Experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration

Abstract

The experimental device for the dynamic response of tunnels and overlying strata under deep vibration provided by the present invention effectively solves the problem of experimental simulation of the tunnel settlement mechanism under the action of earthquake wave vibration in the lower part of the tunnel. In addition, the device can also carry out research on the settlement mechanism and laws of tunnels in strata with different inclination angles under simulated earthquake effects. The technical solution is to include a settlement simulation box, an angle adjustment device and an angle fixing device in the settlement simulation box, a vibration generating device, a wave collection and monitoring device, and a settlement monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an experimental device, in particular to an experimental device for dynamic response of a tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of economic road networks, tunnel projects are increasing in number, inevitably traversing seismic zones. Earthquakes pose the greatest threat to tunnels. Seismic waves propagate within the Earth's interior in two ways: longitudinal and transverse waves. P-waves, whose vibrations align with the direction of propagation, are longitudinal waves (P-waves). These waves originating from underground cause the ground to vibrate up and down. S-waves, whose vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, are transverse waves (S-waves). These waves originating from underground can cause horizontal ground shaking. Therefore, earthquake vibration simulations must consider both horizontal and vertical vibrations to simulate real-world motion.

[0003] Tunnels are constructed underground, and their dynamic response characteristics to deep vibrations, such as earthquakes, differ from those of above-ground structures. Therefore, conducting model tests to investigate the dynamic effects of deep vibration loads on tunnel perimeters and overlying strata is of high practical engineering significance. Currently, a device is needed to experimentally simulate the settlement mechanisms and patterns of tunnels and overlying strata under the influence of vibrations, such as seismic waves, beneath tunnels. Furthermore, this device should be able to experimentally simulate the settlement mechanisms and patterns of tunnels and overlying strata in strata with varying inclinations under seismic loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an experimental device for the dynamic response of tunnels and overlying strata under deep vibration, which effectively solves the problem of the influence of simulation layers with different inclination angles in the process of simulating tunnel settlement experiments, and in the experimental stage after filling, it cannot be guaranteed that the inclination angle of the simulation layer is the angle required for the experiment, and at the same time, a greater vibration force can be obtained in a small space. The technical solution is to include a sensor, which is characterized in that it also includes a settlement simulation box for carrying each simulation layer and each sensor, the left side of the lower end face of the settlement simulation box is rotatably connected to the left side of the upper end face of the support seat, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the settlement simulation box, and the rotating shaft extends out of the support seat and is fixedly connected to an angle pointer, and the settlement simulation box consists of a square bottom plate, a front baffle fixedly connected to the front side of the bottom plate, and a fixed connection The rear baffle is connected to the rear side of the lower base plate, and arc grooves penetrating the front baffle and the rear baffle are provided on the left and right sides of the lower base plate, and rotating rods are rotatably connected in the arc grooves, and the rotating rods are fixedly connected with inclined plates, the width of the inclined plate is the same as the distance between the rear side of the front baffle and the front side of the rear baffle, the rotating rods extending out of the front baffle are fixedly connected with a pointer perpendicular to the axis of the rotating rod, a dial matched with the pointer is fixedly connected to the front baffle, and the upper end of the inclined plate is rotatably connected with a parallel rod, and support plates are fixedly connected between the front baffle and the rear baffle on the left side of the left inclined plate and the right side of the right inclined plate respectively, an inclined plate angle adjustment device is provided between the left support plate and the left inclined plate, and an inclined plate angle fixing device is provided between the right support plate and the right inclined plate, and a hydraulic jack is provided between the right side of the lower bottom surface of the lower base plate and the right side of the support seat.

[0005] The experimental device for the dynamic response of tunnels and overlying strata under the action of deep vibration is characterized in that it also includes a deep vibration simulation device for simulating deep vibration, wherein the deep vibration simulation device includes a vibration box body fixedly connected to the bottom and upper surfaces of the settlement simulation box, a support frame fixedly connected inside the vibration box, a bidirectional motor fixedly connected to the support frame, two ends of the bidirectional motor respectively extending outwards are fixedly connected to shafts with worms, a worm fixedly connected to the vibration box body and rotatably connected to the worm wheel, the worm is coaxially fixedly connected to a first gear, each first gear is respectively matched with a second gear rotatably connected to the vibration box body, the front and rear ends of the support frame are respectively fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, a rotatably connected eccentric block is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft is coaxially extended outwards from the eccentric block, a third gear is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, and each third gear is connected to the corresponding second gear via a synchronous belt and moves synchronously.

