Arrangement design method and device for underground water storage cavern ventilation pressure regulating facility

Abstract

The application discloses a layout design method and device for a ventilation pressure regulating facility of an underground water storage cavern, and the method comprises the following steps: determining layout parameters of a tunnel group of the water storage cavern; constructing a water power simulation model of the water storage cavern composed of the tunnel group based on a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation; solving a distribution of a water hydraulic characteristic value along a path under a non-constant flow condition according to the water power simulation model, determining a space-time distribution of a tunnel section in a pressurized state and a non-pressurized state, judging a required ventilation amount according to the space-time distribution, and initially drafting a layout scheme of a cavern ventilation pressure regulation; adjusting the layout parameters, checking and analyzing whether the layout scheme of the ventilation pressure regulating facility is reasonable under the non-constant flow operation condition, and correcting the layout parameters of the water power simulation model established based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation according to a calculation result; and repeating the steps of adjusting, checking and correcting until a reasonable layout scheme of the ventilation pressure regulating facility is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular relates to a method and device for the layout design of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities for underground water storage caverns. Background Technology

[0002] Water conservancy reservoirs, as a type of underground water resource regulation and storage project, consist of an intake gate, an underground tunnel complex, an outlet gate or pumping station, and supporting facilities such as ventilation and pressure regulating wells. Based on their functional attributes, they can be categorized as flood control, drainage, or water supply types. According to the requirements of the project's operational functions and overall layout plan, the site is selected in a rocky mountain, with a long engineering route and great burial depth; the main tunnel structure can be in a ring-shaped grid pattern.

[0003] During the operation of a cavern for water storage / drainage, the transition from unpressurized to pressurized conditions can lead to drastic changes in pressure and flow velocity if the cavern's dimensions are insufficient or the ventilation is inadequate. This can place the cavern structure under unfavorable stress, jeopardizing project safety. Therefore, to address the accumulation of gas along the cavern's path during water storage / drainage, the cavern must be equipped with ventilation and pressure regulation facilities to ensure the orderly and phased release of gas, while also mitigating the adverse effects of water hammer caused by flow rate changes on the cavern structure. Traditional single-line pressurized tunnels typically have ventilation and pressure regulating wells at the tunnel inlet or outlet to achieve ventilation and pressure regulation. However, there is a lack of engineering case studies for the layout and design of ventilation and pressure regulating facilities in large-scale tunnel networks. Current regulations in related fields are difficult to apply to specific projects affected by complex factors. Furthermore, physical model testing is time-consuming and costly, and its application is limited by model scale, simulation conditions, and testing conditions, making it difficult to adapt to different engineering conditions and form a systematic engineering application. Using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model to simulate the flow field characteristics of water-air two-phase flow in a reservoir under open-full flow transition conditions results in a large computational scale, low efficiency, and difficulty in guaranteeing simulation accuracy, especially when engineering design parameters are optimized and adjusted, making rapid analysis challenging. Therefore, how to comprehensively consider reservoir design parameters (cross-sectional dimensions, longitudinal slope, etc.) to quickly and accurately determine the location, layout, and size of ventilation and pressure regulating facilities under non-steady flow conditions, while also considering engineering economics, is a key technical issue for the safe and stable operation of reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and apparatus for the layout design of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in underground water storage caverns. It provides a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the water storage cavern under non-steady flow conditions such as water storage / drainage to identify the required layout of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities along the route, provide feedback to correct the cavern design, and verify and optimize the layout of the ventilation and pressure regulation facilities. This solves the problems of layout positioning and design optimization of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in water storage caverns.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for the layout design of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities for underground water storage caverns is provided, including:

[0006] Step S1: Determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group;

[0007] Step S2: Based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir consisting of a group of tunnels, and set the model boundary conditions according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures;

[0008] Step S3: Based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, and based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, determine the required ventilation volume and initially formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme.

[0009] Step S4: Adjust the layout parameters, verify and analyze whether the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operating conditions, and correct the layout parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation based on the calculation results.

