A shield machine with an online maintenance function for the main bearing

Abstract

The shield machine with the function of on-line maintenance of the main bearing provided by the present invention comprises a housing, a main bearing and a cutter head. The main bearing includes a radial outer ring, an axial outer ring, an inner ring, radial and thrust rolling elements, and radial and thrust cages. The thrust cage is a segmented cage. By providing a maintenance window on the housing that aligns with the second cavity where the thrust rolling elements are located, and a cover plate for blocking the maintenance window, a radially through groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the radial outer ring and / or the axial outer ring, and the radially through groove only has a notch that communicates the maintenance window and the second cavity, so that the radially through groove and the maintenance window form a maintenance passage. A blocking block that presses against the thrust cage is arranged in the maintenance passage, and the blocking block is arranged to be movable along the radial direction of the main bearing. When the shield machine is advancing, the cover plate can be removed and the blocking block can be taken out to perform on-line inspection and maintenance replacement operations on the thrust cage and the thrust rolling elements thereon, so as to realize the on-line maintenance function of the main bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield machines, and particularly to a shield machine with an online maintenance function for the main bearing. Background Art

[0002] A shield machine is a large-scale mechanical equipment that uses a cutter head to continuously cut the soil in front, and excavates a tunnel in the ground or mountain. The main bearing is the core component of the shield machine, which is used to support the rotation of the cutter head. The quality of its operation directly determines the working state of the entire shield machine. If the main bearing is damaged during construction, it is necessary to stop the machine to replace the main bearing. Since the main bearing is large in size (usually with a diameter greater than 5 meters) and the space in the tunnel is narrow, replacing the main bearing in the tunnel is actually an extremely heavy, complicated and dangerous task, consuming huge economic and time costs, and bringing immeasurable economic losses and social losses to the entire tunnel construction. If the replacement of the main bearing is not successful, it will also lead to the scrapping of the entire shield machine. There have been reports abroad that during subway construction, due to the inability to replace the main bearing of the shield machine, the entire shield machine was abandoned in the tunnel, and the subway line section had to be rerouted and re-planned for excavation, resulting in economic losses of billions.

[0003] Most existing main bearings include components such as an inner ring, an outer ring, thrust rolling elements, radial rolling elements, a thrust cage, a radial cage, etc. The thrust rolling elements are clamped between the end faces of the inner race and the outer ring, and the radial rolling elements are clamped between the outer circumferential surface of the inner race and the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring. As Figure 1 shown, from the subsequent disassembly and analysis, most of the damaged main bearings only have some thrust rolling elements and / or some thrust cages showing abnormalities. Due to the inability to replace them in time, the axial load capacity of the main bearing decreases until it jams. And some abnormalities can only be detected in the running state, that is, the online state, making online maintenance very necessary. However, currently common shield machines on the market do not have the function of online maintenance for the main bearing, and shield machine manufacturers also lack attention to the online maintenance technology of the main bearing, and this field is actually in a blank state. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a shield machine with an online maintenance function for the main bearing.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a shield machine with an online maintenance function for the main bearing, including a housing, a main bearing, and a cutter head. The main bearing includes:

[0006] An outer ring, the outer ring includes a radial outer ring arranged in the housing and an axial outer ring arranged on at least one end face of the radial outer ring;

[0007] Inner ring, the inner ring is rotatably arranged within the radial outer ring, the inner ring is connected to the cutter head, there is a first cavity between the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring and the inner circumferential surface of the radial outer ring, and there is a second cavity between the end face of the inner ring and the end face of the axial outer ring;

[0008] Rolling elements, the rolling elements include radial rolling elements that are rollably arranged within the first cavity and thrust rolling elements that are rollably arranged within the second cavity;

[0009] Cage, the cage includes a radial cage arranged on the radial rolling elements and a thrust cage arranged on the thrust rolling elements, and the thrust cage is a segmented cage;

[0010] An inspection window aligned with the second cavity is provided on the housing, and a cover plate for sealing the inspection window, the inspection window is located directly above or above the side of the axis of the main bearing, and the cover plate is detachably connected to the housing;

[0011] Radial through grooves are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the radial outer ring and / or the axial outer ring, the radial through grooves only have slots communicating the inspection window and the second cavity, the radial through grooves and the inspection window constitute the inspection passage of the main bearing, the radian of the inspection passage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing is greater than or equal to the radian of a single thrust cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing, the width of the inspection passage in the axial direction of the main bearing is greater than or equal to the width of a single thrust cage in the axial direction of the main bearing, and a blocking block for pressing against the thrust cage is provided in the inspection passage, and the blocking block is arranged to be movable along the radial direction of the main bearing.

