Automotive glass composition, article, and hybrid laminate

Abstract

Embodiments of glass articles comprising a relationship of annealing point (°C) and softening point (°C), and (annealing point + softening point) / 2 in a range from about 625 °C to about 725 °C are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises a glass composition comprising Si02 in a range from about 63 mol% to about 75 mol%, AI2O3 in a range from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, R2O in an amount from about 13 mol% to about 24 mol%, P2O5 in a range from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, and one or both of MgO and ZnO. Laminate articles comprising such glass articles and methods of making such laminate articles are also disclosed.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application number 201880041567.X, filed on June 22, 2018, entitled "Automotive Glass Compositions, Articles and Composite Laminates".

[0002] Cross-references to related applications

[0003] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62 / 523,395, filed June 22, 2017, pursuant to 35 U.S.SC §119, the contents of which form the basis of this application and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0004] This disclosure relates to glass compositions and laminates, and more specifically, to glass compositions, glass articles and laminates that exhibit bending properties for use in automotive and construction applications.

[0005] Glass is used for windows due to its optical transparency and durability. Automotive and architectural windows (or glass windows) can comprise a single piece of glass (sheet) called a monolith, or a stack comprising two pieces of glass (sheets) with an intermediate layer of polymer material between them. Such glass windows can serve as windshields, side panels, rear windows, sunroofs, and the like in automotive applications. Similar glass windows can be used in architectural applications for buildings, panels, walls, and the like.

[0006] like Figure 1AAs shown, a method for manufacturing curved or shaped stacked glass windows includes: forming two glass articles 10A, 10B (typically soda-lime glass (SLG) sheets manufactured via float glass), cutting and finishing the glass articles 20A, 20B, placing one glass article on top of the other, and heating the stack of glass articles to a temperature at which the glass together sag to the desired shape (“sag temperature”). As used herein, “sag temperature” refers to the temperature at which the logarithmic viscosity of the glass article is 9.9 poise. The sag temperature is determined by fitting the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) equation to annealing point data measured using bent bundle viscosity (BBV) and to softening point data measured by fiber elongation: Log h = A + B / (TC), where T is the temperature, A, B, and C are fitting constants, and h is the dynamic viscosity. When glass articles are stacked on top of each other and sag together, the process is referred to as “paired sag”30. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes: separating two pairs of drooping glass articles (typically after the formed stack has cooled), applying an interlayer between the two glass articles, and heating the three-layer stack (including the two pairs of drooping glass articles and the interlayer) to form a laminate 50. The individual soda-lime glass (SLG) articles in this laminate typically have a thickness of about 1.6 mm or greater, or about 2.1 mm or greater.

[0007] There is a trend toward using lightweight laminated glazing (SLAG) windows to improve fuel economy. New window designs include a thicker outer glazing pane and a thinner inner glazing pane. In one configuration, the thicker pane is SLG, and the thinner pane is tempered glass. SLG panes can be annealed but not strengthened to an acceptable level to compensate for the reduction in strength caused by the thinner thickness. For example, even when chemically strengthened, SLG panes do not exhibit sufficient strength properties (in terms of compressive stress and compressive stress depth).

[0008] Hot tempering is typically used to strengthen thick monolithic glass articles and has the advantage of forming a deep compressive layer on the glass surface (typically 21% of the total glass thickness); however, the magnitude of the compressive stress is relatively low (typically less than 100 MPa). Furthermore, hot tempering becomes increasingly ineffective for thin glass articles (i.e., those with a thickness of less than 2 mm). Therefore, the standard hot tempering process is suitable for strengthening SLG articles with a thickness of approximately 3 mm, but not for thin SLG articles. Additionally, SLG articles have poor chemical strengthening properties.

[0009] Aluminosilicate glass articles are particularly suitable as thinner glass articles (especially those that meet the optical requirements of modern windows). In particular, aluminosilicate glass compositions can be formed into very thin glass articles via a draw process (e.g., a melt-forming process). Furthermore, aluminosilicate glass articles can be strengthened (specifically chemically strengthened) to exhibit a wide range of compressive stresses (e.g., up to or even exceeding 1000 MPa) and deep compressive stress depths (e.g., up to or even exceeding 18% or 20% of the thickness of the glass article).

[0010] It is known that aluminosilicate glasses tend to exhibit higher viscosity relative to SLG products at the SLG sag temperature (i.e., the temperature at which SLG typically sags). Therefore, this viscosity difference refers to the fact that known aluminosilicate glass products must sag individually (e.g., ...). Figure 1B As shown), they cannot sag in pairs, thus increasing the cost of the entire manufacturing process. Specifically, Figure 1B This illustrates a method for manufacturing laminated glass windows when glass articles cannot be draped in pairs, incorporating an additional step of draping the glass articles individually, rather than a single draping step. Specifically, the method includes: forming two glass articles 10A and 10B; cutting and finishing the glass articles 20A and 20B; and heating each glass article to a draping temperature to drape each glass article individually into the desired shapes 30A and 30B. Due to the individual draping step, [the method utilizes...] Figure 1B This method may result in a shape mismatch between two glass artifacts. Furthermore, using two separate relaxation steps requires twice the energy and time.

[0011] Therefore, there is a need for a thin glass article that can drape in pair with another glass article, the composition of which may be different, can be strengthened to a sufficient degree, and optionally be fused-formed. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This disclosure relates to glass compositions and glass articles having such glass compositions, which can be paired with different glass articles, including glass articles formed by non-melting processes and glass articles made from SLG compositions. In some embodiments, the glass composition may be melt-formed or melt-shaped into a glass article. In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be strengthened or reinforced. Laminates including such glass articles and methods of forming such laminates are also disclosed.

[0013] A first aspect of this disclosure relates to a glass article comprising a glass composition comprising, in an amount ranging from about 63 mol% to about 75 mol% of SiO2, in an amount ranging from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol% (or about 8 mol% to about 11 mol%) of Al2O3, in an amount ranging from about 13 mol% to about 24 mol% of R2O, and in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol% of P2O5. Unless otherwise stated, R2O refers to the total amount of alkali metal oxides including Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises one or both of MgO and ZnO. When the glass composition comprises MgO, the amount of MgO present ranges from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%. In some embodiments, the amount of MgO present ranges from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%. When the glass composition comprises ZnO, the amount of ZnO present ranges from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%. In some implementations, the amount of ZnO present ranges from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%.

[0014] One or more embodiments of the glass composition may include Na₂O in an amount ranging from about 12 mol% to about 18 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes K₂O in an amount ranging from about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition further includes CaO in an amount ranging from about 0.01 mol% to about 4 mol%.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the glass article includes an annealing point temperature (°C) and a softening point temperature (°C), and the relationship between half of the combination of the annealing point temperature and the softening point temperature ((annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2) ranges from about 625°C to about 725°C. In some embodiments, the relationship of (annealing point + softening point) / 2 of the glass article is equal to or less than about 700°C. In some embodiments, the glass article includes a temperature (°C) at a viscosity of 200 poise (T). 200 ) and temperature (°C) at a viscosity of 35,000 poise (T) 35000 ), and the differences between them (T) 200 -T 35000 The size ranges from about 400°C to about 600°C. In one or more embodiments, the glass article includes T. 200 The relationship between (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 and T is... 200 The difference is less than -800°C. In some embodiments, the glass article includes T 35000 The relationship between (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 and T is... 35000 The difference between them is less than -300°C. Glass articles according to one or more embodiments include T 200Value, T 35000 Value, or greater than approximately 1030℃, T 200 and T 35000 Value. In one or more embodiments, the glass article may include a sag temperature ranging from about 620°C to about 720°C.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the glass article (or the glass composition used to form the glass article) has a liquidus viscosity greater than about 100 kpoll (kP). In some cases, the glass article (or the glass composition used to form the glass article) has a zircon decomposition viscosity less than about 35 kP.

[0017] Glass articles can be strengthened according to one or more embodiments. In some cases, as described herein, the glass articles are melt-formed.

[0018] A second aspect of this disclosure relates to a glass article comprising a glass composition including more than 2 mol% Al₂O₃, wherein the glass article comprises an annealing point temperature (°C) and a softening point temperature (°C), and the relationship (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 ranges from about 625°C to about 725°C. In some cases, the annealing point temperature may be lower than about 580°C. In one or more embodiments, the softening point temperature of the glass article ranges from about 725°C to 860°C.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions may include a temperature greater than about 1000°C. 35000 In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions may include a temperature greater than about 900°C. 200 In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions includes a strain point temperature of less than about 530°C.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises R2O in an amount equal to or greater than about 5 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises R2O in an amount ranging from about 5 mol% to about 20 mol%.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a specific amount of RO. Unless otherwise stated, RO refers to the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZnO, and the like). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes one or both of MgO and ZnO. In one or more embodiments, the amount of MgO ranges from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the amount of ZnO ranges from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%.

[0022] One or more embodiments of the glass composition or glass articles formed from those compositions comprise about 2.6 g / cm³. 3 Or even lower density. In some cases, glass products can be strengthened. In some cases, glass products are melt-formed.

[0023] A third aspect of this disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; and a glass article disposed in the opening. The glass article comprises a glass composition including greater than 2 mol% Al₂O₃, an annealing point temperature (°C), and a softening point temperature (°C), wherein the relationship between (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 is in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C. The glass article (or the composition used to form the glass article) may have an annealing point temperature of less than about 600°C. In some cases, the glass article (or the composition used to form the glass article) further includes a strain point temperature of less than about 550°C. The glass article (or the composition used to form the glass article) may include a sag temperature in the range of about 600°C to about 700°C. The density of the glass article (or the composition used to form the glass article) may be about 2.6 g / cm³. 3 Or lower. In some embodiments, the glass article (or the composition used to form the glass article) includes a softening point in the range of about 725°C to 860°C. In some embodiments, the glass article includes a T value greater than about 1000°C. 35000 In one or more embodiments, the glass article further comprises a temperature greater than about 900°C. 200 .

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises a glass composition as otherwise described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the glass composition comprises about 16 mol% or more of R2O. In some cases, the glass composition comprises an alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 5 mol%. In some cases, the glass composition comprises a total amount of alkali metal oxides (including only Li2O, Na2O, and K2O) in the range of about 5 mol% to about 24 mol% or about 17 mol% to about 24 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass article may be strengthened. In some cases, the glass article is melt-formed.

[0025] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a laminate comprising a first glass layer, an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer, and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer and opposite to the first glass layer, wherein either or both of the first and second glass layers comprise embodiments of the glass articles described herein. In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first and second glass layers have a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer comprises embodiments of the glass articles described herein and has a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm. In some specific embodiments, the second glass layer comprises a thickness of 1.6 mm or greater. Optionally, the second glass layer differs in composition from the first glass layer (e.g., the first glass layer comprises embodiments of the glass composition described herein, while the second glass layer comprises SLG).

[0026] The fifth aspect of this disclosure relates to a laminate, including a first curved glass layer, a second curved glass layer, and an intermediate layer. The first curved glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first main surface and the second main surface. The second curved glass layer includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third main surface and the fourth main surface. The intermediate layer is disposed between the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer and is adjacent to the second main surface and the third main surface.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer includes a first sag depth of about 2 mm or greater (e.g., about 5 mm to about 30 mm), and the second curved glass layer includes a second sag depth of about 2 mm or greater (e.g., about 5 mm to about 30 mm). In one or more embodiments, the second surface forms a recessed surface, and the third surface forms a recessed surface, and vice versa.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the first sag depth is within 10% of the second sag depth, and the shape deviation between the first and second glass layers is ±5 mm or less (e.g., about ±1 mm or less, or about ±0.5 mm or less) as measured by an optical 3D scanner.

[0029] The first glass layer comprises a first viscosity, and the second glass layer comprises a second viscosity. In one or more embodiments, the first viscosity at 630°C is greater than the second viscosity at 630°C (e.g., at a temperature of about 630°C, the first viscosity is in the range of about 10 times to about 750 times the second viscosity).

[0030] In one or more embodiments, as measured by an optical distortion detector using transmission optics according to ASTM 1561, one or both of the first and fourth primary surfaces include optical distortion of less than 200 milli-diopter (or about 100 milli-diopter or less). In some embodiments, as measured by a surface stress meter according to ASTM C 1279, the third or fourth primary surface includes film tensile stress of less than 7 MPa (e.g., about 5 MPa or less, or about 3 MPa or less).

[0031] According to one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer comprises the glass article described herein. The first thickness may be less than the second thickness. For example, the first thickness may be from about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, while the second thickness may range from about 1.6 mm to about 3 mm.

[0032] The first sag glass layer may exhibit a sag temperature different from the second sag temperature. The magnitude of the difference between the first and second sag temperatures is in the range of about 30°C to about 150°C. In one or more embodiments, as measured by ASTM C1652 / C1652M, the laminate exhibits substantially no visual distortion.

[0033] Optionally, the first curved glass layer is strengthened (e.g., chemically strengthened, mechanically strengthened, or thermally strengthened). The second curved glass layer may be unstrengthened or may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the second curved glass layer comprises soda-lime silicate glass.

[0034] The first curved glass layer may have a first length and a first width, either or both of which are about 0.25 meters or greater. In one or more embodiments, the second curved glass layer includes a second length within 5% of the first length and a second width within 5% of the first width. The laminate may be simply curved (as defined herein) or complexly curved (as defined herein) and may optionally serve as an automotive window or an architectural window.

[0035] On the other hand, a vehicle is described, comprising: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; and a laminate as described herein disposed within the opening. This laminate can be complexly curved.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described as mole percentages (mol%) based on oxide analysis. Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description, and those skilled in the art will understand in part from this description, or learn additional features and advantages by practicing the embodiments described herein (including the following detailed description, claims, and drawings).

