A temporary tunnel support method and support device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a temporary tunnel support method and a support device thereof, comprising a combined truss, a supporting unit and a permanent support, wherein the following steps are adopted when performing temporary support: S1: utilizing the supporting unit to place the combined truss in a tunnel coal uncovering section for direct support, wherein the permanent support is located at the tail of the combined truss; the temporary tunnel support method and the support device thereof innovatively apply the ground truss to an underground arched tunnel, utilizing the structural characteristics of the truss to ensure stable support, and the combined truss, as a movable and reusable temporary support system, can provide temporary support directly and quickly following the excavation of the tunnel coal uncovering section, and when the combined truss of the temporary support moves, the permanent support of the rear section thereof is utilized to replace the temporary support to ensure stable support of the tunnel, thereby abandoning the drilling and fixing process of the traditional support, and effectively simplifying the construction and saving materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel safety, and in particular to a tunnel temporary support method and a support device thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel excavation construction process, especially for the coal-excavating section of the tunnel, the surrounding rock is relatively broken. In the excavation support, the traditional method mainly adopts the support method of front exploration beam and advance guide tube, but in the actual construction process, the front exploration beam support mainly uses two 3-meter two-inch steel pipes, extending along the direction of the tunnel. After each excavation, the support needs to be positioned and reinforced again, which is troublesome to construct, and the support effect is not uniform and sufficient, and the safety effect is poor, which is not conducive to safe construction. Although the support method of the advance guide tube can ensure the stability and safety of the support, during the construction process, the guide tube material is permanently invested, and drilling, anchoring and on-site welding are required. The construction efficiency is low, and it cannot be withdrawn, the investment is high, and it is not economical. For this reason, we propose a temporary tunnel support method and support device. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a temporary tunnel support method and a support device thereof to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a temporary tunnel support method, comprising a combined truss, a supporting unit and a permanent support, wherein the following steps are adopted during the temporary support:

[0005] S1: Using the supporting monomer to place the combined truss in the coal mining section of the roadway for direct support, the permanent support is located at the tail of the combined truss;

[0006] S2: The supporting unit drives the combined truss to follow the excavation and the permanent support enters the previous temporary support area;

[0007] S3: positioning and supporting the combined truss after moving forward, separating the permanent support from the combined truss, and permanently positioning the permanent support;

[0008] S4: Repeat the above steps until the entire tunnel support is completed.

[0009] A temporary tunnel support device, wherein the combined trusses include a plurality of round arch top frames, a top truss is arranged inside each of the round arch top frames, a plurality of combined folding rods are continuously arranged at the bottom of the top trusses, and a positioning component for limiting the bending of the combined folding rods is arranged on the combined folding rods, and the supporting monomers are installed on the positioning components, so that the combined folding rods and the positioning components form a lower truss, and cooperate with the top truss to form a double-layer supporting structure;

[0010] It also includes a docking component, which is connected to multiple round arch top frames at the same time and is used to dock the multiple round arch top frames in one piece.

[0011] Preferably, the combined folding rod includes a folding rod one rotatably installed at the bottom of the top truss, and a folding rod two is slidably arranged on the folding rod one, and the folding rod two simultaneously rotates relative to the folding rod one, and the other end of the folding rod two is rotatably connected to the top truss, and the positioning component is used to limit the deflection of the folding rod one, so that the folding rod one and the folding rod two form a lower truss.

[0012] Preferably, a through slot is penetrated on the folding rod, a T-shaped slider is slidably arranged at the bottom of the through slot, the T-shaped slider penetrates the through slot, and a rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the top of the T-shaped slider, and the two ends of the folding rod are connected to the rotating shaft, so that the folding rod is slidably connected to the folding rod and can rotate relative to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning component comprises a lifting crossbar, a plurality of through slots 2 are formed through the lifting crossbar, the folding rod 1 corresponds to the through slots 2 one by one, and a rotating shaft 2 is rotatably mounted at one end of the folding rod;

[0014] A T-shaped slider 2 is slidably arranged at the bottom of the second through slot, the T-shaped slider 2 passes through the second through slot, and the top end of the T-shaped slider 2 is connected to the second rotating shaft, and when the first folding rod is deflected, the T-shaped slider 2 is driven to move horizontally in the second through slot;

[0015] A plurality of buckle grooves corresponding to the two through grooves are provided on the upper surface of the lifting cross bar, and a buckle block is installed on the side position of the top of the two T-shaped sliders. When the two T-shaped sliders move horizontally to the buckle groove position, the buckle block buckles into the buckle groove to limit the movement of the two T-shaped sliders in the two through grooves.