[0012] During the advancement of the shield machine, remove the cover plate, take out the blocking block from the inspection passage, and the inspection passage can be exposed. Then, rotate the cutter head to rotate the main bearing, and the thrust rolling elements and the thrust cage can pass through the inspection passage in sequence, so as to conduct an intuitive on-line inspection. If any abnormality is found, rotate the thrust cage where the abnormal part is located to the inspection passage, then stop the rotation of the cutter head, and the segmented thrust cage can be taken out to repair or replace the cage or the thrust rolling elements on the cage.

[0013] Preferably, the radian of the inspection passage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing is 1.1 to 1.3 times the radian of a single thrust cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing.

[0014] Preferably, the maintenance passage is connected to the first cavity, the radial cage is a segmented cage, and the arc of a single radial cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing is not greater than the arc of a single thrust cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing.

[0015] Preferably, a screw is connected to the end of the plugging block away from the thrust cage, the screw extends along the radial direction of the main bearing, the screw is axially movably inserted through the cover plate, and the end of the screw away from the plugging block is located outside the cover plate.

[0016] Preferably, an elastic member is provided between the plugging block and the cover plate, and the elastic member has a tendency to urge the plugging block to abut against the thrust cage.

[0017] Preferably, both ends of the plugging block are connected to the corresponding radial outer ring and / or axial outer ring through a bayonet structure and locked by a locking bolt. When the cover plate is opened, the locking bolt is exposed from the maintenance window.

[0018] Preferably, the plugging block has a pressure detection function, the plugging block is a pressure sensor, or a piezoresistor is provided on the end face of the plugging block facing the thrust cage.

[0019] Further preferably, a notch is provided on the end face of the plugging block facing the thrust cage.

[0020] Preferably, there are two axial outer rings, and these two axial outer rings are respectively arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the radial outer ring.

[0021] Further preferably, the axial outer ring and the radial outer ring are connected by a through bolt, and a through hole for the through bolt to pass through is provided on the plugging block.

[0022] Further preferably, the through hole is a waist-shaped hole extending along the radial direction of the main bearing.

[0023] Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] 1. By disassembling the cover plate and removing the plugging block, the on-line maintenance operation of the main bearing can be realized, the operation is convenient, time-saving and labor-saving, and the impact on the whole tunnel construction is small.

[0025] 2. By making the maintenance passage composed of a radial through groove and a maintenance window, and the radial through groove only has a notch connecting the maintenance window and the second cavity, it can not only realize the on-line maintenance of the main bearing in the radial direction, but also does not affect the axial bearing capacity of the axial outer ring and does not affect the tunneling effect of the cutter head.

[0026] 3. By positioning the maintenance window directly above or above the side of the main bearing axis, whether during maintenance operations or normal operation, the lubricating grease in the second cavity will not leak, and losses are not easily caused; during on-line inspections, downward observation from above can also be more convenient and intuitive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing of a prior art shield machine.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing in the A-A direction in

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing in the B-B direction in

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main bearing in Embodiment 3 of the present invention in Figure 4 the B-B direction in