[0037] The sixth aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for forming a stack. In one or more embodiments, the method includes: stacking a first glass article (which may include embodiments of the glass article described herein) and a second glass article having a different composition from the first glass article to form a stack; placing the stack on a mold; heating the stack to a temperature greater than the annealing temperature of the first glass article to form a shaped stack; and placing an intermediate layer between the first glass article and the second glass layer.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the second glass article includes a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, wherein in a stack, the second surface is adjacent to the third surface. In one or more embodiments, the second surface forms a recessed surface, and the third surface forms a recessed surface, or vice versa.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the shaped stack includes a gap between the second and third surfaces, the gap having a maximum distance of about 10 mm or less (or about 5 mm or less, or about 3 mm or less).

[0040] It should be understood that both the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the claims. Drawings are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated in and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, explain the principles and operation of various embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1A It is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing laminated glass windows using paired sags according to one or more embodiments;

[0042] Figure 1B It is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing laminated glass windows based on existing technology;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a side view of a glass article according to one or more embodiments;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a side view of a glass article according to one or more embodiments;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a side view of a laminate including glass articles according to one or more embodiments;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a side view of a laminate including glass articles according to one or more embodiments;

[0047] Figure 6 It is a side view of a laminate including glass articles according to one or more embodiments;

[0048] Figure 7 It is an exploded side view of a glass article cold-formed into another glass article according to one or more embodiments;

[0049] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A side view of the resulting cold-formed laminate;

[0050] Figure 9 This is an illustration of a vehicle comprising glass articles or laminates according to one or more embodiments;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the logarithmic viscosity curves as a function of temperature for known sodium-calcium silicate glasses compared to Examples 63, 66, and 72. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments and examples shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0053] This disclosure relates to a glass article that can be suspended in pair with another glass article having a different composition, thickness, strengthening or strengthening grade, and forming method (e.g., float forming as opposed to melt forming). In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be melt-formed or melt-formable (meaning formed using a melt process or capable of being formed using a melt process).

[0054] In most cases, automotive windows are curved or bent, rather than flat or planar. Similar curved glass can be used in architectural applications. Depending on the thickness of the glass and the desired shape, glass can be cold-formed (without heat) or thermoformed (without heating) to achieve a curved shape.

[0055] Thermoforming can include a sag process to shape glass using gravity while it is heated. In the sag step, a glass article is placed on top of another glass article to form a stack (with release layers that can be inserted) and placed on a mold. Both the stack and the mold are heated in a furnace (e.g., a box furnace or annealing furnace), where the stack is gradually heated to the sag temperature of the glass articles. During this process, gravity causes the glass articles to sag together into a curved shape.

[0056] The heating time and temperature are selected to achieve the desired degree of sag and final shape. The glass pieces are then removed from the furnace and cooled. The two glass pieces are then separated, reassembled using an interlayer between them, and heated under vacuum to seal the glass pieces and interlayer together into a laminate.

[0057] like Figure 1A As shown in step 40, the two glass articles are sag together to optimize the efficiency of the manufacturing process; however, sagning them in pairs becomes challenging when the glass articles have different sag temperatures. For example, the sag temperature of known aluminosilicate glasses is more than 80°C higher than that of SLG. Furthermore, at the corresponding sag temperatures, the viscosity of known aluminosilicate glasses is more than 200 times greater than that of typical SLG.

[0058] The first aspect of this disclosure relates to a glass article that can be sag in pair with another glass article having a different composition, thickness, strengthening grade, and forming method (e.g., float forming as opposed to melt forming). Specifically, even with a reduced thickness (e.g., less than 2.1 mm or less than 1.6 mm), embodiments of the glass article can be sag in pair with an SLG or other glass article having a lower sag temperature than known aluminosilicate glass articles. Furthermore, this glass article retains its melt-forming properties and strengthening capabilities. In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises a glass composition comprising SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 63 mol% to about 75 mol%, Al2O3 in an amount ranging from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, R2O in an amount ranging from about 13 mol% to about 24 mol% (or about 18 mol% to about 24 mol%), and P2O5 in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include one or both of MgO and ZnO. When the glass composition includes MgO, the amount of MgO present is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%. When the glass composition includes ZnO, the amount of ZnO present is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass article (or the glass composition used to form the glass article) exhibits an annealing point temperature (°C), a softening point temperature (°C), and a relationship of (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C or about 650°C to about 690°C.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as an aluminosilicate glass article or comprising an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the aluminosilicate glass composition or glass article formed therefrom comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, rather than SLG. In this respect, the amount of Al2O3 in the resulting glass composition or article is about 2 mol% or more, 2.25 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, about 2.75 mol% or more, or about 3 mol% or more.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Al2O3 included in the glass composition is greater than about 2 mol%, greater than about 5 mol%, or greater than about 6 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the range of Al2O3 included in the glass composition is greater than about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, greater than about 8 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 12 mol%, 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 10 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 9 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 10 mol%, or about 9 mol% to about 10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the amount of SiO2 included in the glass composition ranges from about 63 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 64 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 66 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 72 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 72 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 70 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 68 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 66 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 67 mol%, about 64 mol% to about 76 mol%, or about 65 mol% to about 66 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of R2O greater than or equal to about 5 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In some embodiments, the total amount of R2O included in the glass composition ranges from 5 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 6 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 24 mol%, 13 mol% to about 24 mol%, 14 mol% to about 24 mol%, 15 mol% to about 24 mol%, 16 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 17 mol% to about 24 mol%, 18 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 20 mol% to about 24 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 22 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 16 mol%, 13 mol% to about 15 mol%, 17 mol% to about 21 mol%, 18 mol% to about 20 mol%, or 19 mol% to about 21 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude Rb₂O, Cs₂O, or both Rb₂O and Cs₂O. As used herein, "substantially exclude" with respect to the composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial formulation, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include R₂O, but may include only the total amount of Li₂O, Na₂O, and K₂O (i.e., the glass composition is substantially free of Rb₂O and Cs₂O). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include R₂O, but may include only the total amount of Na₂O and K₂O (i.e., the glass composition is substantially free of Li₂O, Rb₂O, and Cs₂O). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include at least one of an alkali metal oxide selected from Li₂O, Na₂O, and K₂O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 5 mol%, greater than about 8 mol%, greater than about 10 mol%, or greater than about 12 mol%. In such an embodiment, due to the presence of alkali metal oxides, the glass composition or glass article formed therefrom can be characterized as alkali metal aluminosilicate glass.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na2O in an amount greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, greater than or equal to about 11 mol%, greater than or equal to about 12 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 14 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises Na2O in the range of about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 14 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 15 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 16 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 18 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 14 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 15 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 16 mol% to about 18 mol%, or 16 mol% to about 17 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% of K2O or less than about 3 mol% of K2O. In some cases, the amount of K2O that the glass composition may include ranges from 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 1.75 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 1.75 mol% to about 2.75 mol%, from about 1.75 mol% to about 3 mol%, or from about 2 mol% to about 3 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Li2O in the range of about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 2 mol%, or about 1 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition substantially does not contain Li2O.

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li2O. In some cases, the amount of Na2O may be greater than the combined amount of Li2O and K2O.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, the compositional relationship (i.e., R2O-Al2O3) between the amounts of R2O and Al2O3 included in the glass composition ranges from about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 5 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 10 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 9 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 7 mol%, or from about 8 mol% to about 10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises a ratio of R2O to Al2O3 (i.e., R2O:Al2O3) of about 3 or less, about 2.5 or less, or about 2 or less. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises a ratio of R2O:Al2O3 of about 1.5 to about 3. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises a composition ratio of R2O:Al2O3 ranging from about 1.6 to about 3, about 1.7 to about 3, about 1.8 to about 3, about 1.9 to about 3, about 2 to about 3, about 2.1 to about 3, about 2.2 to about 3, about 2.3 to about 3, about 2.4 to about 3, about 2.5 to about 3, about 1.5 to about 2.9, about 1.5 to about 2.8, about 1.5 to about 2.6, about 1.5 to about 2.5, about 1.5 to about 2.4, about 1.5 to about 2.2, about 1.5 to about 2, about 1.5 to about 1.9, or about 1.5 to about 1.8, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In some embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude B2O3. In one or more embodiments, the amount of B2O3 included in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.9 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, or about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include P2O5 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In some embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude P2O5. In one or more embodiments, the amount of P2O5 included in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.9 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 1.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, or about 2 mol% to about 3 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include RO in a total amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 18 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of up to about 18 mol% RO. In one or more embodiments, the amount of RO included in the glass composition is from about 0 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 10 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 9 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 8 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 18 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 10 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 9 mol%, or from about 0.1 mol% to about 8 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0072] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises CaO in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, about 4.5 mol% or less, about 4 mol% or less, about 3.5 mol% or less, about 3 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less, about 1.5 mol% or less, or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition substantially does not contain CaO. In one or more embodiments, the amount of CaO included in the glass composition is from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.75 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.25 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 5 mol%. About 0.01 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.75 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.25 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0073] In some embodiments, the amount of MgO included in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, and about 1 mol%. From about 6.5 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 2.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 3 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 3.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 4.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, or from about 2 mol% to about 4 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0074] In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZnO in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 7.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 5.5 mol%. About 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 6.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 5.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 1.5 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 2.5 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 4.5 mol%, about 3.5 mol% to 4.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 1.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, or about 2 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0075] In some embodiments, the amount of SrO included in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 2 mol%, or from about 1.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0076] In some embodiments, the amount of BaO included in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 2 mol%, or from about 1.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO2 in an amount equal to or less than about 0.25 mol%, less than about 0.24 mol%, less than about 0.22 mol%, less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, or less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the amount of SnO2 included in the glass composition ranges from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.25 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.24 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.22 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein. In some embodiments, SnO2 may be replaced by another clarifying agent, which is a polyvalent or other oxygen absorber (e.g., antimony, arsenic, iron, cerium, and the like).

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include oxides that impart color or hue to the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes oxides that prevent the glass article from discoloring when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, but are not limited to, the following oxides: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe, expressed as Fe₂O₃, wherein Fe is present in an amount of up to (and including) about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition substantially excludes Fe. In one or more embodiments, the range of Fe, expressed as Fe₂O₃, included in the glass composition is about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.9 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.9 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.7 mol%, about 0. The ranges are approximately 0.1 mol% to about 0.6 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.4 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.3 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.05 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.2 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.3 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.4 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.6 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.2 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, or about 0.4 to about 0.8 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein. In one or more embodiments, the Fe source may be oxalate / I2, Fe2O3 / I8. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of Fe expressed as Fe2O3 ranges from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.3 wt% to about 5 wt%, or from about 0.4 wt% to about 5 wt%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0080] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of Co, expressed as Co3O4, ranging from about 0.001 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.002 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.003 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.004 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.005 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.006 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.007 mol% to 0.01 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.009 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.008 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.007 mol%, about 0.001 mol% to 0.006 mol%, or about 0.001 mol% to 0.005 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therein.

[0081] The glass composition of one or more embodiments may include any one or more of NiO, V2O5 and TiO2.

[0082] When the glass composition includes TiO2, the amount of TiO2 present may be about 5 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less, or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude TiO2. When the glass composition includes NiO, the amount of NiO present may be about 0.6 mol% or less, or about 0.1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude NiO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude V2O5. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude TiO2. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may substantially exclude any two or all three of NiO, V2O5, and TiO2.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include less than about 0.9 mol% of CuO (e.g., less than about 0.5 mol%, less than about 0.1 mol%, or less than about 0.01 mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CuO.

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include less than about 0.2 mol% of Se (e.g., less than about 0.1 mol%, or less than about 0.01 mol%). In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Se.

[0085] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition (or article formed therefrom) includes a liquidus viscosity and is capable of being formed into a glass article via a particular technique. As used herein, the term “liquidus viscosity” refers to the viscosity of molten glass at a liquidus temperature, wherein the term “liquidus temperature” refers to the temperature at which crystallization first occurs as the molten glass cools from its melting temperature (or the temperature at which the last crystallization melts as the temperature increases from room temperature).

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition (or glass articles formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity greater than or equal to about 100 kpoll (kP), greater than or equal to about 500 kP, greater than or equal to about 1000 kP, greater than or equal to 5000 kP, greater than or equal to 10000 kP, greater than or equal to 15000 kP, greater than or equal to 20000 kP, greater than or equal to 25000 kP, greater than or equal to 30000 kP, or greater than or equal to 35000 kP. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition (or glass articles formed therefrom) exhibits a liquidus viscosity in the range of about 100 kP to about 50000 kP. Such a glass composition can be described as melt-formable, and the resulting glass article formed by a melt process is characterized by being melt-formable, wherein melt-formable and melt-formable respectively represent the liquidus viscosity exhibited by the glass composition or glass article. In some embodiments, melt-formed glass articles substantially lack the draw lines present in typical float-formed glass articles. The liquidus viscosity is determined by the following method. First, the liquidus temperature of the glass is measured according to ASTM C829-81 (2015), entitled "Standard Practice for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method". Next, the viscosity of the glass at the liquidus temperature is measured according to ASTM C965-96 (2012), entitled "Standard Practice for Measuring Viscosity of Glass Above the Softening Point".

[0087] The various embodiments of the glass articles described herein have glass compositions exhibiting one or more of the following: relatively low annealing point temperature, softening point temperature, sag temperature, and relatively high liquidus viscosity.

