An ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure and excavation construction method

Abstract

A super-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure and excavation construction method relate to highway underground engineering construction technology, in particular, the specific layout of the spiral tunnel and its structural type and its excavation construction method. It has a tunnel main tunnel composed of several spiral tunnels. The key technology is to set up a slag shaft near the intersection of the upper and lower layers of the spiral tunnel. The upper part of the slag shaft is connected to the upper layer of the spiral tunnel through an upper flat tunnel, and the lower part of the slag shaft is connected to the lower layer of the spiral tunnel through a lower flat tunnel. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that by setting up a shaft structure, the present invention can effectively save the slag transportation cost generated by the slag discharge distance of the spiral tunnel. A single spiral tunnel can save about 1.5 kilometers of transportation distance, effectively improving the slag discharge efficiency during the construction period of the super-long multi-spiral tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses an ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure and an excavation construction method, which relate to highway underground engineering construction technology, in particular to the specific arrangement and structural type of the spiral tunnel and its excavation construction method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, to effectively resolve the conflict between tunnel elevation differences and horizontal distances (i.e., large elevation differences but insufficient horizontal distances), spiral tunnels are commonly used both domestically and internationally to extend the actual distance between two points. This approach simultaneously addresses the slope requirement while still meeting the required gradient. However, when constructing ultra-long tunnels, the extended construction route and spiral turns lead to long slag transport distances, low traffic efficiency, and significant safety hazards. Spiral tunnels also face the problem of significantly increased costs for temporary facilities (such as ventilation, water, and electricity supply). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above shortcomings and provide a shaft layout and structure that can effectively improve the slag removal efficiency during the construction period of ultra-long multi-spiral tunnels, as well as its excavation construction method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0004] An ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure has a tunnel main tunnel composed of several spiral tunnels. The key technology is to set up a slag shaft near the intersection of the upper and lower layers of the spiral tunnel. The upper part of the slag shaft is connected to the upper layer of the spiral tunnel through an upper horizontal tunnel, and the lower part of the slag shaft is connected to the lower layer of the spiral tunnel through a lower horizontal tunnel.

[0005] The diameter of the slag shaft is 5 to 8 meters.

[0006] The depth of the slag shaft is 50 to 200 meters.

[0007] The slope of the upper flat hole or the lower flat hole is 0-5%.

[0008] The cross-sectional size of the upper flat tunnel or the lower flat tunnel is ≥6×5m.

[0009] When excavating the slag shaft structure of an ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel:

[0010] 1) When the tunnel excavation exceeds the upper intersection of the spiral tunnel, start the excavation and support of the upper adit and slag shaft;

[0011] 2) Before excavating and supporting the slag shaft, ensure that the excavation and support of the lower flat tunnel have been completed. The lower flat tunnel should be constructed in advance after the excavation of the main tunnel exceeds the lower flat tunnel.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The present invention can effectively save the slag transportation cost caused by the slag discharge distance of the spiral tunnel by setting up a vertical shaft structure. A single spiral tunnel can save about 1.5 kilometers of transportation distance, effectively improving the slag discharge efficiency during the construction period of ultra-long multi-spiral tunnels.

[0014] 2. The setting of the vertical shaft structure allows the concrete lining of the spiral part of the tunnel to be carried out without affecting the construction of the main cavern, reducing construction interference. At the same time, the tunnel lining can also be reinforced to improve the safety factor of the tunnel.

[0015] 3. The directions of the upper and lower horizontal tunnels of the present invention are cleverly arranged. The upper horizontal tunnel opening faces the tunnel excavation direction for easy slag unloading, while the lower horizontal tunnel opening faces the tunnel slag discharge direction for easy slag loading.

[0016] 4. The present invention sets up a vertical shaft structure, which can be combined with the vertical shaft to carry out the layout of temporary pipelines and cables, greatly optimizing temporary facilities and saving the temporary facility cost of the spiral part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plane layout of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of part A;

[0019] Figure 3 Yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of part B;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slag shaft structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a planar layout diagram of the slag shaft structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The specific implementation methods are further explanations of the principles of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way. Technologies that are the same or similar to the present invention do not exceed the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figures 1 to 6 An ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure has a tunnel main tunnel 1 composed of several spiral tunnels 1.1. Its key technology is to set a slag shaft 2 near the intersection of the upper and lower layers of the spiral tunnel 1.1. The distance between the slag shaft 2 and the spiral intersection is no more than 15m. The upper part of the slag shaft 2 is connected to the upper layer of the spiral tunnel 1.1 through an upper horizontal tunnel 3, and the lower part of the slag shaft 2 is connected to the lower layer of the spiral tunnel 1.1 through a lower horizontal tunnel 4.

