A water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers

Abstract

The present invention discloses a water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers. The method comprises: measuring the fresh weight and dry weight of the rose cut flowers in one growth cycle, and measuring the fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area of ​​the upright branches in one growth period of the rose by using a destructive sampling method. A stem flow meter is used to monitor the real-time transpiration rate and water potential changes of the rose plants, calculate the water utilization rate and dry matter accumulation of the soilless cultivated plants, measure the nitrogen content of the plants by the Kjeldahl method, and obtain the fertilizer requirement of the plants. The real-time data measured by the stem flow meter and the fertilizer requirement of the rose are transmitted to a cloud database. This method adopts three repetitions, the first two for model establishment (measured values), and the third for model verification (simulated values). A fertilizer and water management plan is formulated in combination with the rose model simulation analysis results, and then the soilless cultivation matrix is ​​accurately regulated for water and fertilizer. The present invention can carry out water and fertilizer integrated precision irrigation for roses, which is of great significance for guiding the soilless cultivation production of roses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rose cultivation, and in particular to a water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers. Background Art

[0002] Roses are perennial, evergreen or semi-evergreen woody plants in the genus Rosa, in the Rosaceae family. They come in a wide variety of varieties and possess both high ornamental and economic value. They are considered one of the world's four major fresh cut flowers. Soilless cultivation replaces the soil environment with an artificially created root growth environment. This not only meets the crop's needs for nutrients, water, air, and other conditions, but also regulates and regulates these conditions, using nutrient solutions to promote optimal crop growth and achieve a good balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. Consequently, crops grown in soilless cultivation typically experience excellent growth, high yield, and superior quality. Consequently, the development of soilless cultivation has become a major focus of rose production.

[0003] In the existing technology, facility-based soilless cultivation is the main direction of development of rose production, but the water and fertilizer management of rose cut flowers is estimated based on changes in substrate quality, weather conditions or backwater (fertilizer water flowing out of soilless cultivation), which is an indirect method.

[0004] The defects of this technology are: it does not directly manage the water and fertilizer conditions of the cut roses themselves, which makes it difficult to implement, with large errors and easy to cause waste; it cannot accurately monitor the water demand of the roses and the transpiration in different time periods, which is not conducive to the soilless cultivation of cut roses. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers, which can solve the problem that the water and fertilizer management method of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation has defects.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring water and fertilizer in soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation conditions during one growth cycle;

[0008] Measure the transpiration rate of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle; and calculate the water use efficiency based on the dry matter accumulation and transpiration rate;

[0009] Determine the water potential of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle;

[0010] Determine the nitrogen content of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle; and obtain the fertilizer requirement of rose cut flowers based on the fertilizer requirement ratio of rose cut flowers;

[0011] The dynamic changes in transpiration and water potential of cut roses at different growth stages were analyzed. The fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential and nitrogen content of cut roses were used as inputs of the Aqua Crop rose model, and the Aqua Crop rose model was optimized. The water and fertilizer conditions of soilless cultivation of cut roses were regulated according to the optimized Aqua Crop rose model.

[0012] Furthermore, the determination of the fresh weight and dry weight of the rose cut flowers includes: taking all parts of the rose branches using a destructive sampling method, and determining the fresh weight and dry weight of the rose branches over one growth cycle using an analytical balance.

[0013] Furthermore, the method of obtaining the leaf area of ​​cut roses under soilless cultivation conditions includes: leaf area of ​​cut roses = length of cut roses * width of cut roses * shape coefficient 0.83.

[0014] Furthermore, the method of obtaining the dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation conditions includes: after measuring the leaf area and fresh weight, the sample is fixed in an oven at 80° C., dried to a constant weight, and then weighed using an analytical balance.