[0033] Where: 10. housing; 11. maintenance window; 12. cover plate; 20. main bearing; 21. radial outer ring; 22a. first axial outer ring; 22b. second axial outer ring; 231. first cavity; 232. second cavity; 24. radial rolling element; 251. main thrust rolling element; 252. auxiliary thrust rolling element; 261. radial cage; 262. main thrust cage; 263. auxiliary thrust cage; 27. maintenance passage; 271. plugging block; 272. screw; 273. nut; 274. spring; 275. bayonet structure; 276. locking bolt; 277. through hole; 28. through bolt; 30. cutter head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making the scope of protection of the present invention more clearly defined.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, the shield machine with the function of online maintenance of the main bearing provided by the present invention includes a housing 10, a main bearing 20, and a cutter head 30. Among them, the main bearing 20 includes an outer ring, an inner ring, rolling elements, and a cage. The outer ring includes a radial outer ring 21 disposed in the housing 10 and an axial outer ring disposed on at least one end face of the radial outer ring 21; the inner ring is rotatably disposed in the radial outer ring 21, and the inner ring is connected to the cutter head 30. When the cutter head 30 rotates, it can drive the inner ring to rotate relative to the outer ring. There is a first cavity 231 between the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring and the inner circumferential surface of the radial outer ring 21, and there is a second cavity 232 between the end face of the inner ring facing the axial outer ring and the end face of the axial outer ring facing the inner ring; the rolling elements include radial rolling elements 24 that are rollably disposed in the first cavity 231 and thrust rolling elements that are rollably disposed in the second cavity 232. Further, there are two axial outer rings, and these two axial outer rings are respectively disposed on the front end face and the rear end face of the radial outer ring 21. These two axial outer rings are respectively the first axial outer ring 22a and the second axial outer ring 22b. The thrust rolling elements 25 include main thrust rolling elements 251 that are rollably disposed in the second cavity 232 between the end face of the inner ring and the end face of the first axial outer ring 22a, and auxiliary thrust rolling elements 252 that are rollably disposed in the second cavity 232 between the end face of the inner ring and the end face of the second axial outer ring 22b, as Figure 2As shown in the figure; the cage includes a radial cage 261 provided on the radial rolling elements 24 and a thrust cage provided on the thrust rolling elements. The thrust cage is a segmented cage, and the thrust cage includes a main thrust cage 262 provided on a plurality of main thrust rolling elements 251 and a sub-thrust cage 263 provided on a plurality of sub-thrust rolling elements 252; in this embodiment, the housing 10 is provided with a maintenance window 11 aligned with the second cavity 232, and a cover plate 12 for blocking the maintenance window 11. The maintenance window 11 is located above the side of the axis of the main bearing 20 (not exceeding 45°), and the cover plate 12 is detachably connected to the housing 10; a radial through groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the radial outer ring 21. In other embodiments, the radial through groove can also be formed on the outer circumferential surface of the axial outer ring, or on the outer circumferential surfaces of the radial outer ring 21 and the axial outer ring. However, no matter how the radial through groove is formed, the radial through groove only has a notch connecting the maintenance window 11 and the second cavity 232, and the radial through groove does not penetrate the axial outer ring along the axial direction of the main bearing 20. The radial through groove and the maintenance window 11 constitute a maintenance passage 27 of the main bearing 20. There are two maintenance passages 27, and these two maintenance passages 27 respectively correspond to the second cavity 232 where the main thrust rolling elements 251 are located and the second cavity 232 where the sub-thrust rolling elements 252 are located. The radian of the maintenance passage 27 in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20 is greater than or equal to the radian of a single thrust cage in the second cavity 232 corresponding to it in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20, and the width of the maintenance passage 27 in the axial direction of the main bearing 20 is greater than or equal to the width of a single thrust cage in the second cavity 232 corresponding to it in the axial direction of the main bearing 20. A blocking block 271 for pressing against the thrust cage is provided in the maintenance passage 27, and the blocking block 271 is movably provided in the maintenance passage 27 along the radial direction of the main bearing 20.

[0037] The advantages of such a setting are as follows:

[0038] 1. By removing the cover plate and taking out the blocking block, the on-line maintenance operation of the main bearing can be realized, which is convenient to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, and has little impact on the whole tunnel construction.

[0039] Specifically, during the progress of the shield machine, remove the cover plate and take out the blocking block from the maintenance passage, then the maintenance passage can be exposed. Then, use the rotation of the cutter head to rotate the main bearing, and the thrust rolling elements and the thrust cage can pass through the maintenance passage in turn, so as to conduct an intuitive on-line inspection on them. If any abnormality is found, rotate the thrust cage where the abnormal part is located to the maintenance passage, and then stop the rotation of the cutter head, and the segmented thrust cage can be taken out to repair or replace the cage or the thrust rolling elements on the cage.

