A normal pressure cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system and detection and removal method

Abstract

The application provides a normal-pressure cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system and method. In the system, a plurality of cutter disc temperature detection assemblies are arranged on a normal-pressure panel of a cutter disc. A cutter detection assembly is arranged in the inside of a cutter barrel of at least one rolling cutter in the detection area of each cutter disc temperature detection assembly. A plurality of panel flushing ports are arranged on the normal-pressure panel of the cutter disc. The plurality of panel flushing ports include parallel flushing ports and inclined flushing ports. Each cutter disc temperature detection assembly has at least one parallel flushing port and at least one inclined flushing port corresponding to the detection area. The at least one parallel flushing port can flush the normal-pressure panel in the corresponding cutter disc temperature detection area. The at least one inclined flushing port can flush all the rolling cutters in the corresponding cutter disc temperature detection area. A cutter barrel flushing port is arranged in the inside of the cutter barrel of each rolling cutter. The control system can accurately detect the cutter disc mud cake area and the severely worn cutter area in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and in particular to a system and method for detecting and removing mud cake buildup on a normal pressure cutterhead. Background Technology

[0002] During shield tunnel construction, mud cake formation on the cutterhead and cutter wear are major technical challenges affecting slurry balance and tunneling efficiency. Based on field experience, mud cake formation on the cutterhead is mainly caused by the following: 1. Due to the regional and complex nature of geotechnical engineering conditions, the regional design and cutter arrangement of the shield cutterhead vary when referencing similar projects and preliminary geological surveys. 2. Shield cutterheads with smaller opening ratios or encountering clay layers with high clay content experience poor soil flow in the central area of ​​the cutterhead. The cut clay adheres to the central area, and the layout and pressure of the central flushing device on the shield machine are limited, resulting in a limited flushing area and difficulty in timely removal of the mud cake adhering to the central area. As the frictional resistance of the cutterhead increases and the thrust rises, the mud cake in the central area continuously expands, forming a hard mud cake. After mud cake formation, the friction on the rock surface increases, the temperature of the cutterhead gradually rises, and the cutterhead loses its ability to cut soil, causing slow tunneling or even shutdown, seriously affecting the service life of the equipment and the progress of the project.

[0003] In the actual construction of shield tunnels, construction technicians often rely on changes in thrust, torque, and tunneling speed to determine the extent of mud cake buildup on the cutterhead. However, due to a lack of sensitivity to changes in parameters (thrust, torque, and tunneling speed, etc.), the machine is generally only stopped for mud cake removal when it can no longer continue tunneling. This failure to remove mud cake from the cutterhead in a timely manner leads to accelerated wear on the cutterhead structure, high energy consumption, reduced equipment lifespan, and decreased construction efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved system and method for detecting and removing cake buildup on atmospheric pressure cutter discs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides solutions to at least some extent. Therefore, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a normal pressure cutterhead cake detection and removal system that can promptly and accurately detect areas of cake buildup on the cutterhead and severely worn cutter areas.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for detecting and removing sludge cake on a normal pressure cutter disc.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an atmospheric pressure cutterhead cake detection and removal system, comprising a detection unit, a flushing unit and a control unit; the detection unit includes a cutterhead temperature detection component and a cutter detection component, and multiple cutterhead temperature detection components are distributed on the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutterhead, which can perform full-range temperature detection on the atmospheric pressure panel, and a cutter detection component is provided inside the cutter barrel of at least one cutter in the detection area of ​​each cutterhead temperature detection component;

[0011] The rinsing unit includes a panel rinsing port, a cutter barrel rinsing port, a water pump for supplying water to the rinsing ports, and a rinsing valve located between the rinsing ports and the water pump for controlling the operation of the rinsing ports. Multiple panel rinsing ports are distributed on the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter head, including parallel rinsing ports and inclined rinsing ports. Each cutter head temperature detection component has at least one corresponding parallel rinsing port and at least one inclined rinsing port in its detection area. At least one parallel rinsing port can rinsing the entire atmospheric pressure panel within its corresponding cutter head temperature detection area, and at least one inclined rinsing port can rinsing all the cutters within its corresponding cutter head temperature detection area. Each cutter barrel has a cutter barrel rinsing port inside. The input end of the control system is connected to the cutter head temperature detection component and the cutter detection component, and the output end of the control system is connected to the water pump and the rinsing valve.