[0016] Preferably, the docking component comprises a plurality of docking screw sleeves respectively mounted on the round arch top frame and the lifting crossbar;

[0017] It also includes a docking main rod, on which a plurality of mounting seats corresponding to the round arch top frames are continuously arranged, the mounting seats are rotatably connected to the docking main rod, and a docking shaft is rotatably mounted on each of the mounting seats, the docking shaft is a screw structure, and extends in the same direction as the docking main rod;

[0018] Gear 1 and gear 2 are respectively arranged on the docking main rod and the docking shaft, and the gear 1 and gear 2 are meshed. Anti-slip handles are also arranged on the docking main rod to comfortably rotate the docking main rod and allow multiple docking shafts to be spirally docked with corresponding docking nut sleeves at the same time.

[0019] Preferably, guide rods with a diameter smaller than that of the butt joint shafts are provided at the ends of the butt joint shafts, so that the guide rods can be respectively inserted into corresponding butt joint nut sleeves to pre-position the butt joint shafts.

[0020] Preferably, the supporting unit includes telescopic hydraulic cylinders which are detachably mounted on both ends of the bottom of the lifting cross bar, so that the corresponding lifting cross bar can be set to be lifted and lowered accordingly by utilizing the telescopic hydraulic cylinders.

[0021] Preferably, extension rods are provided at both sides of the circular arch top frame, and the bottom ends of the extension rods touch the ground when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fully retracted, and when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is extended, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder touches the ground instead of the extension rods, so that the buckle block is disengaged from the buckle groove;

[0022] A rotating shaft three is arranged at the bottom end of the extension rod, and a ground contacting caster is installed on the rotating shaft three, so that the ground contacting caster is used to replace the extension rod to contact the ground.

[0023] Preferably, the permanent support is a retractable U-shaped steel shed to adapt to the tunnel for permanent support.

[0024] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] Different from the existing technology, the ground truss is innovatively introduced to the underground arched tunnel, and the structural characteristics of the truss are used to ensure stable support. The combined truss is a movable and reusable temporary support system, which can directly and quickly provide temporary support following the excavation of the coal-excavating section of the tunnel. When the combined truss of the temporary support moves, the permanent support of the rear section is used to replace the temporary support to ensure the stable support of the tunnel, abandoning the drilling and fixing process of the traditional support, which can effectively simplify the construction and save materials;

[0026] Moreover, in the position where the combined truss beam is subjected to a large force angle and the coal uncovering section is particularly prone to breakage, the combined truss can be deformed to provide a double-layer temporary support truss structure to ensure convenient, stable and safe support for the coal uncovering section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure after permanent support is omitted;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Side view of the planar structure;

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2Schematic diagram of the separation state of the middle support monomer;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting monomer structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded state of the combined truss of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a single round arch top frame structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Another structural diagram;

[0035] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle A area;

[0036] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of local explosion structure;

[0037] Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle B area;

[0038] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the docking components of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1, combined truss; 11, round arch top frame; 12, top truss; 13, combined folding rod; 131, folding rod 1; 132, folding rod 2; 133, through slot 1; 134, T-shaped slider 1; 135, rotating shaft 1; 14, positioning component; 141, lifting cross bar; 142, through slot 2; 143, rotating shaft 2; 144, T-shaped slider 2; 145, buckle slot; 146, buckle block; 15, Connecting parts; 151, docking screw sleeve; 152, docking main rod; 153, mounting seat; 154, docking shaft; 155, gear one; 156, gear two; 157, non-slip grip; 158, guide rod; 2, supporting unit; 21, telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 22, horizontal mounting rod; 23, threaded rod; 24, mounting screw sleeve; 3, permanent support; 4, extension rod; 41, rotating shaft three; 42, ground contact caster. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See also Figure 1-12 The present invention provides a technical solution: a temporary tunnel support method, comprising a combined truss 1, a supporting unit 2 and a permanent support 3, wherein the following steps are adopted during temporary support:

[0043] S1: Use the supporting monomer 2 to place the combined truss 1 in the coal mining section of the roadway for direct support, and the permanent support 3 is located at the tail of the combined truss 1;

[0044] S2: The supporting unit 2 drives the combined truss to follow the excavation, and the permanent support 3 enters the previous temporary support area;

[0045] S3: Position and support the combined truss 1 after it moves forward, separate the permanent support 3 from the combined truss 1, and permanently position the permanent support 3;

[0046] S4: Repeat the above steps until the entire tunnel support is completed.

