Torque wrench

Abstract

This invention provides a torque wrench, belonging to the technical field of power construction tools. It includes a torque wrench body, multiple sockets, an extension rod, a grip, a limiting mechanism, and a placement mechanism. The torque wrench body has an extension groove at its bottom end. The multiple sockets are of different specifications and are used in conjunction with the torque wrench body. The extension rod is slidably installed in the extension groove, adapting to the groove, with its bottom end extending beyond the groove. The length of the extension rod is greater than the length of the groove. The grip is fixedly fitted onto the extension rod. The limiting mechanism is located between the extension rod and the torque wrench body for limiting movement. The placement mechanism is located at the bottom end of the extension rod for holding the multiple sockets. The torque wrench provided by this invention has the advantages of adjustable overall length, allowing for easier installation and removal of bolts and nuts by increasing the lever arm. It also allows for convenient carrying of multiple sockets of different specifications while carrying the torque wrench body, making it easy to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power construction tools technology, and more specifically, relates to a torque wrench. Background Technology

[0002] A torque wrench is a special type of wrench. Its torque is designed based on the bending principles of beams, torsion bars, and coil springs, and it measures the magnitude of the torque acting on a nut. A torque wrench is first set with a desired upper limit torque value. When the applied torque reaches the set value, the wrench will make a clicking sound or bend slightly at the connection point, indicating that the lug is tight and no further force should be applied. Power supply departments frequently use torque wrenches when inspecting and maintaining equipment. Torque wrenches require sockets for use, and different socket sizes are needed for different sized bolts and nuts. The socket is attached to the torque wrench for easy installation and removal of bolts and nuts.

[0003] However, the length of the handle of existing torque wrenches is generally fixed, and the handle length cannot be adjusted to save effort when it is difficult to install or remove bolts and nuts. Furthermore, when using a torque wrench, it is usually necessary to carry multiple sockets of different sizes, but existing torque wrenches cannot install multiple sockets at the same time, which is inconvenient to use.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a torque wrench with adjustable length to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a torque wrench to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art. It has the advantages of saving effort by increasing the lever arm when disassembling and assembling bolts and nuts is relatively difficult, and can conveniently carry multiple sockets of different specifications at the same time when carrying the torque wrench body, making it more convenient to use.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A torque wrench is provided, comprising a torque wrench body, multiple sockets, an extension rod, a grip, a limiting mechanism, and a placement mechanism. The torque wrench body has an extension groove at its bottom end; the multiple sockets are of different specifications and are used in conjunction with the torque wrench body; the extension rod is slidably installed within the extension groove, the extension rod is adapted to the extension groove, and the bottom end of the extension rod extends beyond the extension groove, the length of the extension rod being greater than the length of the extension groove; the grip is fixedly sleeved on the extension rod; the limiting mechanism is provided with…

[0007] The extension rod and the torque wrench body are positioned to limit the movement; a placement mechanism is located at the bottom of the extension rod to hold multiple sockets.

[0008] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting post, a stop, a sliding rod, a spring, and multiple slots. A mounting groove is formed at the top of the extension rod, and a sliding hole is formed on one inner wall of the mounting groove. The limiting post is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the sliding hole, and both ends of the limiting post extend to...

[0009] Outside the sliding hole, a sliding groove is provided at one end of the limiting post. The sliding rod is slidably installed in the sliding groove. One end of the sliding rod extends to the outside of the sliding groove and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the mounting groove. The spring is slidably sleeved on the limiting post. Multiple slots are opened on the inner wall of one side of the extension groove. One end of the limiting post extends into the corresponding slot.

[0010] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, multiple slots are arc-shaped, one end of the limiting post is hemispherical, and the limiting post is adapted to the slot.

[0011] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, the bottom end of the extension rod is provided with a connecting post. The connecting post is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the extension rod and is provided with external threads for connection with the placement mechanism via a threaded structure.