[0015] Furthermore, the transpiration rate of cut roses is measured using a stem flow instrument, and the specific steps include:

[0016] The sap flow rate of a single rose plant was measured using a stem flow instrument;

[0017] The daily transpiration of a single plant was calculated based on the total sapwood area at the stem base and the sap flow rate over 24 hours;

[0018] The analysis of plant variability was extended from individual plant transpiration to crop transpiration;

[0019] Tr=Tr plant *PPD*10 -3

[0020] Tr plant =V s *SA*24

[0021] SA=3.14*(D / 2) 2

[0022] Where Vs is the sap flow rate corrected by the stem flow meter, Tr is the transpiration rate per unit area of ​​rose, and Tr plant is the transpiration of a single rose plant, PPD is the rose population density, SA is the sapwood area, and D is the diameter of the flower stem.

[0023] Further, the calculation of water utilization efficiency includes:

[0024] Water use efficiency (WUE) is often used to define the relationship between crop biomass and the amount of water involved in crop production, expressed as crop biomass per unit of water. Water use efficiency (WUE) is considered an important indicator for quantifying the impact of irrigation scheduling decisions on water resource management:

[0025]

[0026] WUE in the formula b is the water use efficiency calculated based on biomass, B is the dry matter accumulation, and Tr is the transpiration of rose;

[0027] Normalized water productivity WP* is constant under certain climatic conditions and has negligible response to water stress when not limited by soil nutrients. It is expressed as crop biomass per unit of transpiration:

[0028]

[0029] Where B is the dry matter accumulation, Tr is the transpiration of rose, and ET0 is the transpiration of reference crops, calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation.

[0030] Furthermore, the water potential of the cut rose is measured using a water potential instrument. The water potential indicates whether the rose plant is short of water during measurement. The measurement range of the water potential instrument is generally -0.01 MPa to -10.00 MPa.

[0031] Furthermore, the method of obtaining the nitrogen content of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation conditions includes:

[0032] The nitrogen content of the plants was measured using the Kjeldahl method, and the nitrogen use rate and nitrogen content were calculated;

[0033] Calculate the total nitrogen content required for one cycle of rose cut flowers;

[0034] Protein content = nitrogen content / 16%

[0035]

[0036] Where X is the percentage of protein in the sample, V1 is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the sample, V2 is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the reagent blank, N is the equivalent concentration of the sulfuric acid standard solution, m is the mass of the sample, and F is the coefficient for converting nitrogen to protein.

[0037] Furthermore, the optimization of the Aqua Crop rose model specifically includes:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Where RMSE is the root mean square error, EF is the model efficiency, and CRM is the residual mass coefficient; Mi represents the measured values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; Si represents the simulated values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; n is the number of measurements, represents the average measurement value;

[0042] RMSE gives the relative difference between the simulated data and the observed data. When the value of RMSE is close to zero, the simulation is considered to be excellent; EF represents the relative size of the variance of the residual and the observed data. The higher the value of EF is, the closer it tends to 1, indicating a better match between the model and the measured data. On the contrary, when EF is zero or negative, it means that the simulation effect using the model is poor. CRM shows the tendency of the model to overestimate or underestimate the measured values. A positive value of CRM indicates underestimation, and a negative value of CRM indicates overestimation.

[0043] The water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0044] The present invention selects fresh cut roses as experimental materials, relies on drip irrigation soilless cultivation technology, and uses stem flow instruments and water potential instruments to carry out comprehensive observations with transpiration and water potential changes and nitrogen content determined by the Kjeldahl method as core indicators, as well as the influence of different meteorological factors on the water consumption of roses. The method explores and studies the water change pattern of roses in different growth periods and the required total nitrogen content, and adjusts the parameters of the rose model, providing theoretical support for further improving the water and fertilizer management level of roses under soilless cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring water and fertilizer in soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a stem flow measurement method for a water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a water potential measurement method for a water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0049] In one embodiment, a method for monitoring water and fertilizer in soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers is provided, the method comprising:

[0050] Step 1: Determine the fresh weight and dry weight of rose cut flowers over one growth cycle using the hanging tag method and completely randomized blocks. Destructive sampling was also used, collecting data every seven days. The fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers from upright branches were determined throughout the growth cycle. Leaf area of ​​rose cut flowers = rose length * rose width * shape factor 0.83. Dry matter accumulation was determined by drying the samples in an 80°C oven to a constant weight after leaf area and fresh weight measurements were taken. The samples were then weighed using an analytical balance.