[0006] Preferably, the tilting plate angle adjustment device includes a threaded sleeve longitudinally rotatably connected to the left support plate, a threaded adjustment rod rotatably connected inside the threaded sleeve, the right end of the threaded adjustment rod is rotatably connected to the left connecting sleeve, the left end of the left connecting sleeve is rotatably connected to the right end of the threaded adjustment rod, and the right end of the left connecting sleeve is longitudinally rotatably connected to the left side of the left tilting plate.

[0007] Preferably, the tilt plate angle fixing device includes a positioning sleeve that is longitudinally rotated and connected to the right support plate, a plurality of latch teeth are evenly spaced on the inner side surface of the positioning sleeve, a positioning rod is slidably connected in the positioning sleeve, and a block that cooperates with the latch teeth in the positioning sleeve is fixed on the positioning rod. When the block and the latch teeth are misaligned, the positioning rod and the positioning sleeve are slidably connected. When the positioning rod is rotated ninety degrees, the block and the latch teeth cooperate and prevent the positioning rod and the positioning sleeve from sliding.

[0008] Preferably, the left end of the positioning rod is rotatably connected to a right connecting sleeve, the left end of the right connecting sleeve is longitudinally rotatably connected to the right side of the right inclined plate, and the right end of the right connecting sleeve is rotatably connected to the left end face of the positioning rod.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating rod rotatably connected in the arc groove is in sealed rotational connection with the arc groove, and the inclined plate fixedly connected to the rotating rod is in sealed sliding connection with the front baffle and the rear baffle.

[0010] Preferably, the parallel rods are composed of a front parallel rod and a rear parallel rod, the left end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally rotationally connected to the front end of the upper end of the left inclined plate, the right end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally rotationally connected to the front end of the upper end of the right inclined plate, the left end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally rotationally connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the left inclined plate, and the right end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally rotationally connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the inclined plate. The upper end surfaces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are always maintained in the same plane, and the front side surfaces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are parallel.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic jack is located in a receiving groove opened downward on the right side of the upper end surface of the support seat, the upper end of the hydraulic jack is longitudinally rotationally connected to the right side of the lower bottom surface of the lower base plate, and the lower end of the hydraulic jack is longitudinally rotationally connected to the lower bottom surface of the receiving groove.

[0012] Preferably, an opening for excavating a tunnel is provided on the rear baffle.

[0013] Preferably, in addition to the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, the stratum is also provided with a vibration sensor for detecting stratum fluctuations.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: solving the following problems; 1. The problem of accurately adjusting the inclination angle of the settlement simulation box during use; 2. The inclination angle can be accurately reflected during the adjustment process, and the inclination angle of the inclined plate is adjusted to be consistent with the inclination angle of the simulation box, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the experimental data; 3. The inclination angle of the settlement simulation box and the support angle of the inclined plate can be compared; 4. The inclined plates on the left and right sides always remain in a vertical state during the experiment; 5. During the process of filling the simulation layer, the simulation box can be adjusted to the angle during the experiment first, and then the experimental simulation layer is filled, so that the angle and thickness of the filled simulation layer are consistent with the thickness of the simulation layer required during the experiment; 6. When setting the sensor, keeping the sensor parallel to the inclined plate at all times can ensure that the sensor is in a vertical state during the experiment, making the experimental data more accurate; 7. A larger vibration force can be obtained in a small space; 8. The vibration is generated by synchronously rotating and vibrating through multiple eccentric blocks, which can avoid the problem of large vibration motors being too large; 9. The space occupied by the vibration source is effectively reduced, and a larger experimental space is reserved for the experimental stratum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged view of the overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is the second viewing angle of the overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged view of the second viewing angle B area of the overall schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a top view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the deep vibration simulation device of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals

[0023] 1. Support seat, 2. Hydraulic jack, 3. Settlement simulation box, 4. Rotating shaft, 5. Angle pointer, 6. Lower base plate, 7. Front baffle, 8. Rear baffle, 9. Arc groove, 10. Rotating rod, 11. Tilt plate, 12. Dial, 13. Parallel rod, 14. Support plate, 15. Tilt plate angle adjustment device, 16. Tilt plate angle fixing device, 17. Threaded sleeve, 18. Threaded adjustment rod, 19. Left connecting sleeve, 20. Positioning sleeve, 21. Gear, 22. Positioning rod, 23. Block, 24. Right connecting sleeve, 25. Receiving groove, 26. Tunnel excavation opening, 27. Vibration box, 28. Support frame, 29. Bidirectional motor, 30. Eccentric block, 31. First gear, 32. Second gear, 33. Rotating shaft, 34. Third gear, 35. Synchronous belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is combined with Figure 1-7 The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.

