Antenna module and electronic device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna module and electronic device. The antenna module includes multiple antenna elements arranged in an array. Each antenna element includes: a radiating element, including at least one pair of radiating arms, each radiating arm having a feed point; and a feed element, disposed on a different layer from the radiating elements and opposite to them, including at least one first feed arm. The feed arm includes a first feed end, a first feed connection point, a second feed connection point, and a first arc-shaped balun line sequentially electrically connected to the first feed end, the first feed connection point, and the second feed connection point. The first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are coplanar and are respectively electrically connected to two feed points in a pair of radiating arms. The antenna module and electronic device provided by this application reduce the size of the antenna module while ensuring its performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic technology, specifically to an antenna module and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Antenna modules with symmetrical dipole radiating elements suffer from an issue of excessively large feed sections, resulting in an overly large overall size that limits their application in space-constrained electronic devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, reducing the size of antenna modules while ensuring their performance has become a crucial technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna module and electronic device that reduces the size of the antenna module while ensuring its performance.

[0004] This application provides an antenna module comprising multiple antenna elements arranged in an array. Each antenna element includes: a radiating element comprising at least one pair of radiating arms, each radiating arm having a feed point; and a feed element disposed on a different layer from and opposite to the radiating elements, comprising at least one first feed arm, the feed arm comprising a first feed end, a first feed connection point, a second feed connection point, and a first arc-shaped balun line sequentially electrically connected to the first feed end, the first feed connection point, and the second feed connection point. The first feed end is used to electrically connect to an RF chip, the first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are coplanar, and the first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are respectively electrically connected to two of the feed points in the pair of radiating arms.

[0005] This application provides an electronic device, including the aforementioned antenna module.

[0006] The antenna module and electronic device provided in this application are designed with a first feed arm including a first feed end, a first feed connection point, and a second feed connection point, and the first feed end, the first feed connection point, and the second feed connection point are electrically connected by a first arc-shaped balun line. The first feed connection point, the first arc-shaped balun line, and the second feed connection point are sequentially connected to form a planar structure. In this way, the dimension of the first feed arm in the thickness direction of the antenna element is relatively small, thereby realizing the low profile and miniaturization of the antenna module, reducing the volume of the antenna module, and ensuring the performance of the antenna module. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0009] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a top view of the antenna array provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0011] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the first type of radiating unit and feeding unit;

[0013] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the intermediate power supply unit;

[0014] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Side view of the power supply unit shown;

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of power supply unit provided in this embodiment;

[0016] Figure 9 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the second type of radiating unit and feeding unit;

[0017] Figure 10 This is a top view of the specific structure of the first antenna array provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0018] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A detailed 3D structural diagram of the provided antenna array;

[0019] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A partial side view of the provided antenna array;

[0020] Figure 13 This is a partial side view of the second type of antenna array provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 14 This is a partial side view of the third type of antenna array provided in this application;

[0022] Figure 15 This is a partial side view of the fourth type of antenna array provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 16 This is a partial top view of the third type of radiating unit and feeding unit provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 17 yes Figure 10 A partial top view of the specific structure of the first type of antenna array in China;

[0025] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 Top view of the second main radiating arm;

[0026] Figure 19 yes Figure 17 Top view of the first main radiating arm;

[0027] Figure 20 yes Figure 11 A partial 3D view;

[0028] Figure 21 This is the simulation result of the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna element in the y-polarization direction;

[0029] Figure 22 The simulation results show the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna element in the x-polarization direction;

[0030] Figure 23 The gain patterns of the antenna element in the E-plane and H-plane at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz are shown.

[0031] Figure 24 The gain patterns of the antenna element in the E-plane and H-plane at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz are shown.

[0032] Figure 25 The gain of the maximum y-polarization radiation pattern varies with frequency when the array antenna scanning angle is 0°.

[0033] Figure 26 The maximum x-polarization radiation pattern varies with frequency when the array antenna scanning angle is 0°.

[0034] Figure 27 The maximum radiation pattern of y-polarization of the array antenna varies with the angle when the scanning angle is 0° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz in the y-polarization direction.

[0035] Figure 28 The maximum radiation pattern of x-polarization of the array antenna as a function of angle at a scanning angle of 0° in the x-polarization direction at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz.

[0036] Figure 29 The maximum radiation pattern of y-polarization of the array antenna varies with the angle when the scanning angle is 60° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz in the y-polarization direction.

[0037] Figure 30The maximum radiation pattern of x-polarization of the array antenna varies with the angle when the scanning angle is 60° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz in the x-polarization direction.

[0038] Figure 31 The gain patterns of the antenna element in the E-plane and H-plane at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz are shown.

[0039] Figure 32 The gain patterns of the antenna element in the E-plane and H-plane at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz are shown.

[0040] Figure 33 The maximum radiation pattern of y-polarization of the array antenna as a function of angle at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° in the y-polarization direction.

[0041] Figure 34 The maximum radiation pattern of x-polarization of the array antenna as a function of angle at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° in the x-polarization direction.

[0042] Figure 35 The maximum radiation pattern of y-polarization of the array antenna varies with the angle when the scanning angle is 60° at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz in the y-polarization direction.

[0043] Figure 36 This is the maximum radiation pattern of the x-polarization of the array antenna as a function of the angle at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 60° in the x-polarization direction.

[0044] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0045] Antenna element 10; Array antenna 20; Radiating element 1; Radiating arm 11; First feed point 101; Second feed point 102; Third feed point 103; Fourth feed point 104; Feeding element 2; First feed arm 21; First feed end 211; First feed connection point 212; Second feed connection point 213; First arc-shaped balun 214; First metal layer 3; First transmission line 215; Second transmission line 216; First radiating arm 111; Second radiating arm 112; Second feed arm 22; Second feed end 221; Third feed connection point 222; Fourth feed connection point 223; Second arc-shaped balun 224; Third transmission line 225; Fourth transmission line 226; First feed post 31; Second feed... Electric post 32; third feed post 33; fourth feed post 34; second metal layer 4; third metal layer 5; bent balun wire 227; first radiating oscillator 111a; second radiating oscillator 111b; third radiating oscillator 112a; fourth radiating oscillator 112b; main radiating arm 113; conductive patch 114; first conductive via 35; first main radiating arm 113a; second main radiating arm 113b; first main radiating patch 115; first coupling patch 116; first edge 115a; second edge 116a; first notch 1151; first protrusion 1152; second notch 1161; second protrusion 1162; groove 1131; second coupling patch 117; second conductive via 118. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. In addition, the reference to "embodiment" or "implementation method" in this application means that a specific feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or implementation method can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 1000 includes an antenna module 100. The antenna module 100 is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals to realize the communication function of the electronic device 1000. This application does not specifically limit the position of the antenna module 100 on the electronic device 1000. Figure 1This is just one example. The electronic device 1000 also includes a display screen 200 and a housing 300 that are interconnected. The antenna module 100 may be disposed inside the housing 300 of the electronic device 1000, or partially integrated with the housing 300, or partially disposed outside the housing 300.

[0048] The electronic device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, devices capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals such as mobile phones, telephones, televisions, tablet computers, cameras, personal computers, laptops, in-vehicle devices, headphones, watches, wearable devices, base stations, vehicle radars, and customer pre-installation equipment (CPE). In this application, a mobile phone is used as an example of the electronic device 1000; other devices can be referred to the specific descriptions in this application.

[0049] Please see Figure 2 The housing 300 includes a frame 310 and a back cover 320. A middle plate 330 is formed within the frame 310 by injection molding, and the middle plate 330 has multiple mounting slots for mounting various electronic components. The middle plate 330 and the frame 310 together form the middle plate 330 of the electronic device 1000. After the display screen 200, the middle frame 340, and the back cover 320 are closed, receiving spaces are formed on both sides of the middle frame 340. One side (e.g., the rear side) of the frame 310 surrounds the periphery of the back cover 320, and the other side (e.g., the front side) of the frame 310 surrounds the periphery of the display screen 200. The electronic device 1000 also includes a circuit board 500, a battery 600, a camera module, a microphone, a receiver, a speaker, a face recognition module, a fingerprint recognition module, and other components capable of realizing the basic functions of a mobile phone, all disposed within the receiving spaces; these will not be described in detail in this embodiment. Understandably, the above description of the electronic device 1000 is only an illustration of one environment in which the antenna module 100 is applied, and the specific structure of the electronic device 1000 should not be construed as a limitation on the antenna module 100 provided in this application.