[0012] Optionally, the excavation panel of the cutterhead has a narrow section and a wide section connected sequentially along the radial direction of the cutterhead, with the wide section positioned relatively away from the cutterhead center block compared to the narrow section. Three cutterhead temperature detection components are distributed on the excavation panel of each cutterhead: a first cutterhead temperature detection component, a second cutterhead temperature detection component, and a third cutterhead temperature detection component. The first cutterhead temperature detection component is located on the narrow section, the second cutterhead temperature detection component is located at the first end of the wide section along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead, and the third cutterhead temperature detection component is located at the second end of the wide section along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead. A fourth cutterhead temperature detection component is located on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block. The first, second, and third cutterhead temperature detection components can perform full-area temperature detection on their respective cutterheads, while the fourth cutterhead temperature detection component and the first cutterhead temperature detection component on each cutterhead can perform full-area temperature detection on the cutterhead center block.

[0013] Optionally, the flushing directions of the parallel flushing ports are distributed on multiple different contour surfaces; the flushing directions of the inclined flushing ports form multiple different angles with the pressure plate of the cutter head.

[0014] Optionally, the excavation panel of the cutterhead has a narrow section and a wide section connected sequentially along the radial direction of the cutterhead, with the wide section positioned away from the center block of the cutterhead relative to the narrow section. Each cutterhead's excavation panel has three panel flushing ports: a first panel flushing port, a second panel flushing port, and a third panel flushing port. The first panel flushing port is located on the narrow section and is positioned away from the center block of the cutterhead relative to the first cutterhead temperature detection component. The second panel flushing port is located at the first end of the wide section along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead, and the third panel flushing port is located at the second end of the wide section along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead. The second and third panel flushing ports are positioned away from the center block of the cutterhead relative to the second cutterhead temperature detection component. The first, second, and third panel flushing ports can perform full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all cutters of their respective cutterheads. Multiple fourth panel flushing ports are provided on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block, and these multiple fourth panel flushing ports, along with the first panel flushing ports on each cutterhead, can perform full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all cutters of the cutterhead center block.

[0015] Optionally, the second panel flushing port is a parallel flushing port, and the third panel flushing port is an inclined flushing port. The second panel flushing port faces the second end of the tool box along the circumferential direction of the cutter head and is biased towards the center block of the cutter head. The third panel flushing port faces the first end of the tool box along the circumferential direction of the cutter head and is biased towards the center block of the cutter head. The first panel flushing port faces the center block of the cutter head and is biased towards the tool box.

[0016] Optionally, multiple fourth panel flushing ports are provided on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block, distributed around the center of the cutterhead.

[0017] Optionally, the cutterhead center block has a cutterhead conical surface extending from the atmospheric pressure panel to the soil chamber in the circumferential direction. The flushing unit also includes a cutterhead conical surface flushing port, which is disposed on the cutterhead conical surface. The flushing direction of the cutterhead conical surface flushing port is towards the soil chamber and parallel to the cutterhead conical surface.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for detecting and removing sludge cake on an atmospheric pressure cutter disc, comprising:

[0019] S1. Real-time acquisition of detection data from the tool box temperature detection component and the tool detection component, and determination of whether there is a target tool box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold based on the detection data from the tool box temperature detection component.

[0020] S2. If present, control the parallel flushing port and inclined flushing port corresponding to the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature to work for the first preset time.

