A kind of organic matter-rich biological organic fertilizer based on tea residue raw material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizer, and specifically relates to a biological organic fertilizer rich in organic matter based on tea residue raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The biological organic fertilizer of the present invention contains 50 to 850 parts by weight of tea residue fermentation, 5 to 110 parts by weight of yeast metabolites and 5 to 110 parts by weight of plant ash. The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer of the present invention comprises the following steps: mixing the tea residue fermentation, yeast metabolites and plant ash, and then performing high-temperature composting fermentation, aging, and then drying and granulating to obtain the biological organic fertilizer. Among them, the tea residue fermentation is obtained by mixing tea residue with crop waste and adding a composite bacterial agent for fermentation. The biological organic fertilizer of the present invention has a high organic matter content, increases the content of humus in the soil, and improves the structure of the soil well. Moreover, the present invention turns tea residue into treasure, solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by rotting and stinking caused by directly discarding tea residue, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a bio-organic fertilizer rich in organic matter based on tea residues as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] China is the world's largest tea producer and consumer. In recent years, as the demand for tea has grown rapidly, the amount of tea residues produced during tea picking and deep processing has also increased rapidly. However, only a small part of these tea residues are used reasonably, and most of them are treated as low-value agricultural solid waste, which not only pollutes the environment but also causes a huge waste of tea residue resources.

[0003] Tea dregs are byproducts of deep processing of tea leaves, and are rich in active ingredients such as cellulose, theanine, tea protein, tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, caffeine, tea pigments, tea saponins, vitamins and trace elements. In addition, studies have shown that urease in the soil will hydrolyze organic nitrogen, causing ammonia volatilization, and easily cause local ammonium ion concentrations and pH to increase, thereby preventing the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, causing nitrite accumulation and soil compaction. Tea polyphenols, the main active ingredient in tea dregs, have the effect of inhibiting urease activity, thereby reducing the volatilization of organic nitrogen and the accumulation of nitrite, thereby improving the salt content in the soil, regulating the soil pH, and fundamentally solving the problem of soil compaction.

[0004] At present, the organic fertilizer produced in my country with tea residue as the main raw material has little effect on improving soil structure after long-term application, and the organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the fertilizer is low, which cannot ensure sufficient nutrition during plant growth. Therefore, exploring the use of tea residue as the main raw material to produce high-quality tea residue bio-organic fertilizer is of great significance for further extending the tea deep processing industry chain, realizing the high-value utilization of tea residue, and promoting the development of China's tea industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical problem solved by the present invention: In the prior art, organic fertilizers produced with tea residues as the main raw material have no obvious effect on improving soil structure after long-term application, and the organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the fertilizers are relatively low, which cannot guarantee the effect of promoting plant growth and increasing yield.

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer rich in organic matter based on tea residue raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention can not only significantly increase the organic matter content of the soil, but also improve the soil structure, and significantly enhance the growth-promoting and yield-increasing effect on plants.

[0007] Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which contains, by weight, 50 to 850 parts of tea residue fermentation products, 5 to 110 parts of yeast metabolites and 5 to 110 parts of wood ash; wherein the preparation method of the tea residue fermentation products comprises the following steps: by weight, mixing 10 to 400 parts of tea residues with 10 to 400 parts of crop waste, adding 0.01 to 2 parts of a composite bacterial agent for the first fermentation; the composite bacterial agent contains Bacillus.

[0009] In some embodiments, the bio-organic fertilizer contains 80-810 parts of tea residue fermentation products, 10-100 parts of yeast metabolites and 10-100 parts of plant ash.

[0010] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residue fermentation products to yeast metabolites in the bio-organic fertilizer is (5-10):1.

[0011] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residue fermentation products to yeast metabolites in the bio-organic fertilizer is (7-9):1.

[0012] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of yeast metabolites to wood ash in the bio-organic fertilizer is 1:(0.5-5).

[0013] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of yeast metabolites to wood ash in the bio-organic fertilizer is 1:(0.5-2).

[0014] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the fermented tea residue comprises the following steps: mixing 40 to 400 parts of tea residue and 40 to 400 parts of crop waste by weight, and adding 0.04 to 2 parts of a composite bacterial agent for the first fermentation.

[0015] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residues to crop waste is (0.5-5):1.

[0016] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residues to crop waste is (0.5-2):1.

[0017] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residue to composite bacterial agent is 1:(0.001-0.01).

[0018] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of tea residue to composite bacterial agent is 1:(0.001-0.005).

[0019] In some embodiments, the Bacillus comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Bacillus megaterium.

[0020] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus megaterium is (0.5-2):(0.8-1.3):(0.5-1):(1-2).

[0021] In some embodiments, the tea polyphenol content in the tea residue is 7% to 19%.

[0022] In some embodiments, the tea polyphenol content in the tea residue is 9% to 15%.

