A template agent for anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid with small particle size and high stability and its application

Abstract

The present application discloses a template for an anti-reflection and anti-transmittance coating liquid with small particle size and high stability, and its application. The first aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a template, comprising the following steps: polymerizing a template monomer in a solution of a hyperbranched polymer to obtain a template. First, the preparation method forms a hyperbranched structure on the surface of the particle, which is insensitive to acid, alkali and electrolyte, and the stability of the coating liquid prepared with this template is significantly improved. Secondly, the introduced hyperbranched polymer forms a porous three-dimensional nanostructure inside the template particles. When preparing the coating liquid, silica sol particles or other silicon source substances can be captured and filled into the internal nanopores, and react on the surface to form a complete, crack-free, high-strength silica shell layer with a smooth and dense surface, no openings, and no collapse, which greatly ensures the weather resistance and dirt resistance of the coating layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a template agent for an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution with small particle size and high stability, and its application. Background Art

[0002] The sol-gel method is currently a commonly used method for manufacturing anti-reflection coating liquid for photovoltaics. The anti-reflection coating liquid prepared using this method mainly uses silica sol as the film-forming substance, which is formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of silane or siloxane under acid or base catalysis conditions. The silica sol prepared by base catalysis has a large particle size, and the final film layer has high porosity and transmittance, but the film layer is not firmly bonded to the glass substrate and is prone to falling off, and no longer has industrial value. The silica sol prepared by acid catalysis has a small particle size, a firm bond to the glass substrate, and a high hardness, but the anti-reflection and anti-transmission film made alone has a low porosity, a high refractive index, and poor anti-reflection and anti-transmission performance. In order to increase the porosity and increase the light transmittance, a template is usually added to the acid-catalyzed silica sol. After film formation, curing, and tempering, the template decomposes and forms pores in the film layer, which reduces the refractive index of the film layer and achieves the effect of anti-reflection and anti-transmission. The sintering of the template during the film formation, curing, and tempering processes is a major factor affecting the porosity and pore distribution of the anti-reflection and anti-reflection film, and is crucial for its anti-reflection and weathering and dirt resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesize a template with good system compatibility and meet performance requirements.

[0003] Previous studies have used molecular design to develop templates with good compatibility with silica sols, and by adding silane coupling agents to create coating solutions, they have achieved the goal of enhancing the transmittance of anti-reflection films. However, this template has a pH of 7-10, making it less stable when combined with acid-catalyzed silica sols. Furthermore, the template exhibits a linear expansion state in the coating solution, resulting in low pore formation efficiency after film formation, irregular pores, and uneven distribution, which compromises the anti-reflection effect and weathering and stain resistance. Other studies have modified polystyrene microsphere templates to have more anionic groups on their surfaces, but these can only be combined with base-catalyzed silica sols, which suffer from some of the inherent problems of base-catalyzed silica sols and lacks guaranteed weathering and stain resistance.

[0004] Another approach utilizes template particles with a positive surface charge to deposit negatively charged nano-silica particles generated by hydrolysis of a silicon source via electrostatic adsorption, thereby forming core-shell silica nanoparticles. After film formation, the internal template is calcined through high-temperature tempering to produce a dense hollow silica structure. However, the effective self-assembly and coating of the silicon source on the template surface depends entirely on the positive charge density of the template surface. Any factors that affect the electrostatic attraction of the charges will destroy or even prevent the formation of this core-shell structure. To this end, it is often necessary to introduce acids, bases, or other electrolytes, which results in insufficient stability or weather and dirt resistance in the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a template for anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solutions that is insensitive to acids, bases, and electrolytes and exhibits excellent stability, weather and dirt resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a template agent that is insensitive to acids, bases, and electrolytes and can be used to prepare a coating solution with good stability and a coating film with good weather and dirt resistance.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a template is provided, comprising the following steps: polymerizing a template monomer in a solution of a hyperbranched polymer to obtain a template.