[0021] S3. If the target tool box temperature does not drop below the preset temperature threshold after the first preset time, determine whether there is a worn target hob based on the detection data of the tool detection component.

[0022] S4. If present, the tunnel boring machine will be stopped to guide the engineering personnel in carrying out maintenance work on the target cutterhead; if not present, the cutterhead flushing port in the detection area of ​​the target cutterhead temperature will be controlled for a second preset time.

[0023] S5. If the target cutter box temperature does not drop below the preset temperature threshold after the second preset time, the tunnel boring machine shall be stopped to guide the engineering personnel to carry out maintenance work on all cutters except the cutters equipped with the cutter detection component within the detection area of ​​the target cutter box temperature.

[0024] Optionally, S2 further includes: if present, controlling the parallel flushing port, inclined flushing port, and tool disc conical flushing port corresponding to the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature to operate for a first preset time.

[0025] Optionally, when there is a target tool box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold, the indicator light at the corresponding point in the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature on the control system is marked red; when there is no target tool box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold, the indicator light at the corresponding point in the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature on the control system is marked green.

[0026] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] The atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system provided by this invention, combined with an atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal method, can promptly and accurately detect mud cake areas and severely worn cutter areas on the cutterhead. It can also guide the tunnel boring machine to promptly flush mud cake areas on the cutterhead and guide construction personnel to promptly repair (replace) severely worn cutters. Therefore, the atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system provided by this invention can achieve time-sharing and zone-based flushing of the entire atmospheric pressure panel of the cutterhead, greatly improving the accuracy of mud cake detection and the efficiency of targeted flushing. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention is described with reference to the following figures:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric pressure cutter disc cake detection and removal system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein the circle represents the detection area of ​​the cutter head temperature detection component;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head center block according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the toolbox according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a portion of the cutter head according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of the method for detecting and removing sludge cake on an atmospheric pressure cutter disc according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0037] 1: Cutter head;

[0038] 11: Center block of the cutter head; 12: Tool box; 13: Hob; 14: Narrow section; 15: Wide section;

[0039] 21: Tool head temperature detection component; 22: Tool detection component; 23: First tool head temperature detection component; 24: Second tool head temperature detection component; 25: Third tool head temperature detection component; 26: Fourth temperature detection component;

[0040] 3: Flushing unit;

[0041] 30: Panel flushing port; 31: Parallel flushing port; 32: Inclined flushing port; 33: Blade barrel flushing port; 34: First panel flushing port; 35: Second panel flushing port; 36: Third panel flushing port; 37: Fourth panel flushing port;

[0042] 4: Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Cake buildup on the cutterhead causes a rise in cutterhead temperature, which is also caused by severe cutter wear. Therefore, this invention proposes an atmospheric pressure cutterhead cake detection and removal system and method. The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the atmospheric pressure cutterhead cake detection and removal system and method.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, in a tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead 1 has a central block 11 and multiple cutter boxes 12 evenly distributed around the central block 11. Each cutter box 12 is connected to the central block 11. Multiple roller cutters 13 are installed on the central block 11 and each cutter box 12. The excavation panel of the central block 11 and the excavation panels of the multiple cutter boxes 12 together form the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutterhead 1. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cutterhead 1 has six cutter boxes 12 evenly distributed around the central block 11.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides an atmospheric pressure cutter head cake detection and removal system, including a detection unit, a flushing unit 3, and a control unit 4. The detection unit includes a cutter head temperature detection component 21 and a cutter detection component 22. Multiple cutter head temperature detection components 21 are distributed on the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter head 1. These multiple cutter head temperature detection components 21 can perform full-range temperature detection on the atmospheric pressure panel. A cutter detection component 22 is installed inside the cutter barrel of at least one roller cutter 13 within the detection area of ​​each cutter head temperature detection component 21 (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown); The rinsing unit 3 includes a panel rinsing port 30, a cutter barrel rinsing port 33, a water pump for supplying water to the rinsing port, and a rinsing valve disposed between the rinsing port and the water pump for controlling the operation of the rinsing port. Multiple panel rinsing ports 30 are distributed on the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter disc 1. The multiple panel rinsing ports 30 include parallel rinsing ports 31 and inclined rinsing ports 32. Each cutter disc temperature detection component 21 has at least one parallel rinsing port 31 and at least one inclined rinsing port 32 corresponding to its detection area. At least one parallel rinsing port 31 can perform full-area rinsing of the atmospheric pressure panel in its corresponding cutter disc 1 temperature detection area. At least one inclined rinsing port 32 can rinse all the cutters 13 in its corresponding cutter disc 1 temperature detection area. Each cutter barrel 13 is provided with a cutter barrel rinsing port 33 inside its cutter barrel. The input end of the control system is connected to the cutter disc temperature detection component 21 and the cutter detection component 22, and the output end of the control system is connected to the water pump and the rinsing valve.