[0025] When using this embodiment, first place the support base 1 of the experimental device on a horizontal hard ground. At this time, adjust the hydraulic jack 2 to lift the right end of the settlement simulation box 3 to the angle required for the experiment. At this time, the angle pointer 5 fixedly connected to the forward side extension part of the left side of the lower end face of the settlement simulation box 3 and the rotation connection part of the support base 1 indicates the tilt angle of the settlement simulation box 3 at this time. Then, after the pointer indicates the required angle, stop the hydraulic jack 2 and keep the hydraulic jack 2 in place. At this time, adjust the threaded adjustment rod 18 on the tilt angle adjustment device on the left side of the left tilt plate 11 so that the tilt angle of the tilt plate 11 is rotated to be consistent with the tilt angle of the settlement simulation box 3. Since the upper ends of the tilt plates 11 on the left and right sides are rotatably connected to the parallel rods 13, the parallel rods 13 keep the tilt angles of the tilt plates 11 on the left and right sides always the same. Then rotate the tilt angle fixing device ninety degrees to fix the angle of the tilt plate 11. At this time, place the sensor at the position to be measured. The direction of the sensor should be parallel to the tilt plate 11. Turn on the power of the sensor and connect it to the computer. At this time, start to move step by step. The settlement simulation layer is laid layer by layer. When the first layer is laid, its upper surface is consistent with the horizontal plane. After laying, the simulation layer is leveled and compacted, and then the simulation layer above it is filled. After filling in sequence, the hydraulic jack 2 is lowered and the settlement simulation device is placed for three to five days. The experiment is started after the stratum is relatively stable. During the experiment, the hydraulic jack 2 is connected to the hydraulic pump. The right end of the simulation box rises upward under the action of the hydraulic pressure, and the simulation box is tilted as a whole. When the tilt angle of the simulation box is adjusted to the same angle as the tilt plate 11, the hydraulic jack 2 is stopped. Action, and keep the hydraulic jack 2 in place, at this time turn on the power of the sensor and connect it to the information processing computer, open the tunnel excavation opening 26 and simulate tunnel excavation, and monitor the data sent back by the sensor in real time. After collecting the experimental data, empty the materials in the simulation box, retract the sensor, and then return the hydraulic jack 2 to its original position, then rotate the tilting plate angle fixing device 16 counterclockwise to cancel the positioning of the tilting plate 11, adjust the tilting plate angle adjustment device 15 to return the tilting plate 11 to its original position, and then repeat the experiment at different tilt angles of the simulation box and collect data.

[0026] When a deep vibration simulation device is needed to simulate the data changes generated by the tunnel and overlying strata under bottom vibration, the bidirectional motor in the vibration box is energized. When the bidirectional motor is energized, the eccentric masses fixedly connected at both ends of the bidirectional motor will rotate synchronously. At the same time, the worm gears fixedly connected at both ends of the bidirectional motor will start to rotate. The rotation of the worm gear drives the worm gear matched with it to rotate. When the worm gear rotates, the first gear coaxially fixedly connected to the worm gear will rotate synchronously. The second gear meshing with the first gears at both ends will also rotate synchronously. When the second gears at both ends start to rotate, the third gears connected to the second gears via synchronous belts will start to rotate synchronously under the action of the synchronous belts. The third gears are respectively fixedly connected to the eccentric masses in the front and rear directions. When the third gears at the front and rear ends start to rotate, they will drive the coaxially fixed eccentric masses to rotate synchronously. In order to obtain greater vibration force, the initial eccentric angle positions of all eccentric masses are set to be consistent. Since the rotating connection parts of each eccentric mass are connected to the synchronous belt via gears, all eccentric masses will rotate synchronously when the eccentric mass rotates, and the vibration force is greater.

[0027] A data acquisition instrument connected to the output end of the sensor and a computer connected to the data acquisition instrument are provided, an underlying stratum simulation layer is provided, a tunnel stratum simulation layer is provided above the underlying stratum simulation layer, and multiple geological simulation layers F1, F2...Fn are provided overlying the tunnel simulation layer, and a tunnel excavation opening 26 is provided. An adjustment flange is provided on the tunnel excavation opening 26. The sensors include displacement sensors and pressure sensors, and the displacement sensors and pressure sensors are respectively connected to the corresponding data acquisition instruments through data cables. Displacement sensors and pressure sensors are provided in the multiple geological simulation layers F1, F2...Fn, and the device also includes a support seat 1 and a hydraulic jack 2.