[0050] The antenna module 100 provided in this application supports frequency bands including, but not limited to, millimeter-wave bands. With the trend towards thinner and smaller electronic devices 1000, the space available for antenna modules within the electronic device 1000 is becoming increasingly limited. Therefore, how to achieve miniaturization and compactness of the antenna module to better apply it within the space-constrained electronic device 1000, thereby increasing the antenna functionality within the electronic device 1000 and expanding the application scenarios of the antenna module, has become a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0051] The specific structure of the antenna module 100 provided in this application will be illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Of course, the antenna module 100 provided in this application includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0052] For ease of description, the antenna module 100 is located in Figure 3 Using the viewing angle in the image as a reference, the width direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the X-axis direction, the length direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the Y-axis direction, and the thickness direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the Z-axis direction. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are all perpendicular to each other. The direction indicated by the arrow is positive.

[0053] The antenna module 100 includes multiple antenna elements 10 arranged in an array. This application does not specifically limit the number or arrangement of the antenna elements 10. In this embodiment, an example is given of multiple antenna elements 10 arranged along the Y-axis. For example, eight antenna elements 10 arranged in a straight line form a 1*8 array antenna. The antenna module 100 includes the aforementioned array antenna and radio frequency chip, etc. Of course, the multiple antenna elements 10 can also be arranged in a two-dimensional array.

[0054] The specific structure of antenna element 10 will be illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The antenna unit 10 includes a radiating unit 1 and a feeding unit 2.

[0056] The radiating element 1 includes at least one pair of radiating arms 11. Optionally, the number of radiating arms 11 can be one pair, two pairs, etc. A pair of radiating arms 11 can be a pair of dipole antennas. Optionally, a pair of radiating arms 11 can be arranged in the Y-axis direction, or in the X-axis direction, or in a direction that intersects both the X-axis and the Y-axis.

[0057] Please see Figure 5 Each of the radiating arms 11 is provided with a feed point (e.g., Figure 5 (The first feed point 101, the second feed point 102, the third feed point 103, the fourth feed point 104, etc.). The feed point is the part of the radiating arm 11 that is electrically connected to the feed unit 2.

[0058] The feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are disposed on different layers and opposite to each other. Optionally, both the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are made of conductive materials, including but not limited to metal materials. Optionally, both the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are metal layers disposed on a dielectric layer. The feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are disposed along the thickness direction and are spaced apart by dielectric layers. The dielectric layer described in this application is an insulating medium with relatively small dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and its specific material is not limited.

[0059] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 The feeding unit 2 includes at least one first feeding arm 21. Optionally, the number of first feeding arms 21 is the same as the number of pairs of radiating arms 11. When there is one pair of radiating arms 11, there is one first feeding arm 21. When there are two pairs of radiating arms 11, there are two first feeding arms 21. Each first feeding arm 21 feeds one pair of radiating arms 11.

[0060] Please see Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first feed arm 21 includes a first feed end 211, a first feed connection point 212, a second feed connection point 213, and a first arc-shaped balun line 214 that is sequentially electrically connected to the first feed end 211, the first feed connection point 212, and the second feed connection point 213.

[0061] The first feed terminal 211 is used to electrically connect to the radio frequency chip, and the electrical connection structure between the two includes, but is not limited to, a coaxial cable. The first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are respectively electrically connected to two feed points (e.g., the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 102) in a pair of radiating arms 11.

[0062] Optionally, the pair of radiating arms 11 form equal-radiation and in-phase currents under the excitation signals transmitted at the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213, respectively.

[0063] Optionally, the first feed terminal 211 is electrically connected to the RF chip via an unbalanced terminal (e.g., a coaxial cable). A first arc-shaped balun line 214 is provided between the pair of radiating arms 11 and the first feed terminal 211. The first arc-shaped balun line 214 converts the unbalanced signal of the first feed terminal 211 into a balanced signal.

[0064] The first arc-shaped balun 214 is electrically connected to the first feed terminal 211, the first feed connection point 212, and the second feed connection point 213. The radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by the RF chip are transmitted to the first arc-shaped balun 214 via the first feed terminal 211. The first arc-shaped balun 214 converts the single-ended signal into a first differential signal and a second differential signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 180°. For example, the phase of the first differential signal is 0°, and the phase of the second differential signal is 180°. The first differential signal is then transmitted via the first feed connection point 212 to one of the feed points in the pair of radiating arms 11 (e.g., the first feed point 101). The first arc-shaped balun 214 transmits the second differential signal to the second feed connection point 213, and then via the second feed connection point 213 to the other feed point in the pair of radiating arms 11 (e.g., the second feed point 102), making the signals at the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 102 equal amplitude and in-phase signals. The above path can be used to feed a pair of radiating arms 11.

[0065] The first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are arranged opposite to each other. Optionally, the arrangement direction of the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is the same as the arrangement direction of the pair of radiating arms 11.

[0066] Optionally, in the thickness direction, one feed point (e.g., the first feed point 101) on a pair of radiating arms 11 is directly opposite to the first feed connection point 212, and the other feed point (e.g., the second feed point 102) on a pair of radiating arms 11 is directly opposite to the second feed connection point 213. Of course, in other embodiments, one feed point (e.g., the first feed point 101) on a pair of radiating arms 11 and the first feed connection point 212 may be staggered, and the other feed point (e.g., the second feed point 102) on a pair of radiating arms 11 may be staggered with the second feed connection point 213.

[0067] Optionally, the first feed connection point 212 is electrically connected to one of the feed points (e.g., the first feed point 101) in the pair of radiating arms 11 via capacitive coupling or via conductive vias, conductive traces, etc. Optionally, the second feed connection point 213 is electrically connected to the other feed point (e.g., the second feed point 102) in the pair of radiating arms 11 via capacitive coupling or via conductive vias, conductive traces, etc. In this embodiment, both the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are electrically connected to the feed points (e.g., the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 102) in the pair of radiating arms 11 via conductive vias.

[0068] Optionally, the RF chip and the first feed terminal 211 can be connected via a coaxial cable or other means.

[0069] Since dipole antennas are balanced antennas and coaxial cables are unbalanced transmission lines, directly connecting the two would result in high-frequency current flowing through the outer sheath of the coaxial cable, thus affecting the antenna's radiation. In this application, the first arc-shaped balun 214 serves as a balanced-to-unbalanced converter. By connecting the first arc-shaped balun 214 between the balanced antenna and the unbalanced transmission line, the high-frequency current in the outer sheath of the coaxial cable is reduced, thereby improving the antenna's radiation performance.

[0070] This application designs a first feed end 211, a first feed connection point 212, and a second feed connection point 213 of a first feed arm 21 to be coplanarly arranged, and these three points are sequentially electrically connected by a first arc-shaped balun line 214. The arrangement of the first arc-shaped balun line 214 allows the feed unit 2 to form a planar structure, thus making the first feed arm 21 relatively small in the thickness direction of the antenna unit 10, thereby achieving a low profile and miniaturization of the antenna module 100. The first arc-shaped balun line 214 converts the single-ended signal from the first feed end 211 into a differential signal to achieve equal amplitude and in-phase current in a pair of dipole arms, thereby increasing the gain of the pair of dipole arms. Furthermore, the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can also achieve impedance matching, ensuring that the impedance on the transmission line matches the impedance on the radiating arm 11, improving the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0071] This application does not specifically limit whether two adjacent antenna elements 10 are coupled to each other. In this embodiment, among the multiple antenna elements 10, the spacing between two adjacent antenna elements 10 is small, and the two adjacent antenna elements 10 are coupled to each other to form a tightly coupled array antenna. In this way, the size of the antenna module 100 in the XY plane is relatively small, the aperture of the array antenna is small, and the miniaturization of the antenna module 100 is promoted.

[0072] Mutual coupling between typical antenna elements 10 can degrade antenna performance. However, in this application, please refer to... Figure 3 The antenna module 100 includes an array antenna 20 formed by multiple antenna elements 10. This array antenna 20 can be a phased array antenna. Each antenna element 10 also includes a first metal layer 3. The first metal layer 3 serves as a reference ground plane. The first metal layer 3 is located between the radiating element 1 and the feeding element 2. The radiating element 1 is coupled to the first metal layer 3. For the array antenna 20, the first metal layer 3 is a continuous unit. The arrangement of the first metal layer 3 not only does not affect the radiation performance of the array antenna 20 but also broadens its impedance bandwidth.