[0023] In some embodiments, the tea residues are selected from one or more of green tea residues, Pu'er tea residues, black tea residues, white tea residues, dark tea residues, golden camellia tea residues and camellia tea residues.

[0024] In some embodiments, the crop waste comprises one or more of crop straw, grain chaff, fruit husk and bagasse.

[0025] In some embodiments, the moisture content of the crop waste is 10% to 40%.

[0026] In some embodiments, the organic nitrogen content in the yeast metabolites is 15-45 g / L.

[0027] In some embodiments, the yeast metabolites have a water content of 10% to 50%.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Tea residue pretreatment: Mix crop waste and tea residue and adjust the moisture content to 25% to 50%;

[0030] (2) first fermentation: adding a composite bacterial agent to the mixed material obtained in step (1) to perform a first fermentation to obtain a fermented tea residue;

[0031] (3) Raw material mixing: mixing the tea residue fermentation product, yeast metabolites and wood ash obtained in step (2) to obtain a mixed material;

[0032] (4) composting and fermentation: subjecting the mixed material obtained in step (3) to high temperature composting and fermentation, and aging;

[0033] (5) Drying and granulation: The material obtained in step (4) is dried and granulated to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0034] In some embodiments, in step (2), the temperature of the first fermentation is 40-60° C., and / or the time of the first fermentation is 4-8 days.

[0035] In some embodiments, in step (4), the temperature of the high temperature composting fermentation is 55-75°C.

[0036] In some embodiments, in step (4), the high temperature composting fermentation time is 15 to 25 days.

[0037] In some embodiments, in step (4), when the temperature of the material rises to 55-75° C., the compost is turned, and the compost is turned every 3-5 days.

[0038] In some embodiments, in step (4), the aging temperature is 25-45°C.

[0039] In some embodiments, in step (4), the aging time is 8 to 18 days.

[0040] In some embodiments, in step (5), the drying temperature is 50-70°C.

[0041] In some embodiments, in step (5), the drying time is 4 to 8 hours.

[0042] In some embodiments, in step (5), the moisture content of the dried material is 20% to 30%.

[0043] In some embodiments, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the bio-organic fertilizer preparation method.

[0044] In some embodiments, the bio-organic fertilizer is used in the field of improving soil structure.

[0045] Beneficial Effects of the Invention

[0046] (1) The tea residue bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention is fermented from tea residue fermentation products, yeast metabolites and wood ash. Due to the high organic matter content, the content of humus in the soil is increased and the soil structure can be improved.

[0047] (2) The tea residue bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention turns tea residue into valuables, and solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by rotting and stinking caused by directly discarding tea residue. Reusing tea residue to make bio-organic fertilizer is an environmentally friendly, green, environmentally friendly, safe and clean green production method.

[0048] Strain deposit information

[0049] The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 used in the present invention was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on May 12, 2020, with a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2020118, and a deposit address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, zip code: 430072; telephone: (027) 68754052. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 has been disclosed in the invention patent with patent application number 202010731976.1 and publication number CN113980825A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In the prior art, most tea residue bio-organic fertilizers are formulated by mixing tea residue with animal manure. However, animal manure contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, and other problems, as well as heavy metals and antibiotics, which further poison plants after returning to the field and affect the safety of crops. In addition, the general tea residue bio-organic fertilizer generally has a low organic matter content, which cannot ensure sufficient nutrition during plant growth, resulting in insufficient fertilizer effect.

[0051] As described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a tea residue bio-organic fertilizer prepared with tea residue and yeast metabolites as main raw materials, which has the effect of improving soil structure and is rich in organic matter. On the one hand, the present invention adds yeast metabolites, and the obtained fertilizer contains rich organic matter, and the high content of organic matter can significantly improve the soil and increase soil permeability. On the other hand, the bio-organic fertilizer prepared with tea residue and yeast metabolites as main raw materials can inhibit urease activity, reduce the volatilization of organic nitrogen and the accumulation of nitrite, thereby improving the salinity in the soil, regulating the soil pH, and fundamentally solving the problems of soil compaction.

[0052] The first object of the present invention is to provide a biological organic fertilizer, which contains 50 to 850 parts of tea residue fermentation products, 5 to 110 parts of yeast metabolites and 5 to 110 parts of biomass wood ash by weight; wherein the preparation method of the tea residue fermentation product comprises the following steps: by weight, 10 to 400 parts of tea residues and 10 to 400 parts of rice bran are mixed, and 0.01 to 0.2 parts of a composite bacterial agent are added for the first fermentation; the composite bacterial agent contains Bacillus.