[0051] Step 2: Randomly select rose samples from each plot at the sampling point and measure the transpiration of rose cut flowers using a stem flow instrument:

[0052] Step 2-1: Use a stem flow instrument to measure the sap flow rate (cm / hr) of a single rose plant;

[0053] Step 2-2: Calculate the daily transpiration of a single plant based on the entire sapwood area at the base of the stem (rose cuttings do not contain heartwood) and the sap flow rate within 24 hours;

[0054] Steps 2-3: Analyze plant variability, expanding from individual plant transpiration to crop transpiration;

[0055] Tr=Tr plant *PPD*10 -3

[0056] Tr plant =V s *SA*24

[0057] SA=3.14*(D / 2) 2

[0058] Where Vs (cm / hr) is the sap flow rate corrected by the stem flow meter, Tr (mm) is the transpiration per unit area of ​​rose, and Tr plant (mm) is the transpiration of a single rose plant, PPD (plantm -2 ) is the rose population density, SA (cm 2 ) is the sapwood area, and D is the diameter of the flower stem.

[0059] And calculate water use efficiency: Water use efficiency is usually used to define the relationship between crop biomass and the amount of water involved in crop production, expressed as crop biomass per unit of water; water use efficiency (WUE, gm -2 mm -1 ) is considered an important indicator to quantify the impact of irrigation scheduling decisions on water resources management:

[0060]

[0061] WUE in the formula b is the water use efficiency calculated based on biomass; B is the dry matter accumulation; Tr is the transpiration of rose;

[0062] Normalized water productivity (WP*, gm -2 d -1 ) is constant under certain climatic conditions and has negligible response to water stress when not limited by soil nutrients. It is expressed as crop biomass per unit of transpiration:

[0063]

[0064] Where B is the dry matter accumulation, Tr is the transpiration of rose, and ET0 is the transpiration of reference crops, calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation.

[0065] Step 3: Randomly select rose samples from each plot at the sampling point and use a water potential instrument to measure the water potential of the rose cut flowers: the water potential indicates whether the rose plants are short of water at the time of measurement. The measurement range of the water potential instrument is generally -0.01MPa to -10.00MPa;

[0066] Step 4: Randomly sample three rose plants from each plot at the sampling site. Using destructive sampling, sample all parts of the rose branches, including stems, buds, leaves, and petioles. Measure the fresh and dry weights of the rose branches over one growth cycle using an analytical balance, measuring every seven days. When the cut flower harvest criteria are met, sample all flowering branches during the harvest period and grade each branch according to market evaluation methods.

[0067] Step 5: Every seven days, three sampled plants were destroyed and the nitrogen content of the plants was measured using the Kjeldahl method. The nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen content were calculated. The fertilizer requirement of the rose cut flowers was then calculated based on the fertilizer requirement ratio of the rose:

[0068] Step 5-1: Use the Kjeldahl method to measure the nitrogen content of the plants and calculate the nitrogen use rate and nitrogen content;

[0069] Step 5-2: Calculate the total nitrogen content required for one cycle of rose cut flowers;

[0070] Protein content = nitrogen content / 16%

[0071]

[0072] Where X (g) is the percentage of protein in the sample, V1 (ml) is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the sample, V2 (ml) is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the reagent blank, N is the equivalent concentration of the sulfuric acid standard solution, m (g) is the mass of the sample, and F is the coefficient for converting nitrogen to protein.

