Axle top clamping tool without center hole and top clamping method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft system processing, and in particular to a top clamping tool for a shaft without a center hole and a top clamping method. The method adopts a top clamping tool for installation, and the top clamping tool comprises: a plug-in part and a top connection part; a card slot is provided on one end of the plug-in part; the top connection part is provided on the other end of the plug-in part, and a center hole is provided on the end of the top connection part away from the plug-in part; wherein, the plug-in part is also provided with a plurality of first bolt holes on the end where the top connection part is provided, and the first bolt holes are axially connected to the card slot; a plurality of circumferentially distributed second bolt holes are provided on the outer diameter of the plug-in part, and the second bolt holes are radially connected to the card slot. By plugging the top clamping tool onto the end of the shaft without a center hole, the top clamping tool wraps the end of the shaft without a center hole, and the bolts are fixed in the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole, so as to fix the top clamping tool; and the center hole on the top clamping tool can cooperate with the center on the lathe, and the top clamping tool replaces the shaft to perform the plug-in work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft system device processing, and in particular to a shaft body clamping tooling without a center hole and a clamping method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At the present stage, the processing of shaft parts generally adopts a form of one clamping and one supporting, mainly clamping one end of the shaft body by a chuck, and the other end is supported by a center point against the center hole of the end. Among them, the processing of the center hole is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has a high processing cost, and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the center hole processing, often resulting in processing errors and making the parts unable to meet the use requirements. At the same time, the center hole will damage the end face of the shaft part. For some special shaft parts, the end face plays a very important role. In order to protect the shaft body, the center hole can also not be set before processing the shaft part. However, when the center hole of the shaft body is not designed or the accuracy of the center hole is insufficient due to damage, the shaft part cannot be processed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft body clamping tooling without a center hole and a clamping method thereof. Through the clamping tooling and the clamping method, the shaft parts can be processed even when the center hole is not set on the shaft body or the accuracy of the center hole of the shaft body is insufficient.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A shaft body clamping method without a center hole, which is installed by using a clamping tooling. The clamping tooling includes:

[0006] A plugging part, with a clamping groove provided at one end of the plugging part;

[0007] A butting part, provided at the other end of the plugging part; a center hole is provided at the end of the butting part away from the plugging part;

[0008] Wherein, a plurality of first bolt holes are further provided at the end of the plugging part where the butting part is provided, and the first bolt holes axially communicate with the clamping groove;

[0009] A plurality of circumferentially distributed second bolt holes are provided on the outer diameter of the plugging part, and the second bolt holes radially communicate with the clamping groove; the method includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. A shaft body without a center hole and a lathe three-jaw chuck are sequentially arranged at one end of the tooling. Both ends of the shaft body are respectively provided with shaft ends, and a plurality of axially arranged third bolt holes are provided on the shaft ends; among them, the third bolt holes correspond to the first bolt holes;

[0011] S2. A lathe center point is arranged at the other end of the tooling;

[0012] S3. Set a circle of thin sheets in the card slot of the tooling, and the thin sheets are attached around the second bolt hole on the inner wall of the card slot;

[0013] S4. Slip the card slot of the tooling onto the shaft end without a central hole, making the outer diameter surface of the shaft end abut against the thin sheet, and making the end of the shaft end abut against the inner bottom surface of the card slot;

[0014] S5. Rotate the tooling to align the third bolt hole with the first bolt hole, then use a bolt to pass through the first bolt hole and the third bolt hole and lock it to prevent the tooling from loosening and falling off during the handling of the shaft body;

[0015] S6. Then wrap a circle of thin sheets around the outer diameter of the shaft end on the other side of the shaft body, and use the three-jaw chuck of the lathe to clamp the shaft end wrapped with the thin sheet;

[0016] S7. Push the lathe center into the central hole of the tooling abutting part;

[0017] S8. Immediately install a bolt in the second bolt hole;

[0018] S9. Use a dial indicator to check the radial runout of the shaft body after being clamped by the three-jaw chuck of the lathe and held by the center;

[0019] S10. When the radial runout of a certain part of the shaft body is relatively large, first slightly loosen the bolt in the first bolt hole, and then according to the specific position of the radial runout, tighten the bolt in the corresponding second bolt hole;

[0020] S11. After adjusting the runout, re-lock the bolt in the first bolt hole.