[0028] When setting the sensor, keeping the sensor parallel to the inclined plate at all times can ensure that the sensor is in a vertical state during the experiment, making the experimental data more accurate. The name of the present invention can also be an experimental device for simulating tunnels and overlying settlement mechanisms in strata with different inclination angles.

[0029] Furthermore, the threaded adjusting rod 18 is rotated clockwise, and the threaded adjusting rod 18 moves to the right. When the threaded adjusting rod 18 moves to the right, it pushes the left connecting sleeve 19 to move to the right. When the left connecting sleeve 19 moves to the right, it pushes the left tilting plate 11 to rotate to the right and plays a real-time positioning role. When the left tilting plate 11 needs to return to its original position, the left threaded adjusting rod 18 is rotated counterclockwise, and the left tilting plate 11 returns to its original position under the pulling force of the threaded adjusting rod 18.

[0030] Furthermore, when the positioning rod 22 is not rotated, the locking teeth 21 in the positioning sleeve 20 and the locking sleeve on the positioning rod 22 are arranged alternately, and the positioning rod 22 and the positioning sleeve 20 are slidingly connected. When the positioning rod 22 is rotated ninety degrees, the block 23 on the positioning rod 22 and the locking teeth 21 in the positioning sleeve 20 are overlapped. At this time, the positioning rod 22 and the positioning sleeve 20 can only rotate under the action of external force but cannot slide, thereby playing a supporting and positioning role for the right inclined plate 11. After use.

[0031] Furthermore, when the positioning rod 22 is rotated, the connecting sleeve is rotationally connected to the positioning rod 22 , so when the positioning rod 22 rotates, the connecting sleeve is pushed to rotate due to the effect of the threaded connection.

[0032] Furthermore, the sealed rotation connection between the arc groove 9 and the rotation rod 10 is to prevent the soil structure of the simulation layer from falling and not be affected by debris during rotation.

[0033] Furthermore, the length of the parallel rod 13 is selected to be consistent with the length of the lower base plate 6, and the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 are always kept parallel to each other, forming a parallelogram structure. In this way, the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 will move simultaneously and always remain parallel when in motion. The parallel rods 13 installed at the front and rear can also play a supporting role to prevent the internal simulation layer from displacing the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 under the action of the extrusion force.

[0034] Furthermore, the hydraulic jack 2 is connected to a hydraulic pump, which is connected to a control unit. The hydraulic pump increases pressure in the hydraulic pump when it is necessary to support the lower base plate 6 to a certain angle. The hydraulic pump supports the lower base plate 6 to a certain angle, stops and locks when the specified angle is reached, so that the support plate 14 remains in a fixed position. When the lower base plate 6 needs to return to its original position, the hydraulic pump slowly descends under the control of the control unit and is accommodated in the accommodation groove 25.

[0035] Furthermore, an opening door is provided on the receiving groove 25 opened on the rear baffle 8. When it is necessary to simulate the excavation of a tunnel in the stratum, the opening door is opened, and when not in use, the opening door is closed to prevent leakage of the simulated layer.

