A green and efficient EDM machine tool structure viewed from above

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of special processing, and specifically, it relates to an upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining machine tool structure. An upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining machine tool structure, a set of tool motion units is centrally arranged on the base, a set of composite tool units is installed on the top of the set of tool motion units through an L-shaped connector, the frame and the base are fixed together, and a set of workpiece units is arranged on the top of the frame, so that an upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining machine tool structure with the workpiece on top and the tool on the bottom is realized, which can meet the use requirements of the upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining method. Compared with the traditional machine tool structure, the upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining machine tool structure eliminates the Z-axis column, and the layout and acceptance are more reasonable, which greatly reduces the weight and manufacturing cost of the whole machine. The upward-looking green and efficient electrospark machining machine tool structure can provide better chip removal conditions for discharge machining, can effectively improve machining efficiency and precision, and has a particularly significant advantage in machining ultra-deep hole groove structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of special processing, and in particular, relates to a bottom-up green and efficient electric spark machining machine tool structure. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of materials science, more and more new materials with excellent process performance have emerged and are widely used. Taking the aerospace field as an example, the working environment of its parts is changeable and relatively harsh, which puts higher requirements on the safety and reliability of parts. New materials represented by high-temperature alloys and titanium alloys have comprehensive properties such as high strength, high hardness, good fatigue performance, and excellent fracture toughness. They are widely used in the production of key parts such as aerospace engine turbine disks. At present, the mainstream processing methods are mainly divided into two types: mechanical processing and electrical discharge processing.

[0003] Mechanical processing mainly uses materials that are harder than the workpiece material to make cutting tools, such as diamond cutting tools, etc., and relies on mechanical cutting force to complete the process of removing excess material. It mainly includes turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, boring, milling and other processing methods. The biggest advantage of mechanical processing is that the processing surface quality is relatively good, but it has problems such as poor working environment, many and complex processes, and high technical quality requirements for workers. For example, when using high-performance materials such as high-temperature alloys to process turbine disks, the material removal rate is extremely high, and cutting tools made of expensive materials such as diamond are required. During the mechanical processing process, the tool wear is serious and the processing efficiency is also low, which greatly increases the manufacturing cost of the turbine disk and prolongs the production cycle.

[0004] Unlike traditional machining that relies on mechanical cutting force to remove materials, EDM technology uses tool electrodes such as graphite and brass to break through the working medium in the machining gap through electric sparks or arc discharges, forming a plasma channel and then thermally removing the workpiece material. During the EDM process, there is a machining gap between the tool electrode and the workpiece. The non-contact material removal method can ensure that the workpiece material is not affected by the strength and hardness of the workpiece material during machining, and has certain advantages when machining parts with complex structures. Common tool materials for EDM are graphite, brass, etc., which are relatively cheap. Looking down, the green and efficient EDM can achieve a machining efficiency of dozens or even hundreds of times that of mechanical machining during rough machining, which can greatly improve machining efficiency and save production time.

[0005] The discharge machining technology has the defect of poor machining quality. At present, almost all EDM machines adopt a top-down structure with the workpiece at the bottom and the electrode at the top. This top-down machine tool structure is not conducive to the renewal of the working fluid in the machining gap, and the EDM etching products cannot be discharged in time, which leads to a decrease in the dielectric constant of the working medium in the discharge gap, causing the discharge conditions to deteriorate, and short-circuit burns are prone to occur, which ultimately leads to the problem of poor machining surface quality. When manufacturing blades for aerospace turbine disks by EDM, a large number of ultra-deep hole groove structures need to be processed. However, the electrode loss of existing top-down EDM machines is particularly serious when processing ultra-deep hole groove structures, and the hole groove cross-section shows a significant phenomenon of being wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The closer to the bottom of the hole groove, the smaller the machining gap, which is not conducive to the discharge of machining debris. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a green and efficient electric spark machining machine tool structure for upward viewing.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure, a set of tool motion units is centrally arranged on the base, a set of composite tool units is installed on the top of the set of tool motion units through an L-shaped connector, the frame and the base are fixed together, and a set of workpiece units is arranged on the top of the frame, realizing an upward-looking processing structure with the workpiece on top and the tool on the bottom.