[0010] Step S5: Repeat step S4 until a reasonable layout scheme for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities is constructed;

[0011] The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include:

[0012] (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern that is isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities;

[0013] (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity limit requirements of the cave and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0014] Furthermore, the arrangement parameters include determining the cavern layout, the length of the cavern section, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel, the bottom elevation of the tunnel section nodes, the roughness of the tunnel body, and the location, cross-sectional area, and height of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0015] Furthermore, the one-dimensional water flow motion control equations include continuity equations and motion equations. The control equations for pressurized pipe flow and free-surface canal flow are both in the following form:

[0016] (1) Continuity equation:

[0017]

[0018] (2) Equations of motion:

[0019]

[0020] Where Z represents the piezometric head under pressurized conditions or the cross-sectional water level under depressurized conditions; Z d denoted as the bottom elevation of the cross-section; v is the average flow velocity at the cross-section; t is time; B is the cross-sectional width, which is taken as the width of the cross-sectional surface when the tunnel is unpressurized, and as the width of the assumed narrow slot above the tunnel body when the tunnel is pressurized; x is the longitudinal distance along the flow direction; A is the water-passing area; g is the acceleration due to gravity; J is the frictional gradient.

[0021]

[0022] Where, n c R is the roughness coefficient; Q is the hydraulic radius; A is the cross-sectional flow rate; and A is the cross-sectional area.

[0023] Furthermore, under pressure, the narrow slit width Where C is a constant related to the physical properties of the tunnel, and its value is the wave velocity when the tunnel is under pressure.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S2:

[0025] Based on the design elements of the cavern, the water flow motion in the cavern is simulated using a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation. The resulting hydrodynamic simulation model satisfies the conservation of water flow mass and momentum.

[0026] The boundary conditions of the cavern inlet and outlet are set based on the upstream and downstream water levels and the operational scheduling flow rate, and the operational scheduling mode is set using logical control conditions;

[0027] The cavern body was designed using the principle of physical generalization, and the connectivity, interoperability, and topological relationships of different sections of the cavern were examined.

[0028] The corresponding entrance and exit buildings and underground storage facilities adopt node generalization, and the nodes are connected to the generalized underground storage body.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0030] Step S6: Repeat step S5 to construct a reasonable set of ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes. Among all the reasonable ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes, select the scheme with the best economic efficiency as the final ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout scheme.

[0031] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a layout design device for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in underground water storage caverns is provided, comprising:

[0032] The parameter determination module is used to determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group;

[0033] The first construction module is used to construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir composed of tunnels based on a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, and to set the model boundary conditions according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures.

[0034] The solution module is used to solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, determine the required ventilation volume based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, and preliminarily formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme.

[0035] The adjustment module is used to adjust the arrangement parameters, verify and analyze whether the arrangement scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operating conditions, and correct the arrangement parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation based on the calculation results.

[0036] The second construction module is used to repeat step S4 until a reasonable ventilation and pressure regulation facility layout scheme is constructed.

[0037] The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include:

[0038] (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern that is isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities;

[0039] (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity limit requirements of the cave and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0040] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0041] One or more processors;

[0042] Memory, used to store one or more programs;

[0043] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors perform the method as described in the first aspect.

[0044] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0045] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0046] As can be seen from the above embodiments, this application is based on a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model. By simulating and calculating the spatiotemporal distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​of the cavern project under different working conditions, and correcting and optimizing the layout scheme of the cavern and ventilation and pressure regulating facilities according to the rational layout criteria of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities, the technical effects of improving calculation efficiency, reducing calculation difficulty, saving costs, and basically meeting the engineering accuracy requirements are achieved.

[0047] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a layout design method for a ventilation and pressure regulation facility in an underground water storage cavern, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inverted narrow slot cross-section of a tunnel calculation model according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cave dwelling model in plan view according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inflow process line of a cavern inlet (underground reservoir 1) according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time 0, illustrating a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time two (9:15) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme 1 shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time three (9:30) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme 1 shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0056] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time four (23:45) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time 1 (0 o'clock) of a second arrangement of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0058] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time two (9:15) of a second ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0059] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time three (9:30) of a second arrangement of ventilation and pressure regulating facilities according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0060] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time four (23:45) of a second arrangement of ventilation and pressure regulating facilities according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0061] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time 1 (0 o'clock) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme 3 shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0062] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time two (9:15) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme three shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0063] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time three (9:30) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme three according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0064] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the water level at time four (23:45) of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility arrangement scheme three shown according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0065] Figure 17 This is a block diagram illustrating the layout design of a ventilation and pressure regulation facility for an underground water storage cavern, according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0066] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application.