[0088] In one or more embodiments, the strain point temperature exhibited by the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions ranges from about 475°C to about 575°C. In one or more embodiments, the strain point temperature ranges from about 480°C to about 575°C, about 490°C to about 575°C, about 500°C to about 575°C, about 510°C to about 575°C, about 520°C to about 575°C, about 530°C to about 575°C, about 540°C to about 575°C, about 550°C to about 575°C, about 475°C to about 570°C, about 475°C to about 560°C, about 475°C to about 550°C, about 475°C to about 540°C, about 475°C to about 530°C, about 475°C to about 520°C, about 475°C to about 510°C, or about 475°C to about 500°C, and all ranges and subranges therein. In some cases, the strain point temperature exhibited by a glass composition or glass article formed from such compositions is below about 550°C or lower, or below about 530°C or lower. The strain point temperature is determined using the optical bending viscosity method of ASTM C598-93 (2013).

[0089] In one or more embodiments, the annealing point temperature of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions ranges from about 510°C to about 610°C. In one or more embodiments, the annealing point temperature of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions is below about 580°C. The annealing point range can be from about 520°C to about 610°C, from about 530°C to about 610°C, from about 540°C to about 610°C, from about 550°C to about 610°C, from about 560°C to about 610°C, from about 510°C to about 600°C, from about 510°C to about 590°C, from about 510°C to about 580°C, from about 510°C to about 570°C, from about 510°C to about 560°C, from about 510°C to about 550°C, from about 510°C to about 540°C, or from about 530°C to about 570°C, and all ranges and subranges therein. In some embodiments, the annealing point temperature is below about 600°C. The annealing point was determined using the light bending viscosity method of ASTM C598-93 (2013).

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the softening point temperature of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions ranges from about 725°C to 860°C. The softening point temperature can be in the range of about 730°C to about 860°C, about 740°C to about 860°C, about 750°C to about 860°C, about 760°C to about 860°C, about 770°C to about 860°C, about 780°C to about 860°C, about 790°C to about 860°C, about 800°C to about 860°C, about 725°C to 850°C, about 725°C to 840°C, about 725°C to 830°C, about 725°C to 820°C, about 725°C to 810°C, about 725°C to 800°C, about 725°C to 790°C, about 725°C to 780°C, about 725°C to 770°C, about 725°C to 760°C, or about 725°C to 750°C, and all ranges and subranges therein. The softening point temperature was determined using the parallel plate viscosity method of ASTM C1351M-96 (2012).

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the difference between the annealing point temperature and the softening point temperature exhibited by the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions is greater than about 150°C, greater than about 175°C, greater than about 200°C, or greater than about 225°C. In some embodiments, the range of the difference between the annealing point temperature and the softening point temperature is about 175°C to about 250°C, about 180°C to about 250°C, about 190°C to about 250°C, about 200°C to about 250°C, about 210°C to about 250°C, about 220°C to about 250°C, about 225°C to about 250°C, about 175°C to about 240°C, about 175°C to about 230°C, about 175°C to about 220°C, about 175°C to about 210°C, about 175°C to about 200°C, about 175°C to about 190°C, or about 200°C to about 240°C.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed therefrom exhibits a (annealing temperature + softening temperature) / 2 relationship of less than about 720°C. For example, the relationship (annealing temperature + softening temperature) / 2 may be about 710°C or lower, about 700°C or lower, about 690°C or lower, about 680°C or lower, about 670°C or lower, about 660°C or lower, or about 650°C or lower. In some cases, the range of the relationship (annealing temperature + softening temperature) / 2 is about 625°C to about 725°C, about 625°C to about 700°C, about 650°C to about 700°C, or about 675°C to about 700°C. In some embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed therefrom exhibits a (annealing temperature + softening temperature) / 2 relationship while also possessing the characteristics of aluminosilicate glass. In one or more specific embodiments, the glass composition or the glass article formed therefrom exhibits a (annealing point temperature + softening point temperature) / 2 relationship, and also includes more than about 2 mol% of Al2O3 (e.g., 2.25 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, or about 3 mol% or more).

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the Tt of the glass composition or glass articles formed from these compositions is measured by Fulcher fitting to high-temperature viscosity (HTV) data (i.e., all temperature measurements from 100 kP to 100 poise). 200 This refers to temperatures greater than approximately 900°C or greater than approximately 1200°C. For example, the T value exhibited by glass compositions or glass articles formed from these compositions. 200 The range can be about 900°C to about 1800°C, about 1000°C to about 1800°C, about 1100°C to about 1800°C, about 1200°C to about 1800°C, about 1300°C to about 1800°C, about 1400°C to about 1800°C, about 1500°C to about 1800°C, about 900°C to about 1700°C, about 900°C to about 1600°C, about 900°C to about 1500°C, about 900°C to about 1400°C, about 900°C to about 1300°C, about 900°C to about 1200°C, about 900°C to about 1100°C, about 1200°C to about 1700°C, about 1200°C to about 1600°C, about 1200°C to about 1500°C, about 1200°C to about 1400°C, or about 1500°C to about 1700°C.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, the Tt of the glass composition or glass articles formed from these compositions is measured by Fulcher fitting to high-temperature viscosity (HTV) data (i.e., all temperature measurements from 100 kP to 100 poise). 35000It is greater than approximately 1000°C. In some embodiments, the glass composition or glass articles formed from these compositions exhibit a T... 35000 It is approximately 1000°C or higher, 1010°C or higher, approximately 1020°C or higher, approximately 1030°C or higher, approximately 1040°C or higher, approximately 1050°C or higher, approximately 1060°C or higher, approximately 1070°C or higher, approximately 1080°C or higher, approximately 1090°C or higher, approximately 1100°C or higher, approximately 1110°C or higher, approximately 1120°C or higher, approximately 1130°C or higher, approximately 1140°C or higher, approximately 1150°C or higher, approximately 1160°C or higher, approximately 1170°C or higher, approximately 1180°C or higher, approximately 1190°C or higher, approximately 1200°C or higher, approximately 1210°C or higher, approximately 1220°C or higher, approximately 1230°C or higher, approximately 1240°C or higher, or approximately 1250°C or higher. 35000 The range can be about 1000°C to about 1200°C, about 1010°C to about 1200°C, about 1020°C to about 1200°C, about 1030°C to about 1200°C, about 1040°C to about 1200°C, about 1050°C to about 1200°C, about 1000°C to about 1190°C, about 1000°C to about 1180°C, about 1000°C to about 1170°C, about 1000°C to about 1160°C, about 1000°C to about 1150°C, or about 1000°C to about 1140°C.

[0095] In one or more embodiments, the temperature (T0.05) at which the viscosity of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions reaches approximately 200 kPa is measured by Fulcher fitting to HTV data. 200000 The temperature is greater than about 900°C. In some embodiments, the glass composition or glass articles formed from these compositions exhibit a temperature of T... 200000 The temperatures are approximately 910°C or higher, 920°C or higher, 930°C or higher, 940°C or higher, 950°C or higher, 960°C or higher, 970°C or higher, 980°C or higher, 990°C or higher, 1000°C or higher, 1010°C or higher, approximately 1020°C or higher, approximately 1030°C or higher, approximately 1040°C or higher, approximately 1050°C or higher, approximately 1060°C or higher, approximately 1070°C or higher, approximately 1080°C or higher, approximately 1090°C or higher, approximately 1100°C or higher, approximately 1150°C or higher, approximately 1200°C or higher, or approximately 1250°C or higher. In some embodiments, the glass composition or glass articles formed from these compositions exhibit a T... 200000The range is approximately 900°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 925°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 950°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 975°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 1000°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 1050°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 1100°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 1150°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 1200°C to approximately 1200°C, approximately 900°C to approximately 1190°C, approximately 9 00°C to about 1180°C, about 900°C to about 1170°C, about 900°C to about 1160°C, about 900°C to about 1150°C, about 900°C to about 1140°C, about 900°C to about 1130°C, about 900°C to about 1120°C, about 900°C to about 1110°C, about 900°C to about 1100°C, about 900°C to about 1050°C, or about 900°C to about 1000°C.

[0096] In some embodiments, the glass article exhibits a T 200 With T 35000 The differences (or relationships T) between them 200 -T 35000 The range of temperatures is approximately 400°C to approximately 600°C. For example, T 200 With T 35000 The range of the difference can be approximately 420°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 440°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 450°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 460°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 480°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 500°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 520°C to approximately 600°C, approximately 400°C to approximately 580°C, approximately 400°C to approximately 560°C, approximately 400°C to approximately 550°C, approximately 400°C to approximately 540°C, approximately 450°C to approximately 560°C, or approximately 460°C to approximately 560°C.

[0097] In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises the relationship (annealing point + softening point) / 2 with T 200 The difference is less than -800℃. For example, the relationship between (annealing point + softening point) / 2 and T. 200 The range of the differences is approximately -1050°C to approximately -800°C, approximately -1000°C to approximately -800°C, approximately -950°C to approximately -800°C, approximately -900°C to approximately -800°C, approximately -1050°C to approximately -850°C, approximately -1050°C to approximately -900°C, approximately -1050°C to approximately -950°C, or approximately -1050°C to approximately -1000°C.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises the relationship (annealing point + softening point) / 2 with T 35000 The difference is less than -300℃. For example, the relationship between (annealing point + softening point) / 2 and T. 35000The range of differences is approximately -500°C to approximately -300°C, approximately -475°C to approximately -300°C, approximately -450°C to approximately -300°C, approximately -425°C to approximately -300°C, approximately -400°C to approximately -300°C, approximately -500°C to approximately -325°C, approximately -500°C to approximately -350°C, approximately -500°C to approximately -375°C, or approximately -500°C to approximately -400°C.

[0099] In one or more embodiments, the glass article includes T 200 T 35000 、 or T 200 and T 35000 It is greater than about 1030°C (e.g., about 1035°C or higher, about 1040°C or higher, about 1045°C or higher, about 1050°C or higher, about 1055°C or higher, about 1060°C or higher, about 1065°C or higher, or about 1070°C or higher).

[0100] In one or more embodiments, the sag temperature of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions ranges from about 600°C to about 720°C, from about 600°C to about 700°C, or from about 620°C to about 720°C. In one or more embodiments, the sag temperature of the glass composition or glass article formed from these compositions ranges from about 605°C to about 720°C, from about 610°C to about 720°C, from about 615°C to about 720°C, from about 620°C to about 720°C, from about 625°C to about 720°C, from about 630°C to about 720°C, from about 635°C to about 720°C, from about 640°C to about 720°C, from about 645°C to about 720°C. 720°C, about 650°C to about 720°C, about 655°C to about 720°C, about 660°C to about 720°C, about 665°C to about 720°C, about 670°C to about 720°C, about 620°C to about 710°C, about 620°C to about 700°C, about 620°C to about 690°C, about 620°C to about 680°C, about 620°C to about 670°C, about 620°C to about 660°C, about 620°C to about 650°C 0°C, approximately 620°C to approximately 710°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 695°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 690°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 685°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 680°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 675°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 670°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 665°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 660°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 655°C, approximately 625°C to approximately 650°C, approximately 630°C to approximately 710°C The temperatures range from about 635°C to about 710°C, from about 640°C to about 710°C, from about 645°C to about 710°C, from about 650°C to about 710°C, from about 655°C to about 710°C, from about 660°C to about 710°C, from about 665°C to about 710°C, from about 670°C to about 710°C, from about 680°C to about 710°C, from about 685°C to about 710°C, or from about 690°C to about 710°C. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass articles formed from such composition exhibit a sag temperature in the range of about 600°C to about 700°C, while also having a total alkali metal oxide content of about 16 mol% or more (e.g., about 17 mol% or more, about 18 mol% or more, or about 19 mol% or more).

[0101] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed therefrom includes a temperature versus logarithmic viscosity profile. An example of this profile is as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition or glass article formed therefrom has a density of less than about 2.6 g / cm³ at 20°C. 3 In one or more embodiments, the density of the glass composition or the glass article formed therefrom is less than about 2.55 g / cm³.3 For example, the density of glass compositions or glass articles formed therefrom ranges from about 2.3 g / cm³. 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.32 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.34 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.35 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.36 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.38 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.4 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.42 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.44 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.45 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.46 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.48 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.5g / em 3 Approximately 2.6 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.58 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.56 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.55 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 up to approximately 2.54 g / cm 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.52 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.5 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.48 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.46 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3Approximately 2.45 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.44 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.42 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.3 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.4 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.45 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.52 g / cm³ 3 or approximately 2.48 g / cm³ 3 Approximately 2.55 g / cm³ 3 The density was determined using the buoyancy method of ASTM C693-93 (2013).

[0103] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is melt-formable and features compatibility with current melt-stretch designs requiring zircon refractory liners and hardware for isobaric tubes. In some cases, the glass composition can react with zircon, decomposing the zircon into silica dissolved in the glass and zirconium oxide forming solid inclusions that flow into the molten glass and ultimately into the final glass article. Over time, the molten glass continues to erode the zircon, and the grade or concentration of zirconium oxide inclusions in the glass increases. The temperature at which zircon in the isobaric tube decomposes into zirconium oxide and silica (also referred to herein as the "decomposition temperature" or "T") is the critical temperature at which zircon in the isobaric tube decomposes into zirconium oxide and silica. 分解 Above any temperature above the isobaric tube, the problem of zirconia inclusions (also known as "zirconia melt lines") in molten-stretched glass will not occur. In this case, the temperature used to form the glass above the isobaric tube is too low to produce zirconia, so this defect will not form in the glass. Because melting is essentially an isoviscous process, the highest temperature of the glass corresponds to a specific viscosity of the glass. In those standard molten-stretching operations known in the art, this viscosity is about 35,000 poise ("35 kPoise" or "35 kp"). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition described herein exhibits a zirconia decomposition viscosity of less than about 35 kP, while also exhibiting the other properties described herein. In particular, the glass composition described herein exhibits a zirconia decomposition viscosity in the range of about 6 kP to about 35 kP, while also exhibiting a (annealing point + softening point) / 2 relationship in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C.

