A temporary support method for cave dwelling

Abstract

The invention discloses a temporary support method for cave dwellings, which belongs to the technical field of cave dwelling support. Before the cave dwellings are repaired, renovated, expanded or demolished, the relevant cave dwellings are reinforced with full-chamber brackets, and then constructed by artificial methods; wherein, the installation of the full-chamber brackets includes the following steps: S100, according to the net depth of the cave dwellings, the full-chamber brackets of each cave dwelling are made; S200, the full-chamber brackets are installed from the inside to the outside, and each set of brackets needs to be pre-applied with a certain jacking load to keep it relatively stable; S300, after the full-chambers of a cave dwelling are fully installed, multiple sets of brackets are required to simultaneously perform upward jacking operation construction, and prestress is applied in place; S400, the left gravity retaining wall is constructed to the top of the arch ring; S500, after the gravity retaining wall is fully built, the longitudinal connection sweeping rod and the transverse connection sweeping rod of the full-chamber bracket are fully connected in place in time. The invention can realize the role of temporary support, is convenient for construction and disassembly, and is flexible to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cave dwelling support, and in particular relates to a temporary cave dwelling support method. Background Art

[0002] Cave dwelling architectural relics are mainly distributed in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region of my country. Based on the building materials, they can be divided into four types: stone caves, earthen kilns, brick kilns and interface kilns. The cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi are very rich in regional characteristics, but due to the interference and influence of various factors, the existing cave dwellings are basically stone kilns and brick kilns, and their structures are prone to cracks. Under the influence of natural forces such as wind and rain erosion and earthquakes, the cave dwellings have different degrees of deformation, cracks, partial collapse and other diseases, and protection and repair work is urgent. At the same time, in order to improve the external appearance of the cave dwellings and the comfort and practicality of the internal space, the process of renovation and expansion of the cave dwellings is also accelerating.

[0003] In the process of repairing, renovating, expanding or even demolishing the cave dwellings, there will be varying degrees of interference and damage to the cave dwellings themselves and the adjacent cave dwellings. At the same time, there will also be problems such as the original state of the building being destroyed and the safety of the workers cannot be guaranteed.

[0004] The existing support methods are mostly for cave dwellings with construction defects, and adopt long-term support methods, such as traction type and bracket type. It is not conducive to flexible disassembly and is not suitable for temporary protection needs of cave dwellings. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A temporary support method for a cave dwelling, before repairing, renovating, expanding or demolishing the cave dwelling, the relevant cave dwelling is reinforced with a full-height bracket, and then the construction is carried out manually; wherein the installation of the full-height bracket includes the following steps:

[0007] S100. Make full-height brackets for each cave hole according to the net depth of the cave hole;

[0008] S200, install from inside to outside in sets, each set of brackets needs to be pre-applied with a certain lifting load to keep it relatively stable;

[0009] S300, after the full hall of a cave is fully installed, multiple sets of brackets are required to simultaneously carry out the upward jacking operation and apply the prestress in place;

[0010] S400, construct the left gravity retaining wall to the top of the arch ring, so that the vertical force and lateral displacement force of the top of the left arch ring of the cave dwelling are directly transmitted to the gravity retaining wall, so as to ensure the quality and safety of the cave dwelling reinforcement;

[0011] S500. After the gravity retaining wall is fully built, the longitudinal and transverse sweeping rods of the full-hall bracket should be fully connected in time to ensure that the full-hall bracket as a whole can withstand the multiple static and dynamic loads from the cave dwelling, and ensure the safety of the cave dwelling and that it will not be damaged during the demolition of the adjacent cave dwellings.

[0012] Furthermore, before the full-hall support is reinforced and installed, all construction waste in the cave that needs to be reinforced and objects on site that may affect the reinforcement are cleaned up to ensure that there is enough operating space within the construction operation range; the cave facade enclosure structure is first dismantled and stacked manually.