[0073] The specific principle is as follows: an infinitely large square array (i.e., an infinitely large current plate) is composed of several planar electric dipoles arranged closely together. Above the array plane is free space, and below it is a metal reflector, which is the first metal layer 3. The coupling effect between the antenna elements 10 causes a drastic change in the impedance of the phased array antenna during beam scanning. The relationship between the array impedance R and the electric dipole radiation resistance R0 when the array is not scanning is given when the infinitely large current plate scans to angle θ in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively.

[0074] (1)

[0075] (2)

[0076] During beam scanning, the impedance of a phased array antenna changes drastically, resulting in a large range of differences between the array impedance R during beam scanning and the electric dipole radiation resistance R0 when the phased array antenna is not scanning. This leads to a larger range of scanning angles θ in the E-plane and H-plane, thus enabling the phased array antenna to achieve large scanning angles in both planes. Furthermore, the fundamental structure of the infinite current sheet ensures that its equivalent circuit never introduces a reactive component, only real resistance. This unique structure contributes to its broadband characteristics.

[0077] Millimeter-wave communication, with its abundant spectrum, has become crucial for 5G applications. The advantages of 5G millimeter-wave array antennas 20 lie in their high-density, high-intensity signal coverage. In the era of millimeter-wave communication, broadband antennas with wideband performance will be a key research focus. With the increasingly widespread application of the 5G millimeter-wave band, designing tightly coupled antennas for the 5G millimeter-wave band has become a technical challenge. The 5G millimeter-wave band covers 24.75-27.5GHz and 37-43.5GHz. As the operating frequency increases, the size of the antenna element 10 decreases. Therefore, to achieve a tightly coupled antenna design for the 5G millimeter-wave band and avoid pattern grating lobes during wide-angle scanning, it is necessary to overcome the miniaturization and low-profile technical challenges of tightly coupled antenna arrays. While conventional tightly coupled structures use a vertical design, which supports low-frequency bands, this vertical structure suffers from excessive size. For the 5G millimeter-wave band, the vertical structure is no longer suitable, and its large size also prevents its use in confined electronic devices.

[0078] Based on the aforementioned problem of how to implement a tightly coupled antenna suitable for the 5G millimeter-wave band, the antenna module 100 provided in this application embodiment has a radiating element 1 that is a conductive layer disposed on a dielectric layer, i.e., a planar structure. The feeding element 2 is also a conductive layer disposed on another dielectric layer (such as the first arc-shaped balun line 214, the first feeding end 211, the first feeding connection point 212, and the second feeding connection point 213 mentioned above), i.e., the feeding element 2 is also a planar structure. This design achieves miniaturization, thinness, and low profile of the antenna module 100, and the antenna element 10 has a small volume, which can be applied to the 5G millimeter-wave band. Furthermore, through the above-mentioned design of the planar radiating element 1, the planar feeding element 2, the first metal layer 3, and the tight coupling between adjacent antenna elements 10, a tightly coupled antenna suitable for the 5G millimeter-wave band can be realized, thereby supporting the 5G millimeter-wave band, widening the bandwidth, and realizing the miniaturization of the antenna module 100, which is beneficial for the application of the 5G millimeter-wave band tightly coupled antenna in electronic devices with limited space.

[0079] It is understood that an insulating dielectric layer is provided between the first metal layer 3 and the radiating unit 1, and between the first metal layer 3 and the feeding unit 2. The insulating dielectric layer can be a dielectric matching layer, a dielectric substrate, etc.

[0080] Optionally, the array antenna 20 mentioned above can be an antenna-in-package (AIP). AIP technology integrates the antenna and other circuits into the same package through packaging materials and processes, thus achieving a good balance between antenna performance, cost, and size.

[0081] Furthermore, the planar radiating element 1 provided in this application is a dipole antenna. The reactance component of the dipole antenna exhibits capacitive behavior at low frequencies and inductive behavior at high frequencies, similar to Z. L They can cancel each other out. In this network, the free space, dielectric matching layer, and dielectric substrate are all represented by transmission lines, forming a transmission line network whose equivalent impedance is expressed as Z. L The coupling capacitance between adjacent antenna elements 10 can also cancel out Z. L A portion of the reactive component. Through the interaction of the reference ground, dipole antenna, and coupling capacitor, the dipole antenna achieves better impedance matching over a wide frequency band, thus enabling the tightly coupled array antenna 20 to have a wide operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the characteristic impedance introduced by the dielectric matching layer also positively impacts the overall wideband matching.

[0082] The antenna module 100 provided in this application is a tightly coupled array antenna 20. The distance between adjacent antenna elements 10 is small, resulting in a relatively small size in the XY plane. Furthermore, the antenna elements 10 exhibit mutual coupling effects, which expands the antenna bandwidth. The radiating arm 11 of the radiating element 1 and the feeding arm in the feeding element 2 are both planar structures, which reduces the thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20, achieves a low profile, promotes the miniaturization of the antenna module 100, and can also be used to form a tightly coupled antenna suitable for the 5G millimeter-wave band. By designing the radiating arm 11 of the radiating element 1 as a dipole antenna, good impedance matching can be achieved over a wide frequency band.

[0083] Optional, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first arc-shaped balun line 214 includes a first transmission line 215 and a second transmission line 216. The first transmission line 215 is electrically connected between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213. The second transmission line 216 is electrically connected between the first feed terminal 211 and the first feed connection point 212.

[0084] Wherein, the first transmission line 215 is a 1 / 2 circular arc; and / or, the second transmission line 216 is a 1 / 4 circular arc. It should be noted that the circular arc described in this application can be a perfect circle or an ellipse.

[0085] For details, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are positioned opposite each other, and the first transmission line 215 is a 1 / 2 circular arc. In other words, the center of the first transmission line 215 is the midpoint of the line connecting the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213. Optionally, the midpoint of the line connecting the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is directly opposite the center of symmetry of the pair of radiating arms 11 in the Z-axis direction. Thus, the space occupied by the first transmission line 215 overlaps with the space occupied by the pair of radiating arms 11 in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing the spatial size occupied by the antenna element 10. Moreover, by making the first transmission line 215 a 1 / 2 circular arc, the path difference between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is a 1 / 2 circular arc, which can achieve a 180° phase change of the second differential signal after transmission through the first transmission line 215, realizing equal amplitude and in-phase current of the dipole arms, thereby improving the antenna radiation performance. This application does not impose a specific limitation on the arc radius of the first transmission line 215. Optionally, the arc radius of the first transmission line 215 may be greater than, less than or equal to half the distance between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213.

[0086] Optionally, the second transmission line 216 is a quarter-circle arc, and the first transmission line 215 and the second transmission line 216 may or may not be concentric. When the first transmission line 215 and the second transmission line 216 are concentric, the center of the circle is directly opposite the center of symmetry of the pair of radiating arms 11. This arrangement allows the first arc-shaped balun line 214 to utilize the space below the radiating element 1 in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna element 10.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments, the second transmission line 216 can also be a 1 / 8 arc line, a 3 / 8 arc line, etc.

[0088] The feed unit 2 provided in this application is a 3 / 4 circular planar balun. The first feed terminal 211 inputs a feed line through a 1 / 4 circular arc to the first feed connection point 212, and then through the first feed connection point 212 to the feed post of a dipole arm (i.e., the radiating arm 11 of the dipole antenna), and then continues through a 2 / 4 circular arc to the second feed connection point 213, and then through the second feed connection point 213 to the feed post of another dipole arm. The path difference between the two feed posts is a 2 / 4 circular arc. At this time, the current of the dipole arm can be in phase and of equal amplitude, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the dipole arm.

[0089] Optionally, the first arcuate balun line 214 includes at least one of a microstrip line or a stripline. Specifically, the first arcuate balun line 214 is a planar microstrip line or a planar stripline.

[0090] Specifically, a microstrip line is a strip-shaped trace that runs on the surface layer and is attached to the surface of a dielectric layer, separated from the ground plane by the dielectric layer. One side of the microstrip line is exposed to the air (which can radiate to the surroundings or be interfered with by surrounding radiation), while the other side is attached to the insulating dielectric. Therefore, the electric field it generates is distributed partly in the air and partly in the insulating dielectric.