[0104] Unless otherwise stated, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is expressed herein in parts per million (ppm) / °C and is presented as a value measured over a temperature range of approximately 20°C to approximately 300°C. The high-temperature (or liquid) coefficient of thermal expansion (high-temperature CTE) is also expressed in parts per million (ppm) per degree Celsius (ppm / °C) and is presented as a curve of the instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) measured in the high-temperature plateau region versus temperature. High-temperature CTE is a measurement of the volume change associated with heating or cooling of the glass through the transition zone.

[0105] In one or more embodiments, the CTE measured within a temperature range of about 20°C to about 300°C exhibited by the glass article is about 75 × 10⁻⁶. -7 ppm / ℃ or higher, or about 80×10 -7 ppm / ℃.

[0106] In some embodiments, the high temperature (or liquid) CTE exhibited by the glass article is in the range of about 75 × 10⁻⁶. -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120x10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 80 x 10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 85×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 90×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 95×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 100×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 120×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 75×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 115×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 75×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 110×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 75×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 105×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 75×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 100×10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 75×10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 95x10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 80 x 10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 100x10 -7 ppm / ℃, approximately 90x10 -7ppm / ℃ to approximately 100×10 -7 ppm / ℃, or approximately 95 × 10 -7 ppm / ℃ to approximately 100×10 -7 ppm / ℃.

[0107] In one or more embodiments, the Young's modulus of the glass article ranges from about 70 GPa to about 85 GPa, about 72 GPa to about 85 GPa, about 74 GPa to about 85 GPa, about 75 GPa to about 85 GPa, about 76 GPa to about 85 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 72 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 74 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 75 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 76 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 78 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 76 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 75 GPa, about 72 GPa to about 78 GPa, about 75 GPa to about 79 GPa, or about 70 GPa to about 77 GPa.

[0108] Reference Figure 3 The glass article 100 includes a first main surface 102 and an opposing second main surface 104, with a thickness t110 defining the distance between the first main surface and the second main surface.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, the thickness t may be about 3 mm or less (e.g., ranging from about 0.01 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 2.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, or about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm).

[0110] Glass articles can be substantially flat sheets, but other embodiments may utilize bent or otherwise shaped or sculpted articles. In some cases, glass articles may have 3D or 2.5D shapes. Additionally or alternatively, for aesthetic and / or functional reasons, the thickness of the glass article may be constant along one or more dimensions, or may vary with one or more of its dimensions. For example, the edges of the glass article may be thicker than the more central area of ​​the glass article. The length, width, and thickness dimensions of the glass article may also vary depending on the application or use of the article. In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the glass article 100A may have a wedge shape, wherein the thickness at one of the subsurfaces 106 is greater than the thickness at the opposite subsurface 108. In the case of thickness variation, the thickness range disclosed herein refers to the maximum thickness between the main surfaces.

[0111] The refractive index of glass products can range from about 1.45 to about 1.55. The refractive index values ​​used herein are relative to a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0112] A glass article can be characterized by its method of formation. For example, it can be characterized by being float-formed (i.e., formed by a float process, or float-formed) or draw-formed (i.e., formed by a draw process, or draw-formed). Specific examples of draw processes include melt-drawing or slot-drawing. Glass articles manufactured by melt-drawing are melt-formed, while glass articles formed by slot-drawing are slot-drawn.

[0113] Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein can be formed using a float process. Float-formed glass articles are characterized by a smooth surface and uniform thickness achieved by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal (typically tin). In an exemplary process, molten glass fed onto the surface of a bed of molten tin forms a floating glass ribbon. As the glass ribbon flows along the tin bath, the temperature gradually decreases until the glass ribbon solidifies into a solid glass article, which can then be lifted from the tin onto a roller. Once removed from the bath, the glass article can be further cooled and annealed to reduce internal stress. In some embodiments, the float-formed glass article exhibits a stretch line from the tin bath.

[0114] Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein can be formed using a draw process. Draw-out glass articles have a uniform thickness and a relatively pristine surface. Since the average flexural strength of a glass article is controlled by the number and size of surface defects, a pristine surface with minimal contact has higher initial strength. Furthermore, draw-out glass articles have a very flat and smooth surface, making them suitable for final applications without the need for expensive grinding and polishing.

[0115] The melt-drawing process uses a drawing trough with channels for receiving molten glass feedstock. A weir in the channel opens at the top along the length of the channel on both sides. When the channel is filled with molten material, the molten glass overflows the weir. Due to gravity, the molten glass flows down the outer surfaces of the drawing trough as two flowing glass films. These outer surfaces of the drawing trough extend downwards and inwards, joining at the lower edge of the trough. The two flowing glass films join together at this edge to form a single-flow glass article. The advantage of the melt-drawing method is that, because the two glass films flowing in the channel are molten together, the outer surface of the resulting glass article does not come into contact with any part of the equipment. Therefore, the surface properties of the melt-drawn glass article are not affected by this contact.

[0116] Some embodiments of the glass articles described herein can be formed by a slot drawing process. The slot drawing process differs from the melt drawing method. In a slow drawing process, molten raw glass is fed into a drawing trough. The bottom of the drawing trough has an open slot with nozzles extending the length of the slot. The molten glass flows through the slot / nozzle and is drawn down as a continuous glass article into the annealing zone.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, the glass articles described herein may exhibit an amorphous microstructure and may be substantially free of crystals or microcrystals. In other words, the glass articles do not include glass-ceramic materials.

[0118] In one or more embodiments, when the glass article has a thickness of 0.7 mm, the glass article exhibits a total solar transmittance of about 90% or less in the wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. For example, the range of total solar transmittance exhibited by the glass article is about 60% to about 88%, about 62% to about 88%, about 64% to about 88%, about 65% to about 88%, about 66% to about 88%, about 68% to about 88%, about 70% to about 88%, about 72% to about 88%, about 60% to about 86%, about 60% to about 85%, about 60% to about 84%, about 60% to about 82%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 78%, about 60% to about 76%, about 60% to about 75%, about 60% to about 74%, or about 60% to about 72%.

[0119] In one or more embodiments, with a thickness of 0.7 mm or 1 mm, the glass article exhibits an average transmittance of about 75% to about 85% in the wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm. In some embodiments, the range of average transmittance in this thickness and wavelength range may be about 75% to about 84%, about 75% to about 83%, about 75% to about 82%, about 75% to about 81%, about 75% to about 80%, about 76% to about 85%, about 77% to about 85%, about 78% to about 85%, about 79% to about 85%, or about 80% to about 85%. In one or more embodiments, with a thickness of 0.7 mm or 1 mm, the glass article exhibits a TT in the wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 400 nm. uv-380 or T uv-400 It is 50% or lower (e.g., 49% or lower, 48% or lower, 45% or lower, 40% or lower, 30% or lower, 25% or lower, 23% or lower, 20% or lower, or 15% or lower).

[0120] In one or more embodiments, glass articles can be strengthened to include compressive stress (CS) extending from the surface to the depth of compression (DOC). The surface (CS) region is balanced by a central portion exhibiting tensile stress (CT). At the DOC, the stress transitions from positive (compressive) stress to negative (tensile) stress; however, the compressive and tensile stress values ​​provided herein are absolute values.

[0121] In one or more embodiments, glass articles can be mechanically strengthened by utilizing the mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between portions of the article to create regions of compressive stress and a central region exhibiting tensile stress. In some embodiments, glass articles can be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature below its glass transition point and then rapidly quenching it.

[0122] In one or more embodiments, the glass article can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In an ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced or exchanged by larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments where the glass article comprises alkali metal aluminosilicate glass, the ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are alkali metal cations (e.g., Li). + Na + K + 、Rb + and Cs + Alternatively, the valence cations in the surface layer can be replaced by valence cations other than alkali metal cations (e.g., Ag). + (or similar). In such embodiments, valence ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article generate stress.

[0123] Ion exchange processes typically involve immersing glass articles in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing larger ions to exchange with smaller ions in the glass articles. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths can also be used. Furthermore, the composition of the bath can include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. Those skilled in the art will understand that parameters used in ion exchange processes include, but are not limited to, the composition and temperature of the bath, immersion time, the number of times the glass articles are immersed in the salt bath (or bath), the use of multiple salt baths, additional steps (such as annealing, cleaning, and the like), and are generally determined by the composition of the glass articles (including the structure of the articles and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass articles produced through strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. Depending on the thickness of the glass, the temperature of the bath, and the diffusivity of the glass (or monovalent ions), the temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380°C to about 450°C, while the immersion time ranges from about 15 minutes to about 100 hours. However, different temperatures and immersion times may also be used.

[0124] In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 at a temperature ranging from about 370°C to about 480°C.

[0125] In some embodiments, the glass articles may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and about 10% to about 95% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, after immersion in the first bath, the glass articles may be immersed in a second bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and / or temperatures. The immersion times in the first and second baths may differ. For example, the immersion time in the first bath may be longer than the immersion time in the second bath.

[0126] In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) at a temperature of less than about 420°C (e.g., about 400°C or about 380°C) for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.

[0127] Ion exchange conditions can be adjusted to provide a "spiking" or increase the slope of the stress distribution at or near the surface of the resulting glass article. Spiking may result in a larger surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass composition used in the glass articles described herein, this spike can be achieved through a single bath or multiple baths, wherein these baths have a single composition or a mixture of compositions.

[0128] In one or more embodiments, when more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into a glass article, different monovalent ions can be exchanged to different depths within the glass article (and generate stresses of different magnitudes at different depths within the glass article). The relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined, resulting in different characteristics of the stress distribution.

[0129] Surface stress (CS) is measured using methods known in the art, such as by using a surface stress meter (FSM) with commercially available instruments, such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurement depends on the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC) associated with the birefringence of the glass. The SOC is then measured using methods known in the art, such as the fiber and four-point bend methods (described in ASTM standard C770-98 (2013) entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference) and the bulk cylinder method. As used herein, CS can be the “maximum compressive stress”, referring to the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass article. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, and the resulting compression distribution is represented as a “buried peak.”

[0130] Depending on the strengthening method and conditions, DOC can be measured by FSM or by a Scattered Light Polarizer (SCALP) (e.g., the SCALP-04 Scattered Light Polarizer available from Glassstress Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia). When glass articles are chemically strengthened by ion exchange processing, either FSM or SCALP can be used, depending on which ions are exchanged into the glass article. In cases where stress is generated in the glass article by exchanging potassium ions, FSM is used to measure DOC. In cases where stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass article, SCALP is used to measure DOC. When stress is generated in the glass article by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions, since the exchange depth of sodium is considered to indicate DOC, while the exchange depth of potassium ions is considered to indicate a change in the magnitude of compressive stress (but not a change from compressive to tensile stress), DOC is measured by SCALP; the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass articles is measured by FSM.

[0131] In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be strengthened to exhibit a DOC (as described herein) that is a portion of the thickness t of the glass article. For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about 0.03t, equal to or greater than about 0.05t, equal to or greater than about 0.06t, equal to or greater than about 0.1t, equal to or greater than about 0.11t, equal to or greater than about 0.12t, equal to or greater than about 0.13t, equal to or greater than about 0.14t, equal to or greater than about 0.15t, equal to or greater than about 0.16t, equal to or greater than about 0.17t, equal to or greater than about 0.18t, equal to or greater than about 0.19t, equal to or greater than about 0.2t, or equal to or greater than about 0.21t. In some embodiments, the range of DOC can be about 0.03t to about 0.25t, about 0.04t to about 0.25t, about 0.05t to about 0.25t, about 0.06t to about 0.25t, about 0.07t to about 0.25t, about 0.08t to about 0.25t, about 0.09t to about 0.25t, about 0.18t to about 0.25t, about 0.11t to about 0.25t, about 0.12t to about 0.25t, or about 0.13t to about 0.25t. The range is approximately 0.14t to about 0.25t, approximately 0.15t to about 0.25t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.24t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.23t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.22t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.21t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.2t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.19t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.18t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.17t, approximately 0.03t to about 0.16t, or approximately 0.03t to about 0.15t. In some cases, the DOC may be approximately 20 μm or smaller.In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 35 μm or greater (e.g., about 40 μm to about 300 μm, about 50 μm to about 300 μm, about 60 μm to about 300 μm, about 70 μm to about 300 μm, about 80 μm to about 300 μm, about 90 μm to about 300 μm, about 100 μm to about 300 μm, about 110 μm to about 300 μm, about 120 μm to about 300 μm, about 140 μm to about 300 μm, about 150 μm to about 300 μm, about 40 μm to about 290 μm, about 40 μm to about 280 μm). μm, about 40 μm to about 260 μm, about 40 μm to about 250 μm, about 40 μm to about 240 μm, about 40 μm to about 230 μm, about 40 μm to about 220 μm, about 40 μm to about 210 μm, about 40 μm to about 200 μm, about 40 μm to about 180 μm, about 40 μm to about 160 μm, about 40 μm to about 150 μm, about 40 μm to about 140 μm, about 40 μm to about 130 μm, about 40 μm to about 120 μm, about 40 μm to about 110 μm, or about 40 μm to about 100 μm).

[0132] In one or more embodiments, the CS (which can be found on the surface or at a certain depth within the glass article) of the strengthened glass article can be about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, the maximum CT of the strengthened glass article may be about 20 MPa or greater, about 30 MPa or greater, about 40 MPa or greater, about 45 MPa or greater, about 50 MPa or greater, about 60 MPa or greater, about 70 MPa or greater, about 75 MPa or greater, about 80 MPa or greater, or about 85 MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum CT may be in the range of about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa.