[0021] Preferably, the diameter length of the shaft end in step S1 is less than the diameter length of the shaft body.

[0022] Preferably, there are 6 - 12 second bolt holes, and the insertion part is evenly divided according to the set second bolt holes.

[0023] Preferably, the central hole includes a first tapered hole and a second tapered hole. The first tapered hole is arranged at one end of the abutting part away from the insertion part, the second tapered hole is arranged at the tip of the first tapered hole, and the tip of the second tapered hole axially extends towards the inside of the abutting part; According to step S7, the center first passes through the first tip, then through the second tip, and makes the tapered surface of the center fit against the inner wall of the second tip.

[0024] Preferably, the taper of the first tapered hole is 120°, and the taper of the second tapered hole is 60°.

[0025] Preferably, the central hole further includes a third tapered hole, which is arranged at the tip of the second tapered hole; when the tapered surface of the center tip in step S7 fits against the inner wall of the second tip, the tip of the center tip falls within the third tapered hole.

[0026] Preferably, the slot has a rounded corner for transition at its notch.

[0027] Preferably, in steps S3 and S6, the length of the thin sheet is less than the inner diameter circumference of the slot, and the length of the thin sheet is also less than the outer diameter circumference of the shaft end.

[0028] Preferably, the material of the thin sheet in steps S3 and S6 is copper.

[0029] In summary, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. By inserting the top clamping tooling into the end of the shaft body without a central hole, the top clamping tooling wraps the end of the shaft body without a central hole, and the bolts are fixed in the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole, thereby fixing the top clamping tooling on the shaft body; the central hole on the top clamping tooling can cooperate with the center tip on the lathe, and the top clamping tooling replaces the shaft body for the insertion work.

[0031] 2. The bolt in the first bolt hole positions the shaft body axially, while the bolt in the second bolt hole positions the shaft body radially; when the shaft body and the top clamping tooling are clamped and abutted on the lathe, it is necessary to check the radial runout of the shaft body. When the radial runout is too large, by adjusting the bolt in the second bolt hole, the radial runout of the shaft body is controlled within the specified range to ensure that the top clamping tooling can be stably fixed on the shaft body and replace the shaft body for the top clamping work.

[0032] 3. At least 6 circumferentially distributed second bolt holes are provided on the insertion part, and the more second bolt holes are provided on the circumference, the better the radial runout of the shaft body can be adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a top clamping tooling for a shaft body without a central hole and the shaft body;

[0034] Figure 2 is a right view of the tooling and the shaft body;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the tooling;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the thin sheet;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the tooling and the shaft body;

[0038] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the tooling;

[0039] Figure 7 is the sectional view of the thin sheet attached to the card slot;

[0040] Reference numerals: 1, top clamping tooling; 2, shaft body; 3, thin sheet; 11, insertion part; 12, top connection part; 13, card slot; 14, central hole; 15, first bolt hole; 16, second bolt hole; 21, shaft end; 22, third bolt hole; 131, fillet; 141, first tapered hole; 142, second tapered hole; 143, third tapered hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0042] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0043] At the same time, it should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0044] Next, a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, the top clamping tooling 1 includes an insertion part 11 and a top connection part 12. The insertion part 11 is a snap ring, and the top connection part 12 is a convex block integrally provided at one end of the snap ring. A card slot 13 for inserting the shaft body 2 is provided at the other end of the snap ring. The overall shape of the top clamping tooling 1 is a stepped "convex" character structure. A first bolt hole 15 axially communicating with the card slot 13 and a second bolt hole 16 radially communicating with the card slot 13 are provided at other places of the insertion part 11 except the top connection part 12. A fillet 131 for transition is provided at the notch of the card slot 13 to facilitate the subsequent insertion of the shaft body 2.