[0067] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0068] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0069] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a layout design method for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in an underground water storage cavern, according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0070] Step S1: Determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group;

[0071] Step S2: Based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir consisting of a group of tunnels, and set the boundary conditions of the model according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures;

[0072] Step S3: Based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, and based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, determine the required ventilation volume and initially formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme.

[0073] Step S4: Adjust the layout parameters, verify and analyze whether the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operating conditions, and correct the layout parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation according to the calculation results.

[0074] Step S5: Repeat step S4 until a reasonable layout scheme for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities is constructed;

[0075] The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include:

[0076] (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern that is isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities;

[0077] (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity limit requirements of the cave and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0078] As can be seen from the above embodiments, this application is based on a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model. By simulating and calculating the spatiotemporal distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​of the cavern project under different working conditions, and correcting and optimizing the layout scheme of the cavern and ventilation and pressure regulating facilities according to the rational layout criteria of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities, the technical effects of improving calculation efficiency, reducing calculation difficulty, saving costs, and basically meeting the engineering accuracy requirements are achieved.

[0079] In the specific implementation of step S1, the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group are determined;

[0080] Specifically, the layout parameters include determining the cavern plan layout (dendritic or ring grid), the length of the cavern section, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel, the bottom elevation of the tunnel section nodes, the roughness of the tunnel body, and the location, cross-sectional area, and height of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0081] In the specific implementation of step S2, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic generalized model of a reservoir composed of a group of tunnels is constructed based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation.

[0082] Specifically, based on the design elements of the cavern, the water flow motion in the cavern is simulated using a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation. The generalized hydrodynamic model satisfies the conservation of water flow mass and momentum.

[0083] The boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet of the cavern are set based on the upstream and downstream water levels and the operational scheduling flow. The operational scheduling mode is set using a series of logical control conditions (such as setting the time-varying relationship of the flow at the cavern inlet).

[0084] The tunnel body adopts the principle of physical generalization (based on the engineering design to set parameters such as roughness, tunnel section length, and cross-sectional dimensions), and checks the connectivity, interoperability, and topological relationships of different tunnel sections.

[0085] The corresponding entrance and exit buildings and underground storage facilities adopt node generalization, and the nodes are connected to the generalized underground storage body.

[0086] The one-dimensional water flow motion control equations include continuity equations and motion equations. The pressurized pipe flow motion control equations and the free surface canal flow motion control equations can be uniformly described as follows:

[0087] (1) Continuity equation:

[0088]

[0089] (2) Equations of motion:

[0090]

[0091] Where Z represents the cross-sectional water level (the piezometric head under pressurized conditions; the cross-sectional water level under depressurized conditions); Z dt is the bottom elevation of the cross section; v is the average flow velocity of the cross section; t is time; B is the width of the cross section, which is taken as the width of the cross section surface when the tunnel is in an unpressurized state, and as the width of the assumed narrow slot above the tunnel body when the tunnel is in a pressurized state; x is the longitudinal distance along the direction of water flow; A is the water flow area; g is the acceleration due to gravity; J is the frictional drop.

[0092]

[0093] Where, n c R is the roughness coefficient; Q is the hydraulic radius; A is the cross-sectional flow rate; and A is the cross-sectional area.

[0094] When the tunnel is pressurized, B = 0, at which point the continuity equation becomes meaningless. To effectively simulate the open-flow transition, we assume an inverted narrow slit above the tunnel. The width of this slit is determined by the wave velocity C under pressurization, i.e.:

[0095]

[0096] Where B is the assumed width of the inverted narrow slot. C is a constant related to the physical properties of the tunnel, taking the wave velocity when the tunnel is pressurized. (Appendix) Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of a computational model for simulating the hydraulic transition state of a tunnel (or pipeline) under open-flow conditions.

[0097] In the specific implementation of step S3, based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions is solved, the cross-sections where the tunnel pressure extreme value and flow change value are located are identified, the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states is determined, and based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, the required ventilation volume is determined, and a preliminary tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme is proposed.

[0098] Specifically, based on the hydrodynamic control equations, the hydraulic characteristic values ​​of the tunnel section are calculated and solved by performing time and space numerical discretization, defining the flow or water level conditions through the boundary nodes, defining the input of the simplified physical parameters of the tunnel, and setting the solution time step, etc. The main values ​​include the tunnel head (pressure) value and the cross-sectional flow rate.