[0008] A composite tool unit, the composite tool unit includes a high-speed rotary mechanism, a special power isolation module, a composite tool chuck, an external flush working fluid mechanism and an L-shaped adapter; the high-speed rotary mechanism and the external flush working fluid mechanism are installed on the top surface of the L-shaped adapter; a pneumatic reciprocating valve is installed on the front of the L-shaped adapter; the high-speed rotary mechanism includes a swinging rotary cylinder and an adapter flange, the flange end of the adapter flange is fixed to the swinging rotary cylinder by screws, and the threaded end is connected to the special power isolation module and the inner flush flange of the composite tool chuck by threads in turn; the composite tool chuck is assembled in sequence by an inner flush flange, a sealing gasket, a collet flange, a dynamic balancing nut and a water-stop collet.

[0009] The workpiece unit includes a workpiece fixture, a workbench with an insulating interlayer, a bidirectional lifting mechanism, an A-axis and an A-axis adapter plate; the A-axis is connected to the A-axis adapter plate and then installed on the top of the frame; the bidirectional lifting mechanism includes a pair of identical lifting structures; the lifting structure includes a U-shaped adapter, a diamond-shaped bearing seat assembly, a shaft, a pull rod and a T-shaped bearing seat assembly; the U-shaped adapter is connected to the slide table of the A-axis; the T-shaped bearing seat assembly is connected to the workbench; the workbench has an insulating interlayer in the middle and a workpiece fixture is installed at the lower end.

[0010] The tool motion unit includes an X-axis, a pair of Y-axes, a Z-axis, an X-axis adapter plate, a pair of Y-axis adapter frames and a Z-axis adapter frame; the Y-axis adapter frame is longitudinally symmetrically installed on both sides of the base; the Y-axis is installed on the top surface of the Y-axis adapter frame; the X-axis is fixed to the X-axis adapter plate and vertically installed on a pair of parallel Y-axis slides; the Z-axis adapter frame connects the X-axis and Z-axis slides; the Z-axis is vertically installed on the X-axis.

[0011] The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool mechanical structure according to the embodiment of the present invention also has the following additional technical features:

[0012] The tool motion unit is provided with a pair of Y axes in parallel, and the X axis is vertically installed on the slide table of the double Y axes through the X axis adapter plate; the machine tool structure is more reasonable and the force is more evenly distributed.

[0013] The Z-axis of the tool motion unit is connected to the X-axis slide by a transfer structure, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis and the base, so as to realize the vertical movement of the composite tool unit. The function of the Z-axis can be realized by eliminating the Z-axis column, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the machine tool, reduces the weight of the whole machine, and improves the flexibility of the machine tool.

[0014] The composite tool unit is installed on the upper end cover of the Z-axis through an L-shaped adapter, and the external punch mechanism is installed on the cylinder body of the rotary mechanism.

[0015] The composite tool unit drives the inner punch structure and the graphite electrode tool to rotate back and forth by controlling the turntable of the swinging rotating cylinder through the pneumatic reciprocating valve. No motor drive is required, the size of the tool unit in the Z direction is reduced, and the processing range of the machine tool is increased.

[0016] The composite chuck performs electrical discharge machining through tools such as graphite electrodes, and the insulating interlayer of the workbench and the insulating module of the composite tool unit ensure that other machine tool parts and operators except the workpiece are not harmed by the special machining power supply during the electrical discharge machining process.

[0017] The A-axis of the workpiece unit uses a positive and negative threaded screw, and the motor drives the two slides and the U-shaped adapter installed on them to move in opposite directions, and then drives the worktable up and down through the pull rod. When the worktable is raised to a certain height, it will form a triangular structure with the pull rod and the A-axis, which can ensure the stability of the workpiece during processing.

[0018] The frame is fixed to the base, and the A-axis is installed on the top of the frame. During the electrical discharge machining process, the workpiece is always located above the tool, thereby realizing upward-looking machining.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that compared with the traditional machine tool structure, the upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to the embodiment of the present invention eliminates the Z-axis column, and the layout and acceptance are more reasonable, which greatly reduces the weight of the whole machine and the manufacturing cost. The upward-looking processing structure with the workpiece at the top and the electrode at the bottom can provide better discharge and chip removal conditions for discharge machining, which can effectively improve the machining efficiency and precision, and the processing advantages for ultra-deep hole groove structures are particularly significant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a green and efficient EDM machine tool when viewed from above;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite tool unit of the green and efficient EDM machine tool when looking up;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the workpiece unit of the green and efficient EDM machine tool when looking up;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool motion unit of the green and efficient EDM machine tool when viewed from above.