[0046] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the first bolt holes 15 are circumferentially distributed around the center point on the end of the insertion part 11 and are located on the periphery of the abutting part 12. There are six of them in total. By arranging these first bolt holes 15, the shaft body 2 can be better connected later, preventing the shaft body 2 from loosening and falling off during the handling process of the tooling.

[0047] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the second bolt holes 16 are circumferentially arranged around the insertion part 11. There are 12 second bolt holes 16 in total, and the insertion part 11 is evenly divided into 12 parts according to these 12 second bolt holes 16. The more second bolt holes 16 are arranged, the more precisely the radial runout of the shaft body 2 can be adjusted when the top clamping tooling 1 connects to the shaft body 2.

[0048] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, a center hole 14 for inserting a center point is provided in the middle of the end of the abutting part 12 far from the insertion part 11, and the center hole 14 includes a first tapered hole 141, a second tapered hole 142, and a third tapered hole 143. The first tapered hole 141, the second tapered hole 142, and the third tapered hole 143 are interconnected and axially extend into the interior of the abutting part 12 in sequence. Among them, the first tapered hole 141 is provided at the end of the abutting part 12 far from the insertion part 11, the second tapered hole 142 is provided at the tip of the first tapered hole 141, and the third tapered hole 143 is provided at the tip of the second tapered hole 142. It can be seen from the figure that the cross-sectional shapes of the first tapered hole 141 and the second tapered hole 142 are both isosceles trapezoids; the taper of the first tapered hole 141 is 120°, which is used to protect the second tapered hole 142 and prevent the second tapered hole 142 from being damaged and deformed due to knocking when the center point is inserted; the taper of the second tapered hole 142 is the same as that of the center point, both being 60°, and the space area occupied by the second tapered hole 142 is the largest, which is used to ensure good contact and cooperation with the center point when the tooling is top-clamping. Among them, the third tapered hole 143 is also provided to prevent the sharp corner of the center point from damaging the second tapered hole 142.

[0049] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, shaft ends 21 of an integral structure are provided in the middle of both ends of the shaft body 2. The diameter length of the shaft ends 21 is smaller than the diameter length of the shaft body 2. The provision of the shaft ends 21 facilitates the insertion of the top clamping tooling 1.

[0050] Before the top clamping tooling 1 is inserted into the shaft end 21 without a central hole 14 or with a damaged central hole 14, a thin sheet 3 is arranged in the clamping groove 13, and the thin sheet 3 fits around the second bolt hole 16 on the inner wall of the clamping groove 13. Among them, the material of the thin sheet 3 is copper or a rubber material that is generally soft; and the overall length of the thin sheet 3 is slightly less than the inner diameter circumference of the clamping groove 13, so that the thin sheet 3 cannot completely cover the inner annular wall of the clamping groove 13. At this time, there will be a distance L1 at both ends of the thin sheet 3, and the interval distance of L1 is less than the distance L2 between the two second bolt holes 16, and when the thin sheet 3 fits on the inner wall of the clamping groove 13, all the second bolt holes 16 communicating with the clamping groove 13 are wrapped. If the two ends of the thin sheet 3 contact each other during fitting, the thin sheet 3 will overlap at this time, preventing the tooling from being inserted onto the shaft end 21 and making its overall structure unstable.

[0051] After installing the thin sheet 3, the clamping groove 13 of the tooling is sleeved on the shaft end 21 at the position without the central hole 14, so that the outer diameter surface of the shaft end 21 abuts against the thin sheet 3, and the end of the shaft end 21 abuts against the inner bottom surface of the clamping groove 13. Then rotate the tooling to align the third bolt hole 22 with the first bolt hole 15, and then use a bolt to pass through the first bolt hole 15 and the third bolt hole 22 and lock it. Then wrap a thin sheet 3 around the outer diameter of the shaft end 21 on the other side of the shaft body 2, and use the three-jaw chuck of the lathe to clamp the shaft end 21 wrapped with the thin sheet 3; by arranging the thin sheet 3 on the shaft end 21 here, the stress area of this shaft end 21 can be increased, making it not easy to deform when clamped by the three-jaw chuck of the lathe; the overall length of the thin sheet 3 here is less than the outer diameter circumference of the shaft end 21. After that, the lathe center is pushed into the central hole 14 of the top connection part 12 of the tooling, and bolts are installed in the second bolt holes 16; at this time, the thin sheet 3 arranged in the clamping groove 13 plays a role in increasing the stress area of the shaft end 21 inserted into the clamping groove 13, making it not easy to be deformed by the pressure when the bolts in the second bolt holes 16 are tightened.