[0007] The preparation method according to the embodiment of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0008] This solution creatively prepares the template in a hyperbranched polymer solution, thereby introducing the hyperbranched polymer into the microspheres of the template. First, a hyperbranched structure forms on the particle surface. Due to the shielding protection of the surface hyperbranched structure, the template is insensitive to acids, bases, and electrolytes, and particles are less likely to aggregate and condense. Furthermore, it has good compatibility with different types of silica sols, significantly improving the stability of the coating solution prepared with this template. Second, the introduction of the hyperbranched polymer also creates a porous three-dimensional nanostructure within the template particles. This unique internal nanopore structure can adsorb small molecules or serve as catalytic active sites and nanoreactors for small molecule reactions. Therefore, during the preparation of the coating solution, silica sol particles or other silicon sources can be captured and filled into the internal nanopores. Utilizing this anchoring effect, the surface reaction forms a complete, crack-free, and high-strength silica shell. After high-temperature coating, the resulting film is uniformly distributed with pores within the film, resulting in a smooth, dense surface with no openings or collapse, significantly ensuring the weather and stain resistance of the coating layer.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, polymerizing a template monomer in a solution of a hyperbranched polymer to obtain a template comprises:

[0010] The template monomer is added into the hyperbranched polymer solution, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 60-90° C. under the action of an initiator to cause the template monomer to undergo polymerization reaction to obtain the template.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0012] Taking more than 50 wt% of the hyperbranched polymer to form a first solution, and mixing the first solution with a template monomer to obtain a solution A;

[0013] taking the remaining hyperbranched polymer to form a second solution;

[0014] Less than 50 wt% of the total mass of liquid A is mixed with the second solution, an initiator is added and the temperature is maintained at 60-90° C. to start the polymerization reaction, and then the remaining liquid A is added to continue the reaction to obtain a template.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer forming the first solution accounts for more than 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, or 80 wt% of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer. Correspondingly, the remaining hyperbranched polymer forming the second solution accounts for less than 45 wt%, 40 wt%, 35 wt%, 30 wt%, 25 wt%, or 20 wt% of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer forming the first solution accounts for less than 99.9 wt%, 99 wt%, 98 wt%, 97 wt%, 96 wt%, or 95 wt% of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer. Correspondingly, the remaining hyperbranched polymer forming the second solution accounts for more than 0.1 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, or 5 wt% of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer forming the first solution accounts for 55-99.9 wt%, 60-99 wt%, 65-98 wt%, 70-97 wt%, 75-96 wt%, or 80-95 wt% of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer. Correspondingly, the remaining hyperbranched polymer forming the second solution accounts for 0.1-45 wt%, 1-40 wt%, 2-35 wt%, 3-30 wt%, 4-35 wt%, or 5-20 wt% (excluding this number) of the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the first solution and the second solution are transparent solutions.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the obtained liquid A is a milky white liquid.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, after the initiator is added to start polymerization, when the mixed solution turns from milky white to blue, the remaining liquid A is added to react to obtain the template.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is 1-50 wt %. In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is 2-40 wt %, 5-30 wt %, or 10-20 wt %.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution is 0.01-5 wt %. In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution is 0.02-2 wt %, 0.05-1 wt %, or 0.1-0.8 wt %.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is more than 10 times the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution. In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is 10 to 100 times, or 20 to 80 times the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is 1 to 50 wt %, the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution is 0.01 to 5 wt %, and the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the first solution is more than 10 times the mass percentage of the hyperbranched polymer in the second solution.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the total mass of the hyperbranched polymer is 1 to 10 wt% of the total mass of the template monomer, for example, it can be 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, or 10 wt%.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the method for mixing the first solution with the template monomer is to drop the template monomer into the first solution. In some embodiments, the time for dropping the template monomer into the first solution is 5 to 30 minutes.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the first solution and the template monomer are mixed to obtain Liquid A by dropwise adding the template monomer into the first solution and continuously stirring the mixture after the dropwise addition is completed until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid is formed, which serves as Liquid A. In some embodiments, stirring is continued for 20 to 60 minutes after the dropwise addition is completed.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer is at least one of polyester, polyurethane, polyphosphate, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyether, polyetherketone, polyamide, polyimide, polyorganosiloxane, polystyrene, polyarylethersulfone, etc.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer is prepared by any one of a mono-monomer method and a poly-monomer method. In some embodiments, the mono-monomer method for synthesizing the hyperbranched polymer includes but is not limited to AB n (n≥2) monomer polymerization, self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP), self-condensing ring-opening polymerization (SCROP), proton transfer polymerization (PTP), chain walking polymerization (CWP), diacetylene monomer cyclotrimerization, etc. In some embodiments, the multi-monomer method for synthesizing hyperbranched polymers includes but is not limited to A2+B n Any one of polymerization, coupling monomer (CNM), etc. wherein A and B represent different reactive groups.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the hyperbranched polymer is a polyester.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, monomers forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer include organic acid anhydrides and polyols.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, monomers for forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer include organic acid anhydride, polyol and epoxy halogenated alkane.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, in the monomers forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer, the organic anhydride includes at least one of phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and fumaric anhydride.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, in the monomers forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer, the polyol includes at least one of glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, di(trimethylol)propane, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, etc.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, in the monomers forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer, the epichlorohydrin is epichlorohydrin.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the monomers forming the polyester hyperbranched polymer include pentaerythritol, trimellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and epichlorohydrin.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the hyperbranched polymer is as follows:

[0038] The organic acid anhydride and the polyol undergo a ring-opening addition reaction to obtain a first product;

[0039] The first product utilizes its carboxyl group to undergo a ring-opening addition reaction with an epoxychloroalkane to obtain a second product;

[0040] The second product continues to react with epoxychloroalkane and organic anhydride, gradually extending the branch chain outward to obtain a hyperbranched polymer.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the hyperbranched polymer is as follows:

[0042] Step 1: Pentaerythritol and trimellitic anhydride are mixed and reacted under the catalysis of a first catalyst to obtain a first product;

[0043] Step 2: mixing the first product with epichlorohydrin and reacting them under the catalysis of a second catalyst to obtain a second product;

[0044] Step 3: The second product is mixed with maleic anhydride and reacted under the catalysis of a third catalyst to obtain a hyperbranched polymer.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, the first catalyst is anhydrous tin chloride. In some specific embodiments, the second catalyst is tetraethylammonium bromide. In some specific embodiments, the third catalyst is anhydrous tin chloride. In some embodiments, the catalytic reaction temperature conditions of step 1 are 100-150°C, 110-130°C, or 115-125°C. In some embodiments, the catalytic reaction temperature conditions of step 3 are 70-110°C, 80-100°C, or 85-95°C. In some embodiments, the reactions of steps 1-3 are carried out in an organic solvent. In some embodiments, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of tetrahydrofuran, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the hyperbranched polymer is as follows:

[0047] In an organic solvent, trimellitic anhydride and pentaerythritol are reacted at 100-150°C for 1-5 hours using anhydrous tin chloride as a catalyst; epichlorohydrin is then added and the reaction is catalyzed by tetraethylammonium bromide for 1-5 hours; after the system temperature drops to 70-110°C, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is catalyzed by anhydrous tin chloride for 1-5 hours; after removing the organic solvent, a light yellow liquid is obtained, which is the hyperbranched material.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, the solvent used for the solution of hyperbranched polymer comprises at least one of an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent. In some specific embodiments, the solvent includes but is not limited to at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, isooctyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. In some specific embodiments, the solvents used to form the first solution and the second solution are independently selected from at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, isooctyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. In some embodiments, the solvents used to form the first solution and the second solution are both water.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the template monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, styrenes, acrylonitriles, acrylamides, and methacrylamides.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the template monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, trifluoroethyl acrylate, hexafluorobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, the initiator includes but is not limited to at least one of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride, and azobisisopropylimidazoline.

[0052] In a second aspect of the present application, a template is provided, which is prepared according to the aforementioned preparation method.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the latex particles in the template is less than 160 nm, less than 150 nm, less than 120 nm, less than 100 nm, or less than 90 nm. In some embodiments, the particle diameter of the latex particles in the template is 30-150 nm, 40-120 nm, 50-100 nm, or 60-90 nm.

[0054] In a third aspect of the present application, a plating solution is provided, wherein the raw materials of the plating solution include the aforementioned template agent.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the raw materials of the coating solution also include a silicon source.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the silicon source is selected from at least one of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, polyethyl silicate-32, and polyethyl silicate-40.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, the raw materials of the plating solution also include a catalyst.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the catalyst in the raw materials of the coating solution is an acidic catalyst. In some embodiments, the catalyst is selected from at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid, boric acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the raw materials of the coating solution include a silicon source, a catalyst, a template and a solvent.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present application, the solvent in the raw materials of the plating solution is selected from at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether or tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the silicon source to the template in the raw materials of the plating solution is 1:(0.1-10), 1:(0.2-5), 1:(0.5-2), 1:(1-1.5).

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the silicon source to the catalyst in the raw materials of the plating solution is 1:(0.0005-0.1).

[0063] In some embodiments of the present application, the solid content of the plating solution is 1-10%, and can further be 1-8%, 3-10%, 3-8%, or 3-6%.

