of the pressure head (4).

4. The clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main body of the clamping cylinder (2) is fixed on the fixture base (1).

5. The clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a data acquisition card, an MCU, and an execution unit; The data acquisition card is connected to the line laser scanning sensor (5) and is used to convert the distance information acquired by the line laser scanning sensor (5) into a data signal format that can be read by the MCU. The MCU is connected to both the data acquisition card and the execution unit to process the distance information collected by the line laser scanning sensor (5), obtain the gap width between the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8), and compare it with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, signal I is sent to the execution unit, and when the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, signal II is sent to the execution unit. The actuator is connected to the clamping cylinder (2) through the air circuit. When signal I is received, the clamping cylinder (2) is controlled to increase the pressure of the pressure head (4). When signal II is received, the clamping cylinder (2) is controlled to maintain its original position.

6. A clamping method for composite material / metal laminated structures based on laser ranging, characterized in that, A clamping device for a composite material / metal laminate structure based on laser ranging as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 includes an initial clamping stage, a ranging stage, and a gap adjustment stage. The initial clamping stage refers to the initial clamping achieved by using the clamping cylinder (2) to make the pressure head (4) contact the upper surface of the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8) stacked structure. The ranging stage refers to: calculating the gap width between the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8) using a line laser scanning sensor (5) and a control module; The gap adjustment stage refers to the control module comparing the gap width between the composite material plate (7) and the metal plate (8) with the allowable threshold. When the gap width is greater than the allowable threshold, the control cylinder (2) increases the pressure of the pressure head (4) until the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold. When the gap width is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the control cylinder (2) is kept in place.

Images