[0025] In order to improve the efficiency of slag discharge and facilitate the loading and unloading of slag, the opening of the upper horizontal tunnel 3 is oriented in the excavation direction of the tunnel, and the opening of the lower horizontal tunnel 4 is oriented in the slag discharge direction of the tunnel.

[0026] The diameter of the slag shaft 2 is determined in combination with the excavation progress of the main cavern (slag discharge volume), temporary facility layout requirements, etc., and is generally 5 to 8 meters.

[0027] The depth of the slag shaft 2 is determined according to the height difference between the upper and lower layers of a single spiral tunnel, and is generally 50 to 200 meters.

[0028] The upper flat tunnel 3 and the lower flat tunnel 4 are respectively connected to the tunnel main tunnel 1, and the slope can be set to 0-5% according to the needs.

[0029] The cross-sectional size of the upper horizontal tunnel 3 or the lower horizontal tunnel 4 is determined comprehensively based on the requirements of the slag loading and discharging equipment, the cross-sectional size of the main cavern, etc., and is generally not less than 6×5m.

[0030] After the slag shaft is formed, temporary facilities 5 (such as air supply pipelines, water supply pipelines, power supply cables, etc.) can be extended along the lower flat tunnel, the shaft, and the upper flat tunnel to the main tunnel working surface, saving a lot of temporary facility materials.

[0031] In the figure, 6 is a ladder for people to climb and 7 is a mountain.

[0032] A method for excavating a super-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure, the key technology of which comprises the following steps:

[0033] 1) When the tunnel excavation exceeds the upper intersection point of the spiral tunnel 1.1, the excavation and support of the upper adit 3 and the slag shaft 2 are started;

[0034] 2) Before excavating and supporting the slag shaft 2, ensure that the excavation and support of the lower flat tunnel 4 have been completed. The lower flat tunnel 4 should be constructed in advance after the excavation of the main tunnel 1 exceeds the lower flat tunnel 4.

[0035] Excavated slag can be unloaded directly from the upstream working face of the slag shaft through the upper adit 3 into the slag shaft 2 using a loader or slag truck. The slag is then discharged through the slag shaft 2 to the lower adit 4. From there, the slag is loaded into the lower adit 4 and transported to the slag dump outside the tunnel. The direction indicated by "→" in the figure indicates the direction of slag discharge.

Claims

1. An ultra-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure, comprising a main tunnel (1) consisting of a plurality of spiral tunnels (1.1), characterized in that A slag chute shaft (2) is provided near the intersection of the upper and lower layers of the spiral tunnel (1.1). The upper portion of the slag chute shaft (2) is connected to the upper layer of the spiral tunnel (1.1) through an upper horizontal tunnel (3), and the lower portion of the slag chute shaft (2) is connected to the lower layer of the spiral tunnel (1.1) through a lower horizontal tunnel (4). The opening of the upper horizontal tunnel (3) is oriented in the direction of tunnel excavation, and the opening of the lower horizontal tunnel (4) is oriented in the direction of tunnel slag discharge. The diameter of the slag chute shaft (2) is 5 to 8 meters, the depth of the slag chute shaft (2) is 50 to 200 meters, the slope of the upper horizontal tunnel (3) or the lower horizontal tunnel (4) is 0 to 5%, and the cross-sectional size of the upper horizontal tunnel (3) or the lower horizontal tunnel (4) is greater than or equal to 6×5 meters.

2. A method for excavating a super-long multi-spiral tunnel slag shaft structure, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) When the tunnel excavation exceeds the upper intersection point of the spiral tunnel (1.1), the excavation and support of the upper horizontal tunnel (3) and the slag shaft (2) are started; 2) Before the excavation and support of the slag shaft (2), ensure that the excavation and support of the lower flat tunnel (4) have been completed. The lower flat tunnel (4) is constructed in advance after the excavation of the tunnel main tunnel (1) exceeds the lower flat tunnel (4).

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