A device and method for automatically extracting large amounts of microplastic fibers from water bodies

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of water, belonging to the field of microplastic extraction technology. The device includes a filter cartridge and an automatic sensing cleaning mechanism arranged on the outside of the filter cartridge. The filter cartridge is provided with a water inlet, a plurality of microporous meshes, and a drain outlet in sequence from top to bottom. The apertures of the plurality of microporous meshes decrease in sequence from top to bottom. The automatic sensing cleaning mechanism includes a rotating main rod, a connecting rope, and a scraping layer. The rotating main rod is connected to a wire roller via a connecting rope. The rotating main rod rotates and drives the wire roller to move via the connecting rope. A two-way opening and closing door is provided between the filter cartridge and the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism. The present invention can sense, automatically clean blockages, and separate microplastic fibers from a large amount of water in real time. At the same time, it can also partition a large amount of microplastic fibers by size to obtain their size distribution pattern. Moreover, each layer of screening can be adjusted according to actual conditions, making it more suitable for separating microplastic fibers from a large amount of water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and method for automatically extracting a large amount of microplastic fibers from water bodies, belonging to the technical field of microplastic extraction. Background Art

[0002] After experiencing wear and degradation in the environment, plastic products are further broken down into microplastics with a particle size of less than 5mm. Microplastics may pose risks to the ecological environment and human health, and are a highly concerning emerging pollutant. Fibrous microplastics, known as microplastic fibers, are a significant component of microplastic pollution in water bodies. In recent years, research on microplastic fibers has primarily focused on their occurrence, while studies on their isolation have been relatively scarce.

[0003] Currently, the separation of microplastic fibers in water bodies mainly relies on screening filtration, density separation, and digestion technologies. Screening filtration is the main method used for laboratory water bodies. However, ordinary screening filtration is only suitable for experimental water bodies with simple components and a small total amount. If a large amount of experimental water bodies is to be separated, clogging will often occur, requiring manual treatment of blockages and repeated filtration, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, it is impossible to separate and collect microplastic fibers of different sizes in a large amount of water bodies, and it is impossible to obtain the size distribution pattern of microplastic fibers in various water bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device and method for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from large amounts of water. The device and method can sense, automatically clear blockages, and separate microplastic fibers from large amounts of water in real time. At the same time, the device can also partition a large amount of microplastic fibers by size, and each layer of screening can be adjusted according to actual conditions, making it more suitable for the separation of microplastic fibers from large amounts of water.