[0013] Furthermore, making a full-house bracket for each cave hole includes the following steps:

[0014] S101, bracket arch

[0015] According to the different positions of the arch ring supports on the cave roof, the existing arc arch rings of the arch roof are customized and processed on site; among them, the main keel is made of seamless steel pipe, and the lower arch support is made of channel steel;

[0016] Make skeleton pieces, two skeleton pieces form a set of combined brackets, and the two skeleton pieces are longitudinally connected by seamless steel pipes;

[0017] S102, mesh backing

[0018] Seamless steel pipes are used in each frame piece to make a mesh connection with the main keel to decompose the arc force of the main keel, so that the main keel and the mesh lining are connected as a whole, and the vertical load and lateral load on the upper part of the cave arch ring are evenly decomposed to the steel support of the lower channel steel through the mesh connection, and then transmitted to the ground through the vertical pole;

[0019] S103, full-hall bracket pole

[0020] The vertical poles are made of seamless steel pipes, with multiple rows in each row. The bottom is connected longitudinally and transversely with sweeping rods to ensure its overall stability; the height of the sweeping rod from the ground is 200mm-400mm; the upper part is connected with horizontal steel pipes, with a spacing of 400mm-500mm between the upper and lower parts;

[0021] S104, full-height bracket scissors support

[0022] Each full-height bracket frame piece is connected and supported diagonally by scissor braces. The support points must be placed at stable locations on the load-bearing walls to transfer lateral loads to the ground in a timely manner to ensure lateral stability.

[0023] S105, full-chair bracket connected to the top of the cave

[0024] Each set of full-chair brackets is connected by thick steel plate dense welding at the arc-shaped main keel;

[0025] S106, full support lifting

[0026] After the full-floor bracket is installed, it should bear the corresponding load in advance;

[0027] S107, full support support point

[0028] The support points of the full-hall support must be set on a stable and flat ground and supported by steel plates, stones and wooden blocks to ensure the stability of the support points.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S103, five vertical poles are arranged in each row; the height of the sweeping pole from the ground is 300 mm; the upper part is connected with a horizontal steel pipe, and the upper and lower spacing is 500 mm.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S105, a 30-50 mm rubber pad is used for flexible connection between the upper part of the full-height bracket steel plate and the structural arch. When the spacing is large, a circular pad of corresponding thickness is used for flexible connection to ensure a tight connection between the upper part of the full-height bracket steel plate and the structural arch and timely transfer of load.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S106, a lifting and adjusting device is provided on the load-bearing uprights of the full-hall support, and is used in conjunction with a jack method to apply prestress to the full-hall support to transfer the force load of the cave vault to the load-bearing uprights, and then transfer it to the ground in a timely manner through the uprights.

[0032] Furthermore, before the cave dwellings are repaired, renovated, expanded or demolished, the load-bearing walls of the two cave dwellings adjacent to the relevant cave dwellings shall be reinforced.

[0033] Furthermore, the load-bearing wall is reinforced by a gravity retaining wall construction method, which includes the following steps:

[0034] The foundation of the gravity retaining wall is excavated manually and poured with 300mm thick C20 concrete; the rough stone retaining wall is built on the foundation of the gravity retaining wall, using rough stone with a strength of MU35 and M7.5 cement mortar;

[0035] Considering that the kiln body may overturn or shift laterally when a part of the cave is demolished, mortar-laid rough stone retaining walls are built for the two caves adjacent to the demolished cave, and gravity retaining wall support is also required for the left load-bearing wall of the demolished cave.

[0036] During the construction of gravity retaining walls, pay attention to the placement of the vertical poles of the full-height brackets.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] Compared with the existing supporting devices, the present invention can achieve the function of temporary supporting, is convenient to build and disassemble, and is flexible to use.

[0039] The present invention mostly selects local conventional building materials and technologies, and the device is repeatedly used.