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:

[0054] (1) Tea residue pretreatment: Mix the rice bran and tea residue evenly and adjust the moisture content to 25% to 50%;

[0055] (2) first fermentation: adding a composite bacterial agent to the mixed material obtained in step (1) to perform a first fermentation to obtain a fermented tea residue;

[0056] (3) Raw material mixing: the fermented tea residue, yeast metabolites and biomass ash obtained in step (2) are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed material;

[0057] (4) composting and fermentation: subjecting the mixed material obtained in step (3) to high temperature composting and fermentation, and aging;

[0058] (5) Drying and granulation: The material obtained in step (4) is dried and granulated to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0059] The invention first ferments tea dregs with a composite bacterial agent, and then mixes with yeast metabolites and plant ash for high-temperature fermentation to prepare biological organic fertilizer. The tea polyphenols, composite bacterial agent and yeast metabolites in the tea dregs have a synergistic effect, which acts on the soil, can provide sufficient nutrition to the soil and improve the soil structure.

[0060] The yeast metabolites used in the present invention are obtained by fermentation and culture of a single strain of bacteria, and contain richer organic matter, organic acids, etc. All yeast metabolites conventionally sold on the market can be used in the present invention, and yeast metabolites produced by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. are preferred.

[0061] In some embodiments, the preparation method of yeast metabolites comprises the following steps: using saccharomyces cerevisiae as raw material and molasses as fermentation medium to perform anaerobic fermentation, then centrifuging the fermentation broth, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, and drying to obtain yeast metabolites. Wherein, the saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18) is used.

[0062] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium contains molasses, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0063] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium contains 2% to 20% molasses; preferably, the fermentation medium contains 3% to 10% molasses; more preferably, the fermentation medium contains 4% to 9% molasses.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium contains 0.03% to 0.08% urea; preferably, the fermentation medium contains 0.05% to 0.07% urea.

[0065] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium contains 0.01%-0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; preferably, the fermentation medium contains 0.03%-0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0066] In some embodiments, the anaerobic fermentation time is 20 to 30 hours.

[0067] In some embodiments, the concentration temperature is 40-50°C.

[0068] In some embodiments, the drying is drum drying.

[0069] In some embodiments, the drum drying time is 30-60 hours.

[0070] In some embodiments, the drum drying temperature is 120-150°C.

[0071] In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the drum drying is 3 to 6 r / min.

[0072] Among them, the brewer's yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18, which is a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 selected by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 has a cell diameter of about 3-5 μm, is ellipsoidal, and reproduces asexually by budding; after culturing at 30°C on a solid culture medium plate for 24 hours, it is milky white, opaque, and smooth round colonies. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on May 12, 2020, with a deposit number of CCTCCNO: M2020118. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER18 has been disclosed in the invention patent with patent application number 202010731976.1 and publication number CN113980825A.

[0073] Unless otherwise specified, the various reagents / instruments used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional commercially available products. The experimental materials and instrument information used in the present invention are shown in the following table:

[0074] Table 1 Experimental materials / instruments and manufacturers

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] The determination of organic matter content in the present invention refers to Appendix C (Normative) Determination of Organic Matter Content (Potassium Dichromate Volumetric Method) in the Agricultural Industry Standard NY / T525-2021 of the People's Republic of China;

[0078] The organic matter content is expressed as the mass fraction w (%) of the fertilizer and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] Wherein, c is the concentration value of ferrous sulfate standard solution, in moles per liter (mol / L); V0 is the volume value of ferrous sulfate standard solution consumed in blank test, in milliliters (mL); V is the volume value of ferrous sulfate standard solution consumed in sample determination, in milliliters (mL); 3 is the molar mass value of one-quarter carbon atom, in grams per mole (g / mol); 1.724 is the coefficient of converting organic carbon to organic matter; m is the mass value of air-dried sample, in grams (g); X0 is the water content of air-dried sample, in percentage (%); D is the fractionation multiple, fixed volume / fractionation volume, 250 / 50.

[0081] The determination of total nitrogen content in the present invention refers to the determination of total nutrient content in Appendix D (normative) of the Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China NY / T525-2021, D.1 Determination of total nitrogen content;

[0082] The total nitrogen content of the fertilizer is expressed as the mass fraction (%) of the fertilizer and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Wherein, c is the molar concentration of the calibration standard solution, in mol / L; V0 is the volume of the calibration standard solution consumed in the blank test, in milliliters (mL); V is the volume of the calibration standard solution consumed in the sample determination, in milliliters (mL); 14 is the molar mass of nitrogen, in grams per mole (g / mol); m is the numerical value of the air-dried sample mass, in grams (g); X0 is the numerical value of the water content of the air-dried sample; D is the fractionation multiple, fixed volume / fractionation volume, 100 / 50.

[0085] The determination of the effective phosphorus content in the present invention refers to Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Determination of the Effective Phosphorus Content in Compound Fertilizers by Quinoline Phosphomolybdate Gravimetric Method in the National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB / T15063-2020;

[0086] The effective phosphorus content (w) is measured as the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and the value is expressed in %, calculated according to the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] Wherein, m3 is the mass value of the quinoline phosphomolybdic acid precipitate obtained when determining the available phosphorus, in grams (g); m4 is the mass value of the quinoline phosphomolybdic acid precipitate obtained in the blank test when determining the available phosphorus, in grams (g); m Bis the value of the sample mass when determining available phosphorus, in grams (g); 0.03207 is the coefficient for converting the mass of quinoline phosphomolybdate into the mass of phosphorus pentoxide; 25 is the value of the volume of the absorbed sample solution, in milliliters (mL); 250 is the value of the total volume of the sample solution, in milliliters (mL).