[0047] After adopting the above-mentioned support method, the combined truss 1 is used as a temporary support system, which can be moved and reused to ensure stable temporary support. In addition, the last row of the entire temporary support system replaces the temporary support system with permanent support, and the cycle continues. Compared with traditional support methods, it can abandon drilling construction, reduce pipeline material costs, and relatively save costs.

[0048] A temporary tunnel support device, for the combined truss 1, supporting unit 2 and permanent support 3 used in the above-mentioned temporary tunnel support method;

[0049] As a technical means, the combined truss 1 includes a plurality of round arch top frames 11 to adapt to the support of the underground arch tunnel, and a top truss 12 is arranged inside the round arch top frames 11, and a plurality of combined folding rods 13 are continuously arranged at the bottom of the top truss 12, and the combined folding rod 13 includes a folding rod 131 rotatably installed at the bottom of the top truss 12, and a folding rod 2 132 is slidably arranged on the folding rod 131, and the folding rod 2 132 rotates relative to the folding rod 1 131 at the same time, and the other end of the folding rod 2 132 is rotatably connected to the top truss 12;

[0050] Specifically, the connection method of the folding rod 131 and the folding rod 2 132 is as follows:

[0051] A through slot 133 is formed on the folding rod 131, and a T-shaped slider 134 is slidably provided at the bottom of the through slot 133. The T-shaped slider 134 penetrates the through slot 133, and a rotating shaft 135 is rotatably installed on the top of the T-shaped slider 134. The end of the second folding rod 132 is connected to the rotating shaft 135. It should be noted that the width of the through slot 133 is smaller than the width of the second folding rod 132. In this way, the T-shaped slider 134 and the second folding rod 132 buckle the first folding rod 131 in the middle, so that the second folding rod 132 and the first folding rod 131 can be slidably connected, and the rotating shaft 135 is used to ensure that the second folding rod 132 can rotate relative to the first folding rod 131 at the same time;

[0052] In addition, a positioning component 14 for limiting the bending of the combined folding rod 13 is provided, and the positioning component 14 includes a lifting crossbar 141, and a plurality of through slots 142 are provided through the lifting crossbar 141, and the folding rod 131 corresponds to the through slots 142 one by one, and a rotating shaft 143 is rotatably installed at the end of the folding rod 131, and a T-shaped slider 144 is slidably provided at the bottom of the through slot 142, and the T-shaped slider 144 penetrates the through slot 142, and its top end is connected to the rotating shaft 143, and the T-shaped slider 144 has the same function and principle as the T-shaped slider 134, so as to slidably connect the folding rod 131 with the lifting crossbar 141, so that when the folding rod 131 deflects, the T-shaped slider 144 is driven to move horizontally in the through slot 142 at the same time;

[0053] A plurality of buckle grooves 145 corresponding to the second through grooves 142 are provided on the upper surface of the lifting crossbar 141, and buckle blocks 146 are installed on the side of the top of the second T-shaped slider 144. When the second T-shaped slider 144 moves horizontally to the buckle groove 145, the buckle block 146 buckles into the buckle groove 145 to limit the movement of the second T-shaped slider 144 in the second through groove 142.

[0054] In this way, when the single-layer support truss needs to be switched to a double-layer support truss structure according to demand, the lifting cross bar 141 is specifically set to move downward, which can drive the folding rod 131 to deflect accordingly, and at the same time, the folding rod 131 drives the second folding rod 132 to passively deflect, and at the same time, the T-shaped slider 144 moves horizontally in the second through groove 142. When the lifting cross bar 141 drops to the limit position, the buckle block 146 moves to the buckle groove 145. At this time, the lifting cross bar 141 is moved upward to buckle the buckle block 146 into the corresponding buckle groove 145. In this state, the supporting unit 2 supports the lifting cross bar 141 by touching the ground, and the buckle groove 145 limits the horizontal movement of the buckle block 146, that is, the folding rod 131 remains stable in this deflected state, and the folding rod 132 is relatively stable to the folding rod 131, thereby providing a stable two-layer support truss structure.