[0040] In addition, the full-hall support can be set up with lifting measures as needed to ensure that the support is evenly stressed, which is suitable for cave dwellings with irregular shapes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steel pipes for the reserved full-hall support columns for building gravity stone walls Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the steel pipes for the reserved full-hall support columns for building gravity stone walls Figure 2 ;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the cave dwelling;

[0044] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Section 1-1#. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention provides a temporary cave support method. The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to make it easier to understand and grasp. Example 1

[0046] refer to Figure 1-4 A temporary support method for a cave dwelling. In this embodiment, temporary support is performed according to the net height of the cave dwelling of 3.45 meters, the net width of 3.2 meters, and the net depth of 5.6 meters. Before the cave dwelling is repaired, renovated, expanded, or demolished, the relevant cave dwellings are reinforced with full-hall brackets, and then the construction is carried out manually;

[0047] Among them, the full-chair bracket installation includes the following steps:

[0048] S100. Make full-height brackets for each cave hole according to the net depth of the cave hole;

[0049] S200, install from inside to outside in sets, each set of brackets needs to be pre-applied with a certain lifting load to keep it relatively stable;

[0050] S300, after the full hall of a cave is fully installed, multiple sets of brackets are required to simultaneously carry out the upward jacking operation and apply the prestress in place;

[0051] S400, construct the left gravity retaining wall to the top of the arch ring, so that the vertical force and lateral displacement force of the top of the left arch ring of the cave dwelling are directly transmitted to the gravity retaining wall, so as to ensure the quality and safety of the cave dwelling reinforcement;

[0052] S500. After the gravity retaining wall is fully built, the longitudinal and transverse sweeping rods of the full-hall bracket should be fully connected in time to ensure that the full-hall bracket as a whole can withstand the multiple static and dynamic loads from the cave dwelling, and ensure the safety of the cave dwelling and that it will not be damaged during the demolition of the adjacent cave dwellings.

[0053] In this embodiment, before the full-hall support is reinforced and installed, all construction waste in the cave that needs to be reinforced and objects on site that may affect the reinforcement are cleaned up to ensure that there is enough operating space within the construction operation range; the cave facade enclosure structure is first dismantled and stacked manually.

[0054] In this embodiment, making a full-height bracket for each cave hole includes the following steps:

[0055] S101, bracket arch

[0056] According to the different positions of the arch ring supports on the top of the cave, the existing curved arch rings of the arch are customized and manufactured on site; among them, the main keel is made of φ48mm (wall thickness is 3.2mm) galvanized seamless steel pipe, and the lower arch support is made of 10# channel steel.

[0057] To make the skeleton pieces, two skeleton pieces form a set of 1.0-meter-wide combined brackets, and the two skeleton pieces are longitudinally connected using 0.9-meter-long, φ32mm-diameter (wall thickness 2.0mm) galvanized seamless steel pipes.

[0058] S102, mesh backing

[0059] In each skeleton piece, φ32mm (wall thickness not less than 2.0mm) galvanized seamless steel pipe is used to make a mesh connection for the main keel to decompose the arc force of the main keel, so that the main keel and the mesh support are connected into a whole, and the vertical load and lateral load on the upper part of the cave arch ring are evenly decomposed to the steel support of the lower channel steel through the mesh connection, and then transmitted to the ground through the vertical pole.

[0060] S103, full-hall bracket pole

[0061] The vertical poles are made of galvanized seamless steel pipes with a diameter of 48mm (wall thickness of 3.2mm), with multiple rows in each row. The vertical and horizontal poles are connected by sweeping poles to ensure the overall stability. The height of the sweeping poles from the ground is 200mm-400mm. The upper part is connected by horizontal steel pipes, with a spacing of 400mm-500mm between the upper and lower parts.

[0062] More specifically, five vertical poles are set in each row; the height of the sweeping pole from the ground is 300mm to ensure the stability of the full-hall bracket; the upper part is connected with horizontal steel pipes, with a spacing of 500mm between the upper and lower parts;

[0063] S104, full-height bracket scissors support

[0064] Each full-height bracket frame piece is connected and supported diagonally by scissor braces. The support points must be placed at stable locations on the load-bearing walls to transfer lateral loads to the ground in a timely manner to ensure lateral stability.