[0064] In a fourth aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a coating solution is provided, the method comprising the following steps: mixing a silicon source with a template agent for reaction, and diluting the mixture to obtain a coating solution.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method includes the following steps: taking a template agent and a catalyst and mixing them evenly, slowly dripping a silicon source into the mixture, reacting, and diluting the mixture to obtain a coating solution.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method includes the following steps: taking the template and the catalyst and mixing them evenly, slowly dripping the silicon source at 20-70°C for 1-3 hours, continuing the reaction for 2-24 hours after the dripping is completed, and diluting to obtain the coating solution.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present application, the coating solution is obtained by diluting the solution to a solid content of 1-10%, 1-8%, 3-10%, 3-8%, or 3-6%.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, after the catalyst is added, the pH of the solution is adjusted to 2-6.

[0069] In a fifth aspect of the present application, a coated glass is provided. The coated glass includes a glass substrate and a coating layer located on one side of the glass substrate, wherein the coating layer is formed by the aforementioned coating liquid.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing coated glass is as follows:

[0071] The coating liquid is coated on the glass substrate and baked and solidified at 80-250° C. to obtain the coated glass.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present application, the method of coating the coating liquid on the glass includes but is not limited to any one of spraying, dipping, pulling, and rolling.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, after curing by baking at 80-250° C., a tempering treatment at 500-700° C. is further included to obtain coated glass.

[0074] In a sixth aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes the above-mentioned coated glass.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present application, a photovoltaic module includes a back sheet, a front sheet, and a battery unit located between the back sheet and the front sheet, and the front sheet includes the aforementioned coated glass.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery unit includes but is not limited to at least one of an N-type photovoltaic cell (such as BSF, single-sided PERC, bifacial PERC), a P-type photovoltaic cell (such as PERT, HJT / HIT, IBC, TOPCon, HBC, TBC), etc.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present application, a photovoltaic module includes a backsheet, a first adhesive film layer, a battery cell, a second adhesive film layer, and a frontsheet, which are sequentially arranged. The first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer can be polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), etc.

[0078] The present application synthesizes a polymer latex microsphere template with a hyperbranched structure. The hyperbranched polymer microsphere has a polymer as the core, and the microsphere surface has a hyperbranched structure. The hyperbranched polymer has an internal porous three-dimensional structure. The unique nanopores inside the molecules can adsorb small molecules, or serve as catalytic active points and nanoreactors for small molecule reactions. Moreover, the polymer latex microsphere template with this structure is insensitive to acids, bases and electrolytes due to the shielding protection of the hyperbranched structure on the surface. Using these hyperbranched polymer microspheres as a template, the hyperbranched structure captures nano-scale acidic silica sol particles or molecular-level silicon source substances and fills them into the nano-pores inside the hyperbranched polymer. Then, a silica shell layer reacts on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer core. Due to the shielding and protective effect of the hyperbranched structure, the particles are not easily agglomerated and condensed, and are not affected by acids, alkalis, and electrolytes. Therefore, the stability of the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution is better. In addition, due to the anchoring effect of the hyperbranched structure, the formed core-shell structure silica shell layer is completely coated, without cracks, and is strong. After high-temperature film formation, the holes are evenly distributed inside the film layer, and the surface is smooth and dense, without openings or collapses. Therefore, the weather resistance and dirt resistance are guaranteed.

[0079] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept and technical effects of this application in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0081] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. The described embodiments are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0082] In the description of this application, "several" means more than one, "plurality" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0083] In the description of this application, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0084] Example 1

[0085] This embodiment provides a coated glass, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0086] A. Preparation of Template

[0087] (1) Add 64 g of water and 13.6 g of a hyperbranched polymer to a three-necked flask and stir at 250 rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in the water to form a transparent first solution. Then, increase the stirring speed to 400 rpm and slowly dropwise add a template monomer comprising 100 g of styrene, 30 g of methyl methacrylate, 20 g of butyl acrylate, and 20 g of acrylamide into the first solution over a 10-min addition period. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 30 min until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid is formed, which is designated as Liquid A.

[0088] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 3.4g of hyperbranched polymer to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 10% (24.76g) of liquid A and add it to the second solution, stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 8.5g of an initiator, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride aqueous solution (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the polymerization reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish hue, start to slowly add the remaining 90% (222.84g) of liquid A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h, and discharge the material to obtain a hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template.