[0055] It should be noted that the combined truss 1 also includes a docking component 15 for integrally docking a plurality of round arched top frames 11, the docking component 15 includes a plurality of docking screw sleeves 151 respectively mounted on the round arched top frames 11 and the lifting crossbar 141; and also includes a docking main rod 152, on which a plurality of mounting seats 153 respectively corresponding to the round arched top frames 11 are continuously arranged, the mounting seats 153 are rotatably connected to the docking main rod 152, and a docking shaft 154 is rotatably mounted on the mounting seats 153, the docking shaft 154 is a screw structure, and extends in the same direction as the docking main rod 152;

[0056] A gear 155 and a gear 2 156 are respectively provided on the docking main rod 152 and the docking shaft 154 . The gear 155 and the gear 2 156 are meshed with each other, and an anti-slip handle 157 is provided on the docking main rod 152 .

[0057] In this way, when assembling the combined truss 1, it is only necessary to arrange the arched top frames 11 at a fixed distance, and then align the docking shafts 154 on the docking main rods 152 with the corresponding docking screw sleeves 151, and then use the non-slip grip 157 to rotate the docking main rods 152, so that the docking shafts 154 can be driven to rotate under the action of gear 155 and gear 2 156, and the rotation of the docking shafts 154 can simultaneously dock and fix them with the corresponding docking screw sleeves 151, so that the arched top frames 11 can be assembled and docked conveniently and stably.

[0058] Furthermore, for the purpose of supplementary optimization of the docking component 15, a guide rod 158 with a diameter smaller than that of the docking shaft 154 is provided at the end of the docking shaft 154. In this way, when assembling the arched top frame 11, it is only necessary to insert each guide rod 158 into the corresponding docking nut 151 respectively, so that the docking shaft 154 can be pre-positioned relative to the docking nut 151, so as to effectively facilitate the docking and fixation of the docking shaft 154 and the docking nut 151.

[0059] As another technical means, for the above-mentioned supporting unit 2, this feature includes telescopic hydraulic cylinders 21 that can be detachably installed at the two ends of the bottom of the lifting cross bar 141, so that it is only necessary to set the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 for corresponding lifting and lowering, and then set the corresponding lifting cross bar 141 for corresponding lifting and lowering, so as to facilitate the combined truss 1 to switch between single-layer support and double-layer support forms.

[0060] Further, for the purpose of supplementing and optimizing the supporting monomer 2, extension rods 4 are provided on both sides of the round arch top frame 11, and the bottom ends of the extension rods 4 touch the ground when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 is fully retracted. Only in this way can the lifting cross bar 141 be set to move downward alone when the round arch top frame 11 remains stationary in the longitudinal direction, thereby switching to a double-layer truss support structure, and when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 is extended, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 touches the ground instead of the extension rod 4, so that the buckle block 146 is disengaged from the buckle groove 145;

[0061] A rotating shaft 3 41 is provided at the bottom end of the extension rod 4, and a ground contacting caster 42 is installed on the rotating shaft 3 41, so that the ground contacting caster 42 can be used to replace the extension rod 4 touching the ground. In this way, when the temporary support system needs to be moved, it only needs to use the ground contacting caster 42 to move.