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a device for automatically extracting a large amount of microplastic fibers from water bodies, comprising a filter cartridge and an automatic sensing cleaning mechanism arranged on the outside of the filter cartridge, wherein the filter cartridge is provided with a water inlet, a plurality of microporous meshes and a drain outlet in sequence from top to bottom, and the apertures of the plurality of microporous meshes decrease in sequence from top to bottom; the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism comprises a rotating main rod, a connecting rope and a scraping layer, the rotating main rod is connected to a wire roller via a connecting rope, the rotating main rod rotates and drives the wire roller to move via the connecting rope, and a two-way opening and closing door is provided between the filter cartridge and the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism; the wire roller passes through the two-way opening and closing door into the filter cartridge and moves on the microporous mesh to clean the microplastic fibers on the microporous mesh; the wire roller passes through the two-way opening and closing door into the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism and moves on the scraping layer to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the wire roller.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the automatic induction cleaning mechanism includes an inner wall and an outer wall, the inner wall is in contact with the filter cartridge, the rotating main rod is located between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a plurality of collection spaces are formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The upper end of the collection space is an open structure, and a filter membrane is provided at the lower end. The scraping layer is provided on the outer wall on one side of the collection space, and the two-way opening and closing door is provided on the inner wall on the other side of the collection space.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of accommodating cavities are provided between the inner wall and the outer wall, the accommodating cavities are located below the collection space, the filter membrane is located on the upper end surface of the accommodating cavity, an access port is provided on one side of the accommodating cavity, a pipe is provided in the access port, one end of the pipe extends to the bottom of the filter membrane, and the other end of the pipe is connected to an air pump. The air pump performs air extraction, and in the process of the air flow flowing from the upper end opening of the collection space to the filter membrane, the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer are driven to fall and collected on the filter membrane.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, a water outlet pipe is provided in the accommodating cavity, one end of the water outlet pipe is located below the filter membrane, and the other end passes through the outer wall and extends outside the outer wall. The microplastic fibers are intercepted by the filter membrane to the top of the filter membrane, and the wastewater is discharged through the water outlet pipe below the filter membrane.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, a knob is further provided on one side of the accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is detachably connected between the inner wall and the outer wall, and the accommodating cavity is pulled out by turning the knob.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, a hollow partition is provided between the accommodating cavity and the collecting space therebelow. The hollow partition is located between the inner wall and the outer wall, and one side of the hollow partition is an open structure.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the two-way opening and closing door is in the shape of a disc, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the two-way opening and closing door is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire roller, so that the wire roller can pass through the two-way opening and closing door; the automatic induction cleaning mechanism also includes a circuit main switch, the rotating main rod is connected to a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is used to drive the rotating main rod to rotate, the circuit main switch is connected to the driving mechanism, and the circuit main switch is used to control the switch of the driving mechanism.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the microporous mesh is detachably fixed to the inner wall of the filter cartridge by a spring slot, and the plurality of microporous meshes include a first microporous mesh, a second microporous mesh, a third microporous mesh and a fourth microporous mesh. The first microporous mesh, the second microporous mesh, the third microporous mesh and the fourth microporous mesh are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and the apertures of the meshes decrease in sequence from top to bottom; a water pressure detector is provided under each of the microporous meshes.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, a biochar adsorption layer is further provided in the filter cartridge, and the biochar adsorption layer is located between the fourth microporous mesh and the drain outlet. The biochar adsorption layer is fixed to the inner wall of the filter cartridge by a fixing knob, and the fixing knob is provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge.

[0014] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of water, which uses the device for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of water, comprising the following steps:

[0015] 1. Add the collected household laundry wastewater to the water inlet. After entering the water inlet, the wastewater is filtered through several microporous meshes and biochar adsorption layers in sequence. After treatment, the household laundry wastewater with fewer impurities is discharged through the drain outlet.

[0016] 2. Automatic induction cleaning of microplastic fibers; Under normal filtration conditions: when the water pressure detector detects continuous water pressure, the wire roller is in a stationary state in the automatic induction cleaning mechanism; When the filter is blocked or the filtration is completed: when the water pressure detector cannot sense water pressure for 1 minute, the microporous mesh is blocked by a large amount of microplastic fibers in the washing wastewater or the filtration is completed. The wire roller is passed through the two-way opening and closing door into the filter cylinder, the rotating main rod rotates and drives the wire roller to move on the microporous mesh through the connecting rope to automatically clean and collect the microplastic fibers on the microporous mesh. Until the water pressure detector can detect continuous water pressure again, the wire roller is passed through the two-way opening and closing door into the collection space of the automatic induction cleaning mechanism, the rotating main rod rotates and drives the wire roller to move on the scraping layer through the connecting rope to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the wire roller until the filtration of household washing wastewater is completed;

[0017] 3. Characterization of microplastic fibers: After the partitioned extraction and collection is completed, the vacuum pump is controlled to start filtration. As the airflow flows from the upper opening of the collection space to the filter membrane, the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer are driven to fall and collected on the filter membrane. After the completion, the microplastic fibers in each area are concentrated on the surface of the filter membrane. The filter membrane is removed by the knob, and the excess wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe; the removed filter membrane is placed under a stereo microscope for observation at a magnification of 80 times; the filter membrane is placed under a scanning electron microscope for observation of its morphology, with an acceleration voltage of 4kV and a magnification of 500;

[0018] 4. Qualitative analysis of microplastic fibers: Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to analyze microplastic fibers on the filter membrane with a scanning range of 4000-700 cm -1 , the number of scans is 16, and the spectral resolution is 4 cm -1 , collect infrared spectra of samples, retrieve and analyze characteristic spectra to determine the types of microplastics;

[0019] 5. Size statistics of microplastic fibers; the different size areas are numbered as a, b, c, and d, and the corresponding microplastic fiber sizes under initial conditions are 5-1.5mm, 1.5-0.5mm, 0.5-0.1mm, and 0.1-0.05mm respectively; the software Image J is used to perform statistical analysis on the microplastic fibers on the filter membrane in different areas, and the size distribution pattern of microplastic fibers in washing wastewater is obtained.