[0024] In the figure, 1. base, 2. frame, 3. Y-axis adapter frame, 4. Y-axis, 5. X-axis adapter plate, 6. X-axis, 7. Z-axis adapter frame, 8. Z-axis, 9. L-shaped adapter, 10. pneumatic reciprocating valve, 11. swing-rotating cylinder, 12. adapter flange, 13. special power isolation module, 14. inner punch flange, 15. sealing gasket, 16. collet flange, 17. dynamic balancing nut, 18. water-stop collet, 19. graphite electrode, 20. outer punch structure, 21. A-axis, 22. A-axis adapter plate, 23. U-shaped adapter, 24. diamond bearing seat assembly, 25. shaft, 26. pull rod, 27. T-shaped bearing seat assembly, 28. workbench with insulating interlayer, 29. workpiece fixture, 30. workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments provided herein are only used to explain the present invention but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 The overall structure of the upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool described in the present invention is that a set of tool motion units is centrally arranged on the base 1, a set of composite tool units is installed on the top of the set of tool motion units through an L-shaped connector, the frame 2 is fixed together with the base 1, and a set of workpiece units is arranged on the top of the frame 2, realizing an upward-looking processing structure with the workpiece on top and the tool on the bottom.

[0027] Reference Figure 2The composite tool unit of the upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool of the present invention comprises a high-speed rotary mechanism, a special power isolation module, a composite tool chuck, an external working fluid mechanism 20 and an L-shaped adapter 9; the high-speed rotary mechanism and the external working fluid mechanism 20 are installed on the top surface of the L-shaped adapter 9; a pneumatic reciprocating valve 10 is installed on the front of the L-shaped adapter 9; the high-speed rotary mechanism comprises a swing-rotating cylinder 11 and an adapter flange 12, the flange end of the adapter flange 12 is fixed to the swing-rotating cylinder 11 by screws, and the threaded end is fixed to the special electric The source isolation module 13 and the inner punch flange 14 of the composite tool chuck are connected by threads; the composite tool chuck is assembled in sequence by the inner punch flange 14, the sealing gasket 15, the collet flange 16, the dynamic balancing nut 17 and the water-stop collet 18; the inner punch flange 14 and the collet flange 16 are connected by bolts, and are sealed by the sealing gasket 15 arranged therebetween, the graphite electrode 19 is inserted into the inner hole of the water-stop collet 18 and fixed, and the water-stop collet 18 and the graphite electrode 19 are clamped by tightening the dynamic balancing nut 17 and threading the collet flange 16.

[0028] Reference Figure 3 The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool workpiece unit of the present invention includes a workpiece 30, a workpiece fixture 29, a workbench 28 with an insulating interlayer, a bidirectional lifting mechanism, an A-axis 21 and an A-axis adapter plate 22, wherein the A-axis 21 and the A-axis adapter plate 22 are connected and installed on the top of the frame 2 through an angle code, and the A-axis 21 and the A-axis adapter plate 22 are fixed by screws, and the bidirectional lifting mechanism includes a pair of identical lifting structures, and the lifting structure includes a U-shaped adapter 23, a diamond-shaped bearing seat assembly 24, a shaft 25, a pull rod 26 and a T-shaped bearing seat assembly 27, the U-shaped adapter 23 and the slide table of the A-axis 21 are fixed by screws, a pull rod 26 is installed in the middle of the shaft 25 through a bearing, and diamond bearing seat assemblies 24 are sleeved at both ends. The diamond bearing seat assembly is installed on the inner side of the U-shaped adapter 23 by screws, and the other end of the pull rod 26 is connected to the T-shaped bearing seat assembly 27 through a bearing and a pin. The T-shaped bearing seat assembly 27 is fixed to the workbench 28 by screws. The workbench has an insulating interlayer in the middle and a workpiece clamp 29 is installed at the lower end through a T-head bolt. The workpiece clamp 29 fixes the workpiece 30 by clamping force.