Claims

1. Experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration, including sensors, characterized in that: The invention also includes a sedimentation simulation box (3) for carrying each simulation layer and each sensor, wherein the left side of the lower end face of the sedimentation simulation box (3) is rotatably connected to the left side of the upper end face of the support seat (1), the rotating shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the sedimentation simulation box (3), and the portion of the rotating shaft (4) extending out of the support seat (1) is fixedly connected with an angle pointer (5). The sedimentation simulation box (3) is composed of a square lower bottom plate (6), a front baffle (7) fixedly connected to the front side face of the lower bottom plate (6), and a rear baffle (8) fixedly connected to the rear side face of the lower bottom plate (6). The left side and the right side of the lower bottom plate (6) are both provided with an arc groove (9) penetrating the front baffle (7) and the rear baffle (8), and a rotating rod (10) is rotatably connected in the arc groove (9). The rotating rod (10) is fixedly connected with an inclined plate (11), and the width of the inclined plate (11) is the same as that of the front baffle ( 7) The distance between the rear side surface and the front side surface of the rear baffle (8) is the same, the rotating rod (10) extending from the front baffle (7) is fixedly connected to a pointer perpendicular to the axis of the rotating rod (10), and a dial (12) is fixedly connected to the front baffle (7) and matched with the pointer. The upper end of the tilting plate (11) is rotatably connected to a parallel rod (13), and a support plate (14) is fixedly connected between the front baffle (7) and the rear baffle (8) on the left side of the left tilting plate (11) and the right side of the right tilting plate (11). A tilting plate angle adjustment device (15) is provided between the left support plate (14) and the left tilting plate (11), and a tilting plate angle fixing device (16) is provided between the right support plate (14) and the right tilting plate (11). A hydraulic jack (2) is provided between the right side of the lower bottom surface of the lower bottom plate (6) and the right side of the support seat (1); The invention also includes a deep vibration simulation device for simulating deep vibration, wherein the deep vibration simulation device includes a vibration box (27) fixedly connected to the bottom and upper surfaces of the settlement simulation box, a support frame (28) fixedly connected to the vibration box, a bidirectional motor (29) fixedly connected to the support frame, and eccentric blocks (30) fixedly connected to the rotating shafts at both ends of the bidirectional motor. A worm is fixedly connected to the shafts extending outward at both ends of the bidirectional motor, a worm is fixedly connected to the vibration box and is rotatably connected to the worm gear, and the worm is coaxially fixedly connected to a first gear (31), and each first gear is respectively gear-matched with a second gear (32) rotatably connected to the vibration box. The front and rear ends of the support frame are respectively fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (33), an eccentric block is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft is coaxially extended outward from the eccentric block, and a third gear (34) is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft. Each third gear is connected to the corresponding second gear via a synchronous belt (35) and moves synchronously.

2. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnels and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tilting plate angle adjustment device (15) comprises a threaded sleeve (17) longitudinally rotatably connected to the left support plate (14), a threaded adjustment rod (18) rotatably connected in the threaded sleeve (17), a right end of the threaded adjustment rod (18) rotatably connected to a left connecting sleeve (19), a left end of the left connecting sleeve (19) rotatably connected to the right end of the threaded adjustment rod (18), and a right end of the left connecting sleeve (19) longitudinally rotatably connected to the left side of the left tilting plate (11).

3. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tilt plate angle fixing device (16) includes a positioning sleeve (20) connected to the right support plate (14) by longitudinal rotation, a plurality of latch teeth (21) are evenly spaced on the inner side surface of the positioning sleeve (20), a positioning rod (22) is slidably connected in the positioning sleeve (20), a clamping block (23) is fixed on the positioning rod (22) and matches the latch teeth (21) in the positioning sleeve (20), when the clamping block (23) and the latch teeth (21) are misaligned, the positioning rod (22) and the positioning sleeve (20) are slidably connected, and when the positioning rod (22) rotates ninety degrees, the clamping block (23) and the latch teeth (21) match and prevent the positioning rod (22) and the positioning sleeve (20) from sliding.

4. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The left end of the positioning rod (22) is rotatably connected to a right connecting sleeve (24), the left end of the right connecting sleeve (24) is longitudinally rotatably connected to the right side surface of the right inclined plate (11), and the right end of the right connecting sleeve (24) is rotatably connected to the left end surface of the positioning rod (22).

5. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating rod (10) rotatably connected in the arc groove (9) is in sealed rotational connection with the arc groove (9), and the inclined plate (11) fixedly connected to the rotating rod (10) is in sealed sliding connection with the front baffle (7) and the rear baffle (8).

6. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The parallel rod (13) is composed of a front parallel rod and a rear parallel rod. The left end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally rotatably connected to the front end of the upper end of the left inclined plate (11), the right end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally rotatably connected to the front end of the upper end of the right inclined plate (11), the left end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally rotatably connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the left inclined plate (11), and the right end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally rotatably connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the inclined plate (11). The upper end surfaces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are always kept in the same plane, and the front side surfaces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are parallel.

7. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic jack (2) is located in a receiving groove (25) opened downward on the right side of the upper end surface of the support seat (1), and the upper end of the hydraulic jack (2) is longitudinally rotatably connected to the right side of the lower bottom surface of the lower base plate (6), and the lower end of the hydraulic jack (2) is longitudinally rotatably connected to the lower bottom surface of the receiving groove (25).

8. The experimental device for dynamic response of tunnel and overlying strata under deep vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rear baffle (8) is provided with a tunnel excavation opening (26).

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