[0099] Specifically, in the calculation, pressure and flow rates can be selected as the design criteria for ventilation pressure regulation, and the corresponding standards are as follows:

[0100] Judgment Criterion 1 (Pressure Value): Select the cross-section where the pressure extreme value of the corresponding tunnel section is located as the selection and positioning point for the ventilation and pressure regulation facility. Deploying the ventilation and pressure regulation facility at the cross-section with the maximum water pressure can effectively alleviate and release the gas accumulated in the water body, making the pressure distribution in the corresponding part and the adjacent tunnel section uniform and the hydraulic flow stable; deploying the ventilation and pressure regulation facility at the cross-section with the negative pressure value can achieve air intake pressure regulation.

[0101] Criterion 2 (flow rate): Select the section of the tunnel where the flow rate is at its minimum or where the flow rate changes abruptly from unpressurized to pressurized flow in the direction of water flow as the reference point for the air intake / exhaust arrangement; the flow rate is used as an auxiliary criterion for the pressure value criterion.

[0102] Based on the spatial distribution of pressure inside the tunnel, the spatial and temporal distribution of tunnel pressure status is determined by identifying the sections where extreme water pressure values ​​and sudden flow values ​​are located. At the same time, the required ventilation volume is predicted based on the volume of the air mass forming an isolated pressureless section and the water pressure value, and the layout, location, and size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities are initially planned.

[0103] In the specific implementation of step S4, the arrangement parameters are adjusted, the rationality of the ventilation and pressure regulation facility arrangement scheme under non-constant flow operation is verified and analyzed, and the arrangement parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model established based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation are corrected according to the calculation results.

[0104] Specifically, the reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include:

[0105] (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern that is isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities;

[0106] (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity limit requirements of the cave and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0107] In one embodiment, the reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities may further include:

[0108] (3) The layout of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities is relatively economical (the total length of the ventilation and pressure regulating well is shorter, the total excavation volume is smaller, and the construction is more convenient).

[0109] In the specific implementation of step S5, step S4 is repeated until a reasonable ventilation and pressure regulation facility layout scheme is constructed.

[0110] Preferably, the method may further include:

[0111] Step S6: Repeat step S5 to construct a reasonable set of ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes. Among all the reasonable ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes, select the scheme with the best economic efficiency as the final ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout scheme.

[0112] Specifically, optimal economic efficiency refers to a comprehensive consideration of a shorter overall length of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities and a smaller amount of excavation.

[0113] Example 1:

[0114] Taking a certain water storage cavern as an example, the layout is as follows based on the cavern's generalized plan model: Figure 3Underground reservoirs 1 and 2 represent the inlet and outlet of the cavern, respectively. Nodes 1-6 connect with the inlet and outlet nodes to form the cavern body. The cavern adopts a circular cross-section, with a 4m diameter at the inlet section and 1m diameter for the remaining sections. The cavern wall roughness is set to 0.01. Flow rate variation boundary conditions are set according to the inlet and outlet operation principles, such as... Figure 4 .

[0115] Option 1: A ventilation and pressure regulating facility will be installed at node 1 of the cave entrance section. The ventilation and pressure regulating facility at node 1 will be 30m high and have a cross-sectional area of ​​1m². 2 The calculation results for Scheme 1 of the ventilation and pressure regulation facility were obtained by running a one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation program, as shown below. Figures 5-8 As shown in the figure, at 9:15 AM, nodes 3, 4, and 5 in the cavern body experienced a closed air mass during the water storage operation. Since the corresponding locations lacked ventilation and pressure regulation facilities, the scheme did not meet the judgment criteria and the layout of the cavern hydraulic simulation model needs to be corrected.