[0091] Specifically, a stripline is a strip of wire embedded in a dielectric material between two conductive planes. Because the stripline is embedded between two conductive planes, its electric field distribution is entirely within the two conductive planes, and it does not radiate energy or receive external radiation interference.

[0092] The characteristic impedance of the first arc-shaped balun 214 can be adjusted by setting the thickness and width of the first arc-shaped balun 214 and the distance between it and the reference ground.

[0093] When the number of radiating arms 11 is a pair, the tightly coupled antenna is a single-polarized antenna. When the tightly coupled antenna element 10 is designed from single-polarization to dual-polarization, it is necessary to ensure the performance of both polarizations at the same time. How to reasonably design the layout of the dual-polarization element so that the array antenna 20 has wide bandwidth, wide angle and wide scanning characteristics in both polarizations is an important issue.

[0094] The following embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrate the use of a radiation unit 1 comprising two pairs of radiation arms 11 as an example.

[0095] Please see Figure 5 The at least one pair of radiating arms 11 includes a pair of first radiating arms 111 arranged along a first direction and a pair of second radiating arms 112 arranged along a second direction. The first direction intersects the second direction (the angle of intersection is 0~90°). Optionally, the first direction is the X-axis direction and the second direction is the Y-axis direction. In other embodiments, the first direction may also be the Y-axis direction and the second direction may be the X-axis direction; or, the angle between the first direction and the X-axis is 45°, and the angle between the second direction and the Y-axis is 45°. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0096] The first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and are electrically connected to the two feed points of a pair of first radiating arms 111, respectively. The two feed points of the pair of first radiating arms 111 are denoted as the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 102. Optionally, the first feed connection point 212 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the first feed point 101; the second feed connection point 213 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the second feed point 102.

[0097] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The power supply unit 2 further includes a second power supply arm 22. Optionally, the second power supply arm 22 and the first power supply arm 21 are located on different layers or on the same layer. The second power supply arm 22 includes a second power supply end 221, a third power supply connection point 222, and a fourth power supply connection point 223, which are electrically connected in sequence. The third power supply connection point 222 and the fourth power supply connection point 223 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction. The third power supply connection point 222 and the fourth power supply connection point 223 are respectively electrically connected to two power supply points of a pair of second radiating arms 112. The two power supply points of the pair of second radiating arms 112 are respectively denoted as the third power supply point 103 and the fourth power supply point 104. Optionally, the third power supply connection point 222 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the third power supply point 103; the fourth power supply connection point 223 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the fourth power supply point 104.

[0098] In this embodiment, the radiating element 1 is designed to include two pairs of orthogonally arranged radiating arms 11. These two pairs of orthogonally arranged radiating arms 11 can form a dual-polarized antenna, for example, a dual-polarized antenna in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. Dual-polarized antennas can enhance transmission and reception stability. For example, vertically polarized waves should be received using an antenna with vertical polarization characteristics, and horizontally polarized waves should be received using an antenna with horizontal polarization characteristics. When the polarization direction of the incoming wave is inconsistent with the polarization direction of the receiving antenna, the received signal will be weaker, meaning polarization loss occurs. When the polarization direction of the receiving antenna is completely orthogonal to the polarization direction of the incoming wave, for example, when a horizontally polarized receiving antenna receives a vertically polarized incoming wave, the antenna will not receive any energy from the incoming wave at all. In this case, the polarization loss is maximum, which is called complete polarization isolation. Therefore, a dual-polarized antenna can receive signals of more polarizations, and the transmitted signal can be received better.

[0099] Furthermore, dual-polarized antennas require a relatively large number of feed terminals. A conventional tightly coupled antenna element 10 requires two feed terminals per polarization (each dipole arm connected to a separate feed terminal), while dual-polarization requires four ports and has a high profile. When a conventional dual-polarized array antenna 20 is used in 5G millimeter-wave band communication equipment, for example, if the array consists of eight antenna elements 10, then a conventional tightly coupled array would require 32 ports. The increased number of ports in the array antenna 20 leads to increased antenna cost and structural complexity. Due to limitations in module size and the size of the tightly coupled suppression grating, the number of feed terminals in the antenna module 100 is limited, for example, to 16. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally design the feed structure of the tightly coupled antenna to overcome the problem of minimizing the number of ports.

[0100] The feeding unit 2 provided in this application embodiment has a first feeding arm 21 electrically connected to two feeding points on a pair of first radiating arms 111 via a first feeding terminal 211 and a first arc-shaped balun line 214, and a second feeding arm 22 electrically connected to two feeding points on a pair of second radiating arms 112 via a second feeding terminal 221. Thus, a dual-polarized antenna element 10 only needs two feeding terminals, significantly reducing the number of feeding terminals compared to the four feeding terminals required for a conventional dual-polarized antenna element 10.

[0101] The specific structures of the first feed arm 21 and the second feed arm 22 are illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0102] In the first embodiment of the power supply unit 2, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The second feed arm 22 further includes a second arc-shaped balun line 224 that is coplanarly arranged and sequentially electrically connected to the second feed end 221, the third feed connection point 222, and the fourth feed connection point 223.

[0103] This embodiment designs the second feed arm 22 as a coplanar balun structure, which can reduce the thickness of the second feed arm 22 and facilitate the low profile of the antenna module 100.

[0104] Optional, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The second arc-shaped balun line 224 includes a third transmission line 225 and a fourth transmission line 226. The third transmission line 225 is electrically connected between the second feed terminal 221 and the third feed connection point 222. The fourth transmission line 226 is electrically connected between the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223. The third transmission line 225 is a 1 / 2 arc; and / or, the fourth transmission line 226 is a 1 / 4 arc.

[0105] Specifically, the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are arranged opposite each other along the second direction, and the third transmission line 225 is a 1 / 2 circular arc. In other words, the center of the third transmission line 225 is the midpoint of the line connecting the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223. Optionally, the midpoint of the line connecting the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 is directly opposite the center of symmetry of the pair of second radiating arms 112 in the Z-axis direction. In this way, the space occupied by the third transmission line 225 overlaps with the space occupied by the pair of second radiating arms 112 in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing the spatial size occupied by the antenna element 10. Furthermore, by using a half-circular arc for the third transmission line 225, the path difference between the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 is also half-circular, which enables the currents of the pair of second radiating arms 112 to be of equal amplitude and in phase (refer to the aforementioned description of "the phase of the second differential signal changes by 180° after transmission through the first transmission line 215"), thereby improving the antenna radiation performance. This application does not specifically limit the radius of the arc of the third transmission line 225; optionally, the radius of the arc of the third transmission line 225 can be greater than, less than, or equal to half the distance between the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223.

[0106] Optionally, the fourth transmission line 226 is a quarter-circle arc, and the third transmission line 225 and the fourth transmission line 226 may or may not be circular. When the third transmission line 225 and the fourth transmission line 226 are circular, the center of the circle is directly opposite the center of symmetry of the pair of second radiating arms 112. This arrangement allows the first arc-shaped balun line 214 to utilize the space below the radiating element 1 in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna element 10.

[0107] Of course, in other embodiments, the fourth transmission line 226 can also be a 1 / 8 arc line, a 3 / 8 arc line, etc.

[0108] The first feed arm 21 and the second feed arm 22 provided in this application are both 3 / 4 circular planar baluns. The second feed terminal 221 input passes through a 1 / 4 circular arc to the third feed connection point 222, and then through the third feed connection point 222 to the feed post of a dipole arm (i.e., the radiating arm 11 of the dipole antenna), and then continues through a 2 / 4 circular arc to the fourth feed connection point 223, and then through the fourth feed connection point 223 to the feed post of another dipole arm. The path difference between the two feed posts is a 2 / 4 circular arc. At this time, the current of the dipole arm can be equal in amplitude and phase, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the dipole arm.

[0109] Optionally, the second arcuate balun line 224 includes at least one of a microstrip line or a strip line. Specifically, the second arcuate balun line 224 is a planar microstrip line or a planar strip line.

[0110] Optional, please refer to Figure 7 The second feed arm 22 and the first feed arm 21 are located on different layers.