[0040] 2. By making the maintenance passage composed of a radial through - groove and a maintenance window, making the radial through - groove only have a notch connecting the maintenance window and the second cavity, and making the radial through - groove not penetrate the outer axial ring along the axial direction of the main bearing, it can not only achieve on - line maintenance of the main bearing in the radial direction, but also not affect the bearing capacity of the outer axial ring in the axial direction and the tunneling effect of the cutter head.

[0041] 3. By making the maintenance window located above the side of the axis line of the main bearing, whether it is for maintenance operations or normal operation, the lubricating grease in the second cavity will not leak and is not likely to cause losses; during on - line inspection, the observation from top to bottom can be more convenient and intuitive.

[0042] To facilitate the individual removal of the thrust cage and avoid affecting other thrust cages during the removal process, in this embodiment, the radian of the maintenance passage 27 in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20 is 1.1 to 1.3 times the radian of a single thrust cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20 within the corresponding second cavity 232.

[0043] To achieve the pressing of the blocking block 271 against the thrust cage, in this embodiment, the two ends of the blocking block 271 are connected to the corresponding outer radial ring 21 and / or outer axial ring through a bayonet structure 275 and locked by a locking bolt 276. When the cover plate 12 is opened, the locking bolt 276 is exposed from the maintenance window 11.

[0044] To facilitate the removal of the blocking block 271, in this embodiment, a screw rod 272 is connected to the end of the blocking block 271 away from the thrust cage. The screw rod 272 extends along the radial direction of the main bearing 20 and is axially movable through the cover plate 12. The end of the screw rod 272 away from the blocking block 271 is located outside the cover plate 12. After removing the cover plate 12 and the locking bolt 276, only by pulling the screw rod 272 outwards can the blocking block 271 be pulled out to complete the removal operation of the blocking block 271.

[0045] To simultaneously achieve on - line maintenance operations for the radial rolling elements 24 and the radial cage 261, in this embodiment, the maintenance passage 27 is also connected to the first cavity 231. The radial cage 261 is also a segmented cage, and the radian of a single radial cage 261 in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20 is not greater than the radian of a single thrust cage in the circumferential direction of the main bearing 20. When the cover plate 12 is removed and the blocking block 271 is taken out to expose the maintenance passage 27, the radial cage 261 can be laterally pulled out along the radial direction of the main bearing 20. Of course, such a setting requires the side of the blocking block 271 facing the radial cage 261 to press tightly against the radial cage 261 to prevent the radial cage 261 from shaking along the axial direction of the main bearing 20.

[0046] In this embodiment, for the convenience of fixing the outer ring, the first axial outer ring 22a, the second axial outer ring 22b and the radial outer ring 21 are connected by a through bolt 28 extending along the axial direction of the main bearing 20 and are finally connected to the housing 10. A through hole 277 for the through bolt 28 to pass through is provided on the plugging block 271.

[0047] Embodiment 2

[0048] As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the differences being:

[0049] First, an elastic member is provided between the plugging block 271 and the cover plate 12. The elastic member is a spring 274. The spring 274 is sleeved on the screw rod 272. The two end portions of the spring 274 respectively abut against the plugging block 272 and the cover plate 12. The spring 274 has a tendency to drive the plugging block 271 to abut tightly against the thrust cage.

[0050] Second, a nut 273 is sleeved on the end portion of the screw rod 272 outside the cover plate 12. By screwing the nut 273, the force of the plugging block 271 abutting tightly against the thrust cage can be adjusted.

[0051] Third, the plugging block 271 has a pressure detection function, and the plugging block 271 is a pressure sensor.

[0052] Fourth, the through hole 277 on the plugging block 271 is an oblong hole, and the through hole 277 extends along the radial direction of the main bearing 20.

[0053] Fifth, the two end portions of the plugging block 271 are smoothly connected to the radial outer ring 21 and / or axial outer ring where it is located, and no bayonet structure 275 and locking bolt 276 are provided.