[0089] The determination of total potassium content in the present invention refers to GB / T 17767.3-2010 Determination of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers Part 3: Total potassium content;

[0090] The total potassium content w, expressed as the mass fraction of potassium oxide (K2O), is calculated in %, according to the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, m2 is the numerical value of the mass of the precipitate obtained from the test solution, in grams (g); m1 is the numerical value of the mass of the precipitate obtained during the blank test, in grams (g); 0.1314 is the coefficient for converting the mass of potassium tetraphenylborate into the mass of potassium oxide; m0 is the numerical value of the mass of the sample, in grams (g); 25 is the numerical value of the volume of the sample solution absorbed, in milliliters (mL); 250 is the numerical value of the total volume of the sample solution, in milliliters (mL).

[0093] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] The preparation steps of tea residue bio-organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0096] (1) 40 kg of green tea residue (the content of tea polyphenols in the tea residue is 9%), 0.04 kg of mixed bacterial agent (the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent and Bacillus megaterium agent is 1:1:1:1) and 40 kg of rice bran (water content 26%) are mixed evenly, and the water content after mixing is 46%, and then fermented at a fermentation temperature of 40°C and a fermentation time of 8 days.

[0097] (2) The fermented material obtained in step (1), 10 kg of yeast metabolites (the organic nitrogen content in the yeast metabolites is 20 g / L and the water content is 10%) and 10 kg of biomass wood ash are put into a mixer and stirred to obtain a tea residue mixture.

[0098] (3) Carry out high-temperature composting fermentation at 55°C. When the temperature rises to 55°C, turn the compost every 3 days. Ferment for 15 days until the compost is mature and the moisture content of the material reaches 35%.

[0099] (4) The decomposed materials are aged at a temperature of 30° C. for 10 days.

[0100] (5) Dry the aged material at a temperature of 50° C. for 4 hours until the moisture content of the material is 20%.

[0101] (6) The dried material is put into a granulator for granulation to obtain granular tea residue bio-organic fertilizer. The organic matter content of the tea residue bio-organic fertilizer product is measured to be 58.2%, the total nitrogen content is 6.35%, the effective phosphorus content is 6.12%, and the total potassium content is 7.33%.

[0102] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (with an organic nitrogen content of 20 g / L and a water content of 10%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as a raw material and molasses as an initial fermentation medium (molasses added in an amount of 4 wt%, urea added in an amount of 0.05 wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate added in an amount of 0.03 wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000 r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50° C., and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, the drying temperature is set to 150° C., the rotation speed is 6 r / min, and the drum is dried for 60 hours to obtain the yeast metabolite.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] The preparation steps of tea residue bio-organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0105] (1) 200 kg of green tea residue (the content of tea polyphenols in the tea residue is 12%), 0.5 kg of mixed bacterial agent (the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent and Bacillus megaterium agent is 1:1:1:1) and 200 kg of rice bran (water content is 18%) are mixed evenly, and the water content after mixing is 38%, and then fermented at a fermentation temperature of 50° C. and a fermentation time of 6 days.

[0106] (2) The fermented material obtained in step (1), 50 kg of yeast metabolites (the organic nitrogen content of the yeast metabolites is 30 g / L and the water content is 35%) and 50 kg of biomass wood ash are put into a mixer and stirred to obtain a tea residue mixture.

[0107] (3) Carry out high-temperature composting fermentation at 65°C. When the material temperature rises to 65°C, turn the compost over once every 3 days. Ferment for 20 days until the compost is mature and the moisture content of the material reaches 45%.

[0108] (4) The decomposed materials are aged at a temperature of 35° C. for 12 days.

[0109] (5) Dry the aged material at a temperature of 60° C. for 6 hours until the moisture content of the material is 25%.

[0110] (6) The dried material is put into a granulator for granulation to obtain granular tea residue bio-organic fertilizer. The tea residue bio-organic fertilizer product is determined to have an organic matter content of 56.1%, a total nitrogen content of 7.49%, an available phosphorus content of 7.2%, and a total potassium content of 8.84%.

[0111] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (with an organic nitrogen content of 30 g / L and a water content of 35%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as a raw material and molasses as an initial fermentation medium (molasses addition amount of 6 wt%, urea addition amount of 0.06 wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition amount of 0.04 wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000 r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50° C., and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, the drying temperature is set to 135° C., the rotation speed is 4 r / min, and the drum is dried for 48 hours to obtain the yeast metabolite.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] The preparation steps of tea residue bio-organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0114] (1) 400 kg of green tea residue (the content of tea polyphenols in the tea residue is 15%), 2 kg of mixed bacterial agent (the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent and Bacillus megaterium agent is 1:1:1:1) and 400 kg of rice bran (water content 10%) are mixed evenly, and the water content after mixing is 25%, and then fermented at a fermentation temperature of 60°C and a fermentation time of 4 days.