[0111] The second feed terminal 221 is located on a different layer from the second feed connection point 213 and the first feed connection point 212, and is sequentially arranged in the first direction. The first feed terminal 211 is located on a different layer from the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223, and is sequentially arranged in the second direction. Further, the first feed terminal 211 and the second feed terminal 221 are located outside the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224. Further, the second feed connection point 213, the first feed connection point 212, the third feed connection point 222, and the fourth feed connection point 223 are located inside the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224.

[0112] Thus, the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 overlap in the space of the XY plane, thereby greatly reducing the space occupied by the feed unit 2 of the dual-polarized antenna in the XY plane, promoting the miniaturization of the feed unit 2, and facilitating the formation of a dual-polarized tightly coupled array antenna 20 suitable for 5G millimeter waves.

[0113] Optionally, the lengths of the first arcuate baron line 214 and the second arcuate baron line 224 can be the same.

[0114] Further, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The antenna element 10 further includes a first feed post 31, a second feed post 32, a third feed post 33, and a fourth feed post 34. The two ends of the first feed post 31 are electrically connected to the first feed connection point 212 and one of the feed points (i.e., the first feed point 101) in the first radiating arm 111, respectively. The two ends of the second feed post 32 are electrically connected to the second feed connection point 213 and the other feed point (i.e., the second feed point 102) in the first radiating arm 111, respectively. The two ends of the third feed post 33 are electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222 and one of the feed points (i.e., the third feed point 103) in the second radiating arm 112, respectively. The two ends of the fourth feed post 34 are electrically connected to the fourth feed connection point 223 and the other feed point (i.e., the fourth feed point 104) in the second radiating arm 112, respectively.

[0115] Understandably, the first metal layer 3 is disposed between the radiating element 1 and the feeding element 2. The first metal layer 3 has hollow areas corresponding to the areas where the first feeding post 31, the second feeding post 32, the third feeding post 33 and the fourth feeding post 34 are located, so that the first feeding post 31, the second feeding post 32, the third feeding post 33 and the fourth feeding post 34 can pass through the hollow areas of the first metal layer 3 and be electrically connected to the four feeding points of the dual-polarized antenna element 10.

[0116] Optionally, both the first arc-shaped baron line 214 and the second arc-shaped baron line 224 are strip lines. The definition of a strip line can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0117] Please see Figures 10-12 The antenna module 100 further includes a second metal layer 4 and a third metal layer 5 sequentially disposed along the thickness direction of the first metal layer 3. The second metal layer 4 is disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along the thickness direction. The third metal layer 5 is disposed opposite to the second metal layer 4 along the thickness direction. The first feed arm 21 is disposed between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and is insulated from both the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, for example, by providing an insulating dielectric layer. The second feed arm 22 is disposed between the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5, and is insulated from both the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5, for example, by providing an insulating dielectric layer. The first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 constitute the ground plane of the first feed arm 21. The second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 constitute the ground plane of the second feed unit 2.

[0118] By placing the first feed arm 21 between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and placing the second feed unit 2 between the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5, the first metal layer 3 can couple with the radiating arm 11 to form a tightly coupled array antenna 20. The first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 can also protect the area around the first arc-shaped balun 214 to prevent the high-frequency signal transmitted by the first arc-shaped balun 214 from radiating outwards, and also to prevent external radiation interference. The second metal layer 4 can... The protection provided for the periphery of the first arc-shaped balun 214 also protects the periphery of the second arc-shaped balun 224, preventing the signals transmitted by the first and second arc-shaped baluns 214 from leaking out. It also prevents external radiation (such as from the first arc-shaped balun 214) from interfering with the second arc-shaped balun 224, reduces the coupling effect between the first and second arc-shaped baluns 214, and improves the isolation between the first and second arc-shaped baluns 214.

[0119] Understandably, the second metal layer 4 has a cutout area so that the third feed post 33 and the fourth feed post 34 of the second feed unit 2 can pass through the cutout area on the second metal layer 4 and be electrically connected to the third feed point 103 and the fourth feed point 104.

[0120] Understandably, the third metal layer 5 has a cutout area so that a coaxial line for electrically connecting the RF chip passes through the cutout area on the third metal layer 5 and is electrically connected to the second feed terminal 221 of the second feed unit 2. Another coaxial line for electrically connecting the RF chip passes through the cutout areas on the third metal layer 5 and the cutout areas on the second metal layer 4 and is electrically connected to the first feed terminal 211 of the first feed arm 21.

[0121] In the second embodiment of the power supply unit 2, please refer to Figure 13 This embodiment is largely the same as the embodiment of the second type of feeding unit 2, the main difference being that the first arc-shaped balun line 214 is a stripline line, and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 is a microstrip line. The antenna unit 10 further includes at least one second metal layer 4, which is disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along its thickness direction. The first feeding arm 21 is disposed between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and is insulated from both the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, for example, by providing an insulating dielectric layer. The second feeding arm 22 is disposed on the side of the second metal layer 4 facing away from the first metal layer 3, and is insulated from the second metal layer 4, for example, by providing an insulating dielectric layer.

[0122] Optionally, the second metal layer 4 is a single layer. Compared with the first feeding unit 2, this embodiment reduces the setting of one metal layer (i.e., the third metal layer 5), further reducing the thickness of the antenna module 100, which is beneficial for a low profile; at the same time, it can ensure that the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 can work well and will not interfere with each other.

[0123] In the third embodiment of the power supply unit 2, please refer to Figure 14 This embodiment is largely the same as the embodiment of the second type of power supply unit 2. The main difference is that there are two layers of the second metal layer 4, and the two layers of the second metal layer 4 are spaced apart.

[0124] By setting two second metal layers 4, the isolation between the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 can be further increased.

[0125] In the fourth embodiment of the power supply unit 2, please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment of the power supply unit 2 is that the power supply unit 2 further includes a bent balun line 227 that is sequentially electrically connected to the second power supply end 221, the third power supply connection point 222, and the fourth power supply connection point 223. The surface where the second power supply end 221 is located is different from the surfaces where the third power supply connection point 222 and the fourth power supply connection point 223 are located. For example, the surface where the first metal layer 3 is located, the surfaces where the third power supply connection point 222 and the fourth power supply connection point 223 are located, and the surface where the second power supply end 221 is located are arranged sequentially.

[0126] Optionally, the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are arranged along the second direction. The second feed end 221 and the third feed connection point 222 are arranged along the Z-axis direction and are electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222. In this way, the space occupied by the second feed unit 2 in the XY plane is smaller.

[0127] Optionally, the first feed connection point 212, the second feed connection point 213, the third feed connection point 222, and the fourth feed connection point 223 are arranged coplanarly. In this way, the first feed arm 21 and a portion of the second feed unit 2 can be arranged coplanarly. Compared to arranging the first feed arm 21 and the second feed unit 2 in separate layers, the thickness of the antenna unit 10 (or antenna module 100) can be further reduced, further promoting a low profile for the tightly coupled antenna, and better suited for application in the 5G frequency band.

[0128] Please see Figure 15 and Figure 16The bent balun line 227 includes a third transmission line 225 extending along the second direction and a fourth transmission line 226 extending along the thickness direction. The third transmission line 225 is electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223. The fourth transmission line 226 is electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222 and the second feed end 221. The third transmission line 225 is coplanar with the first curved balun line 214, and the fourth transmission line 226 intersects the plane containing the third transmission line 225 and the first curved balun line 214. The fourth transmission line 226 is perpendicular to the plane containing the third transmission line 225 and the first curved balun line 214.

[0129] Optionally, the third transmission line 225 may include, but is not limited to, an arc, a bend, or a straight line. In this embodiment, the third transmission line 225 is a straight line. The third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 may be located inside the first arc-shaped balun 214 to fully utilize the space inside the first arc-shaped balun 214 and reduce the space occupied by the first arc-shaped balun 214 and the bend balun 227. Optionally, the length of the bend balun 227 may be the same as or different from the length of the first arc-shaped balun 214, and the width of the third transmission line 225 may be different from the width of the first arc-shaped balun.

[0130] In other words, the balun line of the first feed arm 21 is an arc-shaped balun line, such as a 3 / 4 circular arc balun line. The balun line of the second feed unit 2 is L-shaped.

[0131] The bent balun line 227 includes at least one of a microstrip line or a stripline. The antenna element 10 further includes a second metal layer 4, which is disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along its thickness direction. The first feed arm 21 and a portion of the second feed arm 22 are disposed between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and are insulated from both the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4.

