A full-trailer with active rear-axle steering and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering and an operation method thereof, comprising a cargo flatbed, a front axle, a rear axle and a reverse auxiliary locking device, wherein the front axle is designed as a turntable-type steering axle, and the rear axle is designed as a hydraulic suspension and a one-line two-axle form, both the front axle and the rear axle of the full-trailer can be steered, and the reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock or unlock the steering function of the front axle and the rear axle, when the vehicle is towing normally, the front axle is unlocked and the rear axle is locked, and the trailer can be steered like a normal vehicle; when reverse auxiliary steering or alignment is performed, the rear axle is unlocked and the front axle is locked, and active steering is achieved by controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder to push the rear axle, and the reverse driving direction is controlled, thereby avoiding steering control by the tractor, reducing the steering difficulty, and improving the reverse auxiliary steering control accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The current fully-trailer tractor trailer has the problem of difficult control of reverse auxiliary steering due to its multiple degrees of freedom, and it is difficult to accurately reverse. The fully-trailer tractor trailer needs a wide driving channel for reverse driving, and it is difficult to pass smoothly when the channel width margin is small.

[0003] In response to the above problems, the invention patent with publication number CN107235073A discloses an "active rear wheel steering mechanism based on a crank-connecting rod mechanism". A steering mechanism controller is added at the center of mass of the vehicle, one end of which is connected to the vehicle power supply through a circuit to derive a control signal; the other end is connected to the steering motor through a circuit to transmit a control signal; a speed regulating mechanism support plate is added to the rear axle housing of the vehicle, and a steering motor and a steering speed regulating mechanism are provided, and the worm gear spline shaft of the steering speed regulating mechanism outputs power; a steering linkage mechanism is hinged on the two rear wheel columns of the vehicle, one end of which is driven by a worm gear spline shaft; the other end outputs power to the rear wheel column to drive the rear wheel to rotate. This solution only provides a way to steer the rear wheels, and the structure is relatively complex.

[0004] The utility model patent with publication number "CN206417053U" discloses a "rear-wheel steering device", in which two universal wheels of the steering device are respectively arranged at the two ends of a fixed plate. The driving mechanism is arranged on the fixed plate and is located between the two universal wheels. One end of the two trapezoidal linkage mechanisms is connected to the driving mechanism at the same time, and the other end of each trapezoidal linkage mechanism is connected to one of the universal wheels. The controller is electrically connected to the driving mechanism. Among them, the controller controls the rotation of the driving mechanism when receiving the turning signal, and the driving mechanism then drives the two trapezoidal linkage mechanisms to drive the two universal wheels to realize differential turning. This solution is used in the field of AGV carts. The direction is controlled by driving the two trapezoidal linkage mechanisms by a motor, and the steering control is relatively inconvenient.

[0005] The invention patent with the publication number of "CN106741156A" discloses "a single tie rod hydraulic steering system and method", wherein the first steering device is arranged on the vehicle body; the rod cavity of the second steering device is connected to the rod cavity of the first steering device through the first connecting cavity; the rod cavity of the fourth steering device is connected to the rod cavity of the third steering device through the second connecting cavity; the turntable device is connected to the fourth steering device and the second steering device; the steering gear is connected to the steering wheel, and the steering gear is provided with a first oil port, a load sensing port and a second oil port, the first oil port is connected to the rodless cavity of the second steering device and the fourth steering device, the second oil port is connected to the rodless cavity of the first steering device and the third steering device, and the load sensing port is connected to the steering pump. The single tie rod hydraulic steering system and method realize the vehicle's figure eight steering in the case of a single tie rod. The scheme provides a steering system and a control method, but does not include a tractor structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a full-trailer with active rear axle steering and an operating method thereof, by designing different steering structures on the front axle and the rear axle, the steering of the front axle and the rear axle is realized, and the steering function of the steering structure is locked or unlocked by a reverse auxiliary locking device, thereby reducing the steering difficulty and improving the reverse auxiliary steering control accuracy.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering, comprising a cargo flatbed, a front axle, a rear axle and a reverse auxiliary locking device.