[0115] (2) The fermented material obtained in step (1), 100 kg of yeast metabolites (the organic nitrogen content in the yeast metabolites is 40 g / L and the water content is 50%) and 100 kg of biomass wood ash are put into a mixer and stirred to obtain a tea residue mixture material.

[0116] (3) Carry out high-temperature composting fermentation at 75°C. When the material temperature rises to 75°C, turn the compost over. Fermentation is continued every 3 days for 25 days until the compost is mature and the moisture content of the material reaches 50%.

[0117] (4) The decomposed materials are aged at a temperature of 40° C. for 15 days.

[0118] (5) Dry the aged material at 70°C for 8 hours until the moisture content of the material is 22%.

[0119] (6) The dried material is put into a granulator for granulation to obtain granular tea residue bio-organic fertilizer. The tea residue bio-organic fertilizer product is measured to have an organic matter content of 61.3%, a total nitrogen content of 6.68%, an available phosphorus content of 7.48%, and a total potassium content of 6.95%.

[0120] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (with an organic nitrogen content of 40 g / L and a water content of 50%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as a raw material and molasses as an initial fermentation medium (molasses addition amount of 8 wt%, urea addition amount of 0.07 wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition amount of 0.05 wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000 r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50° C., and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, the drying temperature is set to 120° C., the rotation speed is 3 r / min, and the drum is dried for 30 hours to obtain the yeast metabolite.

[0121] Example 4

[0122] The preparation steps of tea residue bio-organic fertilizer are as follows:

[0123] (1) 100 kg of green tea residue (the content of tea polyphenols in the tea residue is 13%), 0.5 kg of mixed bacterial agent (the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus subtilis agent and Bacillus megaterium agent is 0.5:1:0.8:1.5) and 100 kg of rice bran (water content 20%) are mixed evenly, and the water content after mixing is 31%, and then fermented at a fermentation temperature of 45° C. and a fermentation time of 7 days.

[0124] (2) The fermented material obtained in step (1), 25 kg of yeast metabolites (the organic nitrogen content in the yeast metabolites is 25 g / L, and the water content is 14%) and 25 kg of biomass wood ash are put into a mixer and stirred and mixed to obtain a tea residue mixture material.

[0125] (3) Carry out high-temperature composting fermentation at 70°C. When the material temperature rises to 70°C, turn the compost over. Fermentation is continued every 3 days for 18 days until the compost is mature. The moisture content of the material reaches 40% at this time.

[0126] (4) The decomposed materials are aged at a temperature of 35° C. for 12 days.

[0127] (5) Dry the aged material at a temperature of 55° C. for 5 hours until the moisture content of the material is 22%.

[0128] (6) The dried material is put into a granulator for granulation to obtain granular tea residue bio-organic fertilizer. The tea residue bio-organic fertilizer product is measured to have an organic matter content of 60.7%, a total nitrogen content of 7.15%, an available phosphorus content of 6.85%, and a total potassium content of 7.22%.

[0129] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (with an organic nitrogen content of 25 g / L and a water content of 14%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as a raw material and molasses as an initial fermentation medium (molasses addition amount of 5 wt%, urea addition amount of 0.06 wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition amount of 0.03 wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000 r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50° C., and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, the drying temperature is set to 145° C., the rotation speed is 5 r / min, and the drum is dried for 55 hours to obtain the yeast metabolite.

[0130] Comparative Example 1

[0131] The tea residue raw material was replaced with rice bran, and the other component proportions and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 3. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 45.4%, a total nitrogen content of 3.14%, an available phosphorus content of 2.08%, and a total potassium content of 4.31%.

[0132] Comparative Example 2

[0133] No yeast metabolites were added, and the other component ratios and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 3. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 42.3%, a total nitrogen content of 1.17%, an available phosphorus content of 0.06%, and a total potassium content of 3.15%.

[0134] Comparative Example 3

[0135] The bio-organic fertilizer was prepared by using tea residue with a tea polyphenol content of 5%, and the other component ratios and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 3. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 54.4%, a total nitrogen content of 4.93%, an available phosphorus content of 5.37%, and a total potassium content of 4.57%.

[0136] Comparative Example 4

[0137] The bio-organic fertilizer was prepared by using tea residue with a tea polyphenol content of 20%, and the other component proportions and steps were exactly the same as those in Example 1. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 49.3%, a total nitrogen content of 5.14%, an available phosphorus content of 5.48%, and a total potassium content of 5.84%.

[0138] Comparative Example 5

[0139] The bio-organic fertilizer was prepared by using yeast metabolites with an organic nitrogen content of 10 g / L, and the other component ratios and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 3. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 48.3%, a total nitrogen content of 3.17%, an available phosphorus content of 4.26%, and a total potassium content of 4.28%.