[0132] Compared to the first implementation of the feeding unit 2, this implementation can ensure good feeding of the dual-polarized dipole radiating element, while further reducing the number of metal layers, further reducing the thickness of the antenna element 10 (or antenna module 100), further promoting the low profile of the tightly coupled antenna, and better applying it to the 5G band.

[0133] Of course, in other embodiments, the first curved balun line 214 and the bent balun line 227 can be disposed in different layers. For example, the first curved balun line 214 can be disposed between the layer containing the bent balun line 227 and the first metal layer 3. The bent balun line 227 can be disposed between the layer containing the second curved balun line 224 and the first metal layer 3.

[0134] The structure of the radiating unit 1 in this application will be specifically illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0135] Please see Figure 11 Regarding the array antenna 20, this embodiment will first describe an example where the radiating element 1 of the antenna element 10 includes two pairs of orthogonally arranged dipole radiating elements. A pair of first radiating arms 111 are defined as a first radiating element 111a and a second radiating element 111b. A pair of second radiating arms 112 are defined as a third radiating element 112a and a fourth radiating element 112b. The radiating elements 1 of adjacent antenna elements 10 are capacitively coupled. The radiating elements 1 are also capacitively coupled to the first metal layer 3 to form a tightly coupled array antenna 20.

[0136] Please see Figure 11 and Figure 12 The radiating arm 11 (the radiating arm 11 is a radiating oscillator) includes a main radiating arm 113 and at least one layer of conductive patch 114.

[0137] When the main radiating arm 113 is close to the main radiating arm 113 of the adjacent antenna element 10, the two adjacent main radiating arms 113 in different antenna elements 10 are coupled to each other to form a tightly coupled array antenna 20.

[0138] The at least one conductive patch 114 is located between the surface of the main radiating arm 113 and the first metal layer 3. This application does not specify the number of conductive patches 114 layers. For example, one layer, two layers, etc., multiple conductive patches 114 are arranged along the Z-axis direction and spaced apart, with their orthographic projections in the Z-axis direction at least partially overlapping to form capacitive coupling. The surface of the main radiating arm 113, the at least one conductive patch 114, and the first metal layer 3 are arranged sequentially along the Z-axis direction, and an insulating dielectric layer is provided between adjacent layers. The orthographic projection of the main radiating arm 113 in the Z-axis direction at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the conductive patch 114 in the Z-axis direction.

[0139] Understandably, the conductive patch 114 partially overlaps with the main radiating arm 113. Furthermore, the conductive patch 114 and the end of the main radiating arm 113 furthest from the center of symmetry of the feeding unit 2 are directly opposite each other.

[0140] The conductive patch 114 is coupled to the main radiating arm 113. The conductive patch 114 is also coupled to or directly electrically connected to the first metal layer 3. Optionally, the conductive patch 114 and the main radiating arm 113 are capacitively coupled or directly electrically connected. Optionally, the conductive patch 114 is capacitively coupled to the first metal layer 3.

[0141] By setting the conductive patch 114 between the main radiating arm 113 and the first metal layer 3, and coupling the three together in sequence in the Z-axis direction, the bandwidth of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 is broadened.

[0142] Please see Figure 11 and Figure 12 The conductive patch 114 consists of two layers. One layer of the conductive patch 114 is capacitively coupled to the main radiating arm 113, and the other layer is electrically connected to the first metal layer 3 through a first conductive via 35. The two layers of conductive patches 114 are capacitively coupled. By using two layers of conductive patches 114, the bandwidth of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 is reasonably widened while ensuring that the tightly coupled array antenna 20 has a relatively small thickness, achieving a low profile for application in the 5G millimeter-wave band.

[0143] Understandably, when an antenna element 10 has four radiating elements, two of them are arranged along the X-axis, i.e., symmetrically arranged about the Y-axis; the other two are arranged along the Y-axis, i.e., symmetrically arranged about the X-axis. In other words, the four radiating elements are centrally symmetrical. The first feed point 101 is the feed point on the first radiating element 111a, the second feed point 102 is the feed point on the second radiating element 111b, the third feed point 103 is the feed point on the third radiating element 112a, and the fourth feed point 104 is the feed point on the fourth radiating element 112b. The first feed point 101, the second feed point 102, the third feed point 103, and the fourth feed point 104 are all located close to the center of symmetry of the radiating element 1.

[0144] This application does not impose a specific limitation on the shape of the radiating oscillator. For example, the shape of the radiating oscillator includes, but is not limited to, a square, a circle, a triangle, or a shape containing square, circle, and triangle. Optionally, when the radiating oscillator is arranged along the X-axis, its shape is symmetrical about the X-axis. When the radiating oscillator is arranged along the Y-axis, its shape is symmetrical about the Y-axis.

[0145] Optionally, the end of the radiating oscillator closer to the center of symmetry is semi-circular, and the end of the radiating oscillator farther from the center of symmetry is rectangular.

[0146] In the tightly coupled array antenna 20, some antenna elements 10 have some main radiating arms 113 located in the middle position with other main radiating arms 113 coupled to them, but some main radiating arms 113 are located at the edge position without other main radiating arms 113 coupled to them.

[0147] Please see Figure 10 and Figure 17The main radiating arm 113 coupled to the main radiating arm 113 in the adjacent antenna element 10 is the first main radiating arm 113a. The main radiating arm 113 not coupled to the main radiating arm 113 in the adjacent antenna element 10 is the second main radiating arm 113b. The coupling environment of the first main radiating arm 113a is different from that of the second main radiating arm 113b.

[0148] For a 1*8 tightly coupled array antenna 20, in the antenna elements 10 located at both ends, the radiating element 1 includes three second main radiating arms 113b and one first main radiating arm 113a. In the antenna element 10 located in the middle position, the radiating element 1 includes two second main radiating arms 113b and two first main radiating arms 113a.

[0149] Please see Figure 18 The second main radiating arm 113b includes a first main radiating patch 115 and a first coupling patch 116 arranged coplanarly and spaced apart. The first coupling patch 116 is located on the side of the first main radiating patch 115 away from the center of symmetry of the radiating unit 1. The first coupling patch 116 is coupled to the first main radiating patch 115. For example, the end of the first main radiating patch 115 near the center of symmetry is semi-circular, and the end of the first main radiating patch 115 away from the center of symmetry is rectangular. The first coupling patch 116 is approximately rectangular.

[0150] The conductive patch 114 is opposite to the end of the first main radiating patch 115 that is away from the center of symmetry of the feeding unit 2 and the first coupling patch 116.

[0151] In a tightly coupled array antenna 20, the coupling effect of antenna elements 10 located at the edge is often not as good as that of antenna elements 10 located in the middle. In this embodiment, by setting the first coupling patch 116 to be coupled with the first main radiating patch 115, and setting the first coupling patch 116 and the first main radiating patch 115 in the same layer, the coupling environment of the first main radiating patch 115 can be improved, providing capacitive coupling for the first main radiating patch 115, so that the first main radiating patch 115 located at the edge also has a relatively good coupling environment, thereby widening the bandwidth, increasing the gain, and improving the characteristics of the antenna elements 10 located at the edge of the tightly coupled array antenna 20.

[0152] Optional, please refer to Figure 18The first main radiating patch 115 has a first edge 115a. The first coupling patch 116 has a second edge 116a. The first edge 115a and the second edge 116a are opposite to and spaced apart. The first edge 115a has at least one first notch 1151 and at least one first protrusion 1152. The second edge 116a has at least one second notch 1161 and at least one second protrusion 1162. A portion of the second protrusion 1162 extends into the first notch 1151. A portion of the first protrusion extends into the second notch 1161.

[0153] In this embodiment, the first edge 115a of the first main radiating patch 115 and the second edge 116a of the first coupling radiating patch are interlocked but not in contact. This interlocking coupling increases the current path between the first main radiating patch 115 and the first coupling radiating patch, thereby lengthening the electrical length of the radiating unit 1, thus widening the bandwidth and increasing the gain.

[0154] This application does not specifically limit the number of first notches 1151, the number of first protrusions 1152, the number of second protrusions 1162, and the number of second notches 1161.