[0029] Reference Figure 4The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool motion unit of the present invention comprises an X-axis 6, a pair of Y-axes 4, a Z-axis 8, an X-axis adapter plate 5, a pair of Y-axis adapter frames 3 and a Z-axis adapter frame 7. The Y-axis adapter frame 3 is longitudinally symmetrically installed on both sides of the base 1 through angle code connection, the Y-axis 4 is installed on the top surface of the Y-axis adapter frame 3 through screws, the X-axis adapter plate 5 is fixed to the slide of the pair of Y-axes 4 through screws, the X-axis 6 is connected to the X-axis adapter plate 5 through screws, the X-axis is perpendicular to the pair of Y-axes 4 arranged in parallel, the Z-axis adapter frame 7 fixes the slides of the X-axis 6 and the Z-axis 8 through screws, and the Z-axis 8 is vertically installed on the X-axis 6.

Claims

1. A green and efficient electric discharge machining machine tool structure viewed from above, characterized in that: include: A composite tool unit, the composite tool unit includes a high-speed rotary mechanism, a special power isolation module, a composite tool chuck, an external working fluid mechanism and an L-shaped adapter; the high-speed rotary mechanism and the external working fluid mechanism are installed on the top surface of the L-shaped adapter 9; a pneumatic reciprocating valve is installed on the front of the L-shaped adapter; the high-speed rotary mechanism includes a swinging rotary cylinder and an adapter flange, the flange end of the adapter flange is fixed to the swinging rotary cylinder by screws, and the threaded end is connected to the special power isolation module and the internal flange of the composite tool chuck by threads in turn; the composite tool chuck is assembled in turn by an internal flange, a sealing gasket, a collet flange, a dynamic balancing nut and a water-stop collet; A workpiece unit, the workpiece unit includes a workpiece fixture, a workbench with an insulating interlayer, a bidirectional lifting mechanism, an A-axis and an A-axis adapter plate; the A-axis is connected to the A-axis adapter plate and then installed on the top of the frame; the bidirectional lifting mechanism includes a pair of identical lifting structures; the lifting structure includes a U-shaped adapter, a diamond-shaped bearing seat assembly, a shaft rod, a pull rod and a T-shaped bearing seat assembly; the U-shaped adapter is connected to the slide table of the A-axis; the T-shaped bearing seat assembly is connected to the workbench; the workbench has an insulating interlayer in the middle and a workpiece fixture is installed at the lower end; A tool motion unit, the tool motion unit comprising an X-axis, a pair of Y-axes, a Z-axis, an X-axis adapter plate, a pair of Y-axis adapter frames and a Z-axis adapter frame; the Y-axis adapter frames are longitudinally symmetrically installed on both sides of the base; the Y-axis is installed on the top surface of the Y-axis adapter frame; The X-axis and the X-axis adapter plate are fixedly mounted vertically on a pair of Y-axis slides arranged in parallel; the Z-axis adapter frame connects the X-axis and Z-axis slides; the Z-axis is vertically mounted on the X-axis; Base and rack.

2. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pair of Y axes are installed in parallel, and the X axis is installed vertically on the slide table of the pair of Y axes through an X axis adapter plate.

3. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slide table of the Z axis is fixed to the slide table of the X axis through the transfer structure, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the X axis and the base, so that the vertical movement of the compound tool unit is realized.

4. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite tool unit is installed on the upper end cover of the Z-axis through an L-shaped adapter, and the external flushing working fluid mechanism is installed on the cylinder body of the high-speed rotary mechanism.

5. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The turntable of the swing-rotating cylinder is controlled by a pneumatic reciprocating valve to drive the composite tool chuck to rotate back and forth.

6. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite tool chuck performs electrical discharge machining through the graphite tool electrode. The insulating interlayer of the workbench and the insulating module of the composite tool unit ensure that other machine tool parts and operators except the workpiece are not harmed by the special machining power supply during the electrical discharge machining process.

7. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The A-axis uses positive and negative threaded screws to drive the two slides and the U-shaped adapters installed on them to move in opposite directions, and then drives the workbench to move up and down through the pull rod.

8. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the EDM process, the workpiece is always located above the graphite tool electrode, achieving upward-looking machining.

9. The upward-looking green and efficient EDM machine tool structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is fixed to the base, and the A-axis is installed on the top of the frame.

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