[0116] Option 2: Based on the calculation results of Option 1, ventilation and pressure regulating facilities are installed at nodes 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the cavern (the height and cross-sectional area parameters of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities can be seen in Table 2). A one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation program is run to obtain the calculation results for Option 2, as shown below. Figures 9-12 As shown in the calculation results, except for the sections of the tunnel containing nodes 3, 4, and 5 where closed air masses appeared at 9:15 AM during the water storage operation, no closed air masses isolated from the pressure regulating facilities appeared at other locations. Simultaneously, based on the water level at the time the initial closed air mass appeared in the tunnel, the volume of the air mass was estimated, and the transition time between open and full flow in the tunnel sections where the closed air mass appeared was recorded. The air velocity within the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities was then calculated, as detailed in Table 2. Scheme 2 meets the rationality criteria for ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0117] Option 3: Based on the calculation results of Option 1, ventilation and pressure regulating facilities are installed at nodes 1 and 3 of the tunnel (the height and cross-sectional area parameters of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities can be seen in Table 3). Simultaneously, the tunnel bottom elevations at nodes 2, 4, and 5 are adjusted, and the longitudinal slope of the tunnel bottom changes accordingly (see Table 1). A one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation program is run to obtain the calculation results for Option 3 of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout. Figures 13-16 As shown in the calculation results, a closed air mass appeared in the tunnel section where node 3 of the cavern was located at 9:30 AM during the water storage operation. Based on the volume of the closed air mass in the tunnel and the transition time of the open-flow to full-flow transition in the tunnel section where the closed air mass appeared, the air velocity in the ventilation and pressure regulating facility can be calculated, as shown in Table 3. Scheme 3 meets the rationality judgment criteria for the ventilation and pressure regulating facility.

[0118] Table 1. Ventilation and Pressure Regulating Facility Layout Design (Scheme 1) Judgment Table 1

[0119]

[0120] Table 2. Ventilation and Pressure Regulating Facility Layout Design (Scheme 2) Judgment Table 2

[0121]

[0122] Table 3. Ventilation and Pressure Regulating Facility Layout Design (Scheme 3) Judgment Table 3

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] The volume of a closed air mass is calculated using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation program based on the water depth distribution along the tunnel's perimeter. The volume of an isolated air mass can be approximated using the following example:

[0126] Table 4. Calculation of Isolated Air Particle Volume for Ventilation and Pressure Regulating Facilities

[0127]

[0128] Based on the calculation of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model and the scheme layout correction, the ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes two and three that passed the discrimination criteria were obtained. Considering the engineering economy of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout (i.e., the total length of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout is relatively short, the amount of excavation is small, and the construction is relatively simple), scheme three was selected as the final design scheme for the ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout.

[0129] Corresponding to the aforementioned embodiments of the layout design method for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in underground water storage caverns, this application also provides embodiments of the layout design device for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in underground water storage caverns.

[0130] Figure 17 This is a block diagram illustrating the layout design of a ventilation and pressure regulating facility for an underground water storage cavern, according to an exemplary embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 17 The device may include:

[0131] Parameter determination module 21 is used to determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group;

[0132] The first construction module 22 is used to construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir composed of tunnel groups based on a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, and to set the model boundary conditions according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures.

[0133] The solution module 23 is used to solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions based on the one-dimensional hydrodynamic generalization model, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, determine the required ventilation volume based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, and initially formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme.

[0134] The adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the arrangement parameters, verify and analyze whether the arrangement scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulation facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operation conditions, and correct the arrangement parameters of the cavern hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation based on the calculation results.

[0135] The second construction module 25 is used to repeat step S4 until a reasonable ventilation and pressure regulation facility layout scheme is constructed.

[0136] The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include:

[0137] (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern that is isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities;

[0138] (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity limit requirements of the cave and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

[0139] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0140] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this application according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0141] Accordingly, this application also provides an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a memory for storing one or more programs; and when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to implement the above-described layout design method for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in underground water storage caverns.

[0142] Accordingly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method for the layout and design of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities for underground water storage caverns.

[0143] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0144] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

