A fishway design method with movable baffles

Abstract

The application discloses a fishway design method with movable baffles, and belongs to the field of fish passing facility construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The method comprises the following steps: investigating fish passing species which need to pass through the fishway; designing a flow rate of the fishway, determining upstream and downstream operation water levels of the fishway and a design water head, determining sizes of pool rooms of the fishway, designing a baffle type and a vertical slit width of the vertical slit, determining a water head difference consumed by each pool room, and determining a slope of the fishway; determining a number of baffles and a length of the fishway, adjusting the baffle type, the pool room size and a bottom slope of the fishway, and setting the movable baffles at intervals; and the design method provides basic design steps for the movable baffle fishway which is a new type of fishway.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application discloses a design method of a movable baffle type fishway, and belongs to the field of fishway construction in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. BACKGROUND

[0002] The vertical slot type fishway is a common fishway type in engineering, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 The fishway hole of the movable baffle is a vertical slot from top to bottom, and can be divided into a general vertical slot type and a vertical slot type with a guide plate according to the complexity of the vertical slot structure, and can be divided into a double-side vertical slot type and a single-side vertical slot type according to the number of vertical slots. The vertical slot type mainly utilizes the diffusion and collision of water flow for energy dissipation, and the energy dissipation effect is sufficient, but the flow state is complex. The vertical slot type fishway is most famous for the Hell's Gate fishway on the Fraser River in Canada, and is currently widely used abroad. In China, the single-side guide vertical type is used in Damifang fishway, Qilong fishway in Zhejiang, Yuxi fishway in Anhui and Xijiang fishway in Guangxi.

[0003] The vertical slot type fishway has many advantages, but there are still some problems that fish cannot go up in the pool room. Especially different fish has different flow preference and different swimming ability. This makes it difficult for the common vertical slot type fishway to consider the uplink of multiple fish. Therefore, sometimes we have to give up the protection of some fish with low swimming ability.

[0004] Fish that have difficulty going up in the vertical slot type fishway generally have two forms. One is that there is no obvious flow line to attract in the pool room, and fish cannot find the path to go up. The other is that the fish cannot pass through the vertical slot of the vertical slot type fishway because the swimming speed is not enough.

[0005] In the design process, designers and researchers often obtain the flow velocity distribution in the pool room through model test, and then try to reproduce the flow velocity distribution in the construction. However, due to construction reasons, it is difficult to completely reproduce the flow velocity distribution in the prototype. SUMMARY

[0006] Based on the above problems, the application discloses a fishway design method with movable baffles, which aims to design a fishway to help fish with different swimming abilities to pass through the fishway.

[0007] The fishway design method with movable baffles disclosed by the application follows the following design process:

[0008] (1) Investigate the fish species that need to pass through the fishway;

[0009] (2) According to the fish species to determine the fishway design flow rate, when there are different flow rate requirements of fish species need to be protected at the same time, the movable fishway scheme is adopted, and the breakthrough swimming speed of the fish species with stronger swimming ability is selected as the reference value of the design flow rate in the design;

[0010] (3) According to the basic design parameters of the dam and the fish species with higher flow rate requirements, the upstream and downstream operating water levels and the design water head of the fishway are determined;

[0011] (4) According to the fish species with larger body size, the size of the fishway pool room is determined;

[0012] (5) According to the fish species in (1) and the design flow rate in (2), the type of the vertical slot and the width of the vertical slot are preliminarily obtained;

[0013] (6) According to the design flow rate in (2) and the type of the vertical slot in (5), the water head difference required by each pool room is determined;

[0014] (7) According to the pool room length determined in (4) and the water head difference required by each pool room determined in (6), the fishway slope is determined;

[0015] (8) According to (3), (6) and (7), the number of the vertical slot and the length of the fishway are determined;

[0016] (9) Model test or numerical simulation calculation analysis adjusts the type of the vertical slot, the size of the pool room and the fishway bottom slope;

[0017] (10) Based on the above fixed vertical slot fishway, every other vertical slot in the vertical slot fishway is replaced by a movable vertical slot, that is, a movable fishway; the upstream vertical slot of each pool room of the movable fishway is a movable vertical slot, and the downstream vertical slot is a fixed vertical slot;

[0018] (11) Regardless of whether the gate at the outlet of the fishway is a push gate or other type of gate, the downstream side of the pool room is a fixed vertical slot.

[0019] The movable vertical slot of the above movable fishway comprises a fixed wing plate, a movable vertical slot, a push rod bearing, a push ball head, a hydraulic push rod and a push rod shaft.

[0020] The fixed wing plate is fixed on the fishway side wall and the fishway bottom surface through a fixed structure, and the movable vertical slot is fixed on the fishway side wall through a rotating shaft;

[0021] The push rod bearing is fixed on the movable vertical slot, the push ball head is arranged in the push rod bearing, one end of the hydraulic rod is the push ball head, the other end is the push rod shaft, and the push rod shaft is fixed on the fishway side wall.

[0022] The fixed wing plate width is the narrow partition plate width of the vertical slot fishway, and the movable partition plate width is the sum of the wide partition plate width and two-thirds of the vertical slot width of the vertical slot fishway; when the movable partition plate is completely closed, the gap width between the fixed wing plate and the movable partition plate is one-third of the vertical slot width.