[0008] The front axle is arranged at the front end of the lower surface of the cargo flatbed, and the rear axle is arranged at the rear end of the lower surface of the cargo flatbed.

[0009] The reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock or unlock the steering function of the front and rear axles.

[0010] In the unlocked state, the front and rear axles can be rotated, and in the locked state, both axles cannot be turned.

[0011] Among them, the steering mode of the front axle is follow-up free steering, and the steering mode of the rear axle is controllable active steering.

[0012] Preferably, the front axle is a turntable steering axle, including a steering wheel, which is bolted and fixed to one end of the cargo flatbed, and the front axle is bolted and fixed to the steering wheel via a through-axle and a leaf spring suspension; the steering wheel includes a ball turntable, a turntable mounting frame and a triangular traction frame with a buffer spring, and the triangular traction frame is connected to the tractor, and the tractor achieves the driving of the full trailer and the steering of the front axle by pulling or pushing the triangular traction frame.

[0013] Preferably, the rear axle is fixed to the rear of the cargo flatbed by means of hydraulic suspension, in the form of one line and two bridges. A steering rod, a hydraulic steering cylinder and a steering plate are provided on the rear axle to achieve steering and centering of the rear axle. The rear axle is connected to the cargo flatbed via a steering shaft or a slewing bearing.

[0014] Preferably, the reverse auxiliary locking device is a reverse auxiliary latch.

[0015] Preferably, a buffer anti-collision block and a rear protective frame are provided at the end of the cargo flatbed.

[0016] Preferably, the steering wheel of the front axle and the upper surface of the corresponding cargo platform are provided with latch holes, and the reverse auxiliary latch is inserted through the latch hole to lock the steering function of the front axle.

[0017] Preferably, a latch hole is provided on the steering plate of the rear axle, and the reverse auxiliary latch is inserted through the latch hole to lock the steering function of the rear axle.

[0018] In addition to providing a full trailer with active rear axle steering, the present invention further provides an operation method of the above trailer, which is as follows:

[0019] When the trailer is operating normally, the tractor is connected to the triangular traction frame, the reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock the steering function of the rear axle, and the steering function of the front axle is unlocked. The forward and reverse movements of the full-trailer are completed by pushing and pulling the tractor, and the steering wheel follows the steering to drive the steering of the front frame. The size and direction of the turning angle are controlled by controlling the triangular traction frame.

[0020] When the trailer needs to perform reverse assisted steering or reverse precise positioning, adjust the reverse auxiliary locking device to lock the steering function of the front axle and unlock the steering function of the rear axle. By controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder to push the rear axle to actively steer or align, the reverse direction of the trailer or the reverse precise positioning is controlled.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] The present invention provides a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering and an operation method thereof, comprising a cargo flatbed, a front axle, a rear axle and a reverse auxiliary locking device, wherein the front axle is designed as a turntable-type steering axle, and the rear axle is designed as a hydraulic suspension and a one-line two-axle form, both the front axle and the rear axle of the full-trailer can be steered, and the reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock or unlock the steering function of the front axle and the rear axle, and during normal towing driving, the front axle is unlocked and the rear axle is locked, and the trailer can be steered like a normal vehicle; when reverse auxiliary steering or alignment is performed, the rear axle is unlocked and the front axle is locked, and active steering is achieved by controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder to push the rear axle to control the direction of reverse driving, thereby avoiding steering control by the tractor, reducing the difficulty of steering, and improving the control accuracy of reverse auxiliary steering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A top view of a full-trailer with active rear-axle steering according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the front axle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rear axle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a full trailer with a buffer anti-collision block and a rear protection frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A top view of a front axle with a latch hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 1 is a structural diagram of a rear frame with a latch hole in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure, 1 is a cargo flatbed; 2 is a front axle; 3 is a rear frame; 4 is a reverse auxiliary locking device; 5 is a steering wheel; 6 is a leaf spring suspension; 7 is a triangular traction frame; 8 is a steering rod; 9 is a hydraulic steering cylinder; 10 is a steering plate; 11 is a buffer anti-collision block; 12 is a rear protective frame; and 13 is a pin hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the technical solution of the present invention provides a full trailer with active rear axle steering, including a cargo flatbed 1, a front axle 2, a rear axle 3 and a reverse auxiliary locking device 4.