[0048] It should be noted that, as Figure 5 As shown, the rinsing direction of the parallel rinsing port 31 is parallel to the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter head 1; the rinsing direction of the inclined rinsing port 32 forms an angle with the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter head 1, and the rinsing direction of the inclined rinsing port 32 is towards the part of the roller cutter 13 that extends out of the atmospheric pressure panel; the rinsing direction of the cutter barrel rinsing port 33 is perpendicular to the atmospheric pressure panel of the cutter head 1.

[0049] The atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system configured above can achieve the following methods during the operation of the tunnel boring machine: S1. Real-time acquisition of detection data from the cutterhead 12 temperature detection component and the cutter detection component 22, and determination of whether there is a target cutterhead 12 temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold based on the detection data of the cutterhead 12 temperature detection component; S2. If so, control the parallel flushing port 31 and the inclined flushing port 32 corresponding to the detection area of ​​the target cutterhead 12 temperature to work for a first preset time; S3. If the target cutterhead 12 temperature does not drop to the preset temperature threshold after the first preset time, If the temperature is below the threshold, the detection data from the cutter detection component 22 is used to determine whether there is wear on the target cutter 13; S4, if there is wear, the tunnel boring machine is stopped to guide the engineers to carry out maintenance work on the target cutter 13; if there is no wear, the cutter flushing port 33 in the detection area of ​​the target cutter box 12 temperature is controlled to work for a second preset time; S5, if the temperature of the target cutter box 12 does not drop below the preset temperature threshold after the second preset time, the tunnel boring machine is stopped to guide the engineers to carry out maintenance work on all cutters 13 except the cutter 13 equipped with the cutter detection component 22 in the detection area of ​​the target cutter box 12 temperature.

[0050] Therefore, the atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system provided by this invention, combined with the atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal method, can promptly and accurately detect mud cake areas and severely worn cutter areas on the cutterhead. It can also guide the tunnel boring machine to promptly flush mud cake areas on the cutterhead and guide construction personnel to promptly repair (replace) severely worn cutters. Thus, the atmospheric pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system provided by this invention can achieve time-sharing and zone-based flushing of the entire atmospheric pressure panel of cutterhead 1, greatly improving the accuracy of cutterhead mud cake detection and the efficiency of targeted flushing.

[0051] Preferably, such as Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the excavation panel of the cutter box 12 has a narrow portion 14 and a wide portion 15 connected radially along the cutter head 1. The wide portion 15 is positioned away from the cutter head center block 11 relative to the narrow portion 14. Three cutter head temperature detection components 21 are distributed on the excavation panel of each cutter box 12, namely a first cutter head temperature detection component 23, a second cutter head temperature detection component 24, and a third cutter head temperature detection component 25. The first cutter head temperature detection component 23 is disposed on the narrow portion 14, and the second cutter head temperature detection component 24 is disposed on the wide portion 15 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1. At the first end of the cutterhead, the third cutterhead temperature detection component 25 is located at the second end of the width portion 15 along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead 1; a cutterhead temperature detection component 21, serving as the fourth temperature detection component, is installed on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block 11; the first cutterhead temperature detection component 23, the second cutterhead temperature detection component 24, and the third cutterhead temperature detection component 25 can perform full-area temperature detection on their respective cutter boxes 12, while the fourth cutterhead temperature detection component 26 and the first cutterhead temperature detection component 23 on each cutter box 12 can perform full-area temperature detection on the cutterhead center block 11. This distribution of the cutterhead temperature detection components 21 is more reasonable, fewer in number, lower in cost, and capable of performing full-area temperature detection on the atmospheric pressure panel.