[0140] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (with an organic nitrogen content of 10 g / L and a water content of 50%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as a raw material and molasses as an initial fermentation medium (molasses addition amount of 3 wt%, urea addition amount of 0.03 wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition amount of 0.01 wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000 r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation and concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50° C., and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, the drying temperature is set to 120° C., the rotation speed is 3 r / min, and the drum is dried for 30 hours to obtain the yeast metabolite.

[0141] Comparative Example 6

[0142] The bio-organic fertilizer was prepared by using yeast metabolites with an organic nitrogen content of 50 g / L, and the other component ratios and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 1. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 50.6%, a total nitrogen content of 5.73%, an available phosphorus content of 4.84%, and a total potassium content of 6.27%.

[0143] The preparation steps of the yeast metabolite (organic nitrogen content is 50 g / L, water content is 50%) are as follows: using brewer's yeast as raw material, molasses as initial fermentation medium (molasses addition amount is 10wt%, urea addition amount is 0.08wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition amount is 0.05wt%), anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and then centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 5000r / min for 10 minutes, taking the supernatant for evaporation concentration, the concentration temperature is 40-50°C, and the concentration is stopped when the dry matter of the fermentation liquid reaches 50%-60%, setting the drying temperature to 120°C and the rotation speed to 3r / min, and drum drying for 30 hours to obtain yeast metabolites.

[0144] Comparative Example 7

[0145] The weight ratio of tea residue (40 kg) to rice bran (12 kg) was adjusted to 1:0.3 to prepare bio-organic fertilizer, and the other component ratios and preparation methods were exactly the same as those in Example 1. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 46.2%, a total nitrogen content of 4.57%, an available phosphorus content of 3.95%, and a total potassium content of 6.17%.

[0146] Comparative Example 8

[0147] The weight ratio of tea residue (200 kg) to rice bran (500 kg) was adjusted to 1:2.5 to prepare bio-organic fertilizer, and the other component proportions and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 2. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 41.3%, a total nitrogen content of 5.29%, an available phosphorus content of 5.39%, and a total potassium content of 7.39%.

[0148] Comparative Example 9

[0149] Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sold by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.) was used to replace the composite bacterial agent to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer, and the other component ratios and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 2. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 38.5%, a total nitrogen content of 3.85%, an available phosphorus content of 3.59%, and a total potassium content of 5.63%.

[0150] Comparative Example 10

[0151] The yeast metabolites are replaced by molasses fermentation liquid, and the other component proportions and preparation steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1. The obtained biological organic fertilizer product has an organic matter content of 40.2%, a total nitrogen content of 3.17%, an available phosphorus content of 2.96%, and a total potassium content of 4.17%. The molasses fermentation liquid is prepared by adding a fermentation agent to a culture medium composed of molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other trace elements, performing aseptic closed fermentation in a fermentation tank, and performing low-temperature dehydration and evaporation concentration on the fermented material to obtain the molasses fermentation liquid.

[0152] Comparative Example 11

[0153] Bacillus licheniformis was replaced by Bacillus pumilus, and the other component proportions and preparation steps were exactly the same as those in Example 2. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product had an organic matter content of 43.1%, a total nitrogen content of 3.02%, an available phosphorus content of 3.06%, and a total potassium content of 3.85%.

[0154] Comparative Example 12

[0155] The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus megaterium is 3:1:1:1, and the other component proportions and preparation steps are exactly the same as those in Example 2. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product has an organic matter content of 38.5%, a total nitrogen content of 2.59%, an available phosphorus content of 2.16%, and a total potassium content of 2.75%.

[0156] Comparative Example 13

[0157] The weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus megaterium is 2.5:1.5:1.5:2.5, and the other component proportions and preparation steps are exactly the same as those in Example 2. The obtained bio-organic fertilizer product has an organic matter content of 42.1%, a total nitrogen content of 2.38%, an available phosphorus content of 3.02%, and a total potassium content of 3.25%.

[0158] The bio-organic fertilizers obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were tested respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0159] Table 2 The effective ingredient content of each biological organic fertilizer

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] It can be seen from Table 2 that the bio-organic fertilizers obtained in Examples 1-4 can all meet the standards, and the contents of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizers are all higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-13.

[0163] Fertilizer efficiency test: Effects on soil physical properties

[0164] The tea residue bio-organic fertilizers obtained in the above Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-13, a total of 17 kinds of organic fertilizers, were applied to the same soil respectively. The pH of the soil cultivation layer (0-20 cm) in the test area was 6.58, neutral to acidic, with a humidity of 65%, and medium and relatively uniform fertility. 5 kg of fertilizer and 4 L of water were applied per 1 square meter of soil. It was applied once. After 7 days of treatment, the soil permeability coefficient and soil bulk density were measured.

[0165] The determination of soil bulk density refers to the Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China NY / T 1121.4-2006 Soil Testing Part 4: Determination of Soil Bulk Density.