[0073] Step 6: Analyze the dynamic changes of rose transpiration and water potential. Repeat steps 1 to 5 three times. The first and second times are for model establishment (measured values), and the third time is for model verification (simulated values). Use the fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content of cut roses as input to evaluate the rose model:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Where RMSE is the root mean square error, EF is the model efficiency, CRM is the residual mass coefficient; Mi represents the measured values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; Si represents the simulated values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; n is the number of measurements, represents the average measurement value;

[0078] RMSE gives the relative difference between the simulated data and the observed data. When the value of RMSE is close to zero, the simulation is considered to be excellent; EF represents the relative size of the variance of the residual and the observed data. The higher the value of EF is, the closer it tends to 1, indicating a better match between the model and the measured data. On the contrary, when EF is zero or negative, it means that the simulation effect using the model is poor. CRM shows the tendency of the model to overestimate or underestimate the measured values. A positive value of CRM indicates underestimation, and a negative value of CRM indicates overestimation.

[0079] Example

[0080] 1. Overview of the Study Area

[0081] The research area is located at the Yunnan Provincial Flower Promotion Center. The test variety was Zixia Xianzi, and the experiment lasted for three growth cycles of roses. The planting area was 5 mu, of which 2 mu was the application area and 3 mu was the control area.

[0082] 2. Experimental Design

[0083] All management measures were uniformly implemented within the study area. Basic data was collected in the application area, and parameters of the rose model, Aqua Crop, were adjusted. The accuracy of the model simulation was evaluated using the root mean square error and goodness of fit between the measured and simulated values. The rose Aqua Crop model was used to simulate and analyze the effects of different growth stages and atmospheric conditions on rose transpiration, thereby accurately predicting the optimal time for water and fertilizer irrigation.

[0084] 3. Test results

[0085] On a daily timescale, rose transpiration exhibits a pattern of increasing first and then decreasing. Daytime transpiration is relatively constant, while some transpiration still occurs at night due to root pressure. During the rose growing season, both the transpiration rate and the transpiration per unit area decrease monthly from summer to winter.

[0086] Daily transpiration of roses is closely related to meteorological factors. Within a suitable range, increased radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and temperature increase transpiration. The transpiration rate of roses changes in the opposite direction to relative humidity, weakening with increasing relative humidity. Transpiration increases as stem water potential decreases. Low temperature stress increases stem water potential and reduces transpiration rate. Long-term low temperatures can lead to a continuous decline in transpiration.

[0087] During a complete growth cycle, the normal nitrogen content of rose leaves ranges from about 4%. Nitrogen content in rose leaves varies significantly from year to year. During the spring and summer, when growth is rapid, nitrogen content in plant leaves drops below 3% due to growth dilution. Leaf nitrogen content is correlated with the developmental cycle of flower branches. Early branch growth during flower branch development primarily relies on stored nitrogen. During bud germination and rapid branch elongation, the plant's nitrogen absorption capacity declines rapidly. During this period of rapid branch elongation, the nitrogen absorbed and supplied to the developing branches accounts for 16-36% of the total branch nitrogen. The remainder comes from stored nitrogen in other organs, particularly older branches and leaves. Later in flower branch development, nitrogen absorption is sufficient to meet the needs of flower branch growth and replenish nitrogen to older leaves and lignified tissues. These organs continue to accumulate nitrogen until axillary buds emerge, providing for the development of the next flower branch.

[0088] There were three experiments in total, the first two were simulation models and the last one was model verification. The Aqua Crop model had a good overall simulation effect on the transpiration water consumption of roses. The simulation of the water productivity and water use efficiency of roses was close to the actual values, and it can be used to evaluate and predict the overall water demand characteristics and water use of roses.