[0089] The particle size of the template latex was 66 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model Zeta ZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0090] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0091] 193 g of the hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template prepared in step A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water and stirred to disperse evenly. 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise at room temperature for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0092] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0093] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roller coating method, baked and solidified at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0094] The hyperbranched polymer used in A can be prepared by at least the following preparation process or other methods known in the art:

[0095] Trimellitic anhydride, pentaerythritol and solvent DMF are added to a four-necked flask, and the temperature is raised to 120°C for reaction for 3 hours under nitrogen protection and catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; epichlorohydrin is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of tetraethylammonium bromide; after the system temperature drops to 90°C, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; after removing DMF in vacuo, a light yellow liquid is obtained, which is a hyperbranched polymer.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] This embodiment provides a coated glass, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0098] A. Preparation of Template

[0099] (1) 64 g of water and 12.24 g of a hyperbranched polymer were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at 250 rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in the water to form a transparent first solution. The stirring speed was then increased to 400 rpm, and a template monomer comprising 100 g of styrene, 30 g of methyl methacrylate, 30 g of isooctyl methacrylate, and 10 g of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide was slowly added dropwise to the first solution over a 10-min addition period. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for 30 min until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid was formed, which was designated as Solution A.

[0100] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 1.36g of hyperbranched polymer to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 7.5% (18.47g) of liquid A and add it to the second solution, stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 17g of initiator azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride aqueous solution (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the polymerization reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish hue, start to slowly add the remaining 92.5% (227.77g) of liquid A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h, and discharge the material to obtain a hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template.

[0101] The particle size of the latex template was 72 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model Zeta ZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0102] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0103] 193 g of the hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template prepared in step A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water and stirred to disperse evenly. 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise at room temperature for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0104] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0105] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roller coating method, baked and solidified at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0106] The hyperbranched polymer used in A can be prepared by at least the following preparation process or other methods known in the art:

[0107] Trimellitic anhydride, pentaerythritol and solvent DMF are added to a four-necked flask, and the temperature is raised to 120°C for reaction for 3 hours under nitrogen protection and catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; epichlorohydrin is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of tetraethylammonium bromide; after the system temperature drops to 90°C, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; after removing DMF in vacuo, a light yellow liquid is obtained, which is a hyperbranched polymer.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] This embodiment provides a coated glass, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0110] A. Preparation of Template

[0111] (1) Add 64 g of water and 7.65 g of a hyperbranched polymer to a three-necked flask and stir at 250 rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in the water to form a transparent first solution. Then, increase the stirring speed to 400 rpm and slowly dropwise add a template monomer comprising 100 g of styrene, 40 g of methyl methacrylate, and 30 g of butyl acrylate into the first solution over a 10-min addition period. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 30 min until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid is formed, which is designated as Liquid A.

[0112] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 0.85g of hyperbranched polymer to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 5% (12.08g) of liquid A and add it to the second solution, stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 17g of an initiator, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride aqueous solution (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the polymerization reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish hue, start to slowly add the remaining 95% (229.57g) of liquid A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h, and discharge the material to obtain a hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template.

[0113] The particle size of the latex of the template was 80 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model Zeta ZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0114] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0115] 193 g of the hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template prepared in step A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water and stirred to disperse evenly. 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise at room temperature for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0116] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0117] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in step B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roll coating method, baked and cured at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0118] The hyperbranched polymer used in A can be prepared by at least the following preparation process or other methods known in the art:

[0119] Trimellitic anhydride, pentaerythritol and solvent DMF are added to a four-necked flask, and the temperature is raised to 120°C for reaction for 3 hours under nitrogen protection and catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; epichlorohydrin is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of tetraethylammonium bromide; after the system temperature drops to 90°C, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; after removing DMF in vacuo, a light yellow liquid is obtained, which is a hyperbranched polymer.

[0120] Example 4

[0121] This embodiment provides a coated glass, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0122] A. Preparation of Template

[0123] (1) 64 g of water and 12.24 g of a hyperbranched polymer were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at 250 rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in the water to form a transparent first solution. The stirring speed was then increased to 400 rpm, and a template monomer comprising 100 g of methyl methacrylate, 30 g of butyl acrylate, 30 g of methyl acrylate, and 10 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate was slowly added dropwise to the first solution over a 10-min addition period. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for 30 min until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid was formed, which was designated as Solution A.

[0124] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 1.36g of hyperbranched polymer to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve the hyperbranched polymer in water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 5% (12.31g) of liquid A and add it to the second solution, stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 17g of an initiator, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride aqueous solution (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish hue, start to slowly add the remaining 95% (233.93g) of liquid A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h, and discharge the material to obtain a hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template.