[0065] S105, full-chair bracket connected to the top of the cave

[0066] Each set of full-chair brackets is connected by thick steel plate dense welding at the arc-shaped main keel;

[0067] Among them, 30-50mm rubber pads are used for flexible connection between the upper part of the full-span support steel plate and the structural arch. When the spacing is large, round pads of corresponding thickness are used for flexible connection. The size and quantity are determined according to the actual situation on site to ensure that the upper part of the full-span support steel plate and the structural arch are tightly connected and the load is transferred in time.

[0068] When reinforcing the leftmost vertical pole of the cave, attention should be paid to the coordination of its position with the gravity retaining wall.

[0069] S106, full support lifting

[0070] After the full-floor bracket is installed, it should bear the corresponding load in advance.

[0071] Among them, a lifting and adjusting device (the lifting and adjusting device is preferably an adjusting screw) is set on the load-bearing vertical pole of the full-hall bracket, and is used in conjunction with the jack method to apply prestress to the full-hall bracket to transfer the force load of the cave vault to the load-bearing vertical pole, and then transfer it to the ground in time through the vertical pole.

[0072] More specifically, each set of full-hall brackets (1m wide) are connected by dense welding of 1.5mm thick steel plates at the arc-shaped main purlins. Since the top of the cave dwelling on site is not completely regular, if the arch of the full-hall bracket cannot be completely and tightly attached to the top of the cave dwelling structure arch, the load on the cave dwelling structure arch cannot be transferred to the load-bearing uprights of the full-hall bracket; since the brackets are made of iron, they cannot directly contact the stones on the top of the cave dwelling, which will cause damage to the stones of the cave dwelling arch, thereby causing damage and collapse of the cave dwelling arch stones.

[0073] Therefore, 30-50mm rubber pads are used for flexible connection between the upper part of the full-floor support steel plate and the structural arch. When the spacing is large, round pads of corresponding thickness are used for flexible connection to ensure that the connection between the two is tight and the load can be transferred in time.

[0074] S107, full support support point

[0075] The support points of the full-floor support must be set on a stable and flat ground and made of steel plates, stones, and pads. If necessary, concrete can be poured to ensure the stability of the support points.

[0076] Among them, the vertical poles and scissor support legs are all made of steel plates and stones as support points.

[0077] In this embodiment, before the cave dwelling is repaired, renovated, expanded or demolished, the load-bearing walls of the two cave dwellings adjacent to the relevant cave dwelling are reinforced.

[0078] Among them, the load-bearing wall is reinforced by a gravity retaining wall construction method, which includes the following steps:

[0079] The foundation of the gravity retaining wall is excavated manually and poured with 300mm thick C20 concrete; the rough stone retaining wall is built on the foundation of the gravity retaining wall, using rough stone with a strength of MU35 and M7.5 cement mortar;

[0080] Considering that the kiln body may overturn or shift laterally when a part of the cave is demolished, mortar-laid rough stone retaining walls are built for the two caves adjacent to the demolished cave, and gravity retaining wall support is also required for the left load-bearing wall of the demolished cave.

[0081] During the construction of gravity retaining walls, pay attention to the placement of the vertical poles of the full-height brackets.

[0082] The above fully describes the technical solution of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above description. All technical solutions formed by ordinary technicians in the field using equivalent or equivalent transformations in structure, method or function based on the spirit of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary cave support method, characterized in that: Before the cave dwellings are repaired, renovated, expanded or demolished, the relevant cave dwellings are reinforced with full-height brackets, and then the construction is carried out manually; the installation of full-height brackets includes the following steps: S100. Make full-height brackets for each cave hole according to the net depth of the cave hole; S200, install from inside to outside in sets, each set of brackets needs to be pre-applied with a certain lifting load to keep it relatively stable; S300, after the full hall of a cave is fully installed, multiple sets of brackets are required to simultaneously carry out the upward jacking operation and apply the prestress in place; S400, construct the left gravity retaining wall to the top of the arch ring, so that the vertical force and lateral displacement force of the top of the left arch ring of the cave dwelling are directly transmitted to the gravity retaining wall, so as to ensure the quality and safety of the cave dwelling reinforcement; S500. After the gravity retaining wall is fully built, the longitudinal and transverse sweeping rods of the full-hall bracket should be fully connected in time to ensure that the full-hall bracket as a whole can withstand the multiple static and dynamic loads from the cave dwelling, and ensure the safety of the cave dwelling and that it will not be damaged during the demolition of the adjacent cave dwellings.