[0052] At this time, the top clamping work is basically completed, but it is still necessary to check the radial runout of the shaft body 2. Check the radial runout of the shaft body 2 after being clamped by the three-jaw chuck of the lathe and clamped by the center using a dial indicator. When the radial runout of a certain part of the shaft body 2 is too large, first slightly loosen the bolt in the first bolt hole 15, and then according to the specific position of the radial runout, tighten the bolt in the corresponding second bolt hole 16, and the bolt here is the bolt in the second bolt hole 16 with the shortest straight-line distance from the detection point. When the radial runout of the shaft body 2 is within the design range, re-lock the bolt in the first bolt hole 15, and at this time, the lathe can be controlled to process the shaft body 2.

[0053] The top clamping method is as follows:

[0054] S1. Sequentially arrange a shaft body 2 without a central hole 14 and a lathe three-jaw chuck at one end of the tooling. Both ends of the shaft body 2 are respectively provided with shaft ends 21 whose diameter lengths are smaller than that of the shaft body 2, and a number of axially arranged third bolt holes 22 are provided on the shaft ends 21. Among them, the third bolt holes 22 correspond to the first bolt holes 15.

[0055] S2. Set a lathe center at the other end of the tooling.

[0056] S3. Arrange a circle of copper sheets 3 in the card slot 13 of the tooling, and the copper sheets 3 are attached around the second bolt holes 16 on the inner wall of the card slot 13. Among them, the length of the copper sheets 3 is smaller than the inner diameter circumference of the card slot 13.

[0057] S4. Slip the card slot 13 of the tooling onto the shaft end 21 at the non-central hole 14, making the outer diameter surface of the shaft end 21 abut against the copper sheets 3, and making the end of the shaft end 21 abut against the inner bottom surface of the card slot 13.

[0058] S5. Rotate the tooling to align the third bolt holes 22 with the first bolt holes 15, then use bolts to pass through the first bolt holes 15 and the third bolt holes 22 and lock them to prevent the shaft body 2 from loosening and falling off during handling.

[0059] S6. Then wrap a circle of copper sheets 3 around the outer diameter of the shaft end 21 on the other side of the shaft body 2, and use the lathe three-jaw chuck to clamp the shaft end 21 wrapped with the copper sheets 3. Among them, the length of the copper sheets 3 is also smaller than the outer diameter circumference of the shaft end 21.

[0060] S7. First pass the lathe center through the first taper tip, then through the second taper tip, and make the conical surface of the center fit against the inner wall of the second taper tip, while the taper tip of the center falls within the third taper hole 143.

[0061] S8. Immediately install bolts in the second bolt holes 16.

[0062] S9. Use a dial indicator to check the radial runout of the shaft body 2 after being clamped by the lathe three-jaw chuck and the center.

[0063] S10. When the radial runout of a certain part of the shaft body 2 is relatively large, first slightly loosen the bolts in the first bolt holes 15, and then tighten the bolts in the corresponding second bolt holes 16 according to the specific position of the radial runout.

[0064] S11. After adjusting the runout, re-lock the bolts in the first bolt holes 15.