1. A method for the layout design of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities for underground water storage caverns, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group; Step S2: Based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir consisting of a group of tunnels, and set the model boundary conditions according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures; Step S3: Based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, and based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, determine the required ventilation volume and initially formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme. Step S4: Adjust the layout parameters, verify and analyze whether the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operating conditions, and correct the layout parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation based on the calculation results. Step S5: Repeat step S4 until a reasonable layout scheme for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities is constructed; The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include: (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities; (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity restrictions in the cavern and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities; The one-dimensional water flow motion control equations in step S2 include continuity equations and motion equations. The control equations for pressurized pipe flow and free surface canal flow are both in the following form: (1) Continuity equation: ， (2) Equations of motion: ， in, Z This refers to the piezometric head under pressurized conditions or the cross-sectional water level under depressurized conditions. Z d This refers to the bottom elevation of the cross-section. The cross-sectional average velocity; t For time; B The cross-sectional width is taken as the width of the cross-sectional surface when the tunnel is in a depressurized state, and as the width of the assumed narrow slot above the tunnel body when the tunnel is in a pressurized state. x This represents the longitudinal distance along the direction of water flow. A The water flow area; g It is the acceleration due to gravity; To reduce the friction ratio, ， in, n c This is the roughness coefficient; R The hydraulic radius; Q Flow rate at cross-section; A The water flow area; In step S2: Based on the design elements of the cavern, the water flow motion in the cavern is simulated using a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation. The resulting hydrodynamic simulation model satisfies the conservation of water flow mass and momentum. The boundary conditions of the cavern inlet and outlet are set based on the upstream and downstream water levels and the operational scheduling flow rate, and the operational scheduling mode is set using logical control conditions; The cavern body was designed using the principle of physical generalization, and the connectivity, interoperability, and topological relationships of different sections of the cavern were examined. The corresponding entrance and exit buildings and underground storage facilities adopt node generalization, and the nodes are connected to the generalized underground storage body.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layout parameters include determining the cavern's plan layout, the length of the cavern sections, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel, the bottom elevation of the tunnel section nodes, the roughness of the tunnel body, and the location, cross-sectional area, and height of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under pressure, narrow slit width , where C is a constant related to the physical properties of the tunnel, and its value is the wave velocity when the tunnel is under pressure.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S6: Repeat step S5 to construct a reasonable set of ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes. Among all reasonable ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout schemes, select the scheme with the best economic efficiency as the final ventilation and pressure regulating facility layout scheme.

5. A design device for the layout of ventilation and pressure regulation facilities in an underground water storage cavern, characterized in that, include: The parameter determination module is used to determine the layout parameters of the water storage tunnel group; The first construction module is used to construct a hydrodynamic simulation model of a reservoir composed of tunnels based on a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation, and to set the model boundary conditions according to the operation rules of the reservoir's inlet and outlet structures. The solution module is used to solve the distribution of hydraulic characteristic values ​​along the tunnel under non-constant flow conditions based on the hydrodynamic simulation model, identify the cross sections where the tunnel pressure extremes and flow mutation values ​​are located, determine the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel sections in pressurized and unpressurized states, determine the required ventilation volume based on the spatiotemporal distribution of the tunnel sections, and preliminarily formulate a tunnel ventilation and pressure regulation layout scheme. The adjustment module is used to adjust the arrangement parameters, verify and analyze whether the arrangement scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facility is reasonable under non-constant flow operating conditions, and correct the arrangement parameters of the hydrodynamic simulation model based on the one-dimensional water flow motion control equation based on the calculation results. The second building module is used to repeat the process of adjusting the module until a reasonable layout scheme for ventilation and pressure regulation facilities is built. The reasonable indicators for the layout scheme of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities include: (1) During the water intake / drainage process, there is no unpressurized section of the cavern isolated from the cavern ventilation and pressure regulation facilities; (2) The size of the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities meets the air velocity restrictions in the cavern and the ventilation and pressure regulating facilities; The one-dimensional water flow motion control equations in the first construction module include continuity equations and motion equations. The control equations for pressurized pipe flow and free surface canal flow are both in the following form: (1) Continuity equation: ， (2) Equations of motion: ， in, Z This refers to the piezometric head under pressurized conditions or the cross-sectional water level under depressurized conditions. Z d This refers to the bottom elevation of the cross-section. The cross-sectional average velocity; t For time; B The cross-sectional width is taken as the width of the cross-sectional surface when the tunnel is in a depressurized state, and as the width of the assumed narrow slot above the tunnel body when the tunnel is in a pressurized state. x This represents the longitudinal distance along the direction of water flow. A The water flow area; g It is the acceleration due to gravity; To reduce the friction ratio, ， in, n c This is the roughness coefficient; R The hydraulic radius; Q Flow rate at cross-section; A The water flow area; In the first building module: Based on the design elements of the cavern, the water flow motion in the cavern is simulated using a one-dimensional water flow motion control equation. The resulting hydrodynamic simulation model satisfies the conservation of water flow mass and momentum. The boundary conditions of the cavern inlet and outlet are set based on the upstream and downstream water levels and the operational scheduling flow rate, and the operational scheduling mode is set using logical control conditions; The cavern body was designed using the principle of physical generalization, and the connectivity, interoperability, and topological relationships of different sections of the cavern were examined. The corresponding entrance and exit buildings and underground storage facilities adopt node generalization, and the nodes are connected to the generalized underground storage body.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, this instruction implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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