[0020] Beneficial effects

[0021] (1) The present invention can sense in real time, automatically clear blockages, and separate a large amount of microplastic fibers in water bodies. It can also partition a large amount of microplastic fibers by size, and each layer of screening can be adjusted according to actual conditions. It is more suitable for separating a large amount of microplastic fibers in water bodies. During the filtration process, the microplastic fibers blocked on the microporous net can be automatically cleared and collected, and can be automatically scraped and collected.

[0022] (2) The present invention separates and extracts a large amount of water, effectively solving the blockage problem caused by excessive microplastic fibers in the water. The size distribution can be selected according to actual conditions, and it has the advantages of high extraction rate, strong timeliness, convenient operation and reusability.

[0023] (3) The present invention facilitates experimenters to separate large amounts of water and obtain experimental data on microplastic fibers of different sizes. It has a high extraction rate, is easy to operate, and can be reused.

[0024] (4) The present invention can collect microplastic fibers of different sizes in a large number of water samples by partitioning, and then filter out the corresponding microplastic fibers in the corresponding areas to further obtain the distribution pattern of microplastic fibers in a large amount of washing wastewater. The operation is convenient and efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for automatically extracting a large amount of microplastic fibers from water bodies according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the automatic induction cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The microplastic fibers extracted by the present invention under a stereo microscope;

[0028] Figure 4 The microplastic fibers extracted by the present invention under a scanning electron microscope;

[0029] Figure 5 The size distribution of microplastics in a large amount of household washing wastewater extracted by this invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Water inlet; 2. Spring slot; 3. Two-way opening and closing door; 4. Wire roller; 5. Water pressure detector; 6. First microporous mesh; 7. Second microporous mesh; 8. Third microporous mesh; 9. Fourth microporous mesh; 10. Biochar adsorption layer; 11. Fixed knob; 12. Drain outlet; 13. Filter cartridge; 14. Automatic sensing cleaning mechanism; 15. Rotating main rod; 16. Connecting rope; 17. Scraping layer; 18. Pipeline; 19. Vacuum pump; 20. Filter membrane; 21. Knob; 22. Water outlet pipe; 23. Main circuit switch; 24. Outer wall; 25. Access port; 26. Accommodating cavity; 27. Collection space; 28. Hollow partition; 29. ​​Inner wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 and 2As shown, this embodiment provides a device for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of water, including a filter cartridge 13 and an automatic sensing cleaning mechanism 14 arranged on the outside of the filter cartridge 13. The filter cartridge 13 is provided with a water inlet 1, a plurality of microporous meshes and a drain outlet 12 in sequence from top to bottom, and the apertures of the plurality of microporous meshes decrease in sequence from top to bottom; the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism 14 includes a rotating main rod 15, a connecting rope 16 and a scraping layer 17, the rotating main rod 15 is connected to a wire roller 4 through the connecting rope 16, and the rotating main rod 15 is connected to the wire roller 4 through the connecting rope 16. The main rotating rod 15 rotates and drives the wire roller 4 to move through the connecting rope 16. A two-way opening and closing door 3 is provided between the filter drum 13 and the automatic induction cleaning mechanism 14; the wire roller 4 passes through the two-way opening and closing door 3 into the filter drum 13 and moves on the microporous net to clean the microplastic fibers on the microporous net; the wire roller 4 passes through the two-way opening and closing door 3 into the automatic induction cleaning mechanism 14 and moves on the scraping layer 17 to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the wire roller 4.