[0134] In one or more specific embodiments, the glass article (having a thickness of about 1 mm or less) exhibits a surface hardness (CS) ranging from about 650 MPa to about 850 MPa and a corresponding density (DOC) ranging from about 35 micrometers to about 65 micrometers. In such embodiments, the glass article exhibits a strengthening grade (in terms of surface CS and DOC) after immersion in a molten salt bath of 100% KNO3 for less than about 8 hours, about 6 hours, or 4 hours or less. The temperature can be in the range of about 380°C to about 420°C.

[0135] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to laminates comprising the glass articles described herein. In one or more embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the laminate 200 may include a first glass layer 210 and an intermediate layer 220. The first glass layer 210 includes a glass article according to one or more embodiments, and the intermediate layer 220 is disposed on the first glass layer. Figure 5 As shown, the laminate 300 may include a first glass layer 310, an intermediate layer 320 disposed on the first layer, and a second glass layer 330 disposed on the intermediate layer 320 and opposite to the first glass layer 310. Either or both of the first and second glass layers used in the laminate may include the glass articles described herein. Figure 5 As shown, the intermediate layer 320 is disposed between the first and second glass layers and the second glass layer.

[0136] In one or more embodiments, the laminate 300 may include a first glass layer and a second glass layer, the first glass layer comprising the glass articles described herein, and the second glass layer comprising a composition different from that of the glass articles described herein. For example, the second glass layer may include soda-lime glass, alkali metal aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, alkali metal aluminum phosphosilicate glass, or alkali metal aluminum borosilicate glass. In some embodiments, both the first and second glass layers comprise the glass articles described herein and may be the same as or different from each other.

[0137] In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer include a thickness of less than 1.6 mm (e.g., 1.55 mm or less, 1.5 mm or less, 1.45 mm or less, 1.4 mm or less, 1.35 mm or less, 1.3 mm or less, 1.25 mm or less, 1.2 mm or less, 1.15 mm or less, 1.1 mm or less, 1.05 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.95 mm or less). The thickness can be as small as 0.9 mm or less, 0.85 mm or less, 0.8 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, 0.7 mm or less, 0.65 mm or less, 0.6 mm or less, 0.55 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.45 mm or less, 0.4 mm or less, 0.35 mm or less, 0.3 mm or less, 0.25 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, 0.15 mm or less, or approximately 0.1 mm or less. The lower limit of the thickness can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of either or both of the first and second glass layers ranges from about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, and about 0. The thickness can be 3 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.5 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.6 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.7 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.8 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.9 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 1 mm to about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm. In some embodiments, the first glass layer and the second glass layer have substantially the same thickness.

[0138] In some embodiments, when one of the first glass layer and the second glass layer has a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm, the thickness of the other glass layer is about 1 mm or more, or about 1.6 mm or more. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer and the second glass layer have different thicknesses. For example, when one of the first glass layer and the second glass layer has a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm, the thickness of the other glass layer is about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.75 mm or more, about 1.8 mm or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.7 mm or more, about 1.85 mm or more, about 1.9 mm or more, about 1.95 mm or more, about 2 mm or more, about 2.1 mm or more, about 2.2 mm or more, about 2.3 mm or more, about 2.4 mm or more. Large, 2.5mm or larger, 2.6mm or larger, 2.7mm or larger, 2.8mm or larger, 2.9mm or larger, 3mm or larger, 3.2mm or larger, 3.4mm or larger, 3.5mm or larger, 3.6mm or larger, 3.8mm or larger, 4mm or larger, 4.2mm or larger, 4.4mm or larger, 4.6mm or larger, 4.8mm or larger, 5mm or larger, 5.2mm or larger, 5.4mm or larger, 5.6mm or larger, 5.8mm or larger, or 6mm or larger. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first and / or second glass layer ranges from about 1.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.7 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.9 mm to about 6 mm, about 2 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.1 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.3 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 3 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.8 mm to about 6 mm, and about 1.6 mm to about 6 mm. 4mm to about 6mm, about 1.6mm to about 5.8mm, about 1.6mm to about 5.6mm, about 1.6mm to about 5.5mm, about 1.6mm to about 5.4mm, about 1.6mm to about 5.2mm, about 1.6mm to about 5mm, about 1.6mm to about 4.8mm, about 1.6mm to about 4.6mm, about 1.6mm to about 4.4mm, about 1.6mm to about 4.2mm, about 1.6mm to about 4mm, about 3.8mm to about 5.8mm, about 1.6mm to about 3.6mm, about 1.6mm to about 3.4mm, about 1.6mm to about 3.2mm, or about 1.6mm to about 3mm.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is relatively thinner than the second glass layer. In other words, the thickness of the second glass layer is greater than the thickness of the first glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the second glass layer may be more than twice the thickness of the first glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the second glass layer may range from about 1.5 times to about 2.5 times the thickness of the first glass layer.

[0140] In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer and the second glass layer may have the same thickness; however, the second glass layer is harder or has a greater hardness than the first glass layer. In a very specific embodiment, the thickness of both the first glass layer and the second glass layer is in the range of 0.2 mm to 1.6 mm.

[0141] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the laminates 200, 300 may be 6.85 mm or less, or 5.85 mm or less, wherein the thickness includes the sum of the thicknesses of the first glass layer, the second glass layer, the intermediate layer, and any other layers. In various embodiments, the thickness of the laminate may be in the range of about 1.8 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 1.8 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 1.8 mm to about 5.0 mm, or in the range of about 2.1 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.1 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.1 mm to about 5.0 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 2.4 mm to about 5.0 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or in the range of about 3.4 mm to about 5.0 mm.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, the laminates 300 and 400 exhibit at least one radius of curvature less than 1000 mm, or less than 750 mm, or less than 500 mm, or less than 300 mm. In one or more embodiments, the laminate 300 exhibits at least one radius of curvature along at least one axis that is about 10 m or less, or about 5 m or less. In one or more embodiments, the laminate 400 may have a radius of curvature of 5 m or less along at least a first axis and along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may have a radius of curvature of 5 m or less along at least a first axis and along a second axis not perpendicular to the first axis.

[0143] In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer has a first sag temperature and the second glass layer has a second sag temperature, wherein the difference between the first sag temperature and the second sag temperature is about 100°C or lower, about 90°C or lower, about 80°C or lower, about 75°C or lower, about 70°C or lower, about 60°C or lower, about 50°C or lower, about 40°C or lower, about 30°C or lower, about 20°C or lower, or about 10°C or lower.

[0144] In one or more embodiments, the first or second glass layer may use the strengthened glass article described herein. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second glass layer is unstrengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally strengthened, while the second glass layer is strengthened in a different manner (chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally) than the first glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer is chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally strengthened, while the second glass layer is strengthened in the same manner (chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally) as the first glass layer.

[0145] In one or more embodiments, the interlayer (e.g., 320) as used herein may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The interlayer (or layers thereof) may be formed of a polymer (e.g., polyvinyl butyral (PVB), sound-absorbing PBV (APVB), ionomer, vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyester (PE), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), and the like). The thickness of the interlayer may range from about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, about 0.8 mm to about 2.5 mm, about 1 mm to about 2.5 mm, or about 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm.

[0146] like Figure 6 As shown, another aspect of this disclosure relates to a laminate 400, including a first curved glass layer 410, a second curved glass layer 420, and an intermediate layer 530 disposed between the first and second curved glass layers. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer 410 includes a first main surface 412, a second main surface 414 opposite to the first main surface, a first thickness 416 defined as the distance between the first and second main surfaces, and a first sag depth 418. In one or more embodiments, the second curved glass layer 420 includes a third main surface 422, a fourth main surface 424 opposite to the third main surface, a second thickness 426 defined as the distance between the third and fourth main surfaces, and a second sag depth 428. Figure 6The orientation of the laminate 400 is illustrated as follows: the second surface 414 is a raised surface, and the third surface 422 is a recessed surface. In one or more embodiments, the position of the first curved glass layer may be reversed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer exhibits a first viscosity, while the second curved glass layer exhibits a second viscosity different from the first viscosity at a given temperature. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer is formed from one or more embodiments of the glass composition described herein. The temperature used to measure the first and second viscosities may be from about 590°C to about 650°C (or about 630°C). In some embodiments, at a temperature of 630°C, the first viscosity is equal to or greater than about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, or about 10 times the first viscosity.

[0147] In one or more embodiments, the first viscosity at 600°C is in the range of approximately 2 × 10⁻⁶. 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 4×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 5×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 6×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 8×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 2×10 berths 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 4×10 berths 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 5×10 berths 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 6×10 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 8×10 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 13 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 2 x 10 berths 13 berthed to approximately 1x10 15 4 x 10 berths 13 berthed to approximately 1x10 15 5 x 10 berths 13 berthed to approximately 1x10 15 6 x 10 berths 13 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 8×10 13 berthed to approximately 1×1015 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 14 berthed to approximately 1×10 15 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 8×10 14 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 6×10 14 2 x 10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 5x10 14 2 x 10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 4x10 14 2 x 10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 2x10 14 2 x 10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 14 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 8×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 6×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 5×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 4×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 2×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 2 x 10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 8×10 12 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 6×10 12 Po, or about 2×10 11 berthed to approximately 5×10 12 moor.

[0148] In one or more embodiments, the first viscosity at 630°C is in the range of approximately 2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 4×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 5×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 6×10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 8×10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 4×10 berths11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 5×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 6×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 8×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 12 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 6×10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 5x10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 4×10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 2×10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 12 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 11 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 6×10 11 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 5×10 11 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 4×10 11 Po, or about 2×10 10 berthed to approximately 2×10 11 moor.

[0149] In one or more embodiments, the first viscosity at 650°C is in the range of about 1 × 10⁻⁶. 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 2×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 4×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 5×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 6×10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 8×10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 2×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×1013 4×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 4×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 5×10 berths 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 6×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 8×10 11 berthed to approximately 1×10 13 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 12 berthed to approximately 1x10 13 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 6×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 5×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 4×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 2×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 12 1 berth, approximately 1 x 10 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 11 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 6×10 11 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 5×10 11 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 4×10 11 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 10 berthed to approximately 2×10 11 Po, or about 1×10 10 berthed to approximately 1×10 11 moor.

[0150] In one or more embodiments, the second viscosity at 600°C is in the range of approximately 3 × 10⁻⁶. 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 10 4×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 10 5×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 10 6×10 10 berthed to approximately 8×10 10 3×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 7×10 10 3×10 berths10 berthed to approximately 6×10 10 3×10 berths 10 berthed to approximately 5×10 10 Po, or about 4×10 10 berthed to approximately 6×10 10 moor.

[0151] In one or more embodiments, the second viscosity at 630°C is in the range of approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 2×10 berths 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 3×10 berths 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 4×10 berths 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 5 x 10 berths 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 6×10 9 berthed to approximately 1×10 10 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 9×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 8×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 7×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 6×10 9 4×10 berths 9 berthed to approximately 8×10 9 5×10 9 Parked at approximately 7×10 9 moor.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, the second viscosity at 650°C is in the range of approximately 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 6×10 8 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 6 berths, approximately 7 x 10 8 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 8×10 8 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 9×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 5×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9 berthed to approximately 4×10 9 1 berth, approximately 1 × 10 9berthed to approximately 3×10 9 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 4×10 9 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 3×10 9 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 2×10 9 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 1×10 9 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 9×10 8 5×10 berths 8 berthed to approximately 8×10 8 5×10 8 berthed to approximately 7×10 8 moor.

[0153] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first sagging depth 418 and the second sagging depth 428 is about 2 mm or greater. For example, the range of one or both of the first sagging depth 418 and the second sagging depth 428 may be about 2 mm to about 30 mm, about 4 mm to about 30 mm, about 5 mm to about 30 mm, about 6 mm to about 30 mm, about 8 mm to about 30 mm, about 10 mm to about 30 mm, about 12 mm to about 30 mm, about 14 mm to about 30 mm, about 15 mm to about 30 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 25 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 25 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 25 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 25 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 ... Approximately 24mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 22mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 20mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 18mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 16mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 15mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 14mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 12mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 10mm, approximately 2mm to approximately 8mm, approximately 6mm to approximately 20mm, approximately 8mm to approximately 18mm, approximately 10mm to approximately 15mm, approximately 12mm to approximately 22mm, approximately 15mm to approximately 25mm, or approximately 18mm to approximately 22mm.

[0154] In one or more embodiments, the first sag depth 418 and the second sag depth 428 are substantially equal to each other. In one or more embodiments, the first sag depth is within 10% of the second sag depth. For example, the first sag depth is within 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, or 5% of the second sag depth. For illustration, the second sag depth is about 15 mm, while the range of the first sag depth is from about 14.5 mm to about 16.5 mm (or within 10% of the second sag depth).

[0155] In one or more embodiments, the shape deviation between the first and second curved glass layers, measured by an optical 3D scanner (e.g., the ATOS Triple Scan supplied by GOM GmbH in Braunschweig, Germany), is ±5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the shape deviation is measured between the second surface 414 and the third surface 422, or between the first surface 412 and the fourth surface 424. In one or more embodiments, the shape deviation between the first and second glass layers is approximately ±4 mm or less, approximately ±3 mm or less, approximately ±2 mm or less, approximately ±1 mm or less, approximately ±0.8 mm or less, approximately ±0.6 mm or less, approximately ±0.5 mm or less, approximately ±0.4 mm or less, approximately ±0.3 mm or less, approximately ±0.2 mm or less, or approximately ±0.1 mm or less. As used herein, shape deviation refers to the maximum shape deviation measured on the respective surface.