[0012] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, the placement mechanism includes a wheel, multiple placement slots, a base box, a pressure plate, and multiple mounting blocks. The wheel has threaded holes, and the wheel is screwed through these threaded holes.

[0013] The groove is set on the connecting column, and multiple placement slots are opened at the bottom of the wheel. Multiple sleeves are located in multiple placement slots. External threads are opened on the outer wall of the wheel. The bottom box is threadedly installed on the outer wall of the wheel. The pressure plate is located in the bottom box. Multiple mounting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the pressure plate. The multiple mounting blocks are arranged in a ring. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the bottom box. The multiple mounting blocks extend into the annular groove.

[0014] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, multiple mounting blocks have ball bearings nested at their top and bottom, and annular track grooves are formed on the top and bottom inner walls of the annular groove, with multiple ball bearings respectively contacting the inner walls of the two annular track grooves.

[0015] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, the pressure plate has multiple movable holes, and one end of each of the multiple sleeves passes through the multiple movable holes.

[0016] In one possible implementation, combining the above technical solutions, the wheel and the base box constitute a disc structure.

[0017] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, a magnet is provided on the bottom box.

[0018] In one possible implementation, based on the above technical solutions, a non-Newtonian fluid protective layer is provided on the outside of the bottom box.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the torque wrench provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention, through the cooperation of the torque wrench body, extension rod, grip sleeve and limiting mechanism, can adjust the total length of the torque wrench rod. Thus, when it is difficult to use the torque wrench body and socket to disassemble or assemble bolts and nuts, the lever arm can be increased by increasing the length of the torque wrench, thereby making it easier to disassemble or assemble bolts and nuts by rotating the torque wrench; and, through the placement mechanism, multiple sockets of different specifications can be carried at the same time and installed on the torque wrench body, thereby facilitating the carrying of the torque wrench body and sockets. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the length-adjustable torque wrench provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown below;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of part B shown below;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of part C shown below;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional assembly diagram of the slide bar and the limiting post in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wheel's structure from below in this invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a top view of the pressure plate structure in this invention.

[0028] The labels for the attached figures are as follows:

[0029] 1. Torque wrench body; 2. Extension rod; 3. Grip; 4. Limit pin; 5. Stop block;

[0030] 6. Slide rod; 7. Spring; 8. Slot; 9. Connecting post; 10. Wheel; 11. Placement slot;

[0031] 12. Sleeve; 13. Base box; 14. Pressure plate; 15. Mounting block; 16. Ball bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] It should be further noted that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention mainly describe the concept of the present invention. Based on this concept, some specific forms and arrangements of connection relationships, positional relationships, power mechanisms, power supply systems, hydraulic systems and control systems may not be fully described. However, under the premise that those skilled in the art understand the concept of the present invention, they can implement the above-mentioned specific forms and arrangements in a well-known manner.

[0034] When a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0035] The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself. The terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0036] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways, and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0037] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, and "several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] The torque wrench provided by the present invention will now be described.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the torque wrench provided in the first embodiment of the present invention includes a torque wrench body 1, a plurality of sockets 12, an extension rod 2, a grip 3, a limiting mechanism, and a placement mechanism. The torque wrench body 1 has an extension groove at its bottom end. The plurality of sockets 12 are of different specifications and are used in conjunction with the torque wrench body 1. The extension rod 2 is slidably installed in the extension groove, and the extension rod 2 is adapted to the extension groove, with its bottom end extending outside the extension groove. The length of the extension rod 2 is greater than the length of the extension groove. By pulling the extension rod 2 outwards by a certain distance, the total length of the torque wrench body 1 can be extended, thereby increasing the lever arm and making it easier to remove and install bolts and nuts when rotating the torque wrench body 1. The grip 3 is fixedly sleeved on the extension rod 2. The limiting mechanism is located between the extension rod 2 and the torque wrench body 1 for limiting movement. The placement mechanism is located at the bottom end of the extension rod 2 for placing the plurality of sockets 12.