[0155] Optionally, when the radiating oscillator is arranged along the X-axis, the first protrusion 1152 may extend along the X-axis, or extend first along the X-axis and then along the Y-axis, or extend in other inclined directions. For example, the first protrusion 1152 may be straight, L-shaped, or an inverted T-shape, etc. The shape of the second notch 1161 is adapted to the shape of the first protrusion 1152. The second protrusion 1162 may extend along the X-axis, or extend first along the X-axis and then along the Y-axis, or extend in other inclined directions. For example, the second protrusion 1162 may be straight, L-shaped, or an inverted T-shape, etc. The shape of the first notch 1151 is adapted to the shape of the second protrusion 1162.

[0156] Optional, please refer to Figure 19 The first main radiating arm 113a has a groove 1131 on its edge. This application does not specifically limit the shape of the groove 1131. The shape of the groove 1131 includes, but is not limited to, rectangles, semicircles, etc. This application does not specifically limit the position or number of the grooves 1131.

[0157] Optional, please refer to Figure 19 There are two grooves 1131. When the first main radiating arm 113a is set along the Y-axis, the two grooves 1131 are set along the X-axis, that is, symmetrically set about the Y-axis. Thus, the first main radiating arm 113a is symmetrically set along the Y-axis.

[0158] Since there is current on the surface of the first main radiating arm 113a, by setting a groove 1131 on the first main radiating arm 113a, the current path on the first main radiating arm 113a can be changed, thereby suppressing surface waves, enhancing radiation characteristics, increasing gain, and widening bandwidth.

[0159] Optional, please refer to Figure 20 The antenna unit 10 further includes a second coupling patch 117. The second coupling patch 117 is located on a different layer from the first main radiating arm 113a and is disposed opposite to it. The second coupling patch 117 may be located on the same layer as the conductive patch 114 but spaced apart, and the second coupling patch 117 is located between the conductive patch 114 and the central axis of symmetry of the radiating unit 1. The first main radiating arm 113a is electrically connected to the second coupling patch 117 through a second conductive via. The second coupling patch 117 is arc-shaped. The center of the arc of the second coupling patch 117 is located on the side where the central axis of symmetry of the radiating unit 1 is located.

[0160] In this application, the first main radiating arm 113a is electrically connected to the second coupling patch 117 through the second conductive via 118 to change the current path and guide the current path, thereby suppressing surface waves. Suppressing surface waves can enhance radiation characteristics, increase gain, and broaden bandwidth.

[0161] This application does not specify the number of second conductive vias 118. Optionally, the number of second conductive vias 118 can be multiple (e.g., three), and the multiple second conductive vias 118 are arranged along the extension direction of the second coupling patch 117.

[0162] Of course, in other embodiments, the second coupling patch 117 may be omitted, and the first main radiating arm 113a may be electrically connected to the first metal layer 3 through the second conductive via 118 to suppress surface waves.

[0163] In addition, drilling a ring of metal through holes around the antenna element 10 also helps to suppress surface wave energy and increase the impedance surface structure.

[0164] Optionally, the first radiating arm 111 and the second radiating arm 112 can be disposed on the same layer or on different layers. When the first radiating arm 111 and the second radiating arm 112 are located on the same layer, the thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 can be further reduced.

[0165] Taking the 20~45GHz frequency band supported by the millimeter-wave array antenna 20 as an example, its center operating frequency is 30GHz. In the following environment, the total thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 is 0.186 times the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency. The upper layer of the array antenna 20 board uses a material with a relative permittivity of ε1=3.09, a tangent loss angle of tanδ1=0.0031, and a thickness of H1=0.326mm. The center layer of the array antenna 20 board uses a material with a relative permittivity of ε2=3.31, a tangent loss angle of tanδ2=0.0033, and a thickness of H2=0.635mm. The lower layer of the array antenna 20 board uses a material with a relative permittivity of ε3=3.09, a tangent loss angle of tanδ3=0.0031, and a thickness of H3=0.326mm.

[0166] The array antenna 20 board has an upper layer consisting of an insulating dielectric layer between the bottom conductive patch 114 and the layer containing the radiating element 1. The central layer of the array antenna 20 board consists of an insulating dielectric layer between the bottom conductive patch 114 and the first metal layer 3. The lower layer of the array antenna 20 board consists of an insulating dielectric layer between the first metal layer 3 and the third metal layer 5.

[0167] Figure 21 The simulation results of the VSWR of antenna element 10 in the y-polarization direction are given by... Figure 21 As can be seen, the frequency band with a VSWR of less than 3 in the y-polarization direction is 22.97GHz to 46.4GHz, and this antenna covers the 5G millimeter-wave operating channels 24.75GHz to 27.5GHz and 37GHz to 42.5GHz. It can effectively support 5G millimeter-wave operation. Antenna voltage VSWR (VSWR) is an important indicator for measuring antenna feeding efficiency; the lower the VSWR, the less reflection and the better the matching. A VSWR of less than 3 is considered a low standard. The array antenna 20 provided in this embodiment controls the VSWR to a low value, resulting in good antenna matching.

[0168] Figure 22 The simulation results of the VSWR of antenna element 10 in the x-polarization direction are given by... Figure 22 As can be seen, the frequency band with a VSWR of less than 3 in the x-polarization direction is 23.83GHz to 48.39GHz, and the antenna covers the 5G millimeter wave operating channels 24.75GHz to 27.5GHz and 37GHz to 42.5GHz. This indicates that both polarization directions support 5G millimeter wave signal transmission and reception.

[0169] Figure 23The gain patterns of antenna element 10 in the E-plane and H-plane are shown at its highest operating frequency of 43 GHz. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna is along the Z-axis, so the theta angle is selected from -180° to 180°. The choice of the phi angle corresponds to different planes; for example, when the phi angle direction is consistent with the electric field vector, it is the E-plane; when it is orthogonal, it is the H-plane. The E-plane is the ZY-plane; the H-plane is the XY-plane. It can be seen that antenna element 10 has stable wide-beam radiation characteristics in the y-polarization direction over a wide bandwidth. Specifically, according to the gain pattern waveform conformance theory, the gain pattern does not produce distortion; therefore, it has a stable wide-beam radiation, which means the antenna has better directivity and stability. Figure 23 The coordinates on the left correspond to the magnitude of the gain that can be achieved. Figure 23 The dashed line and the solid line represent plane E and plane H, respectively.

[0170] Figure 24 The gain patterns of antenna element 10 in the E-plane and H-plane at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz show that antenna element 10 has stable wide-beam radiation characteristics in the x-polarization direction over a wide frequency band.

[0171] Figure 25 The maximum radiation pattern gain of the y-polarization of the array antenna is given by frequency when the scanning angle is 0°. It can be seen that the antenna can achieve a gain of more than 7.5dB in the operating frequency band, which shows that the y-polarization is working well.

[0172] Figure 26 The maximum radiation pattern of x-polarization of the array antenna with frequency at a scanning angle of 0° shows that the antenna can achieve a gain of more than 10.45dB in the operating frequency band, which indicates that the x-polarization is working well.

[0173] Figure 27 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the y-polarization direction at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 12.13dB. The gain pattern waveform is good, the beam pointing is good, and the gain value is good. Therefore, the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0174] Figure 28 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the x-polarization direction at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 10.94dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0175] Figure 29The image shows the maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the y-polarization direction at a scanning angle of 60° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz, as a function of the angle. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta = 60° is 9.53 dB, and the array antenna 20 exhibits stable broadband radiation beam characteristics over a wide bandwidth. The fact that the antenna can scan up to 60° indicates that the antenna has wide-angle scanning characteristics.

[0176] Figure 30 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the x-polarization direction at a scanning angle of 60° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz is shown as a function of angle. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta = 60° is 8.80 dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0177] Figure 31 The gain patterns of antenna element 10 in the E-plane and H-plane at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz show that antenna element 10 has stable wide-beam radiation characteristics in the y-polarization direction over a wide frequency band.

[0178] Figure 32 The gain patterns of antenna element 10 in the E-plane and H-plane at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz show that antenna element 10 has stable wide-beam radiation characteristics in the x-polarization direction over a wide frequency band.