2. The temporary cave support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the full-hall support is installed for reinforcement, all construction waste in the cave that needs to be reinforced and objects on site that may affect the reinforcement are cleaned up to ensure that there is enough operating space within the construction operation range; the cave facade enclosure structure is first dismantled and stacked manually.

3. The temporary cave support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The production of the full-height bracket for each cave hole includes the following steps: S101, bracket arch According to the different positions of the arch ring supports on the cave roof, the existing arc arch rings of the arch roof are customized and processed on site; among them, the main keel is made of seamless steel pipe, and the lower arch support is made of channel steel; Make skeleton pieces, two skeleton pieces form a set of combined brackets, and the two skeleton pieces are longitudinally connected by seamless steel pipes; S102, mesh backing Seamless steel pipes are used in each frame piece to make a mesh connection with the main keel to decompose the arc force of the main keel, so that the main keel and the mesh lining are connected as a whole, and the vertical load and lateral load on the upper part of the cave arch ring are evenly decomposed to the steel support of the lower channel steel through the mesh connection, and then transmitted to the ground through the vertical pole; S103, full-hall bracket pole The vertical poles are made of seamless steel pipes, with multiple rows in each row. The bottom is connected longitudinally and transversely with sweeping rods to ensure its overall stability; the height of the sweeping rod from the ground is 200mm-400mm; the upper part is connected with horizontal steel pipes, with a spacing of 400mm-500mm between the upper and lower parts; S104, full-height bracket scissors support Each full-height bracket frame piece is connected and supported diagonally by scissor braces. The support points must be placed at stable locations on the load-bearing walls to transfer lateral loads to the ground in a timely manner to ensure lateral stability. S105, full-chair bracket connected to the top of the cave Each set of full-chair brackets is connected by thick steel plate dense welding at the arc-shaped main keel; S106, full support lifting After the full-floor bracket is installed, it should bear the corresponding load in advance; S107, full support support point The support points of the full-hall support must be set on a stable and flat ground and supported by steel plates, stones and wooden blocks to ensure the stability of the support points.

4. The temporary cave support method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S103, five vertical poles are arranged in each row; the height of the sweeping pole from the ground is 300 mm; the upper part is connected with a horizontal steel pipe, and the upper and lower spacing is 500 mm.

5. The temporary cave support method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S105, a 30-50 mm rubber pad is used for flexible connection between the upper part of the full-height support steel plate and the structural arch. When the spacing is large, a circular pad of corresponding thickness is used for flexible connection to ensure that the upper part of the full-height support steel plate and the structural arch are tightly connected and the load is transferred in time.

6. The temporary cave support method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S106, a lifting and adjusting device is provided on the load-bearing uprights of the full-hall support, and a jack method is used to apply prestress to the full-hall support to transfer the force load of the cave vault to the load-bearing uprights, and then transfer it to the ground in time through the uprights.

7. The temporary cave support method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before repairing, renovating, expanding or demolishing a cave dwelling, the load-bearing walls of the two cave dwellings adjacent to the relevant cave dwelling shall be reinforced.

8. The temporary cave support method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The load-bearing wall is reinforced by a gravity retaining wall construction method, which includes the following steps: The foundation of the gravity retaining wall is excavated manually and poured with 300mm thick C20 concrete; the rough stone retaining wall is built on the foundation of the gravity retaining wall, using rough stone with a strength of MU35 and M7.5 cement mortar; Considering that the kiln body may overturn or shift laterally when a part of the cave is demolished, mortar-laid rough stone retaining walls are built for the two caves adjacent to the demolished cave, and gravity retaining wall support is also required for the left load-bearing wall of the demolished cave. During the construction of gravity retaining walls, pay attention to the placement of the vertical poles of the full-height brackets.

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