[0036] Optionally, the microporous mesh is removably secured to the inner wall of the filter cartridge 13 via a spring-loaded slot 2. This securing arrangement facilitates removal and replacement of the microporous meshes. The plurality of microporous meshes include a first microporous mesh 6, a second microporous mesh 7, a third microporous mesh 8, and a fourth microporous mesh 9. The first microporous mesh 6, the second microporous mesh 7, the third microporous mesh 8, and the fourth microporous mesh 9 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with the mesh sizes decreasing from top to bottom. Optionally, the first microporous mesh 6 is a 2-mesh microporous mesh; the second microporous mesh 7 is a 13-mesh microporous mesh; the third microporous mesh 8 is a 100-mesh microporous mesh; and the fourth microporous mesh 9 is a 200-mesh microporous mesh. The microporous meshes are preferably made of copper. The microporous meshes are freely removable and can be replaced with other suitable sizes based on actual conditions. The vertical distribution of the microporous meshes can also be adjusted based on actual water sample requirements.

[0037] Optionally, a water pressure detector 5 is provided below each of the microporous meshes. The water pressure detector 5 detects the water pressure below the microporous mesh. If the water pressure is low or no water pressure is felt, it means that the microporous mesh is clogged by a large amount of microplastic fibers in the washing wastewater. At this time, the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism 14 controls the wire roller 4 to clean the microporous mesh to ensure that it is not clogged due to excessive fiber content.

[0038] Optionally, a biochar adsorption layer 10 is further provided in the filter cartridge 13. The biochar adsorption layer 10 is located between the fourth microporous mesh 9 and the drain outlet 12. The biochar adsorption layer 10 is fixed to the inner wall of the filter cartridge 13 via a fixing knob 11, which is provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge 13. The fixing knob 11 facilitates the removal and replacement of the biochar adsorption layer 10. The biochar adsorption layer 10 is used to remove impurities. After a large amount of water is filtered through several microporous meshes and the biochar adsorption layer 10, the water containing fewer impurities can be discharged through the drain outlet 12 to facilitate other experimental needs.

[0039] Optionally, the filter cartridge 13 is made of organic glass, has a length of 400-450 mm, and a diameter of 200-250 mm; the water inlet 1 is a spiral water inlet, which is convenient for connection with the wastewater outlet; the diameter of the wire roller 4 is not greater than 100-125 mm.

[0040] Optionally, the automatic induction cleaning mechanism 14 is a double-layer structure, including an inner wall 29 and an outer wall 24. The inner wall 29 is in contact with the filter cartridge 13, and the rotating main rod 15 is located between the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24. A plurality of collection spaces 27 are formed between the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24. The upper end of the collection space 27 is an open structure, and the lower end is provided with a filter membrane 20. The scraping layer 17 is provided on the outer wall 24 on one side of the collection space 27, and the two-way opening and closing door 3 is provided on the inner wall 29 on the other side of the collection space 27. Optionally, the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24 are both arc-shaped.

[0041] Optionally, a plurality of accommodating cavities 26 are provided between the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24. The accommodating cavities 26 are located below the collection space 27. The filter membrane 20 is located on the upper end surface of the accommodating cavities 26. An access port 25 is provided on one side of the accommodating cavities 26. A pipe 18 is provided in the access port 25. One end of the pipe 18 extends below the filter membrane 20, and the other end of the pipe 18 is connected to an air pump 19. Air is extracted by the air pump 19. During the process of air flow from the upper end opening of the collection space 27 to the filter membrane 20, the air flow drives the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer 17 to fall and be collected on the filter membrane 20. Optionally, one air pump 19 can be connected to multiple pipes 18, so that microplastic fibers in several collection spaces 27 can be extracted simultaneously by one air pump 19.

[0042] Optionally, a water outlet pipe 22 is provided in the accommodating chamber 26, with one end of the water outlet pipe 22 located below the filter membrane 20 and the other end extending through the outer wall 24 to the outside of the outer wall 24. Since the microplastic fibers on the scraping layer 17 and the wire roller 4 are adhered to the wastewater, the microplastic fibers are intercepted by the filter membrane 20 and are located above the filter membrane 20. The wastewater is then discharged through the water outlet pipe 22 below the filter membrane 20.