[0062] As another technical means, for the above-mentioned characteristic permanent support 3, the permanent support 3 is a retractable U-shaped steel shed, which abandons the drilling construction and directly adapts to the tunnel for permanent safety support.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Based on Example 1, the present invention provides an optimized technical solution for the support unit 2: the support unit 2 also includes a transverse mounting rod 22, and multiple telescopic hydraulic cylinders 21 are installed on the transverse mounting rod 22, and threaded rods 23 are rotatably installed on the top of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders 21, and a mounting screw sleeve 24 is provided at the bottom of the lifting cross bar 141 to realize the detachable connection between the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 and the lifting cross bar 141, and the integrated telescopic hydraulic cylinder 21 structure can also effectively facilitate the carrying and assembly of the support unit 2, thereby ensuring the convenience of use.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A temporary tunnel support device, comprising a combined truss (1), a supporting unit (2) and a permanent support (3), characterized in that: The combined truss (1) comprises a plurality of round arch top frames (11), a top truss (12) is arranged inside each of the round arch top frames (11), a plurality of combined folding rods (13) are continuously arranged at the bottom of the top truss (12), and a positioning component (14) for limiting the bending of the combined folding rods (13) is arranged on the combined folding rods (13), and the supporting monomer (2) is installed on the positioning component (14), so that the combined folding rods (13) and the positioning component (14) form a lower truss, and cooperate with the top truss (12) to form a double-layer supporting structure; It also includes a docking component (15), wherein the docking component (15) is connected to the plurality of round arched top frames (11) at the same time and is used to dock the plurality of round arched top frames (11) in one piece; The combined folding rod (13) comprises a folding rod 1 (131) rotatably mounted at the bottom of the top truss (12), and a folding rod 2 (132) is slidably arranged on the folding rod 1 (131), the folding rod 2 (132) simultaneously rotates relative to the folding rod 1 (131), and the other end of the folding rod 2 (132) is rotatably connected to the top truss (12), and the positioning component (14) is used to limit the deflection of the folding rod 1 (131), so that the folding rod 1 (131) and the folding rod 2 (132) form a lower truss; A through slot (133) is formed on the folding rod (131), a T-shaped slider (134) is slidably arranged at the bottom of the through slot (133), the T-shaped slider (134) passes through the through slot (133), and a rotating shaft (135) is rotatably mounted on the top of the T-shaped slider. The end of the folding rod (132) is connected to the rotating shaft (135), so that the folding rod (132) and the folding rod (131) are slidably connected and can rotate relative to each other. The positioning component (14) includes a lifting crossbar (141), a plurality of through slots (142) are formed through the lifting crossbar (141), the folding rod (131) corresponds to the through slots (142) one by one, and a rotating shaft (143) is rotatably mounted at the end of the folding rod (131); A T-shaped slider (144) is slidably disposed at the bottom of the second through slot (142), the T-shaped slider (144) passes through the second through slot (142), and the top end of the T-shaped slider is connected to the second rotating shaft (143), and when the first folding rod (131) is deflected, the T-shaped slider (144) is driven to move horizontally in the second through slot (142); A plurality of buckle grooves (145) corresponding to the second through groove (142) are provided on the upper surface of the lifting cross bar (141), and a buckle block (146) is installed on the side of the top of the second T-shaped slider (144). When the second T-shaped slider (144) moves horizontally to the buckle groove (145) position, the buckle block (146) buckles into the buckle groove (145) to limit the movement of the second T-shaped slider (144) in the second through groove (142).

2. A temporary tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The docking component (15) comprises a plurality of docking screw sleeves (151) respectively mounted on the round arch top frame (11) and the lifting cross bar (141); It also includes a docking main rod (152), on which a plurality of mounting seats (153) are continuously arranged, each corresponding to the round arch top frame (11), the mounting seats (153) are rotatably connected to the docking main rod (152), and a docking shaft (154) is rotatably mounted on each of the mounting seats (153), the docking shaft (154) is a screw structure, and extends in the same direction as the docking main rod (152); A gear 1 (155) and a gear 2 (156) are respectively arranged on the docking main rod (152) and the docking shaft (154), and the gear 1 (155) and the gear 2 (156) are engaged with each other. A non-slip grip (157) is arranged on the docking main rod (152), so that the docking main rod (152) can be rotated comfortably and a plurality of the docking shafts (154) can be screw-doped with the corresponding docking screw sleeves (151) at the same time.

3. A temporary tunnel support device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide rod (158) having a diameter smaller than that of the docking shaft (154) is provided at the end of each docking shaft (154), so that each guide rod (158) is respectively inserted into a corresponding docking nut (151) to pre-position the docking shaft (154).

4. A temporary tunnel support device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supporting unit (2) comprises telescopic hydraulic cylinders (21) which are detachably mounted on the two ends of the bottom of the lifting cross bar (141), so that the corresponding lifting cross bar (141) can be set and lifted accordingly by using the telescopic hydraulic cylinders (21).

5. A temporary tunnel support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Extension rods (4) are provided on both sides of the arched top frame (11), and the bottom ends of the extension rods (4) touch the ground when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (21) is fully retracted, and when the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (21) is extended, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (21) touches the ground instead of the extension rods (4), so that the buckle block (146) is disengaged from the buckle groove (145); A rotating shaft three (41) is provided at the bottom end of the extension rod (4), and a ground contacting caster (42) is installed on the rotating shaft three (41), so that the ground contacting caster (42) can be used to replace the extension rod (4) to contact the ground.

6. A temporary tunnel support device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The permanent support (3) is a retractable U-shaped steel shed, adapted to the tunnel for permanent support (3).

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