[0166] The permeability coefficient of soil is measured by a soil infiltration meter, which consists of a Martens flask, a permeameter, a bracket, and other parts, and is also equipped with soil collection tools. The Martens flask is used to install the soil column for the permeability experiment in the constant head water supply permeameter, and the bracket is used to place the Martens flask, the permeameter, and the beaker.

[0167] 1. Experimental steps:

[0168] (1) Carefully place the circular knife with the original soil into the tube of the infiltration instrument and place it on the bottom support of the infiltration instrument. When placing it, the soil sample should be slightly moist to prevent it from falling.

[0169] (2) Place the permeameter in the corresponding position on the bracket.

[0170] (3) Fill the Martens flask with water to the specified mark, tighten the cap on the water inlet, and place it in the corresponding position on the bracket.

[0171] (4) Adjust the height of the lower opening of the air inlet pipe in the Malvern flask to be slightly lower than the soil surface, and tighten the fixing screws to seal the Malvern flask.

[0172] (5) Connect the water outlet pipe of the Malchnitz flask to the water outlet of the infiltration instrument, open the water outlet valve of the Malchnitz flask slightly, allow the water to fill the water outlet pipe and gradually enter the soil sample, soak for a period of time to saturate the soil sample, and after the soil sample is saturated, close the water outlet valve of the Malchnitz flask and separate the water outlet pipe of the Malchnitz flask from the water outlet of the infiltration instrument.

[0173] (6) Put the upper cover of the permeameter on, making sure that the water inlet and the water outlet are in opposite directions. Fit the water inlet into the notch on the copper cylinder and tighten the bolts to seal the inside of the permeameter.

[0174] (7) Adjust the height of the lower outlet of the gas outlet pipe in the Martens flask so that it is higher than the soil surface. The height can be determined according to the permeability of the soil sample. For soil samples with a high permeability, the water head height can be slightly smaller; for soil samples with a low permeability, the water head height can be slightly larger, but generally not more than twice the length of the soil column.

[0175] (8) When measuring, the water outlet cannot be connected to a water pipe, otherwise the designed water head may change.

[0176] (9) After infiltration begins, the amount of water that has infiltrated can be determined based on the change in the water level in the Martens flask. The amount of water that has seeped out can also be measured with a graduated cylinder to calculate the infiltration rate over a fixed period of time.

[0177] (10) While measuring the permeability rate, measure the water temperature and convert the permeability rate to the permeability coefficient at 10°C according to the formula for comparison. After the permeability rate becomes constant, observe 3-5 more sets of data and stop the experiment.

[0178] 2. Calculation

[0179]

[0180] Q——Flow rate, i.e. the amount of water that penetrates a certain area, mL

[0181] l——thickness of saturated soil layer, i.e. the distance of infiltration, cm

[0182] S——Cross-sectional area of ​​the infiltration barrel, cm 2

[0183] t——The time required for water to penetrate Q, s

[0184] h——water layer thickness, mm

[0185] The results of the analysis of the effects of the organic fertilizers obtained in the various embodiments and comparative examples on the physical properties are shown in Table 3 below.

[0186] Table 3 Effects of different organic fertilizers on soil physical properties

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] As can be seen from Table 3, the soil permeability coefficient of the biological organic fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is significantly higher than that of comparative example 1-13, and the bulk density of soil is much smaller than that of comparative example 1-13. The higher the soil permeability coefficient, the more precipitation can enter the soil in time, and the lower the bulk density, the better the air permeability of the soil. The above data illustrate that applying the biological organic fertilizer obtained by embodiment 1-4 can significantly improve soil physical properties.

[0190] Fertilizer efficiency test: impact on crop growth

[0191] The present invention has 17 groups of experiments, 17 areas are set up, and the area of ​​each area is 20m 2 , respectively apply Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 13, a total of 17 groups of fertilizers. After spreading 10 kg of fertilizer in each area, plough the soil, sow an equal amount of cabbage seeds in the soil, cover the soil with a heat preservation film, and after the seeds take root and grow leaves, remove the film to allow them to grow normally, observe their growth, and record the emergence time. After the cabbage has grown for one month, take out the plants intact using the five-point sampling method, clean them, and weigh the fresh weight. The yield is calculated based on the fresh weight, and the average value is calculated.

[0192] Table 4 Effects of different organic fertilizers on crop growth

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] As can be seen from Table 4, after applying the biological organic fertilizer of Examples 1-4, the emergence time of Chinese cabbage is significantly shortened, which is lower than the emergence time of Comparative Examples 1-13, and the yield of Chinese cabbage obtained by Examples 1-4 is also higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-13. The above data illustrate that the organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention acts on Chinese cabbage, which significantly accelerates the emergence time of Chinese cabbage, and the shortening of the emergence time of Chinese cabbage reflects that the organic fertilizer can improve the problem of soil compaction, and the application of the organic fertilizer also increases the yield of Chinese cabbage.