[0052] The tool detection component 22 installed inside the cutter barrel of the hob 13 can detect the temperature, rotation speed, wear and other conditions of the hob 13 in real time.

[0053] Preferably, the rinsing directions of the parallel rinsing ports 31 are distributed on multiple different contour surfaces (the height direction is perpendicular to the pressure plate of the cutter head 1); the rinsing directions of the inclined rinsing ports 32 form multiple different angles with the pressure plate of the cutter head 1. In this way, the parallel rinsing ports 31 and the inclined rinsing ports 32 can jointly perform layered rinsing of the cutter head 1 and the roller cutter 13.

[0054] It should be noted that, as Figure 4 As shown, the rinsing area of ​​each panel rinsing port 30 is fan-shaped.

[0055] Preferably, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, each cutter head 12 has three panel flushing ports 30 distributed on its excavation panel: a first panel flushing port 34, a second panel flushing port 35, and a third panel flushing port 36. The first panel flushing port 34 is located on the narrow portion 14 and is positioned away from the cutter head center block 11 relative to the first cutter head temperature detection component 23. The second panel flushing port 35 is located at the first end of the wide portion 15 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1. The third panel flushing port 36 is located at the second end of the wide portion 15 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1, and is positioned away from the second cutter head temperature detection component 23 relative to the second cutter head temperature detection component 23. The cutterhead temperature detection component 24 is positioned away from the cutterhead center block 11, and the third panel flushing port 36 is positioned away from the cutterhead center block 11 relative to the third cutterhead temperature detection component 25. The first panel flushing port 34, the second panel flushing port 35, and the third panel flushing port 36 can perform full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all the roller cutters 13 of their respective cutter boxes 12. Multiple fourth panel flushing ports 37 are provided on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block 11. These multiple fourth panel flushing ports 37 and the first panel flushing ports 34 on each cutter box 12 can perform full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all the roller cutters 13 of the cutterhead center block 11. The panel flushing ports 30 distributed as described above are more reasonable, fewer in number, and lower in cost, and can flush the entire area of ​​the atmospheric pressure panel and all the roller cutters 13 on the atmospheric pressure panel.

[0056] It should be noted that among the first panel flushing ports 34, the second panel flushing port 35, and the third panel flushing port 36, some of the panel flushing ports 30 are parallel flushing ports 31, and others are inclined flushing ports 32. This is necessary to achieve full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all the cutterhead cutters 13 of the cutterhead center block 11. Similarly, among the multiple fourth panel flushing ports 37 on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block 11 and all the first panel flushing ports 34 on the cutterhead boxes 12, some of the panel flushing ports 30 are parallel flushing ports 31, and others are inclined flushing ports 32. This is also necessary to achieve full-area flushing of the excavation panel and all the cutterhead cutters 13 of the cutterhead center block 11.

[0057] More preferably, the second panel rinsing port 35 is a parallel rinsing port 31, the third panel rinsing port 36 is an inclined rinsing port 32, the second panel rinsing port 35 is disposed towards the second end of the tool box 12 along the circumferential direction of the tool disc 1 and biased towards the center block 11 of the tool disc, the third panel rinsing port 36 is disposed towards the first end of the tool box 12 along the circumferential direction of the tool disc 1 and biased towards the center block 11 of the tool disc, and the first panel rinsing port 34 is disposed towards the center block 11 of the tool disc and biased towards the tool box 12.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, five fourth panel flushing ports 37 are provided on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block 11, which are distributed around the center of the cutterhead 1.