[0054] The advantages of such a setting are that, on the one hand, through the cooperation of the spring 274 and the nut 273, the force of the plugging block 271 abutting tightly against the thrust cage can be adjusted to apply a preset force on the thrust cage. On the other hand, the fluctuation of the preload force can be fed back by the electrical signal transmitted by the plugging block 271. When a normal thrust cage passes through the plugging block 271, the electrical signals transmitted by the plugging block 271 should be similar and have small fluctuations. When the electrical signal fluctuates greatly and exceeds the set range, it indicates that there is an abnormality in the thrust cage or the thrust rolling elements, and maintenance is required.

[0055] That is to say, such a setting can perform on-line monitoring and on-line detection of the operating conditions of the main bearing without disassembling the cover plate 12.

[0056] Embodiment 3

[0057] As Figure 6As shown, Example 3 is basically the same as Example 2, except that in Example 3, the end face of the plugging block 271 facing the thrust cage is mountain-shaped (a circular arc with two notches), and the protruding part in the middle of the mountain shape has a pressure detection function. Such a setting can improve the accuracy of the pressure detection of the plugging block 271.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those who are familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield machine with a main bearing online maintenance function, comprising a housing, a main bearing, and a cutterhead, wherein the main bearing comprises: an outer ring, the outer ring comprising a radial outer ring disposed in the housing and an axial outer ring disposed on at least one end surface of the radial outer ring; an inner ring, the inner ring being rotatably disposed within the radial outer ring, the inner ring being connected to the cutter head, a first cavity being defined between an outer circumferential surface of the inner ring and an inner circumferential surface of the radial outer ring, and a second cavity being defined between an end face of the inner ring and an end face of the axial outer ring; Rolling bodies, the rolling bodies comprising a radial rolling body rollably disposed in the first cavity and a thrust rolling body rollably disposed in the second cavity; A retainer, comprising a radial retainer provided on the radial rolling element and a thrust retainer provided on the thrust rolling element, wherein the thrust retainer is a segmented retainer; Its characteristics are: The housing is provided with an inspection window aligned with the second cavity, and a cover plate for blocking the inspection window, wherein the inspection window is located directly above or to the side above the axis of the main bearing, and the cover plate is detachably connected to the housing; A radial through groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the radial outer ring and / or the axial outer ring, and the radial through groove only has a notch connecting the inspection window and the second cavity. The radial through groove and the inspection window constitute an inspection channel of the main bearing, and the curvature of the inspection channel in the circumferential direction of the main bearing is greater than or equal to the curvature of a single thrust retainer in the circumferential direction of the main bearing, and the width of the inspection channel in the axial direction of the main bearing is greater than or equal to the width of a single thrust retainer in the axial direction of the main bearing. A sealing block for pressing against the thrust retainer is provided in the inspection channel, and the sealing block is movable along the radial direction of the main bearing.

2. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The curvature of the maintenance channel in the axial direction of the main bearing is 1.1 to 1.3 times the curvature of a single thrust retainer in the axial direction of the main bearing.

3. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The maintenance channel is communicated with the first cavity, the radial retainer is a segmented retainer, and the curvature of a single radial retainer in the circumferential direction of the main bearing is not greater than the curvature of a single thrust retainer in the circumferential direction of the main bearing.

4. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The end of the blocking block away from the thrust retainer is connected to a screw, which extends in the radial direction of the main bearing. The screw is axially movably arranged on the cover plate, and the end of the screw away from the blocking block is located outside the cover plate.

5. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An elastic member is provided between the blocking block and the cover plate, and the elastic member has a tendency to drive the blocking block to press against the thrust retaining frame.

6. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the blocking block are connected to the radial outer ring and / or the axial outer ring where they are located through a bayonet structure and are locked by locking bolts. When the cover is opened, the locking bolts are exposed from the inspection window.

7. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking block has a pressure detection function, and the blocking block is a pressure sensor, or a pressure-sensitive resistor is provided on the end surface of the blocking block facing the thrust retaining frame.

8. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two axial outer rings, which are respectively arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the radial outer ring.

9. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial outer ring and the radial outer ring are connected by through bolts, and the blocking block is provided with through holes for the through bolts to pass through.

10. The shield machine with main bearing online maintenance function according to claim 9, characterized in that: The through hole is a waist-shaped hole extending along the radial direction of the main bearing.

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