[0196] Although the above describes the specific implementation methods of the present invention, it does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The bio-organic fertilizer contains 50 to 850 parts of tea residue fermentation products, 5 to 110 parts of yeast metabolites and 5 to 110 parts of plant ash in parts by weight; The preparation method of the tea residue fermentation product comprises the following steps: by weight, 40 to 400 parts of tea residues and 40 to 400 parts of crop waste are mixed, and 0.01 to 2 parts of a composite bacterial agent are added to perform a first fermentation; the composite bacterial agent contains bacillus; the bacillus includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginous and bacillus megaterium; the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginous and bacillus megaterium is 0.5 to 1:1:0.8 to 1:1 to 1.5; The tea polyphenol content in the tea residue is 9% to 15%; The organic nitrogen content of the yeast metabolites is 20 to 40 g / L; The weight ratio of the tea residue to the crop waste is 1-2:

1.

2. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The biological organic fertilizer contains 80-810 parts of tea residue fermentation products, 10-100 parts of yeast metabolites and 10-100 parts of plant ash.

3. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of tea residue fermentation product to yeast metabolite in the biological organic fertilizer is 5-10:

1.

4. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein: The weight ratio of tea residue fermentation product to yeast metabolite in the biological organic fertilizer is 5-10:

1.

5. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The weight ratio of tea residue fermentation product to yeast metabolite in the biological organic fertilizer is 7-9:

1.

6. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The weight ratio of yeast metabolites to wood ash in the biological organic fertilizer is 1:0.5-5.

7. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein: The weight ratio of yeast metabolites to wood ash in the biological organic fertilizer is 1:0.5-5.

8. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the tea residue fermentation product comprises the following steps: by weight, 40 to 400 parts of tea residue and 40 to 400 parts of crop waste are mixed, and 0.04 to 2 parts of composite bacterial agent are added to carry out the first fermentation.

9. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The weight ratio of tea residue to composite bacterial agent is 1:0.001-0.

01.

10. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein: The weight ratio of tea residue to composite bacterial agent is 1:0.001-0.

01.

11. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The weight ratio of tea residue to composite bacterial agent is 1:0.001-0.

005.

12. The bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The tea residues are selected from one or more of green tea residues, Pu'er tea residues, black tea residues, white tea residues, dark tea residues, golden camellia tea residues and camellia tea residues.

13. The bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The crop waste includes one or more of crop straw, rice bran, fruit shell and sugarcane bagasse.

14. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 12, wherein: The crop waste includes one or more of crop straw, rice bran, fruit shell and sugarcane bagasse.

15. The bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The water content of the crop waste is 10% to 40%.

16. The bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The yeast metabolite has a water content of 10% to 50%.

17. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 12, wherein: The yeast metabolite has a water content of 10% to 50%.

18. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 13, wherein: The yeast metabolite has a water content of 10% to 50%.

19. A method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Tea residue pretreatment: Mix crop waste and tea residue and adjust the moisture content to 25% to 50%; (2) first fermentation: adding a composite bacterial agent to the mixed material obtained in step (1) to perform a first fermentation to obtain a fermented tea residue; (3) Raw material mixing: mixing the tea residue fermentation product, yeast metabolites and wood ash obtained in step (2) to obtain a mixed material; (4) composting and fermentation: subjecting the mixed material obtained in step (3) to high temperature composting and fermentation, and aging; (5) Drying and granulation: The material obtained in step (4) is dried and granulated to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

20. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein: In step (2), the temperature of the first fermentation is 40 to 60° C.; and / or the time of the first fermentation is 4 to 8 days.

21. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein: In step (4), the temperature of the high temperature composting fermentation is 55-75°C.

22. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 20, wherein: In step (4), the temperature of the high temperature composting fermentation is 55-75°C.

23. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein: In step (4), the high temperature composting fermentation time is 15 to 25 days.

24. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 20, wherein: In step (4), the high temperature composting fermentation time is 15 to 25 days.

25. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 21, wherein: In step (4), the high temperature composting fermentation time is 15 to 25 days.

26. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 21, wherein: In step (4), when the temperature of the high temperature composting material rises to 55-75° C., the compost is turned over once every 3-5 days.

27. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 23, wherein: In step (4), when the temperature of the high temperature composting material rises to 55-75° C., the compost is turned over once every 3-5 days.

28. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein: In step (4), the aging temperature is 25 to 45° C.; And / or, the aging time is 8 to 18 days.

29. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein: In step (5), the drying temperature is 50-70°C.

30. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein: In step (5), the drying time is 4 to 8 hours.

31. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 29, wherein: In step (5), the drying time is 4 to 8 hours.

32. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein: In step (5), the moisture content of the dried material is 20% to 30%.

33. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 29, wherein: In step (5), the moisture content of the dried material is 20% to 30%.

34. A biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 20-33.

35. Use of the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 34 in the field of improving soil structure.

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