[0059] Preferably, in this embodiment, the cutterhead central block 11 has a cone-shaped surface extending from the atmospheric pressure panel towards the soil chamber (i.e., the interior of the tunnel boring machine) in the circumferential direction. The flushing unit 3 further includes a flushing port on the cone-shaped surface of the cutterhead 1, which is disposed on the cone-shaped surface of the cutterhead 1. The flushing direction of the flushing port is towards the soil chamber and parallel to the cone-shaped surface of the cutterhead 1. In this way, the cone-shaped surface of the cutterhead 1 is flushed, which facilitates the entry of the excavated soil generated at the excavation face of the cutterhead 1 into the soil chamber.

[0060] Furthermore, in this embodiment, each flushing port (which may be a parallel flushing port 31, an inclined flushing port 32, a cutter barrel flushing port 33, or a cutter disc 1 conical flushing port) is equipped with a corresponding flushing valve, and the flushing valve is electrically connected to the output terminal of the control system.

[0061] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control system includes an industrial computer located in the main control room of the tunnel boring machine. The industrial computer is electrically connected to the detection unit and the flushing unit 3, respectively. Thus, the control unit 4 can analyze and process the data collected by the detection unit using data processing software, and display the analysis results in a set format on the industrial computer interface. The control unit 4 can control the opening and closing of the flushing ports corresponding to the detection area to perform zoned, timed, and layered flushing based on the analysis results. The control unit 4 can independently analyze and process the data collected by the cutter detection component 22, and separately display the monitored cutter status, including temperature, rotation speed, and wear, through the industrial computer to guide the fixed-point cutter maintenance and replacement operations.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for detecting and removing mud cake on an atmospheric pressure cutterhead using the mud cake detection and removal system in Embodiment 1. This method occurs during the operation of the tunnel boring machine and includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Real-time acquisition of detection data from the tool box temperature detection component and the tool detection component, and determination of whether there is a target tool box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold based on the detection data from the tool box temperature detection component.

[0065] S2. If it exists, control the parallel flushing port and inclined flushing port corresponding to the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature to work for the first preset time; if it does not exist, return to S1.

[0066] S3. If the target tool box temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold after the first preset time, it means that the mud cake has been washed away and return to S1; if the target tool box temperature does not drop below the preset temperature threshold after the first preset time, it is determined whether there is a worn target hob based on the detection data of the tool detection component.

[0067] S4. If present, the tunnel boring machine will be stopped to guide the engineering personnel to carry out maintenance work on the target cutterhead; if absent, it indicates that the cutterhead in the detection area of ​​the target cutterhead temperature is blocked, and the cutterhead flushing port in the detection area of ​​the target cutterhead temperature is controlled to operate for a second preset time.

[0068] S5. If the target cutter box temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold after the second preset time, it indicates that the slag collected in the cutter barrel has been washed clean, and the process returns to S1. If the target cutter box temperature does not drop below the preset temperature threshold after the second preset time, the tunnel boring machine is stopped to guide the engineering personnel to carry out maintenance work on all cutters except those equipped with the cutter detection component within the detection area of ​​the target cutter box temperature.

[0069] S6. After all hobs except those with the tool detection component have been inspected within the detection area of ​​the target toolbox temperature, return to S1.

[0070] Preferably, S2 further includes: if present, controlling the parallel flushing port, inclined flushing port and cutter disc conical flushing port corresponding to the detection area of ​​the target tool box temperature to operate for a first preset time.

[0071] Preferably, when a target toolbox temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the indicator light at the corresponding point in the detection area of ​​the target toolbox temperature on the control system is marked red; when no target toolbox temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the indicator light at the corresponding point in the detection area of ​​the target toolbox temperature on the control system is marked green. This facilitates observation by engineers and allows for the issuance of alarm information.