[0125] The particle size of the latex of the template was 84 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model Zeta ZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0126] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0127] 193 g of the hyperbranched polymer latex microsphere template prepared in step A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water and stirred and dispersed evenly. 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise at room temperature for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0128] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0129] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in step B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roll coating method, baked and cured at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0130] The hyperbranched polymer used in A can be prepared by at least the following preparation process or other methods known in the art:

[0131] Trimellitic anhydride, pentaerythritol and solvent DMF are added to a four-necked flask, and the temperature is raised to 120°C for reaction for 3 hours under nitrogen protection and catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; epichlorohydrin is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of tetraethylammonium bromide; after the system temperature drops to 90°C, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is continued for 3 hours under catalysis of anhydrous tin chloride; after removing DMF in vacuo, a light yellow liquid is obtained, which is a hyperbranched polymer.

[0132] Comparative experiments

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] This comparative example provides a coated glass. The main difference between its preparation process and that of Example 4 is that the hyperbranched polymer is replaced with an equal mass of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0135] A. Preparation of common polymer templates

[0136] (1) Add 64 g of water and 12.24 g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20 to a three-necked flask and stir at 250 rpm to dissolve the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20 in the water to form a transparent first solution. Then increase the stirring speed to 400 rpm and slowly drop the template monomers including 100 g of methyl methacrylate, 30 g of butyl acrylate, 30 g of methyl acrylate, and 10 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate into the first solution over a 10-min addition period. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for 30 min until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid is formed, which is designated as Liquid A.

[0137] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 1.36g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20 to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20 in the water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 5% (12.31g) of liquid A and add it to the second solution, stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 17g of an initiator aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish hue, start slowly adding the remaining 95% (233.93g) of liquid A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h, and then discharge the material to obtain a common polymer latex microsphere template.

[0138] The particle size of the latex of the template was 270 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model Zeta ZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0139] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0140] 193 g of the ordinary polymer latex microsphere template prepared in A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water, and stirred and dispersed evenly. At room temperature, 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0141] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0142] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in step B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roll coating method, baked and cured at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0143] Comparative Example 2

[0144] This comparative example provides a coated glass. The main difference between its preparation process and that of Example 4 is that the hyperbranched polymer is replaced with an equal mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0145] A. Preparation of Cationic Polymer Templates

[0146] (1) Add 64 g of water and 12.24 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to a three-necked flask and stir at 250 rpm to dissolve CTAB in the water to form a transparent first solution. Then increase the stirring speed to 400 rpm and slowly drop the template monomers, including 100 g of methyl methacrylate, 30 g of butyl acrylate, 30 g of methyl acrylate, and 10 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate, into the first solution over a 10-min addition period. Continue stirring for 30 min after the addition is complete until a uniform, smooth, and stable milky white liquid is formed, which is designated as Liquid A.

[0147] (2) Add 500g of water and the remaining 1.36g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to a four-necked flask and stir at a stirring speed of 250rpm to dissolve CTAB in the water to form a transparent second solution. After heating the second solution to 75°C, take 5% (12.31g) of solution A and add it to the second solution. Stir and disperse for 15min. After the temperature stabilizes, add 17g of an initiator, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride aqueous solution (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride mass fraction 20%) to start the reaction. After the color of the mixed solution in the four-necked flask turns into a stable milky white with a bluish tint, start to slowly add the remaining 95% (233.93g) of solution A dropwise therein for 3h. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature for reaction for 5h and discharge the material to obtain a cationic polymer latex microsphere template.

[0148] The particle size of the latex of the template was 180 nm as measured by a laser particle size analyzer (Malven, Model ZetaZS90). The solid content of the template was approximately 24%.

[0149] B. Preparation of AR coating solution

[0150] 193 g of the cationic polymer latex microsphere template prepared in step A and 0.16 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a four-necked flask containing 420 g of anhydrous ethanol and 190 g of water, and stirred and dispersed uniformly. 230 g of ethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise at room temperature for 2 h. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued for 24 h. Finally, the solution was diluted with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 4% to obtain an anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating solution.

[0151] C. Preparation of AR coated glass

[0152] The anti-reflection and anti-reflection coating liquid prepared in step B is coated on the solar ultra-clear glass by a conventional roll coating method, baked and cured at 180°C, and then tempered at 680-720°C to obtain the anti-reflection and anti-reflection coated glass.

[0153] Test methods and results

[0154] (1) Light transmittance test: The light transmittance of the clean coated glass was measured by the AOPTEK GST-3 air-floating tabletop spectral transmittance measurement system of Beijing AOPTEK Technology Co., Ltd. in accordance with the ISO9050 standard.