[0043] Optionally, a knob 21 is further provided on one side of the accommodating chamber 26, and the accommodating chamber 26 is detachably connected between the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24. The accommodating chamber 26 is pulled out by the knob 21, thereby collecting the microplastic fibers on the filter membrane 20 in the accommodating chamber 26, and also facilitating the replacement of the filter membrane 20.

[0044] Optionally, a hollow partition 28 is provided between the accommodating cavity 26 and the collecting space 27 located below it. The hollow partition 28 is located between the inner wall 29 and the outer wall 24, and one side of the hollow partition 28 is an open structure. For the collecting space 27 located below, an auxiliary tool can be used to extend into the collecting space 27 from the opening on the side of the hollow partition 28 and the opening at the top of the collecting space 27 below, and the steel wire roller 4 in the collecting space 27 can be passed through the two-way opening and closing door 3 into the filter cartridge 13, or the steel wire roller 4 can be taken from the filter cartridge 13 into the collecting space 27. For the collecting space 27 located above, an auxiliary tool can be used to directly extend into the collecting space 27 from the opening at the top of the collecting space 27 above, so that the steel wire roller 4 can pass through the two-way opening and closing door 3.

[0045] Optionally, the bidirectional door 3 is disc-shaped, and its cross-sectional area is larger than that of the wire roller 4, allowing the wire roller 4 to pass through the bidirectional door 3. A toggle button is provided on the bidirectional door 3 to control its opening and closing. In the filtration mode, the bidirectional door 3 can be completely closed to ensure a closed space.

[0046] Optionally, the automatic induction cleaning mechanism 13 further includes a circuit master switch 23. The rotating main rod 15 is connected to a drive mechanism, the drive mechanism is used to drive the rotating main rod 15 to rotate, and the circuit master switch 23 is connected to the drive mechanism, and the circuit master switch 23 is used to control the switch of the drive mechanism. Preferably, the drive mechanism is a motor.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of water. The method uses the device provided in Example 1 and includes the following steps:

[0049] 1. A large amount of collected household laundry wastewater is added to the water inlet 1. After entering the water inlet 1, the wastewater is filtered through several microporous meshes and a biochar adsorption layer 10 in sequence. After treatment, the household laundry wastewater containing fewer impurities is discharged through the drain outlet 12;

[0050] 2. Automatic sensing cleaning of microplastic fibers; Under normal filtering state: when the water pressure detector 5 detects continuous water pressure, the wire roller 4 is in a stationary state in the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism 14; Under filtering blockage or filtering end state: the water pressure detector 5 does not sense water pressure for 1 minute. At this time, the microporous mesh is blocked by a large amount of microplastic fibers in the washing wastewater or the filtration is ended. The wire roller 4 is passed through the two-way opening and closing door 3 into the filter cylinder 13, and the rotating total rod 20 rotates and drives the wire roller 4 to move on the microporous mesh through the connecting rope 16 to automatically clean and collect the microplastic fibers on the microporous mesh. Until the water pressure detector 5 can detect continuous water pressure again, the wire roller 4 is passed through the two-way opening and closing door 3 into the collection space 27 of the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism 14, and the rotating total rod 20 rotates and drives the wire roller 4 to move on the scraping layer 17 through the connecting rope 16 to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the wire roller 4 until the filtration of a large amount of household washing wastewater is ended;

[0051] 3. Characterization of microplastic fibers: After the partitioned extraction and collection is completed, the vacuum pump 19 is controlled to start filtration. In the process of the air flow flowing from the upper end opening of the collection space 27 to the filter membrane 20, the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer 17 are driven to fall and collected on the filter membrane 20. After the completion, the microplastic fibers in each area are concentrated on the surface of the filter membrane 20. The filter membrane 20 is removed by the knob 21, and the excess wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe 22; the removed filter membrane 20 is placed under a stereo microscope for observation at 80 times magnification. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 3 The filter membrane 20 was placed under a scanning electron microscope to observe the morphology, the acceleration voltage was 4kV, the magnification was 500, and the results were shown Figure 4 ;

[0052] 4. Qualitative analysis of microplastic fibers: Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to analyze the microplastic fibers on the filter membrane 20, with a scanning range of 4000-700 cm -1 , the number of scans is 16, and the spectral resolution is 4 cm -1 , collect infrared spectra of samples, retrieve and analyze characteristic spectra to determine the types of microplastics;

[0053] 5. Size statistics of microplastic fibers; the different size areas are numbered as a, b, c, and d, and the corresponding microplastic fiber sizes under initial conditions are 5-1.5 mm, 1.5-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.1 mm, and 0.1-0.05 mm respectively; the software Image J is used to perform statistical analysis on the microplastic fibers on the filter membrane 20 in different areas, and the size distribution pattern of microplastic fibers in a large amount of washing wastewater is obtained. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 5 .