[0156] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first primary surface 412 and the fourth primary surface 424 exhibit minimal optical distortion. For example, as measured by an optical distortion detector using transmission optics according to ASTM 1561, the optical distortion exhibited by one or both of the first primary surface 412 and the fourth primary surface 424 is less than about 400 millirex, less than about 300 millirex, or about 250 millirex. A suitable optical distortion detector is supplied by ISRA VISIION AG of Darmstadt, Germany, under the trade name SCREENSCAN-Faultfinder. In one or more embodiments, the optical distortion exhibited by one or both of the first primary surface 312 and the fourth primary surface 324 is approximately 190 milliseconds or less, approximately 180 milliseconds or less, approximately 170 milliseconds or less, approximately 160 milliseconds or less, approximately 150 milliseconds or less, approximately 140 milliseconds or less, approximately 130 milliseconds or less, approximately 120 milliseconds or less, approximately 110 milliseconds or less, approximately 100 milliseconds or less, approximately 90 milliseconds or less, approximately 80 milliseconds or less, approximately 70 milliseconds or less, approximately 60 milliseconds or less, or approximately 50 milliseconds or less. As used herein, optical distortion refers to the maximum optical distortion measured on the respective surface.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, the third or fourth principal surface of the second curved glass layer exhibits low film tensile stress. Film tensile stress may occur during the cooling of the curved layer and the laminate. As the glass cools, surface compression may occur between the principal surfaces and the edge surfaces (orthogonal to the principal surfaces), which is offset by the central region exhibiting tensile stress. Bending or forming can introduce additional surface tension near the edges and bring the central tensile region closer to the glass surface. Therefore, the film tensile stress is the tensile stress measured near the edge (e.g., approximately 10 to 25 mm from the edge surface). In one or more embodiments, the film tensile stress at the third or fourth principal surface of the second curved glass layer is less than approximately 7 MPa, as measured by a surface stress meter according to ASTM C1279. An example of such a surface stress meter is provided by Strainoptic Technologies under a trademark. (Supply by a Grazing Angle Surface Polarimeter). In one or more embodiments, the membrane tensile stress at the third or fourth main surface of the second curved glass layer is about 6 MPa or less, about 5 MPa or less, about 4 MPa or less, or about 3 MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, the lower limit of the membrane tensile stress is about 0.01 MPa or about 0.1 MPa.

[0158] In one or more embodiments, the membrane compressive stress at the third or fourth principal surface of the second curved glass layer, as measured by a surface stress meter according to ASTM C1279, is less than about 7 MPa. A surface stress meter (e.g., one trademarked by Strainoptic Technologies) can be used. (Surface stress gauge supplied by Grazing Angle SurfacePolarimeter). In one or more embodiments, the membrane compressive stress at the third or fourth primary surface of the second curved glass layer is about 6 MPa or less, about 5 MPa or less, about 4 MPa or less, or about 3 MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, the lower limit of the membrane compressive stress is about 0.01 MPa or about 0.1 MPa.

[0159] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the laminate 400 may be 6.85 mm or less, or 5.85 mm or less, wherein the thickness includes the sum of the thicknesses of the first curved glass layer, the second curved glass layer, and the intermediate layer (and any other layer). In various embodiments, the thickness of the laminate may range from about 1.8 mm to about 6.85 mm, or from about 1.8 mm to about 5.85 mm, or from about 1.8 mm to about 5.0 mm, or from about 2.1 mm to about 6.85 mm, or from about 2.1 mm to about 5.85 mm, or from about 2.1 mm to about 5.0 mm, or from about 2.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or from about 2.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or from about 2.4 mm to about 5.0 mm, or from about 3.4 mm to about 6.85 mm, or from about 3.4 mm to about 5.85 mm, or from about 3.4 mm to about 5.0 mm.

[0160] In one or more embodiments, the laminate 400 exhibits at least one radius of curvature less than 1000 mm, or less than 750 mm, or less than 500 mm, or less than 300 mm. In one or more embodiments, the laminate 300 exhibits at least one radius of curvature along at least one axis that is about 10 m or less, or about 5 m or less. In one or more embodiments, the laminate 400 may have a radius of curvature of 5 m or less along at least a first axis and along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may have a radius of curvature of 5 m or less along at least a first axis and along a second axis not perpendicular to the first axis.

[0161] In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer 410 is relatively thinner than the second curved glass layer 420. In other words, the thickness of the second curved glass layer is greater than the thickness of the first curved glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the second thickness is more than twice the thickness of the first thickness. In one or more embodiments, the second thickness ranges from about 1.5 times to about 10 times the thickness of the first thickness (e.g., about 1.75 times to about 10 times, about 2 times to about 10 times, about 2.25 times to about 10 times, about 2.5 times to about 10 times, about 2.75 times to about 10 times, about 3 times to about 10 times, about 3.25 times to about 10 times, about 3.5 times to about 10 times, about 3.75 times to about 10 times, about 4 times to about 10 times). Approximately 1.5 times to approximately 9 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 8 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 7.5 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 7 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 6.5 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 6 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 5.5 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 5 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 4.5 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 4 times, approximately 1.5 times to approximately 3.5 times, approximately 2 times to approximately 7 times, approximately 2.5 times to approximately 6 times, approximately 3 times to approximately 6 times.

[0162] In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer 410 and the second curved glass layer 420 may have the same thickness. In one or more specific embodiments, the second curved glass layer is harder or has a greater hardness than the first curved glass layer, while in very specific embodiments, the thickness of both the first and second curved glass layers is in the range of 0.2 mm to 1.6 mm.

[0163] In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first thickness 416 and the second thickness 426 are less than 1.6 mm (e.g., 1.55 mm or less, 1.5 mm or less, 1.45 mm or less, 1.4 mm or less, 1.35 mm or less, 1.3 mm or less, 1.25 mm or less, 1.2 mm or less, 1.15 mm or less, 1.1 mm or less, 1.05 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.95 mm or less). The thickness can be as small as 0.9 mm or less, 0.85 mm or less, 0.8 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, 0.7 mm or less, 0.65 mm or less, 0.6 mm or less, 0.55 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.45 mm or less, 0.4 mm or less, 0.35 mm or less, 0.3 mm or less, 0.25 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, 0.15 mm or less, or approximately 0.1 mm or less. The lower limit of the thickness can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the range of either or both of the first thickness and the second thickness is about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.3 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.5 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.6 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.7 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.8 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.9 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, or about 1 mm to about 1.6 mm.

[0164] In some embodiments, when one of the first thickness 416 and the second thickness 426 is less than about 1.6 mm, the other of the first thickness and the second thickness is about 1.6 mm or greater. In such embodiments, the first thickness and the second thickness are different from each other. For example, when one of the first thickness 416 and the second thickness 426 is less than about 1.6 mm, the other of the first thickness and the second thickness is about 1.7 mm or greater, about 1.75 mm or greater, about 1.8 mm or greater, about 1.7 mm or greater, about 1.7 mm or greater, about 1.7 mm or greater, about 1.85 mm or greater, about 1.9 mm or greater, about 1.95 mm or greater, about 2 mm or greater, about 2.1 mm or greater, about 2.2 mm or greater, about 2.3 mm or greater, about 2.4 mm or greater, 2 0.5mm or larger, 2.6mm or larger, 2.7mm or larger, 2.8mm or larger, 2.9mm or larger, 3mm or larger, 3.2mm or larger, 3.4mm or larger, 3.5mm or larger, 3.6mm or larger, 3.8mm or larger, 4mm or larger, 4.2mm or larger, 4.4mm or larger, 4.6mm or larger, 4.8mm or larger, 5mm or larger, 5.2mm or larger, 5.4mm or larger, 5.6mm or larger, 5.8mm or larger, or 6mm or larger. In some embodiments, the range of the first or second thickness is approximately 1.6 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 1.7 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 1.8 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 1.9 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.1 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.2 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.3 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.4 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.5 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.6 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 2.8 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 3 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 3.2 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 3.4 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 3.6 mm to approximately 6 mm, approximately 3.8 mm to approximately 6 mm, and approximately 4 mm. m to about 6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.2 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.2 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4 mm, about 3.8 mm to about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.2 mm, or about 1.6 mm to about 3 mm.

[0165] In one or more embodiments, the laminate 400 exhibits substantially no visual distortion as measured by ASTM C1652 / C1652M. In a specific embodiment, the laminate, the first curved glass layer 410, and / or the second curved glass layer 420 exhibit substantially no wrinkles or distortions that are visually detectable to the naked eye, according to ASTM C1652 / C1652M.

[0166] In one or more embodiments, as measured by an FSM surface stress meter, the third primary surface 422 or the fourth primary surface 424 includes a surface compressive stress of less than 3 MPa. In some embodiments, as described herein, the second curved glass layer is not strengthened (but may optionally be annealed), and the surface compressive stress measured on the third primary surface 422 or the fourth primary surface 424 is less than about 3 MPa, or about 2.5 MPa or less, 2 MPa or less, 1.5 MPa or less, 1 MPa or less, or about 0.5 MPa or less. In some embodiments, this surface compressive stress range is present on both the third primary surface and the fourth primary surface.

[0167] In one or more embodiments, as described herein, either or both of the first curved glass layer 410 and the second curved glass layer 420 are strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second curved glass layer is unstrengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer comprises a strengthened glass article according to embodiments described herein, while the second curved glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer is chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally strengthened, while the second curved glass layer is strengthened in a different manner (chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally) than the first curved glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer is chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally strengthened, while the second curved glass layer is strengthened in the same manner (chemically, mechanically, and / or thermally) as the first curved glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer is strengthened, while the second curved glass layer is unstrengthened. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer is strengthened, while the second curved glass layer is annealed. In one or more embodiments, both the first and second curved glass layers are strengthened (in the same manner or in different manners). In one or more embodiments, the second curved glass layer comprises soda-lime silicate glass, and the first glass substrate may be characterized as one or more embodiments of the glass articles described herein.

[0168] In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass layer 410 includes a first length and a first width, either or both of which is about 0.25 meters or greater. In one or more embodiments, the second curved glass layer includes a second length within 5% of the first length and a second width within 5% of the first width. In one or more embodiments, as defined herein, the laminate 400 may be described as curved or complexly curved.

[0169] In one or more embodiments, the laminate 400 is an automotive window or an architectural window.

[0170] Another aspect of this disclosure includes a vehicle comprising: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; and a stack 400 disposed in the opening. In such an embodiment, as defined herein, the stack 400 may be complexly curved or simply curved.

[0171] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a laminate 500, in which a first glass layer of an embodiment of the glass article described herein can be cold-formed (using an inserted intermediate layer) to a second glass layer. Figures 7 to 8 In the exemplary cold-formed laminate 500 shown, a first glass layer 510 (including a glass article according to one or more embodiments) is laminated onto a relatively thick and curved second glass layer 530. Figure 7 In this configuration, the second glass layer 530 includes a first surface 532 and a second surface 534 in contact with the intermediate layer 520, while the first glass layer 510 includes a third surface 512 and a fourth surface 514 in contact with the intermediate layer 520. An indicator of a cold-formed laminate is that the fourth surface 514 has a larger surface area CS than the third surface 512. Therefore, a cold-formed laminate can include a high compressive stress level on the fourth surface 514, making this surface more resistant to fracture.

[0172] In one or more embodiments, prior to the cold forming process, the corresponding compressive stresses in the third surface 512 and the fourth surface 514 are substantially equal. In one or more embodiments where the first glass layer is not strengthened, the third surface 512 and the fourth surface 514 do not exhibit perceptible compressive stresses prior to cold forming. In one or more embodiments where the first glass layer 510 is strengthened (as described herein), the third surface 512 and the fourth surface 514 exhibit compressive stresses substantially equal to each other prior to cold forming. In one or more embodiments, after cold forming, the compressive stress on the fourth surface 514 increases (i.e., the compressive stress on the fourth surface 514 after cold forming is greater than the compressive stress before cold forming). Unbound by theory, the cold forming process increases the compressive stress of the formed glass layer (i.e., the first glass layer) to compensate for the tensile stresses applied during bending and / or forming operations. In one or more embodiments, the cold forming process subjectes the third surface (i.e., the third surface 512) of the glass layer to tensile stress, while the fourth surface (i.e., the fourth surface 514) of the glass layer is subject to compressive stress.

[0173] When the reinforced first glass layer 510 is used, the third and fourth surfaces (512, 514) are already under compressive stress, so the third surface 512 can be subjected to greater tensile stress. This allows the reinforced first glass layer 510 to conform more closely to curved surfaces.

[0174] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first glass layer 510 is less than the thickness of the second glass layer 530. This thickness difference means that the first glass layer 510 is more flexible to conform to the shape of the second glass layer 530. Furthermore, the thinner first glass layer 510 can be deformed more easily to compensate for shape mismatches and gaps caused by the shape of the second glass layer 530. In one or more embodiments, the thin and reinforced first glass layer 510 exhibits greater flexibility, especially during cold forming. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer 510 conforms to the second glass layer 530 to provide a substantially uniform distance between the second surface 534 and the third surface 512 to be filled by the intermediate layer.

[0175] In some non-limiting embodiments, the cold-formed laminate 500 can be formed using an exemplary cold-forming process, which is performed at a softening temperature (e.g., about 100°C to about 120°C) or just above the softening temperature of the intermediate layer material (e.g., 520) (i.e., at a temperature below the softening temperature of the corresponding glass layer). Figure 7In one of the embodiments shown, a cold-formed laminate can be formed by placing an intermediate layer between a second glass layer (bent) and a first glass layer (which may be flat) to form a stack; applying pressure to the stack to press the second glass layer against the intermediate layer, which in turn presses against the first glass layer; and heating the stack to a temperature below 400°C to form the cold-formed laminate, wherein the second glass layer is shaped to conform to the first glass layer. This process can be performed using a vacuum bag or ring in an autoclave or other suitable equipment. According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the stress of the exemplary first glass layer 410 can be changed from substantially symmetrical to asymmetrical.