[0033] The front axle 2 is arranged at the front end of the lower surface of the cargo platform 1 , and the rear axle 3 is arranged at the rear end of the lower surface of the cargo platform 1 .

[0034] The reverse parking auxiliary locking device 4 is used to lock or unlock the steering functions of the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3 .

[0035] In the steering unlocked state, the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3 can be rotated, and in the steering locked state, both axles cannot be turned.

[0036] The steering mode of the front axle 2 is follow-up free steering, and the steering mode of the rear axle 3 is controllable active steering.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the front axle 2 is a turntable steering axle, including a steering wheel 5, which is bolted and fixed to one end of the cargo flatbed 1, and the front axle 2 is bolted and fixed to the steering wheel 5 through a through shaft and a leaf spring suspension 6; the steering wheel 5 includes a ball turntable, a turntable mounting frame and a triangular traction frame 7 with a buffer spring, and the triangular traction frame 7 is connected to the tractor, and the tractor realizes the driving of the full trailer and the steering of the front axle 2 by pulling or pushing the triangular traction frame 7.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the rear axle 3 is fixed to the rear of the cargo flatbed 1 by means of hydraulic suspension, in a one-line two-bridge form, and a steering tie rod 8, a hydraulic steering cylinder 9 and a steering plate 10 are provided on the rear axle 3 to realize the steering and centering of the rear axle 3, and the rear axle 3 is connected to the cargo flatbed 1 through a steering shaft or a slewing bearing.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reverse auxiliary locking device 4 is a reverse auxiliary latch.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a buffer block 11 and a rear protective frame 12 are provided at the end of the cargo platform 1 .

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the steering wheel 5 of the front axle 2 and the upper surface of the corresponding cargo platform 1 are provided with two latch holes 13, and the reverse auxiliary latch 4 is inserted through the latch hole 13 to lock the steering function of the front axle 2. Figure 7As shown, a latch hole 13 is formed on the steering plate 10 of the rear axle 3 , and the reverse assist latch 4 is inserted through the latch hole 13 to lock the steering function of the rear axle 3 .

[0042] In addition to providing a full trailer with active rear axle steering, the technical solution of the present invention further provides an operation method of the above trailer, which is as follows:

[0043] When the trailer is in normal operation, the tractor is connected to the triangular traction frame 7, the reverse auxiliary locking device 4 is used to lock the steering function of the rear axle 3, and the steering function of the front axle 2 is unlocked, and the forward and reverse movements of the full trailer are completed by pushing and pulling the tractor, and the steering wheel 5 follows the steering to drive the steering of the front frame 2, and the size and direction of the turning angle are controlled by controlling the triangular traction frame 7.

[0044] When the trailer needs to perform reverse auxiliary steering or reverse precise positioning, the reverse auxiliary locking device 4 is adjusted to lock the steering function of the front axle 2 and unlock the steering function of the rear axle 3. The hydraulic steering cylinder 9 is controlled to push the rear axle 3 to actively steer or align, and the reverse driving direction of the full trailer is controlled, thereby avoiding the tractor controlling the reverse auxiliary steering, reducing the steering difficulty, and improving the reverse auxiliary steering control accuracy.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the above trailer to perform operations is as follows:

[0046] When the trailer is operating normally, the tractor is connected to the triangular traction frame 7, the reverse assist latch 4 is passed through the latch hole of the steering plate 10 to lock the steering function of the rear axle 3, and the reverse assist latch 4 is pulled out from the latch hole 13 of the steering wheel 5 to unlock the steering function of the front axle 2. The forward and reverse actions of the trailer are completed by pushing and pulling the tractor, and the driving direction of the front axle is controlled.

[0047] When the trailer needs to perform reverse auxiliary steering or reverse precise positioning, the reverse auxiliary pin 4 is inserted into the pin hole 13 of the steering wheel 5 to lock the steering function of the front axle 2, and the reverse auxiliary pin 4 in the pin hole 13 of the steering plate 10 is pulled out to unlock the steering function of the rear axle 3, and the rear axle 3 is pushed to actively steer or align by controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder 9 to control the reverse direction of the trailer, thereby avoiding the steering control by the tractor, reducing the steering difficulty, and improving the reverse auxiliary steering control accuracy.