[0054] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention can significantly reduce the workload of extracting microplastic fibers from a large amount of experimental water bodies, and obtain experimental data of microplastic fibers of different sizes. It has the advantages of high separation rate, convenient operation, and reusability.

[0055] Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for automatically extracting a large amount of microplastic fibers from water, characterized in that: A device for automatically extracting microplastic fibers from large amounts of water has been applied; The device comprises a filter cartridge (13) and an automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14) arranged outside the filter cartridge (13), wherein a water inlet (1), a plurality of microporous nets and a drain outlet (12) are sequentially arranged in the filter cartridge (13) from top to bottom, and the apertures of the plurality of microporous nets decrease in sequence from top to bottom; the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14) comprises a rotating main rod (15), a connecting rope (16) and a scraping layer (17), wherein the rotating main rod (15) is connected to a wire roller (4) via the connecting rope (16), and the rotating main rod (15) rotates and passes through the The connecting rope (16) drives the steel wire roller (4) to move, and a two-way opening and closing door (3) is provided between the filter cylinder (13) and the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14); the steel wire roller (4) passes through the two-way opening and closing door (3) into the filter cylinder (13) and moves on the microporous net to clean the microplastic fibers on the microporous net; the steel wire roller (4) passes through the two-way opening and closing door (3) into the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14) and moves on the scraping layer (17) to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the steel wire roller (4); The automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14) includes an inner wall (29) and an outer wall (24), the inner wall (29) is in contact with the filter cartridge (13), the rotating main rod (15) is located between the inner wall (29) and the outer wall (24), and a plurality of collecting spaces (27) are formed between the inner wall (29) and the outer wall (24), the upper end of the collecting space (27) is an open structure, and the lower end is provided with a filter membrane (20), the scraping layer (17) is provided on the outer wall (24) on one side of the collecting space (27), and the two-way opening and closing door (3) is provided on the inner wall (29) on the other side of the collecting space (27); A plurality of accommodating cavities (26) are provided between the inner wall (29) and the outer wall (24), the accommodating cavities (26) being located below the collecting space (27), the filter membrane (20) being located on the upper end surface of the accommodating cavities (26), an access port (25) being provided on one side of the accommodating cavities (26), a pipe (18) being provided in the access port (25), one end of the pipe (18) extending below the filter membrane (20), the other end of the pipe (18) being connected to an air pump (19), the air pump (19) performs air extraction, and in the process of the air flow flowing from the upper end opening of the collecting space (27) to the filter membrane (20), the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer (17) are driven to fall and be collected on the filter membrane (20); An outlet pipe (22) is provided in the accommodating cavity (26), one end of the outlet pipe (22) is located below the filter membrane (20), and the other end passes through the outer wall (24) and extends to the outside of the outer wall (24); microplastic fibers are intercepted by the filter membrane (20) and are located above the filter membrane (20), and wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe (22) below the filter membrane (20); A knob (21) is further provided on one side of the accommodating cavity (26), and the accommodating cavity (26) is detachably connected between the inner wall (29) and the outer wall (24), and the accommodating cavity (26) is drawn out by means of the knob (21); The microporous mesh is detachably fixed to the inner wall of the filter cartridge (13) via a spring clamping groove (2), and the plurality of microporous meshes include a first microporous mesh (6), a second microporous mesh (7), a third microporous mesh (8), and a fourth microporous mesh (9). The first microporous mesh (6), the second microporous mesh (7), the third microporous mesh (8), and the fourth microporous mesh (9) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the apertures of the meshes decrease in sequence from top to bottom. A water pressure detector (5) is provided below each of the microporous meshes. A biochar adsorption layer (10) is further provided in the filter cartridge (13), and the biochar adsorption layer (10) is located between the fourth