[0176] As used herein, "flat" and "planar" are used interchangeably and refer to a shape whose curvature is less than the curvature that would cause stacking defects due to curvature mismatch when such a flat layer is cold-formed onto another layer (i.e., a radius of curvature greater than or equal to approximately 3 meters, greater than or equal to approximately 4 meters, or greater than or equal to approximately 5 meters). When placed on a surface, the flat layer has the aforementioned shape. As used herein, "simple curve" or "simply curved" refers to a non-planar shape with curvature along one axis (forming a cylindrical shape or a bend). As used herein, "complex curve" and "complexly curved" refer to a non-planar shape with curvature along two different orthogonal axes. Examples of complexly curved shapes are provided. This includes shapes with simple or complex curves, also known as non-expandable shapes, and includes, but is not limited to, spherical, non-spherical, and toroidal shapes. Complexly curved shapes may also include segments or portions of these surfaces, or be composed of combinations of these curves and surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may have simple or complex curves. In one or more embodiments, the first glass layer, the second glass layer, the laminate, or combinations thereof may have simple curves or complexly curved shapes, and may be cold-formed. As a non-limiting example, a simply curved laminate may have a length and width dimension of 0.5 m by 1.0 m, and a radius of curvature of 2 to 5 m along a single axis.

[0177] A complexly curved laminate according to one or more embodiments may have different radii of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, a complexly curved laminate may thus be characterized by having “cross curvature,” wherein the laminate is curved along an axis parallel to a given dimension (i.e., a first axis) and also along an axis perpendicular to the same dimension (i.e., a second axis). The curvature of the laminate may be even more complex when a significant minimum radius is combined with significant cross curvature and / or bending depth. Some laminates may also include bends along axes that are not perpendicular to each other. As a non-limiting example, a complexly curved laminate may have a length and width dimension of 0.5 m by 1.0 m, with a curvature radius of 2 to 2.5 m along the secondary axis and a curvature radius of 4 to 5 m along the primary axis. In one or more embodiments, a complexly curved laminate may have a curvature radius of 5 m or less along at least one axis. In one or more embodiments, the curvature radius of the complexly curved laminate may be 5 m or less at least along the first axis and along the second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In one or more embodiments, the radius of curvature of the complexly curved stack along at least a first axis and along a second axis not perpendicular to the first axis may be 5 m or less.

[0178] like Figure 8 As shown, the first glass layer 410 can be simply or complexly bent and has at least one recessed surface (e.g., surface 514) providing a fourth surface of the laminate and at least one raised surface (e.g., surface 512) providing a third surface of the laminate opposite the first surface, with a thickness therebetween. In a cold-forming embodiment, the second glass plate 530 can be complexly bent and has at least one recessed surface (e.g., second surface 534) and at least one raised surface (e.g., first surface 532), with a thickness therebetween.

[0179] In one or more embodiments, one or more of the intermediate layer 520, the first glass layer 510 and the second glass layer 530 include a first edge (e.g., 535) having a first thickness and a second edge (e.g., 537) having a second thickness opposite to the first edge, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness.

[0180] As otherwise described herein, aspects of this disclosure relate to vehicles including the glass articles or laminates described herein. For example, according to one or more embodiments described herein, such as Figure 9As shown, vehicle 600 includes a body 610 defining an interior, at least one opening 620 communicating with the interior, and a window disposed in the opening, wherein the window includes a laminate or glasswork 630. The laminate or glasswork 630 may form side lights, windshields, rear windows, side windows, rearview mirrors, and sunroofs in the vehicle. In some embodiments, the laminate or glasswork 630 may form an interior partition (not shown) inside the vehicle, or may be disposed on an exterior surface of the vehicle and form an engine cover, headlight cover, taillight cover, door panel cover, or pillar cover. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle may include an interior surface (not shown, but may include door panels, seat backs, door panels, dashboard, center console, floor, rearview mirrors, and pillars), and the laminate or glasswork 630 described herein is disposed on the interior surface. In one or more embodiments, the interior surface includes a display, and the glass layer is disposed above the display. Vehicles as used herein include automobiles, rail vehicles, locomotives, boats, ships, as well as aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, spacecraft, and the like.

[0181] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to an architectural application that includes the glassworks or laminates described herein. In some embodiments, the architectural application includes railings, stairs, decorative panels or coverings for walls, soundproofing panels or coverings, columns, partitions, elevator cars, home applications, windows, furniture, and other applications that at least partially utilize laminates or glassworks according to one or more embodiments.

[0182] In one or more embodiments, portions of the laminate including glass articles are located in vehicle or building applications such that the glass articles face the interior of the vehicle or the interior of the building or room, such that the glass articles are adjacent to the interior (while another glass layer is adjacent to the exterior). In some embodiments, the glass articles of the laminate are in direct contact with the interior (i.e., the surface of the glass articles facing the interior is exposed and has no coating).

[0183] In one or more embodiments, a portion of the laminate including glass articles is located in a vehicle or building application, such that the glass articles face the exterior of the vehicle or the exterior of the building or room, and that the glass articles are adjacent to the exterior (while another glass layer is adjacent to the interior). In some embodiments, the glass articles of the laminate are in direct contact with the exterior (i.e., the surface of the exterior-facing glass articles is bare and without any coating).

[0184] In one or more embodiments, the glass articles and / or laminates described herein are enhanced with functionality by incorporating display aspects (e.g., head-up displays, projection surfaces, and the like), antennas, daylight blocking, sound insulation (e.g., sound damping), anti-glare performance, anti-reflective performance, scratch resistance, and the like. This functionality can be imparted by coatings or layers applied to exposed or internal (unexposed) surfaces of the laminate (e.g., between glass layers or between glass layers and an interlayer). In some embodiments, the laminate may have a thickness or configuration that improves optical performance when the laminate is used in a head-up display (e.g., by bonding a wedge-shaped polymer interlayer between glass layers or by shaping one of the glass layers into a wedge shape). In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes a textured surface that provides anti-glare functionality, and this textured surface may be disposed on an exposed surface or an unexposed internal surface. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may include an anti-reflective coating, an anti-scratch coating, or a combination thereof disposed on an exposed surface. In one or more embodiments, the laminate may include an antenna disposed on an exposed surface, and an internal surface that is unexposed or embedded in any of the glass layers. In one or more embodiments, the intermediate layer may be modified to have one or more of the following properties: ultraviolet (UV) absorption, infrared (IR) absorption, IR reflection, acoustic modulation / damping, adhesion promotion, and coloring. The intermediate layer may be modified with suitable additives (e.g., dyes, pigments, dopants, etc.) to impart the desired properties.

[0185] In the first example (refer to) Figure 5 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The laminate includes first glass layers 310, 410, 510 (including glass articles according to one or more embodiments), second glass layers 330, 430, 520 (including SLG articles), and intermediate layers 320, 420, 530 (including PVB). In one or more embodiments, the glass articles for the first layers have a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the glass articles in the first layers are chemically strengthened. In some embodiments, the SLG articles for the second glass layers are annealed. In one or more embodiments, the laminate is positioned in a vehicle such that the first glass layer (including glass articles according to one or more embodiments) faces the interior of the vehicle.

[0186] In the second example (see) Figure 5 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9The laminate includes first glass layers 310, 410, 510 (including glass articles according to one or more embodiments), second glass layers 330, 430, 520 (including SLG articles), and intermediate layers 320, 420, 530 (including PVB). In one or more embodiments, the glass articles for the first layers have a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the glass articles in the first layers are heat-strengthened. In some embodiments, the SLG articles for the second glass layers are annealed. In one or more embodiments, the laminate is positioned in a vehicle such that the first glass layer (including glass articles according to one or more embodiments) faces the interior of the vehicle.

[0187] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for forming a stack comprising the glass articles described herein. In one or more embodiments, the method includes: stacking a first glass article according to any one or more embodiments described herein and a second glass article different from the first glass article to form a stack, wherein the first glass layer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the second glass article includes a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, and wherein the second surface is adjacent to the third surface. In one or more embodiments, the first glass article and the second glass article differ in any one or more aspects of composition, thickness, strengthening grade, and forming method. In one or more embodiments, the method includes: placing the stack on a mold, heating the stack until the second glass article exhibits a 10°C temperature. 10 The viscosity of the glass is determined by the temperature at which the shaped stack is formed, and an intermediate layer is placed between the first glass article and the second glass layer. In one or more embodiments, the shaped stack includes a gap between the second and third surfaces, the maximum distance of which is about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, or about 3 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the second glass article is an SLG article. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first glass article is less than 1.6 mm (e.g., 1.5 mm or less, 1 mm or less, or 0.7 mm or less), while the thickness of the second glass article is 1.6 mm or greater (e.g., 1.8 mm or greater, 2.0 mm or greater, or 2.1 mm or greater). In one or more embodiments, the first glass article is formed by melting, while the second glass article is formed by float forming.

[0188] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising the glass article or laminate described herein. For example, the apparatus may include any apparatus including a display. In one or more embodiments, the apparatus is an electronic device that may include a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone, laptop computer, tablet computer, MP3 player, navigation device, and the like) or a fixed device (e.g., a computer, electronic display, vehicle infotainment system, billboard, point-of-sale system, navigation system, and the like). An exemplary electronic device includes: a housing having a front surface, a rear surface, and side surfaces; electrical components at least partially or completely located within the housing, and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display located at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing. The glass article or laminate described herein may be disposed at or above the front surface of the housing such that it is positioned above the display (i.e., forming a cover above the display). In some embodiments, the glass article or laminate may serve as a back cover.

[0189] Example

[0190] The following examples will further illustrate various implementation methods.

[0191] Examples 1 to 67

[0192] Examples 1-67 are exemplary glass compositions according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Table 1 provides the glass compositions of Examples 1-67 (expressed in mol%). Table 1 also includes density at 20°C, strain point temperature (e.g., measured by an optical bending viscometer), annealing point temperature (e.g., measured by an optical bending viscometer), softening point temperature (e.g., measured by fiber elongation), CTE, stress optical coefficient, refractive index, and T. 200 T 35000 T 200000 Information on liquidus temperature, liquidus viscosity, zircon decomposition temperature, zircon decomposition viscosity, and other properties.

[0193] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 to 51, 53 to 58, and 61 were melted to form glass articles with a thickness of 1 mm or 0.55 mm as shown in Table 1, annealed, and then chemically strengthened. Table 1 also provides the resulting surface CS (MPa) and DOC (micrometer) values ​​for the chemically strengthened glass articles. The DOC value was measured using an FSM.

[0194] Table 1: Examples 1 to 67.

[0195]

[0196]

[0197]

[0198]

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207]

[0208]

[0209]

[0210]

[0211]

[0212]

[0213]

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217]

[0218]

[0219] Examples 68 to 77

[0220] Examples 68-77 are exemplary glass compositions according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Table 3 provides the glass compositions of Examples 68-77 (expressed in mol%), and their strain point temperature (e.g., measured by an optical bending viscometer), annealing point temperature (e.g., measured by an optical bending viscometer), softening point temperature (e.g., measured by fiber elongation), sag temperature, temperature at log 11 viscosity (poise), and To. 200 T 35000 T 200000 Density, CTE, liquidus viscosity, zircon decomposition temperature, and zircon decomposition viscosity.

[0221]

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] Figure 10 These are logarithmic viscosity curves at temperature for Examples 63 and 66, Modeling Example 72, and known soda-lime silicate glass compositions. For comparison, a known alkali metal aluminosilicate glass composition (Comparative Example A) is shown in Table 2.

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] As shown in Table 2, Comparative Example A is an alkali metal aluminosilicate glass composition, exhibiting properties significantly different from the glass composition of the present invention described herein. In particular, Comparative Example A exhibits a (annealing point + softening point) / 2 relationship greater than 725°C. Furthermore, Comparative Example A exhibits T... 200 With T 35000 The difference between them is significantly less than 400℃, and the relationship is [(annealing point (℃) + softening point (℃)) / 2 - T]. 200 [Greater than -800°C. In addition, Comparative Example A exhibits a sag temperature of approximately 723°C.]

[0230] Those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[0231] Aspect (1) of this disclosure relates to a glass article comprising a glass composition comprising: SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 63 mol% to about 75 mol%; Al2O3 in an amount ranging from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%; R2O in an amount ranging from about 13 mol% to about 24 mol%; and P2O5 in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%; wherein the glass composition comprises one or both of MgO and ZnO, wherein the amount of MgO is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol% and the amount of ZnO is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, wherein the glass article comprises an annealing point (°C) and a softening point (°C), and a (annealing point + softening point) / 2 relationship in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C.

[0232] Aspect (2) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of aspect (1), wherein the glass articles include a temperature (°C) at a viscosity of 200 poise (T). 200 ) and temperature (°C) at a viscosity of 35,000 poise (T) 35000 ), and T 200 -T 35000 The range is from approximately 400°C to approximately 600°C.

[0233] Aspect (3) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein the glass article includes a temperature (°C) at a viscosity of 200 poise (T). 200 The relationship between (annealing point + softening point) / 2 and T is... 20 The difference between 0 and 0 is less than -800℃.

[0234] Aspect (4) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (3), wherein the glass article comprises a viscosity of 35,000 poise at a temperature (°C) (T). 35000 The relationship between (annealing point + softening point) / 2 and T is... 35000 The difference is less than -300℃.

[0235] Aspect (5) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (2) to (4), wherein T 200 With T 35000 One or both of them are greater than approximately 1030°C.

[0236] Aspect (6) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any one of aspects (1) to (5), wherein the glass articles include a sag temperature in the range of about 620°C to about 720°C.