[0089] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring water and fertilizer in soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers, characterized in that: include: Obtain the fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation conditions during one growth cycle; The method of obtaining the leaf area of ​​the rose cut flower under soilless cultivation conditions during one growth cycle includes: leaf area of ​​the rose cut flower = length of the rose cut flower * width of the rose cut flower * shape coefficient 0.83; Measure the transpiration rate of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle; and calculate the water use efficiency based on the dry matter accumulation and transpiration rate; Determine the water potential of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle; Determine the nitrogen content of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle; and obtain the fertilizer requirement of rose cut flowers based on the fertilizer requirement ratio of rose cut flowers; The method of measuring the nitrogen content of rose cut flowers in one growth cycle comprises: The nitrogen content of the plants was measured using the Kjeldahl method, and the nitrogen use rate and nitrogen content were calculated; Calculate the total nitrogen content required for one cycle of rose cut flowers; ； .； Where X is the percentage of protein in the sample, V1 is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the sample, V2 is the volume of sulfuric acid consumed by the reagent blank, N is the equivalent concentration of the sulfuric acid standard solution, m is the mass of the sample, and F is the coefficient for converting nitrogen to protein; The dynamic changes in transpiration and water potential of rose cut flowers at different growth stages were analyzed. The fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content of rose cut flowers were used as inputs for the Aqua Crop rose model, which was then optimized. The water and fertilizer conditions of rose cut flower soilless cultivation were regulated based on the optimized Aqua Crop rose model. The optimization of the Aqua Crop rose model specifically includes: ； ； ； Where RMSE is the root mean square error, EF is the model efficiency, and CRM is the residual mass coefficient; Mi represents the measured values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; Si represents the simulated values ​​of fresh weight of cut roses, dry weight of cut roses, leaf area of ​​cut roses, dry matter accumulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, water potential, and nitrogen content; n is the number of measurements, represents the average measurement value; RMSE gives the relative difference between the simulated data and the observed data. When the value of RMSE is close to zero, the simulation is considered to be excellent; EF represents the relative size of the variance of the residual and the observed data. The higher the value of EF is, the closer it tends to 1, indicating a better match between the model and the measured data. On the contrary, when EF is zero or negative, it means that the simulation effect using the model is poor. CRM shows the tendency of the model to overestimate or underestimate the measured values. A positive value of CRM indicates underestimation, and a negative value of CRM indicates overestimation.

2. The water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of Chinese rose cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The method of obtaining the fresh weight and dry weight of rose cut flowers grown under soilless cultivation conditions includes: taking all parts of rose branches using a destructive sampling method, and measuring the fresh weight and dry weight of the rose branches over one growth cycle using an analytical balance.

3. A water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers under soilless cultivation conditions includes: after measuring the leaf area and fresh weight, the sample is fixed in an oven at 80° C., dried to a constant weight, and then weighed using an analytical balance.

4. A water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The transpiration rate of the cut rose is measured using a stem flow instrument, and the specific steps include: The sap flow rate of a single rose plant was measured using a stem flow instrument; The daily transpiration of a single plant was calculated based on the total sapwood area at the stem base and the sap flow rate over 24 hours; The analysis of plant variability was extended from individual plant transpiration to crop transpiration; ； ； ； Where Vs is the sap flow rate corrected by the stem flow meter, Tr is the transpiration rate per unit area of ​​rose, and Tr plant is the transpiration of a single rose plant, PPD is the rose population density, SA is the sapwood area, and D is the diameter of the flower stem.

5. A water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless culture of rose cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of water use efficiency includes: Water use efficiency (WUE) is often used to define the relationship between crop biomass and the amount of water involved in crop production, expressed as crop biomass per unit of water. Water use efficiency (WUE) is considered an important indicator for quantifying the impact of irrigation scheduling decisions on water resource management: ； In the formula, WUE b is the water use efficiency calculated based on biomass, B is the dry matter accumulation, and Tr is the transpiration of rose; Normalized water productivity WP * It is constant under certain climatic conditions and has negligible response to water stress when not limited by soil nutrients. It is expressed as crop biomass per unit of transpiration: ； Where B is the dry matter accumulation, Tr is the transpiration of rose, and ET0 is the transpiration of the reference crop, calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation.

6. A water and fertilizer monitoring method for soilless cultivation of rose cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water potential of the cut rose is measured using a water potential instrument. The water potential indicates whether the rose plant is short of water during measurement. The measurement range of the water potential instrument is -0.01 to -10.00 MPa.

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