[0040] When in use, multiple sockets 12 that can be used are placed in the storage mechanism so that the user does not need to search for the corresponding socket in the tool bag, making it convenient to replace. At the same time, the extension groove, extension rod 2 and limit mechanism can be used to easily adjust the arm length of the torque wrench, making it more convenient and labor-saving to use, which is more suitable for use in power construction and maintenance work.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0042] The limiting mechanism includes a limiting post 4, a stop block 5, a sliding rod 6, a spring 7, and multiple slots 8. The extension rod 2 has a mounting groove at its top end. A sliding hole is formed on one inner wall of the mounting groove. The limiting post 4 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the sliding hole, with both ends extending outside the sliding hole. One end of the limiting post 4 has a sliding groove, and the sliding rod 6 is slidably mounted within the sliding groove. One end of the sliding rod 6 extends outside the sliding groove and is fixedly connected to one inner wall of the mounting groove. The spring 7 is slidably sleeved on the limiting post 4. Multiple slots 8 are formed on one inner wall of the extension groove, with one end of the limiting post 4 extending into the corresponding slot 8. By extending the limiting post 4 into the slot 8, the relative position between the extension rod 2 and the torque wrench body 1 can be limited, preventing relative movement between the extension rod 2 and the torque wrench body 1 under conditions of minimal external force.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0044] All of the slots 8 are arc-shaped, and one end of the limiting post 4 is hemispherical. The limiting post 4 is adapted to the slots 8, so that when the extension rod 2 is pulled by a large external force, the limiting post 4 can move in each slot 8.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0046] The extension rod 2 has a connecting post 9 at its bottom end. The connecting post 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the extension rod 2 and has an external thread for connecting with the placement mechanism through a threaded structure.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0048] The placement mechanism includes a wheel 10, multiple placement slots 11, a base box 13, a pressure plate 14, and multiple mounting blocks 15. The wheel 10 has threaded holes and is threaded onto the connecting column 9 through the threaded holes. The multiple placement slots 11 are all located at the bottom of the wheel 10, and multiple sleeves 12 are respectively located in the multiple placement slots 11. The outer wall of the wheel 10 has external threads, and the base box 13 is threaded onto the outer wall of the wheel 10. The pressure plate 14 is located inside the base box 13, and multiple mounting blocks 15 are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the pressure plate 14. The multiple mounting blocks 15 are arranged in a ring. The inner wall of the base box 13 has an annular groove, and the multiple mounting blocks 15 extend into the annular groove. The placement mechanism can carry multiple sleeves 12 of different specifications at the same time and can fix the sleeves 12, making it convenient to carry.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0050] The top and bottom of the plurality of mounting blocks 15 are each nested with balls 16. The inner walls of the top and bottom of the annular groove are provided with annular track grooves. The plurality of balls 16 respectively contact the inner walls of the two annular track grooves. By the balls 16 on the mounting blocks 15 rolling in the annular rolling groove on the bottom box 13, the frictional resistance between the mounting blocks 15 and the inner wall of the annular groove of the bottom box 13 is reduced.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 As shown, based on the first embodiment, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0052] The pressure plate 14 has multiple movable holes, and one end of each of the multiple sleeves 12 passes through the multiple movable holes. The inner diameter of the movable hole is smaller than the larger outer diameter of the sleeve 12, so that the pressure plate 14 can press down the sleeve 12.

[0053] Furthermore, based on the first embodiment described above, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0054] The wheel 10 and the base box 13 form a disc structure to facilitate the placement and hanging of the torque wrench.

[0055] Furthermore, the bottom end of the connecting post 9 and the extension rod 2 can be connected by a hinge structure to allow for adjustment of the orientation of the disc structure as needed, thus enabling more ways to use it.