[0155] (2) 3M tape test: 3M Scotch 610-1PK tape was used for a quick test. The test method was to lay the 3M tape flat on the surface of the film, squeeze it hard, and then tear the tape 90 degrees perpendicular to the film surface. The film was rated 1-5 according to the lightness or severity of the residual mark on the surface. Level 1 was no mark, level 2 was very light mark, level 3 was obvious mark, level 4 was residual white bright mark, and level 5 was debonded. The larger the level, the worse the stain resistance. No higher than level 2 was considered qualified.

[0156] (3) Hardness test: The pencil hardness of the coating is measured with reference to the Chinese national standard GB / T6739, where the load is 750g. If the hardness ≥ H meets the national standard requirements, it is considered qualified.

[0157] (4) Fingerprint test: Select a coated glass sample with a clean surface, press a fingerprint on the center of the glass surface, place the coated glass sample with the fingerprint in a constant temperature drying oven at 150±5℃ and bake for 30 minutes, take it out and cool it to room temperature, wipe it with alcohol, and observe whether there is a mark left on the film surface. According to the lightness or heaviness of the mark on the surface of the residual film layer, it is rated as 1-5 levels, with level 1 being no mark, level 2 being a very fuzzy mark, level 3 being a slight mark, level 4 being a clearer mark, and level 5 being a very clear mark. The larger the level, the worse the resistance to dirt and stains. No higher than level 2 is considered qualified.

[0158] Table 1. Comparative experimental results

[0159] Membrane surface condition Light transmittance 3M offset printing Handprints hardness Solution stability Example 1 The film surface is uniform and transparent 94.36 Level 1 Level 1 4H >6 months Example 2 The film surface is uniform and transparent 94.41 Level 1 Level 1 4H >6 months Example 3 The film surface is uniform and transparent 94.33 Level 1 Level 1 4H >6 months Example 4 The film surface is uniform and transparent 94.35 Level 1 Level 1 4H >6 months Comparative Example 1 Whitening hair mask 91.57 Level 5 Level 5 <H <1 week Comparative Example 2 The film surface is uniform and transparent 94.23 Level 3 Level 2 H <3 months

[0160] Comparing Example 4 and the comparative example above, in Comparative Example 1, a nonionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-20, was added as an emulsifier when preparing the template, and the nano-microsphere template was formed by emulsion polymerization. However, the template microspheres formed had a large particle size and a simple internal structure. The final coating layer had low porosity, poor light transmittance, a whitish and foggy film surface, low hardness, poor stain resistance, and insufficient stability of the coating solution. In Comparative Example 2, in addition to the monomer, a cationic active agent, CTAB, was added to the template to prepare the template, resulting in template particles with a positive surface charge. The negatively charged nano-silica generated by the hydrolysis of the silicon source was deposited on the template surface through electrostatic adsorption, forming a core-shell structure template. After the coating layer was formed, it was subjected to high-temperature tempering to decompose the internal template, forming a hollow silica structure with internal pores and a dense surface. Although this structure effectively increased the porosity of the film layer, improved light transmittance, stain resistance, and stability, and improved the film surface condition, there is still considerable room for improvement. Compared with the above two, Example 4 introduces a hyperbranched polymer into the template, forming a hyperbranched structure with shielding protection on the surface of the template particles, which is insensitive to acids, alkalis and electrolytes, and the weathering stability of the plating solution is greatly improved; at the same time, a porous three-dimensional nanostructure is also formed inside the template particles, which is mixed with the silicon source during the plating process to form a high-quality shell layer. The microstructure of the final coating layer is significantly improved, and the anti-fouling effect, hardness and other properties are greatly improved.

[0161] Example 5

[0162] This embodiment provides a coated glass, which differs from embodiment 1 in that the hyperbranched polymer is a hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0163] S1: Weigh 65.2g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 6.6g of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and dissolve them in DMF, mix well, and heat to 85°C under nitrogen protection for 1.5h. Cool to -5°C and slowly add a DMF solution containing 28.2g of diethanolamine (DEOA) dropwise. After the addition, continue stirring for 30min, heat to 60°C, react for 2h, and separate and purify to obtain hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU).

[0164] S2: 33.4 g IPDI and 60.2 g polycaprolactone (PCL, relative molecular mass 1000) were weighed and mixed, and the mixture was reacted at 85°C for 1.5 h under nitrogen protection; 4.8 g DMPA and 1.6 g 1,4-butanediol (BDO) were added and reacted at 85°C for 2.5 h; the temperature was lowered to 60°C, acetone was added to adjust the viscosity, and 3.5 g butanol was added for partial end-capping reaction for 1 h to obtain a linear polyurethane prepolymer; 11 g HBPU prepared in S1 was added and reacted at 80°C for 2 h. 3.4 g triethanolamine (TEA) was added to the system for neutralization, and the mixture was rapidly stirred and dispersed with water. The organic solvent was removed in vacuo to obtain a hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane.