[0072] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical approach and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. All changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A normal pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system, characterized in that, it comprises a detection unit, a flushing unit (3) and a control unit (4); the detection unit comprises cutterhead temperature detection assemblies (21) and cutter detection assemblies (22), a plurality of cutterhead temperature detection assemblies (21) are arranged on the normal pressure panel of the cutterhead, the plurality of cutterhead temperature detection assemblies (21) can perform global temperature detection on the normal pressure panel, and a cutter detection assembly (22) is arranged inside the cutter barrel of at least one rolling cutter (13) in the detection area of each cutterhead temperature detection assembly (21); the flushing unit (3) comprises panel flushing ports (30), cutter barrel flushing ports (33), a water pump for supplying water to the flushing ports, and a flushing valve arranged between the flushing ports and the water pump for controlling the operation of the flushing ports, a plurality of panel flushing ports (30) are arranged on the normal pressure panel of the cutterhead, the plurality of panel flushing ports (30) comprise parallel flushing ports (31) and inclined flushing ports (32), each cutterhead temperature detection assembly (21) has at least one parallel flushing port (31) and at least one inclined flushing port (32) corresponding thereto, the at least one parallel flushing port (31) can perform global flushing on the normal pressure panel in the corresponding cutterhead temperature detection area, and the at least one inclined flushing port (32) can flush all rolling cutters (13) in the corresponding cutterhead temperature detection area, and a cutter barrel flushing port (33) is arranged inside the cutter barrel of each rolling cutter (13); the input end of the control system is connected with the cutterhead temperature detection assemblies (21) and the cutter detection assemblies (22), and the output end of the control system is connected with the water pump and the flushing valve.

2. The normal pressure cutterhead mud cake detection and removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the excavation panel of the cutter box (12) has a narrow part (14) and a wide part (15) connected in sequence along the radial direction of the cutterhead, and the wide part (15) is arranged away from the cutterhead center block (11) relative to the narrow part (14); three cutterhead temperature detection assemblies (21) are arranged on the excavation panel of each cutter box (12), which are a first cutterhead temperature detection assembly (23), a second cutterhead temperature detection assembly (24) and a third cutterhead temperature detection assembly (25), the first cutterhead temperature detection assembly (23) is arranged on the narrow part (14), the second cutterhead temperature detection assembly (24) is arranged on the first end of the wide part (15) in the circumferential direction of the cutterhead, and the third cutterhead temperature detection assembly (25) is arranged on the second end of the wide part (15) in the circumferential direction of the cutterhead; one cutterhead temperature detection assembly (21) is arranged on the excavation panel of the cutterhead center block (11), which is a fourth temperature detection assembly; the first cutterhead temperature detection assembly (23), the second cutterhead temperature detection assembly (24) and the third cutterhead temperature detection assembly (25) can perform global temperature detection on the cutter box (12) where they are located, and the fourth cutterhead temperature detection assembly (26) and the first cutterhead temperature detection assembly (23) on each cutter box (12) can perform global temperature detection on the cutterhead center block (11).

3. The atmospheric cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system according to claim 1, wherein, the flushing directions of the parallel flushing ports (31) are distributed on multiple different contour surfaces; and the flushing directions of the inclined flushing ports (32) form multiple different angles with the cutter disc atmospheric surface panels.