[0065] The foregoing is a description of embodiments of the present invention. Through the above description of the disclosed embodiments, those skilled in the art can implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for clamping a shaft without a center hole, characterized in that: The method uses a top clamping tool (1) for installation, and the top clamping tool (1) comprises: An inserting portion (11), wherein a card slot (13) is provided on one end of the inserting portion (11); A top connection portion (12) is provided on the other end of the plug-in portion (11); the top connection portion (12) is provided with a center hole (14) on the end away from the plug-in portion (11); The plug-in portion (11) is further provided with a plurality of first bolt holes (15) on one end where the top connection portion (12) is provided, and the first bolt holes (15) are axially connected to the clamping groove (13); A plurality of circumferentially distributed second bolt holes (16) are provided on the outer diameter of the plug-in portion (11), and the second bolt holes (16) are radially connected to the clamping groove (13). The method comprises the following steps: S1. A shaft body (2) without a center hole (14) and three jaws of a lathe are sequentially arranged at one end of the tooling, and shaft ends (21) are respectively arranged at both ends of the shaft body (2), and a plurality of third bolt holes (22) arranged axially are arranged on the shaft ends (21); wherein the third bolt holes (22) correspond to the first bolt holes (15); S2. Set the lathe center at the other end of the tooling; S3, a circle of thin sheets (3) is arranged in the slot (13) of the tool, and the thin sheets (3) are fitted around the second bolt holes (16) on the inner wall of the slot (13); S4, inserting the fixture's slot (13) into the shaft end (21) at the location without the center hole (14), so that the outer diameter surface of the shaft end (21) abuts against the sheet (3), and the end of the shaft end (21) abuts against the inner bottom surface of the slot (13); S5, rotating the tooling to align the third bolt hole (22) with the first bolt hole (15), then passing the bolts through the first bolt hole (15) and the third bolt hole (22), and locking them to prevent the tooling from loosening and falling off during the handling of the shaft body (2); S6, then wrap a circle of thin sheet (3) on the outer diameter of the shaft end (21) on the other side of the shaft body (2), and use the three jaws of the lathe to clamp the shaft end (21) wrapped with the thin sheet (3); S7, pushing the lathe top into the center hole (14) of the tooling top connection part (12); S8, then installing a bolt in the second bolt hole (16); S9. Use a dial indicator to check the radial runout of the shaft (2) after it is clamped by three jaws of the lathe and chucked with the center; S10, when the radial runout of a certain part of the shaft body (2) is too large, first slightly loosen the bolt in the first bolt hole (15), and then tighten the bolt in the corresponding second bolt hole (16) according to the specific position of the radial runout; S11, after adjusting the runout, re-tighten the bolt in the first bolt hole (15).

2. A method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the diameter length of the shaft end (21) is smaller than the diameter length of the shaft body (2).

3. The method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the second bolt holes (16) is 6 to 12, and the plug-in portion (11) is evenly divided according to the number of the second bolt holes (16).

4. The method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center hole (14) comprises a first tapered hole (141) and a second tapered hole (142), wherein the first tapered hole (141) is arranged at one end of the top connection portion (12) away from the plug-in portion (11), and the second tapered hole (142) is arranged at the tapered tip of the first tapered hole (141), and the tapered tip of the second tapered hole (142) extends axially toward the interior of the top connection portion (12); according to step S7, the tip first passes through the first tapered tip and then passes through the second tapered tip, and the tapered surface of the tip is fitted to the inner wall of the second tapered tip.

5. A method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 4, characterized in that: The taper of the first tapered hole (141) is 120°, and the taper of the second tapered hole (142) is 60°.

6. A method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The center hole (14) further comprises a third tapered hole (143), and the third tapered hole (143) is arranged at the tip of the second tapered hole (142); when the tapered surface of the top tip is attached to the inner wall of the second tapered tip in step S7, the tip of the top tip falls into the third tapered hole (143).

7. The method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot (13) is provided with a rounded corner (131) for transition at its notch.

8. The method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3 and step S6, the length of the thin sheet (3) is smaller than the inner diameter circumference of the slot (13), and the length of the thin sheet (3) is also smaller than the outer diameter circumference of the shaft end (21).

9. A method for clamping a shaft without a center hole according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the thin sheet (3) in step S3 and step S6 is metallic copper.

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