[0165] The microstructure and size of the latex particles in the template prepared by this embodiment are similar to those in Example 1, and the latex particles are insensitive to acids, bases and electrolytes. The prepared coating solution has good stability, and the coated glass finally obtained also has excellent weather resistance and dirt resistance.

[0166] Example 6

[0167] This embodiment provides a coated glass, which differs from embodiment 1 in that the hyperbranched polymer is a hyperbranched polyamide, and the preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0168] S1: Dissolve 4.9 g of maleic anhydride (MA) in 70 ml of 1,4-dioxane at room temperature, slowly add 50 ml of a 1 mol / l solution of diethylenetriamine (DETA) in 1,4-dioxane, and react at 20°C and 2500 rpm for 2 h to obtain a white flocculent suspension. Remove the solvent 1,4-dioxane by vacuum distillation, and prepare a 1 mol / l AB2 monomer solution.

[0169] S2: Mix 0.6 g of ethylenediamine and 20 ml of AB2 monomer solution, heat to 90°C and react for 5 h, then add 40 ml of AB2 monomer solution, maintain the temperature and continue to react for 5 h, then add 80 ml of AB2 monomer solution, maintain the temperature and continue to react for 5 h to obtain a bright yellow liquid. Remove water by vacuum distillation, and dry at 80°C for 36 h to obtain a hyperbranched polyamide.

[0170] The microstructure and size of the latex particles in the template prepared by this embodiment are similar to those in Example 1, and the latex particles are insensitive to acids, bases and electrolytes. The prepared coating solution has good stability, and the coated glass finally obtained also has excellent weather resistance and dirt resistance.

[0171] Example 7

[0172] This embodiment provides coated glass, which differs from Example 1 in that butyl acrylate is replaced with an equal mass of acrylamide. The latex particles in the template prepared using this embodiment have a microstructure and size similar to those in Example 1, are insensitive to acids, bases, and electrolytes, and the resulting coating solution exhibits excellent stability. Furthermore, the resulting coated glass exhibits excellent weather resistance and stain resistance.

[0173] Example 8

[0174] This embodiment provides coated glass, which differs from Example 1 in that the template monomer is styrene. The latex particles in the template prepared using this embodiment have a similar microstructure and size to those in Example 1, are insensitive to acids, bases, and electrolytes, and the resulting coating solution exhibits excellent stability. Furthermore, the resulting coated glass exhibits excellent weather resistance and stain resistance.

[0175] The present application has been described in detail above with reference to the embodiments. However, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the purpose of the present application. In addition, the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A coating solution, characterized in that: The raw materials of the coating solution include a silicon source and a template agent. The preparation method of the template agent includes the following steps: polymerizing the template agent monomer in a hyperbranched polymer solution to obtain the template agent; The template comprises hyperbranched polymer microspheres, which have a polymer as a core and a hyperbranched structure on the surface of the microspheres.

2. The coating solution according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the template comprises the following steps: Taking more than 50 wt% of the hyperbranched polymer to form a first solution, and mixing the first solution with the template monomer to obtain solution A; taking the remaining hyperbranched polymer to form a second solution; Less than 50 wt% of the total mass of liquid A is mixed with the second solution, an initiator is added to start a polymerization reaction, and then the remaining liquid A is added to continue the reaction to obtain the template.

3. The coating solution according to claim 1, wherein The hyperbranched polymer is at least one of polyester, polyurethane, polyphosphate, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyether, polyether ketone, polyamide, polyimide, polyorganosiloxane, polystyrene, and polyarylethersulfone.

4. The coating solution according to claim 3, characterized in that The hyperbranched polymer is polyester, and the monomers forming the polyester include pentaerythritol, trimellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and epichlorohydrin.

5. The coating solution according to claim 1, wherein The template monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, styrenes, acrylonitriles, acrylamides, and methacrylamides.

6. The method for preparing the plating solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing a silicon source with a template agent for reaction, and diluting the mixture to obtain the coating solution.

7. Coated glass, characterized in that: The invention comprises a glass substrate and a coating layer located on one side of the glass substrate, wherein the coating layer is formed by the coating solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that Including the coated glass according to claim 7.