4. The atmospheric cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system according to claim 1, wherein, the excavation surface panel of the cutter box (12) has a narrow portion (14) and a wide portion (15) connected in sequence along the radial direction of the cutter disc, and the wide portion (15) is arranged away from the cutter disc center block (11) relative to the narrow portion (14); three panel flushing ports (30) are arranged on the excavation surface panel of each cutter box (12), namely a first panel flushing port (34), a second panel flushing port (35), and a third panel flushing port (36), the first panel flushing port (34) is arranged on the narrow portion (14), and the first panel flushing port (34) is arranged away from the cutter disc center block (11) relative to the first cutter disc temperature detection assembly (23), the second panel flushing port (35) is arranged at the first end of the wide portion (15) along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc, the third panel flushing port (36) is arranged at the second end of the wide portion (15) along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc, and the second panel flushing port (35) is arranged away from the cutter disc center block (11) relative to the second cutter disc temperature detection assembly (24), and the third panel flushing port (36) is arranged away from the cutter disc center block (11) relative to the third cutter disc temperature detection assembly (25); the first panel flushing port (34), the second panel flushing port (35), and the third panel flushing port (36) can flush the excavation surface panel and all the cutter blades (13) of the cutter box (12) in the whole domain; a plurality of fourth panel flushing ports (37) are arranged on the excavation surface panel of the cutter disc center block (11), and the fourth panel flushing ports (37) and the first panel flushing port (34) on each cutter box (12) can flush the excavation surface panel and all the cutter blades (13) of the cutter disc center block (11) in the whole domain.

5. The atmospheric cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system according to claim 4, wherein, the second panel flushing port (35) is a parallel flushing port (31), and the third panel flushing port (36) is an inclined flushing port (32), the second panel flushing port (35) is arranged towards the second end of the cutter box (12) along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc and deviates towards the cutter disc center block (11), the third panel flushing port (36) is arranged towards the first end of the cutter box (12) along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc and deviates towards the cutter disc center block (11), and the first panel flushing port (34) is arranged towards the cutter disc center block (11) and deviates towards the cutter box (12).

6. The atmospheric cutter cake detection and removal system of claim 4, wherein, a plurality of fourth panel flushing ports (37) are arranged on the excavation surface panel of the cutter disc center block (11) and surround the cutter disc center.

7. The atmospheric cutter disc mud cake detection and removal system according to claim 1, wherein, The cutter head center block (11) has a cutter head cone surface extending from the normal pressure panel to the soil bin in the circumferential direction, and the flushing unit (3) further comprises a cutter head cone surface flushing port provided on the cutter head cone surface, and the flushing direction of the cutter head cone surface flushing port is towards the soil bin and parallel to the cutter head cone surface.

8. A method for detecting and removing a cake from a conventional cutting disc at normal pressure, characterized in that, Comprise: S1, real-time acquisition of detection data of the cutter box temperature detection assembly and detection data of the cutter detection assembly, and determining whether there is a target cutter box temperature exceeding a preset temperature threshold according to the detection data of the cutter box temperature detection assembly; S2, if there is, controlling the parallel flushing port and the inclined flushing port corresponding to the detection area to which the target cutter box temperature belongs to work for a first preset time; S3, if the target cutter box temperature does not decrease below the preset temperature threshold after the first preset time, determining whether there is a worn target cutter according to the detection data of the cutter detection assembly; S4, if there is, stopping the shield tunneling machine to guide the engineering personnel to perform maintenance work on the target cutter; if there is not, controlling the cutter drum flushing port in the detection area to which the target cutter box temperature belongs to work for a second preset time; S5, if the target cutter box temperature does not decrease below the preset temperature threshold after the second preset time, stopping the shield tunneling machine to guide the engineering personnel to perform maintenance work on all cutters in the detection area to which the target cutter box temperature belongs except the cutter detection assembly.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, S2 further comprises: if there is, controlling the parallel flushing port, the inclined flushing port and the cutter head cone surface flushing port corresponding to the detection area to which the target cutter box temperature belongs to work for a first preset time.

10. The normal pressure cutter head mud cake detection and removal method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When there is a target cutter box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold, the display lamp corresponding to the detection area of the target cutter box temperature on the control system is marked as red; when there is no target cutter box temperature exceeding the preset temperature threshold, the display lamp corresponding to the detection area of the target cutter box temperature on the control system is marked as green.

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