[0056] Furthermore, based on the first embodiment described above, the present invention provides another specific embodiment as follows:

[0057] The base box 13 is equipped with a magnet so that the torque wrench can be directly attached to equipment such as iron towers.

[0058] The base box 13 is provided with a non-Newtonian fluid protective layer on its exterior for impact cushioning. The non-Newtonian fluid protective layer includes an outer covering layer on the exterior of the base box 13 and a non-Newtonian fluid filled inside the outer covering layer. Simultaneously, magnets can be distributed within the non-Newtonian fluid protective layer for better adsorption.

[0059] Non-Newtonian fluids are fluids that do not obey Newton's law of viscosity, meaning the relationship between their shear stress and shear strain rate is not linear. Non-Newtonian fluids are widely found in daily life, production, and nature. The vast majority of biological fluids fall under the current definition of non-Newtonian fluids. Many bodily fluids in the human body, such as blood, lymph, and cystic fluid, as well as "semi-fluids" like cytoplasm, are all non-Newtonian fluids.

[0060] Concentrated solutions and suspensions of polymers are generally non-Newtonian fluids. Polyethylene, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl chloride, nylon 6, PVS, celluloid, polyester, rubber solutions, various engineering plastics, and melts and solutions of synthetic fibers are all non-Newtonian fluids. Petroleum, mud, coal-water slurry, ceramic slurry, pulp, paint, ink, toothpaste, silkworm silk regeneration solution, well cleaning and completion fluids used in drilling, magnetic slurry, coatings for certain photosensitive materials, foam, liquid crystals, high-sediment-content water flows, debris flows, and the Earth's mantle are also non-Newtonian fluids. In the food industry, tomato juice, starch solution, egg white, apple pulp, concentrated sugar water, soy sauce, jam, condensed milk, agar, potato pulp, melted chocolate, dough, rice flour dough, and various mushy food materials such as fish paste and meat paste are also non-Newtonian fluids.

[0061] The working principle of the adjustable torque wrench provided by this invention is as follows:

[0062] When carrying, multiple sockets 12 of different sizes are placed in the placement slots 11 of the wheel 10, and the sockets 12 are pressed and fixed by the pressure plate 14 in the bottom box 13, so as to facilitate carrying the torque wrench body and multiple sockets 12 of different sizes at the same time.

[0063] When in use, hold the grip 3 on the extension rod 2 and rotate the wheel 10 to remove the wheel 10 from the connecting post 9. Then rotate the base box 13 to remove the base box 13 from the wheel 10. You can then select the appropriate socket 12 as needed and install the socket 12 on the torque wrench body 1. Then you can use the torque wrench body 1 and the socket 12 to disassemble and assemble bolts and nuts.

[0064] When it is difficult to turn the torque wrench body 1, hold the grip sleeve 3 and pull the extension rod 2 outward by the corresponding length. Since the groove 8 is arc-shaped and the end of the limiting post 4 that contacts the groove 8 is hemispherical, the limiting post 4 slides in multiple arc-shaped grooves 8 during the pulling of the extension rod 2. After the extension rod 2 extends to the corresponding length, hold the grip sleeve 3 again and rotate it, so that the socket 12 on the torque wrench body 1 can disassemble and assemble bolts and nuts. Since the lever arm of turning the torque wrench 1 is extended, it is easier to exert force.

[0065] After use, remove the sleeve 12 and put it back into the corresponding placement slot 11 on the wheel 10. Then align the movable hole on the pressure plate 14 in the base box 13 with each sleeve 12 so that the sleeve 12 passes through the movable hole on the pressure plate 14. When rotating the base box 13 on the wheel 10, the base box 13 is threaded onto the wheel 10. When rotating the base box 13, the ball bearings 16 on the mounting block 15 roll in the annular rolling groove on the base box 13, reducing the frictional resistance between the mounting block 15 and the inner wall of the annular groove of the base box 13.