[0237] Aspect (7) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (6), wherein the amount of Al2O3 is in the range of about 8 mol% to about 11 mol%, the amount of Na2O is in the range of about 12 mol% to about 18 mol%, and the amount of K2O is in the range of about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol%.

[0238] Aspect (8) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (7), further comprising CaO in an amount ranging from about 0.01 mol% to about 4 mol%.

[0239] Aspect (9) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (8), wherein the amount of MgO present is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%.

[0240] Aspect (10) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (9), wherein the amount of ZnO present is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%.

[0241] Aspect (11) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (10), wherein the relationship (annealing point + softening point) / 2 is less than about 700°C.

[0242] Aspect (12) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (11), further comprising a liquidus viscosity greater than about 100 kP.

[0243] Aspect (13) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (12), further comprising a zircon decomposition viscosity of less than about 35 kP.

[0244] Aspect (14) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (13), wherein the glass articles are strengthened.

[0245] Aspect (15) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (1) to (14), wherein the glass articles are formed by melting.

[0246] Aspect (16) of this disclosure relates to an aluminosilicate glass article comprising: a glass composition comprising more than 2 mol% of Al2O3; and wherein the glass article comprises an annealing point (°C) and a softening point (°C), and a (annealing point + softening point) / 2 relationship in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C.

[0247] Aspect (17) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of aspect (16), wherein the glass composition comprises a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) equal to or greater than about 5 mol% of the total amount of the glass.

[0248] Aspect (18) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of aspect (16) or aspect (17), wherein the glass composition comprises one or both of MgO and ZnO, wherein the amount of MgO is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, and the amount of ZnO is in the range of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%.

[0249] Aspect (19) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (18), wherein the total amount of alkali metal oxides is in the range of about 5 mol% to about 20 mol%.

[0250] Aspect (20) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (19), further comprising a temperature greater than about 1000°C at a viscosity of 35 kpoise.

[0251] Aspect (21) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (20), further comprising a temperature greater than about 900°C at a viscosity of 200 kpoise.

[0252] Aspect (22) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (21), further comprising an annealing point of less than about 580°C.

[0253] Aspect (23) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (22), further comprising a strain point of less than about 530°C.

[0254] Aspect (24) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (23), further comprising about 2.6 g / cm³. 3 Or even lower density.

[0255] Aspect (25) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (24), further including a softening point in the range of about 725°C to 860°C.

[0256] Aspect (26) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (25), wherein the glass articles are strengthened.

[0257] Aspect (27) of this disclosure relates to glass articles of any of aspects (16) to (26), wherein the glass articles are formed by melting.

[0258] Aspect (28) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; a glass article disposed in the opening, the article comprising a glass composition comprising an amount of Al2O3 greater than 2 mol% of an annealing point (°C) and a softening point (°C), and a (annealing point + softening point) / 2 relationship in the range of about 625°C to about 725°C.

[0259] Aspect (29) of this disclosure relates to the vehicle of aspect (28), wherein the glass article comprises a glass composition comprising a total amount of alkali metal oxides in an amount of about 16 mol% or more and a sag temperature in the range of about 600°C to about 700°C.

[0260] Aspect (30) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle of aspect (28) or aspect (29), wherein the glass composition further comprises an amount of Al2O3 greater than 4 mol%.

[0261] Aspect (31) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (30), wherein the glass composition further comprises an alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O and K2O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 5 moles.

[0262] Aspect (32) of this disclosure relates to the vehicle of aspect (31), wherein the glass composition further comprises a total amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O = Li2O + Na2O + K2O) ranging from about 5 mol% to about 24 mol%.

[0263] Aspect (33) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (32), wherein the glass article further includes a temperature greater than about 1000°C at a viscosity of 35 kpoise.

[0264] Aspect (34) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (33), wherein the glass article further includes a temperature greater than about 900°C at a viscosity of 200 kpoll.

[0265] Aspect (35) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (34), wherein the glass article further includes an annealing point of less than about 600°C.

[0266] Aspect (36) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (35), wherein the glass article further includes a strain point of less than about 550°C.

[0267] Aspect (37) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles described in aspects (28) to (36), wherein the glass article further comprises approximately 2.6 g / cm³. 3 Or even lower density.

[0268] Aspect (38) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles described in aspects (28) to (37), wherein the glass article further includes a softening point in the range of about 725°C to 860°C.

[0269] Aspect (39) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles of aspects (28) to (38), wherein the glass articles are reinforced.

[0270] Aspect (40) of this disclosure relates to any of the vehicles in aspects (28) to (39), wherein the glass article is formed by further melting.

[0271] Aspect (41) of this disclosure relates to a laminate comprising: a first glass layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer and opposite to the first glass layer, wherein either or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer comprise a glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (15).

[0272] Aspect (42) of this disclosure relates to the laminate of aspect (41), wherein either or both of the first glass layer and the second glass layer have a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm.

[0273] Aspect (43) of this disclosure relates to a laminate comprising: a first glass layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the first glass layer; and a second glass layer disposed on the intermediate layer and opposite to the first glass layer, wherein the second glass layer comprises a glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (15).

[0274] Aspect (44) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of aspect (43), wherein the first glass layer comprises a thickness of 1.6 mm or greater, and the second glass layer comprises a thickness of less than about 1.6 mm.

[0275] Aspect (45) of this disclosure relates to a method for forming a stack, comprising: stacking a first glass article and a second glass article according to any one of aspects (1) to (27) to form a stack, wherein the first glass article has a different composition from the second glass article and includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the second glass article includes a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, and wherein the second surface is adjacent to the third surface in the stack; placing the stack on a mold; heating the stack to a temperature above the annealing point of the first glass article to form a shaped stack; and placing an intermediate layer between the first glass article and the second glass layer.

[0276] Aspect (46) of this disclosure relates to the method of aspect (45), wherein the formed stack includes a gap between the second surface and the third surface having a maximum distance of about 10 mm or less.

[0277] Aspect (47) of this disclosure relates to the method of aspect (46), wherein the maximum distance is about 5 mm or less.

[0278] Aspect (48) of this disclosure relates to the method of aspect (46), wherein the maximum distance is about 3 mm or less.

[0279] Aspect (49) of this disclosure relates to a laminate comprising: a first curved glass layer including a first primary surface, a second primary surface opposite to the first primary surface, a first thickness defining a distance between the first primary surface and the second primary surface, and a first sag depth of about 2 mm or greater, the first curved glass layer comprising a first viscosity (poise); a second curved glass layer including a third primary surface, a fourth primary surface opposite to the third primary surface, a second thickness defining a distance between the third primary surface and the fourth primary surface, and a second sag depth of about 2 mm or greater, the second curved glass layer comprising a second viscosity; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer and adjacent to the second primary surface and the third primary surface, wherein the first viscosity at 630°C is greater than the second viscosity at 630°C, wherein the first sag depth is within 10% of the second sag depth, and the shape deviation between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, as measured by an optical three-dimensional scanner, is ±5 mm or less, and wherein one or both of the first primary surface and the fourth primary surface comprises, as measured by using according to ASTM The optical distortion of the transmission optics of 1561 is less than 200 milli-diffraction, as measured by an optical distortion detector, and wherein the third or fourth principal surface includes a film tensile stress of less than 7 MPa as measured by a surface stress meter according to ASTM C1279.

[0280] Aspect (50) of this disclosure relates to a stack of aspects (49), wherein the first curved glass layer comprises a glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (15).

[0281] Aspect (51) of this disclosure relates to a stack of aspects (49), wherein the first curved glass layer comprises a glass article of any one of aspects (16) to (27).

[0282] Aspect (52) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of aspect (50) or aspect (51), wherein at a temperature of about 630°C, the first viscosity is in the range of about 10 times to about 750 times the second viscosity.

[0283] Aspect (53) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any one of aspects (50) to (52), wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0284] Aspect (54) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (53), wherein a first thickness is from about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, and a second thickness is in the range of about 1.6 mm to about 3 mm.

[0285] Aspect (55) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of any one of aspects (50) to (54), wherein a first curved layer includes a first sag temperature and a second curved glass layer includes a second sag temperature different from the first sag temperature.

[0286] Aspect (56) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of aspect (55), wherein the difference between a first sag temperature and a second sag temperature is in the range of about 30°C to about 150°C.

[0287] Aspect (57) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (56), wherein the shape deviation is about ±1 mm or less.

[0288] Aspect (58) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (57), wherein the shape deviation is about ±0.5 mm or less.

[0289] Aspect (59) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (58), wherein the optical distortion is about 100 milli-diopter or less.

[0290] Aspect (60) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of any one of aspects (50) to (59), wherein the membrane tensile stress is about 5 MPa or less.

[0291] Aspect (61) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any one of aspects (50) to (60), wherein the first sag depth is in the range of about 5 mm to about 30 mm.

[0292] Aspect (62) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (61), wherein the third or fourth primary surface includes a surface compressive stress of less than 3 MPa as measured by a surface stress gauge.

[0293] Aspect (63) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of any of aspects (50) to (62), wherein the laminate is substantially free of visual distortion as measured by ASTM C1652 / C1652M.

[0294] Aspect (64) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (63), wherein the first curved glass layer is reinforced.

[0295] Aspect (65) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of aspect (64), wherein the first curved glass layer is chemically strengthened, mechanically strengthened, or thermally strengthened.

[0296] Aspect (66) of this disclosure relates to a stack of aspects (64) or (65) wherein the second glass bending layer is not reinforced.

[0297] Aspect (67) of this disclosure relates to a stack of aspects (64) or (65) wherein a second curved glass layer is reinforced.

[0298] Aspect (68) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of any one of aspects (50) to (67), wherein the second curved glass layer comprises soda-lime silicate glass.

[0299] Aspect (69) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (68), wherein the first curved glass layer includes a first length and a first width, either or both of the first length and the first width being about 0.25 meters or greater.

[0300] Aspect (70) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any of aspects (50) to (69), wherein a first curved glass layer includes a first length and a first width, and a second curved glass layer includes a second length within 5% of the first length and a second width within 5% of the first width.

[0301] Aspect (71) of this disclosure relates to a stack of any one of aspects (50) to (70), wherein the stack is complexly curved.

[0302] Aspect (72) of this disclosure relates to a laminate of any of aspects (50) to (71), wherein the laminate includes automotive windows or architectural windows.

[0303] Aspect (73) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; and a stack of any of aspects (50) to (72) disposed in the opening.

[0304] Aspect (74) of this disclosure relates to the vehicle of aspect (73), wherein the stacked material is complexly curved.

[0305] Aspect (75) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising an outer surface and glass articles of any one of aspects (1) to (15).

[0306] Aspect (76) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising an outer surface and glass articles of any one of aspects (16) to (27).

[0307] Aspect (77) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle of aspect (75) or aspect (76), wherein an outer surface forms one of an engine cover, a headlight cover, a taillight cover, a door panel cover, or a pillar cover.

[0308] Aspect (78) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle including an inner surface and glass articles of any one of aspects (1) to (15).

[0309] Aspect (79) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle including an inner surface and glass articles of any one of aspects (16) to (27).

[0310] Aspect (80) of this disclosure relates to a vehicle of aspect (78) or aspect (79), wherein an inner surface forms one of a door trim panel, a seat back, a door panel, a dashboard, a center console, a floor, a rearview mirror, and a pillar.

Claims

1. A glass article comprising a glass composition, the glass composition comprising: Si02 in an amount in a range from 65 mol% to 70 mol%; AI2O3 in an amount in a range from 7 mol% to 13 mol%; Na20 in an amount in a range from 14 mol% to 18 mol%; R2O in an amount from 13 mol% to 24 mol%, where R2O = Li20 + Na20 + K20; P2O5 in an amount in a range from 0 mol% to 1.5 mol%; and where the glass composition comprises one or both of MgO and ZnO, where the amount of MgO is in a range from 0 mol% to 7 mol%, and where the amount of ZnO is in a range from 0 mol% to 7 mol%, where the glass article comprises a sag temperature in a range from 625 °C to 680 °C, where the glass composition is substantially free of Li20, where the glass composition is substantially free of B203, where the glass article comprises a softening point in a range from 725 °C to 800 °C; where the glass article comprises an annealing point in a range from 550 °C to 610 °C, and where the relationship (annealing point + softening point) / 2 is in a range from 625 °C to 725 °C.

2. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glass article comprises a temperature in degrees Celsius (T 200 ) at a viscosity of 200 poise and a temperature in degrees Celsius (T 35000 ) at a viscosity of 35,000 poise, and wherein T 200 - T 35000 is in a range from 400 °C to 600 °C.

3. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glass article comprises a temperature in degrees Celsius (T 200 ) at a viscosity of 200 poise, and wherein the difference between the relationship (anneal point + softening point) / 2 and T 200 is less than -800 °C.

4. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glass article comprises a temperature in degrees Celsius (T 35000 ) at a viscosity of 35,000 poise, and wherein the difference between the relationship (anneal point + softening point) / 2 and T 35000 is less than -300 °C.

5. The glass article of claim 2, wherein T 200 is greater than 1030 °C. 35000 either or both of T 200 and T 35000 is greater than 1030 °C.

6. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glass composition comprises Fe203 in an amount in a range from 0.01 mol% to 0.9 mol%.

7. The glass article of claim 6, wherein the amount of R2O is in a range from 15 mol% to 24 mol%.

8. The glass article of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of AI2O3 is in a range from 8 mol% to 11 mol%, and the glass composition comprises K20 in an amount in a range from 1 mol% to 3.5 mol%.

9. The glass article of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the relationship (annealing point + softening point) / 2 is less than 670 °C.

10. The glass article of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of Na20 is in a range from 16 mol% to 18 mol%.

11. The glass article of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the amount of MgO is 0.5 mol% to 6.5 mol%, and the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.

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