[0048] In this embodiment, the front axle 2 is designed as a turntable steering axle. Considering the high reversing accuracy requirements and high control difficulty of the full trailer, the front axle 2 is provided with a reversing auxiliary pin 4, which locks or unlocks the steering function of the turntable through the reversing auxiliary pin 4; when designing the rear axle 3, a steering function is added, and a reversing auxiliary pin 4 is also provided. During normal operation, the steering is locked through the reversing auxiliary locking pin 4, and the steering is unlocked when reversing requires assisted steering. The rear axle 3 is pushed to actively steer or align by controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder 9 to control the direction of the trailer's reversing.

[0049] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full trailer with active rear axle steering, characterized by: The trailer comprises a cargo platform (1), a front axle (2), a rear axle (3) and a reverse auxiliary locking device; Wherein, the front axle (2) is arranged at the front end of the lower surface of the cargo platform (1), and the rear axle (3) is arranged at the rear end of the lower surface of the cargo platform (1); The reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock or unlock the steering function of the front axle (2) and the rear axle (3); In the steering unlocked state, the front axle (2) and the rear axle (3) can rotate, and in the steering locked state, both axles cannot turn; The steering mode of the front axle (2) is follow-up free steering, and the steering mode of the rear axle (3) is controllable active steering; The front axle (2) is a turntable steering axle, comprising a steering wheel (5), the steering wheel (5) being bolted and fixed to one end of the cargo flatbed (1), and the front axle (2) being bolted and fixed to the steering wheel (5) via a through shaft and a leaf spring suspension (6); the steering wheel (5) comprising a ball turntable, a turntable mounting frame and a triangular traction frame (7) provided with a buffer spring, the triangular traction frame (7) being connected to a tractor, and the tractor realizes the driving of the full trailer and the steering of the front axle (2) by pulling or pushing the triangular traction frame (7); The rear axle (3) is fixed to the rear of the cargo flatbed (1) by means of hydraulic suspension, and is a one-line two-bridge type. The rear axle (3) is provided with a steering tie rod (8), a hydraulic steering cylinder (9) and a steering plate (10) for realizing the steering and centering of the rear axle (3). The rear axle (3) is connected to the cargo flatbed via a steering shaft or a slewing bearing.

2. A full trailer with active rear axle steering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse auxiliary locking device is a reverse auxiliary latch.

3. A full trailer with active rear axle steering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer anti-collision block (11) and a rear protective frame (12) are arranged at the end of the cargo platform (1).

4. A full trailer with active rear axle steering as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The steering wheel (5) of the front axle (2) and the upper surface of the corresponding cargo platform (1) are provided with a latch hole (13), and the reverse auxiliary latch (4) is inserted through the latch hole (13) to lock the steering function of the front axle (2).

5. A full trailer with active rear axle steering as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The steering plate (10) of the rear axle (3) is provided with a latch hole (13), and the reverse auxiliary latch (4) is inserted through the latch hole (13) to lock the steering function of the rear axle (3).

6. An operating method for a full trailer with active rear axle steering, characterized in that: Using the full trailer described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the operation is carried out according to the following steps: When the trailer is in normal operation, the tractor is connected to the triangular traction frame (7), the reverse auxiliary locking device is used to lock the steering function of the rear axle (3), and the steering function of the front axle (2) is unlocked, and the forward and reverse movements of the full trailer are completed by pushing and pulling the tractor, the steering wheel (5) follows the steering, and the size and direction of the turning angle are controlled by controlling the triangular traction frame (7); When the trailer needs to perform reverse auxiliary steering or reverse precise alignment, the reverse auxiliary locking device is adjusted to lock the steering function of the front axle (2) and unlock the steering function of the rear axle (3), and the rear axle (3) is pushed to actively steer or align by controlling the hydraulic steering cylinder (9), thereby controlling the reverse driving direction or reverse precise alignment of the full trailer.

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