[0066] Compared with related technologies, the adjustable torque wrench provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0067] This invention provides an adjustable torque wrench. Through the cooperation of the torque wrench body 1, extension rod 2, grip sleeve 3, and limiting mechanism, the total length of the torque wrench can be adjusted. When it is difficult to disassemble or assemble bolts and nuts using the torque wrench body 1 and socket 12, the lever arm can be increased by increasing the length of the torque wrench, thus making it easier to disassemble or assemble bolts and nuts by rotating the torque wrench. Furthermore, through the placement mechanism, multiple sockets 12 of different specifications can be carried at the same time and installed on the torque wrench body 1, thereby facilitating the carrying of the torque wrench body 1 and sockets 12.

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0069] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0070] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

Claims

1. A torque wrench, characterized in that, include: The torque wrench body (1) has an extension groove at the bottom end; Multiple sockets (12) of different specifications are used in conjunction with the torque wrench body (1); An extension rod (2) is slidably installed in the extension groove. The extension rod (2) is adapted to the extension groove, and the bottom end of the extension rod (2) extends to the outside of the extension groove. The length of the extension rod (2) is greater than the length of the extension groove. The grip (3) is fixedly sleeved on the extension rod (2); A limiting mechanism is provided between the extension rod (2) and the torque wrench body (1) to limit the movement; A placement mechanism is located at the bottom end of the extension rod (2) for placing multiple sleeves (12); the bottom end of the extension rod (2) is provided with a connecting post (9), which is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the extension rod (2) and has an external thread for connecting with the placement mechanism through a threaded structure; the placement mechanism includes a wheel (10), multiple placement slots (11), a base box (13), a pressure plate (14), and multiple mounting blocks (15). The wheel (10) has a threaded hole, and the wheel (10) is threadedly fitted onto the connecting post (9) through the threaded hole. The placement slots (11) are all opened at the bottom of the wheel (10), and the multiple sleeves (12) are respectively located in the multiple placement slots (11). The outer wall of the wheel (10) is provided with external threads. The bottom box (13) is threadedly installed on the outer wall of the wheel (10). The pressure plate (14) is located in the bottom box (13). The multiple mounting blocks (15) are all fixedly installed on the outer wall of the pressure plate (14). The multiple mounting blocks (15) are arranged in a ring. The inner wall of the bottom box (13) is provided with an annular groove. The multiple mounting blocks (15) extend into the annular groove.

2. The torque wrench as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a limiting post (4), a stop (5), a slide rod (6), a spring (7), and multiple slots (8). The top of the extension rod (2) is provided with an installation groove. A sliding hole is provided on one side of the inner wall of the installation groove. The limiting post (4) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sliding hole, and both ends of the limiting post (4) extend to the outside of the sliding hole. A sliding groove is provided at one end of the limiting post (4). The slide rod (6) is slidably installed in the sliding groove. One end of the slide rod (6) extends to the outside of the sliding groove and is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the installation groove. The spring (7) is slidably sleeved on the limiting post (4). Multiple slots (8) are provided on one side of the inner wall of the extension groove. One end of the limiting post (4) extends into the corresponding slot (8).

3. The torque wrench as described in claim 2, characterized in that: All of the slots (8) are arc-shaped, and one end of the limiting post (4) is hemispherical. The limiting post (4) is adapted to the slots (8).

4. The torque wrench as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the plurality of mounting blocks (15) are nested with balls (16), and the inner walls of the top and bottom of the annular groove are provided with annular track grooves, and the plurality of balls (16) respectively contact the inner walls of the two annular track grooves.

5. The torque wrench as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure plate (14) has multiple movable holes, and one end of each of the multiple sleeves (12) passes through the multiple movable holes.

6. The torque wrench as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wheel (10) and the base box (13) constitute a disc structure.

7. The torque wrench as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom box (13) is equipped with a magnet.

8. The torque wrench as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom box (13) is provided with a non-Newtonian fluid protective layer on its exterior.

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