microporous mesh (9) and the drain outlet (12). The biochar adsorption layer (10) is fixed to the inner wall of the filter cartridge (13) via a fixing knob (11), and the fixing knob (11) is provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge (13); A hollow partition (28) is provided between the accommodating cavity (26) and the collecting space (27) located therebelow. The hollow partition (28) is located between the inner wall (29) and the outer wall (24). One side of the hollow partition (28) is an open structure. The two-way opening and closing door (3) is in the shape of a disc, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the two-way opening and closing door (3) is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire roller (4), so that the wire roller (4) can pass through the two-way opening and closing door (3); the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14) further includes a circuit master switch (23), the rotating main rod (15) is connected to a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is used to drive the rotating main rod (15) to rotate, the circuit master switch (23) is connected to the driving mechanism, and the circuit master switch (23) is used to control the switch of the driving mechanism; The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding collected household laundry wastewater to the water inlet (1); after the wastewater enters the water inlet (1), it is filtered and treated by passing through a plurality of microporous meshes and a biochar adsorption layer (10) in sequence; and after treatment, the household laundry wastewater containing fewer impurities is discharged through the drain outlet (12); (2) Automatic induction cleaning of microplastic fibers; Under normal filtration conditions: when the water pressure detector (5) detects continuous water pressure, the wire roller (4) is in a stationary state in the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14); Under filtration blockage or filtration completion conditions: when the water pressure detector (5) detects continuous water pressure for 1 minute, the wire roller (4) is in a stationary state in the automatic induction cleaning mechanism (14); min. The water pressure cannot be sensed. At this time, the microporous mesh is clogged by a large amount of microplastic fibers in the washing wastewater or the filtration is completed. The steel wire roller (4) is passed through the two-way opening and closing door (3) into the filter cylinder (13). The rotating main rod (15) rotates and drives the steel wire roller (4) to move on the microporous mesh through the connecting rope (16) to automatically clean and collect the microplastic fibers on the microporous mesh. Until the water pressure detector (5) can detect continuous water pressure again, the steel wire roller (4) is passed through the two-way opening and closing door (3) into the collection space (27) of the automatic sensing cleaning mechanism (14). The rotating main rod (15) rotates and drives the steel wire roller (4) to move on the scraping layer (17) through the connecting rope (16) to scrape the microplastic fibers attached to the steel wire roller (4) until the filtration of the household washing wastewater is completed. (3) Characterization of microplastic fibers; After the partitioned extraction and collection is completed, the vacuum pump (19) is controlled to start filtration. In the process of the air flow flowing from the upper end opening of the collection space (27) to the filter membrane (20), the microplastic fibers scraped onto the scraping layer (17) are driven to fall and collected on the filter membrane (20). After the completion, the microplastic fibers in each area are concentrated on the surface of the filter membrane (20). The filter membrane (20) is removed by the knob (21), and the excess wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe (22); the removed filter membrane (20) is placed under a stereo microscope and magnified 80 times for observation; the filter membrane (20) is placed under a scanning electron microscope to observe the morphology, with an acceleration voltage of 4 kV and a magnification of 500; (4) Qualitative analysis of microplastic fibers: The microplastic fibers on the filter membrane (20) were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with a scanning range of 4000-700 cm -1 , the number of scans is 16, and the spectral resolution is 4 cm -1 , collect infrared spectra of samples, retrieve and analyze characteristic spectra to determine the types of microplastics; (5) Size statistics of microplastic fibers; the different size areas are numbered as a, b, c, and d, and the corresponding microplastic fiber sizes under initial conditions are 5~1.5 mm, 1.5~0.5 mm, 0.5~0.1 mm, and 0.1~0.05 mm respectively; the software Image J is used to perform statistical analysis on the microplastic fibers on the filter membrane (20) in different areas, and the size distribution pattern of microplastic fibers in washing wastewater is obtained.

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