[0179] Figure 33 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the y-polarization direction at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 7.50dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0180] Figure 34 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the x-polarization direction at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 0° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 10.45dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0181] Figure 35 The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the y-polarization direction at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 60° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 7.07dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0182] Figure 36The maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna 20 in the x-polarization direction at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz with a scanning angle of 60° is shown. It can be seen that the achievable gain at the azimuth angle Theta=0° is 1.55dB, and the array antenna 20 has stable broadband radiation beam characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0183] This application addresses the problems of numerous, large, and high-profile feed terminals in conventional tightly coupled antennas. By designing a planar balun feeding method, two polarized baluns are connected by a stripline, achieving equal amplitude and phase current in a pair of radiating arms 11 while also realizing dual-polarization feeding. This reduces the number of feed terminals, lowers manufacturing costs, and miniaturizes the antenna. Consequently, within the space constraints of mobile phones, this enables the miniaturization and low profile of the tightly coupled antenna, reducing the volume of the millimeter-wave antenna array, saving terminal space, and facilitating the thinner and lighter design of the terminal. At the same time, it achieves a wide-bandwidth, wide-angle, wide-scanning, and high-gain tightly coupled millimeter-wave antenna array, improving the communication performance of millimeter-wave terminals.

[0184] This application also improves the form of the radiating element 1 of the array antenna 20. By designing the dipole patch (first main radiating patch 115) and the first coupling patch 116 located at the edge of the array to be coupled to each other, the coupling environment of the dipole patch located at the edge of the array is compensated. By designing the dipole patch (first main radiating patch 115) and the first coupling patch 116 located at the edge of the array to be interdigitated, the current path of the antenna can be increased, thereby lengthening the electrical length of the radiating element 1. Semicircular slots are opened on both sides of the dipole patch located in the middle of the array, and the middle dipole patch is connected to the semicircular arc coupling patch to change the surface current path of the radiating element 1, suppress surface waves, and improve antenna performance.

[0185] The above description represents some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna module, characterized in that, The antenna module includes multiple antenna elements arranged in an array, and the antenna elements include: A radiating element includes at least one pair of radiating arms, each of which is provided with a feed point. The radiating arms include multiple main radiating arms. Two adjacent main radiating arms in different antenna elements are coupled to each other, and the main radiating arm coupled to the adjacent antenna element is the first main radiating arm. The second coupling patch is arc-shaped and is located on a different layer from the first main radiating arm and is disposed opposite to it. The first main radiating arm is electrically connected to the second coupling patch through a second conductive via. The main radiating arm not coupled to the adjacent antenna element is the second main radiating arm; the second main radiating arm includes a first main radiating patch and a first coupling patch that are coplanar and spaced apart, the first coupling patch is located on the side of the first main radiating patch away from the center of symmetry of the radiating element, and the first coupling patch is coupled to the first main radiating patch; the first main radiating patch has a first edge, the first coupling patch has a second edge, the first edge and the second edge are opposite to each other and spaced apart, the first edge has at least one first notch and at least one first protrusion, the second edge has at least one second notch and at least one second protrusion, a portion of the second protrusion extends into the first notch, and a portion of the first protrusion extends into the second notch; The feeding unit, disposed on a different layer and opposite to the radiating unit, includes at least one first feeding arm. The first feeding arm includes a first feeding end, a first feeding connection point, a second feeding connection point, and a first arc-shaped balun line that is sequentially electrically connected to the first feeding end, the first feeding connection point, and the second feeding connection point. The first feeding end is used to electrically connect to the radio frequency chip. The first feeding connection point and the second feeding connection point are coplanar. The first feeding connection point and the second feeding connection point are respectively electrically connected to two of the feeding points in a pair of radiating arms. A first metal layer, which serves as a reference ground, is located between the radiating unit and the feeding unit. At least one conductive patch is located between the surface of the second main radiating arm and the first metal layer. The conductive patch is coupled to the second main radiating arm and to the first metal layer.

2. The antenna module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjacent antenna elements are coupled to each other to form a tightly coupled array antenna.

3. The antenna module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pair of radiating arms respectively generate equal-radiation and in-phase currents under the excitation signals transmitted at the first feed connection point and the second feed connection point.

4. The antenna module as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first power supply terminal, the first power supply connection point, and the second power supply connection point are arranged in the same plane.

5. The antenna module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first arc-shaped balun line includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The first transmission line is electrically connected between the first feed connection point and the second feed connection point, and the second transmission line is electrically connected between the first feed end and the first feed connection point. The first transmission line is a 1 / 2 arc line; and / or the second transmission line is a 1 / 4 arc line.

6. The antenna module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The at least one pair of radiating arms includes a pair of first radiating arms arranged along a first direction and a pair of second radiating arms arranged along a second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. The first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction. The first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are respectively electrically connected to two feed points of the pair of first radiating arms. The feed unit also includes a second feed arm, which includes a second feed terminal, a third feed connection point, and a fourth feed connection point that are electrically connected in sequence. The third feed connection point and the fourth feed connection point are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction. The third feed connection point and the fourth feed connection point are respectively electrically connected to two feed points of the pair of second radiating arms.

7. The antenna module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second feed arm further includes a second arc-shaped balun line coplanarly arranged and sequentially electrically connected to the second feed end, the third feed connection point, and the fourth feed connection point. The second arc-shaped balun line includes a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line. The third transmission line is electrically connected between the third feed connection point and the fourth feed connection point, and the fourth transmission line is electrically connected between the second feed end and the third feed connection point. The third transmission line is a 1 / 4 arc line, and / or the fourth transmission line is a 1 / 2 arc line.

8. The antenna module as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The second feed arm is located on a different layer from the first feed arm. The second feed end, the second feed connection point, and the first feed connection point are arranged sequentially in the first direction. The third feed connection point, the fourth feed connection point, and the first feed end are arranged sequentially in the second direction.

9. The antenna module as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Both the first and second arc-shaped balun lines are strip lines; the antenna module also includes a second metal layer and a third metal layer arranged sequentially along the thickness direction with the first metal layer, the first feed arm is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer and is insulated from both the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and the second feed arm is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer and is insulated from both the second metal layer and the third metal layer.

10. The antenna module as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first arc-shaped balun line is a stripline, and the second arc-shaped balun line is a microstrip line; the antenna unit further includes at least one second metal layer, the second metal layer is disposed opposite to the first metal layer, the first feed arm is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer and is insulated from both the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and the second feed arm is disposed on the side of the second metal layer away from the first metal layer and is insulated from the second metal layer.

11. The antenna module as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The number of the second metal layers is two, and the two second metal layers are spaced apart.

12. The antenna module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second feed arm also includes a bent balun line that is sequentially electrically connected to the second feed end, the third feed connection point, and the fourth feed connection point. The surface where the second feed end is located is different from the surface where the third feed connection point and the fourth feed connection point are located.

13. The antenna module as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The first power supply connection point, the second power supply connection point, the third power supply connection point, and the fourth power supply connection point are arranged in the same plane; The bent balun line includes a third transmission line extending along the second direction and a fourth transmission line extending along the thickness direction. The third transmission line is electrically connected to the third feed connection point and the fourth feed connection point. The fourth transmission line is electrically connected to the third feed connection point and the second feed end. The third transmission line is coplanar with the first curved balun line. The fourth transmission line intersects with the plane containing the third transmission line and the first curved balun line.

14. The antenna module as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The bent balun line includes at least one of microstrip line or stripline line; the antenna element further includes a second metal layer, which is disposed opposite to the first metal layer, and the first feed arm and part of the second feed arm are disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and are insulated from both the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

15. The antenna module as described in any one of claims 6-14, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a first feed post, a second feed post, a third feed post, and a fourth feed post. The two ends of the first feed post are electrically connected to the first feed connection point and one of the feed points in the first radiating arm, respectively. The two ends of the second feed post are electrically connected to the second feed connection point and the other feed point in the first radiating arm, respectively. The two ends of the third feed post are electrically connected to the third feed connection point and one of the feed points in the second radiating arm, respectively. The two ends of the fourth feed post are electrically connected to the fourth feed connection point and the other feed point in the second radiating arm, respectively.

16. The antenna module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive patch consists of two layers. One layer of the conductive patch is capacitively coupled to the main radiating arm, and the other layer of the conductive patch is electrically connected to the first metal layer through a first conductive via.

17. The antenna module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The edge of the first main radiating arm is provided with a groove.

18. The antenna module as described in any one of claims 6-14, characterized in that, The first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are located on the same layer or on different layers.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna module as described in any one of claims 1-18.

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