[0023] The operation mode of the movable partition plate fishway is as follows:

[0024] 1) The movable partition plates of the fishway are partially opened, so that the vertical slot width at each movable partition plate is the vertical slot width determined in steps (5) and (9), and this state is the normal operation mode of the movable partition plate fishway;

[0025] 2) When the monitoring system finds that a large number of fish objects in a pool room (the pool room) cannot go upstream, the following scheduling is performed:

[0026] 2-1) When the movable partition plate is on the upstream side of the pool room, first close the downstream movable partition plate of the downstream adjacent pool room, so that the movable partition plate is in a completely closed state, that is, the downstream movable partition plate of the downstream adjacent pool room is closed to one-third of the position;

[0027] Due to the closing of the downstream movable partition plate, the water level of the pool room and the downstream adjacent pool room rises, so that the water level difference between the pool room and the upstream pool room is reduced, and the flow rate at the movable partition plate is reduced, and the blocked fish passes through the movable partition plate and moves upstream;

[0028] 2-2) When the movable partition plate is on the downstream side of the pool room, close the movable partition plate of the pool room, so that the water level of the pool room rises, and the water level difference between the pool room and the upstream pool room is reduced, and the flow rate at the upstream fixed partition plate of the pool room is reduced;

[0029] 3) After the above scheduling is completed, the blocked fish enters the next level pool room, and if it is still blocked, the above scheduling mode is repeated;

[0030] 4) When all the blocked fish leave the fishway from the outlet, the fishway returns to the normal operation mode in 1).

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present application are that the present application proposes a new fishway design method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The fishway arrangement in the prior art;

[0033] Figure 2 The movable partition plate fishway proposed by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The fishway design method with movable baffles comprises the following design process:

[0037] (1) Investigate the fish species that need to pass through the fishway, including: Lhasa naked schizothorax, Schizothorax dispar, and Schizothorax reevesae;

[0038] (2) Determine the flow rate of the fishway according to the fish species, when different fish species need to be protected at the same time, the movable baffle fishway scheme is adopted, and the breakthrough swimming speed of the fish with strong swimming ability is selected as the reference value of the design flow rate;

[0039] (3) Determine the upstream and downstream operating water levels and the design water head of the fishway according to the basic design parameters of the dam and the fish species with high flow rate requirements;

[0040] (4) Determine the size of the pool chamber according to the fish species with large body size;

[0041] (5) According to the fish species in (1) and the design flow rate in (2), the baffle type and the vertical slit width are preliminarily obtained;

[0042] (6) According to the design flow rate in (2) and the baffle type in (5), determine the water head difference required by each pool chamber;

[0043] (7) According to the pool chamber length determined in (4) and the water head difference required by each pool chamber determined in (6), determine the slope of the fishway;

[0044] (8) According to (3), (6) and (7), determine the number of baffles and the length of the fishway;

[0045] (9) Model test or numerical simulation calculation analysis adjusts the baffle type, pool chamber size and fishway bottom slope;

[0046] (10) Based on the above fixed baffle fishway, replace every other wide baffle in the vertical slit type fishway with a movable baffle type, which is a movable baffle fishway; the upstream baffle of each pool chamber of the movable baffle fishway is a movable baffle, and the downstream baffle is a fixed baffle;

[0047] (11) Regardless of whether the gate at the outlet of the fishway is a push gate or other type of gate, the downstream side of the pool chamber is a fixed baffle.

[0048] The movable baffle of the movable baffle fishway comprises a fixed wing plate 11, a movable baffle 12, a push rod bearing 16, a push ball head 15, a hydraulic push rod 13, and a push rod shaft 14.

[0049] The fixed wing plate 11 is fixed on the fishway side wall and the fishway bottom surface through a fixed structure, and the movable baffle 12 is fixed on the fishway side wall through a rotating shaft;

[0050] The push rod bearing 16 is fixed on the movable baffle 12, the push ball head 15 is placed in the push rod bearing 16, one end of the hydraulic rod is the push ball head 15, the other end is the push rod shaft 14, and the push rod shaft 14 is fixed on the fishway side wall.

[0051] The width of the fixed wing plate 11 is the width of the narrow baffle of the vertical slot fishway, and the width of the movable baffle 12 is the width of the wide baffle of the vertical slot fishway and 2 / 3 of the design vertical slot width; when the movable baffle is completely closed, the gap width between the fixed wing plate 11 and the movable baffle 12 is 1 / 3 of the vertical slot width.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The operation mode of the above movable baffle fishway is:

[0054] 1) The movable baffles of the fishway are partially opened, so that the vertical slot width at each movable baffle is the vertical slot width determined in steps (5) and (9), and this state is the normal operation mode of the movable baffle fishway;

[0055] 2) The monitoring system finds that a large number of fish objects in the pool room 3 cannot go upstream, and the following scheduling is performed:

[0056] 2-1) The upstream movable baffle 31 of the pool room 3 is closed, and the downstream movable baffle 51 of the adjacent pool room 4 downstream is closed first, so that the downstream movable baffle 51 is in a completely closed state, that is, the vertical slot width between the downstream movable baffle 51 and the downstream wing wall 52 is adjusted to 1 / 3 of the design vertical slot width;

[0057] Due to the closing of the downstream movable baffle 51, the water level of the pool room 3 and the downstream adjacent pool room 4 rises, which reduces the water level difference between the pool room 3 and the upstream pool room 2, and further reduces the flow rate at the movable baffle 31 of the pool room, so that the blocked individuals pass through the vertical slot between the pool room 2 and the pool room 3 and move upstream;

[0058] 2-2) When the movable baffle is on the downstream side of the pool room, the movable baffle of the pool room is closed, so that the water level of the pool room rises, reducing the water level difference between the pool room and the upstream pool room, and reducing the flow rate at the upstream fixed baffle of the pool room.

[0059] 3) After the above scheduling is completed, the blocked fish enters the next level pool room, and if it is still blocked, the above scheduling mode is repeated;

[0060] Until the blocked fish leaves the fishway from the outlet, the normal operation mode in 1) is restored.

Claims

1. A fish passage design method with a movable barrier, characterized by: The following design procedure is followed: (1) Investigate the fish species that need to pass through the fishway; (2) Determine the flow rate of the fishway according to the fish species, when different flow rate requirements exist for fish species that need to be protected at the same time, adopt the dynamic baffle fishway scheme, and select the burst swimming speed of the fish species with stronger swimming ability as the reference value of the design flow rate; (3) Determine the upstream and downstream operating water levels and the design water head of the fishway according to the basic design parameters of the dam and the fish species with higher flow rate requirements; (4) Determine the pool room size of the fishway according to the fish species with larger body size; (5) Preliminarily obtain the baffle type and vertical slit width that form the vertical slit according to the fish species in (1) and the design flow rate in (2); (6) Determine the water head difference required by each pool room according to the design flow rate in (2) and the baffle type in (5); (7) Determine the fishway slope according to the pool room length determined in (4) and the water head difference required by each pool room determined in (6); (8) Determine the number of baffles and the length of the fishway according to (3), (6) and (7); (9) Model test or numerical simulation calculation and analysis are performed to adjust the baffle type, pool room size and fishway bottom slope; (10) Based on the fixed baffle fishway, replace every other baffle in the vertical slit type fishway with a dynamic baffle type, that is, the dynamic baffle fishway; the upstream baffle of each pool room of the dynamic baffle fishway is a dynamic baffle, and the downstream baffle is a fixed baffle; (11) Regardless of whether the gate at the outlet of the fishway is a push gate or other type of gate, the downstream side of the pool room adjacent to the gate is a fixed baffle; The dynamic baffle fishway comprises: a fixed wing plate and a dynamic baffle; The fixed wing plate is fixed on the fishway side wall and the fishway bottom surface through a fixed structure, and the dynamic baffle is fixed on the fishway side wall through a rotating shaft; The width of the fixed wing plate is the width of the narrow baffle of the vertical slit type fishway, and the width of the dynamic baffle is the sum of the width of the wide baffle of the vertical slit type fishway and 2 / 3 of the width of the vertical slit; when the dynamic baffle is completely closed, the gap width between the fixed wing plate and the dynamic baffle is 1 / 3 of the width of the vertical slit; The operation mode of the dynamic baffle fishway is as follows: 1) Partially open each dynamic baffle of the fishway, so that the vertical slit width at each dynamic baffle is the vertical slit width determined in steps (5) and (9); this state is the normal operation mode of the dynamic baffle fishway; 2) When the monitoring system finds that a large number of fish objects cannot move upstream in a pool room, the following scheduling is performed: 2-1) When the dynamic baffle is on the upstream side of the pool room, first close the downstream side dynamic baffle of the downstream adjacent pool room, so that the dynamic baffle is in a completely closed state, that is, close the downstream side dynamic baffle of the downstream adjacent pool room to 1 / 3 of the position; Due to the closing of the downstream side dynamic baffle, the water level of the pool room and the downstream adjacent pool room rises, which reduces the water level difference between the pool room and the upstream pool room, and in turn reduces the flow rate at the dynamic baffle, so that the blocked fish can swim upstream through the dynamic baffle; 2-2) When the dynamic baffle is on the downstream side of the pool room, close the dynamic baffle of the pool room, so that the water level of the pool room rises, reducing the water level difference between the pool room and the upstream pool room, and reducing the flow rate at the vertical slit of the upstream fixed baffle of the pool room; 3) After the above scheduling is completed, the blocked fish enters the upper pool room, and if it is still blocked, the above scheduling method is repeated; When the blocked fish leaves the fishway from the fishway exit, the fishway returns to the normal operation mode in 1).

2. The fishway design method with a movable partition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable partition fishway further comprises a push rod bearing, a push ball head, a hydraulic push rod, and a push rod shaft. The push rod bearing is fixed on the movable partition, the push ball head is placed in the push rod bearing, one end of the hydraulic rod is the push ball head, the other end is the push rod shaft, and the push rod shaft is fixed on the fishway side wall.

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