Low temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen sphere

Abstract

The present application relates to a low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank, comprising: an inner spherical tank, liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner space of the inner spherical tank; an outer spherical tank, the outer spherical tank is arranged around the inner spherical tank, and the inner spherical tank is contained in the cavity of the outer spherical tank; an inner support column, the inner support column supports the inner spherical tank to be suspended in the cavity of the outer spherical tank, and transmits the load of the inner spherical tank and the liquid hydrogen to the outer spherical tank; an outer support column, the outer support column supports the outer spherical tank; a pull rod, the pull rod is arranged between adjacent outer support columns; and a thermal insulation component, the thermal insulation component comprises: glass wool wrapped around the outer periphery of the inner support column; a multi-layer winding or aerogel arranged outside the inner spherical tank, the multi-layer winding is formed by alternately arranging a metal film with low emissivity and a spacer with low thermal conductivity; expanded perlite filled between the inner and outer tanks, and a PUF layer sprayed inside the outer spherical tank. The present application can be used for liquid hydrogen spherical tanks with a volume of 400m 3 -20000m 3 , greatly improving the hydrogen storage capacity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage container equipment, in particular to a novel low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen, as a secondary energy source with wide sources, clean and carbon-free, flexible and efficient, and rich application scenarios, is an ideal interconnection medium for promoting clean and efficient utilization of traditional fossil energy and supporting large-scale development of renewable energy. The rapid development of hydrogen energy is not only a powerful measure to upgrade the development momentum of the energy industry, but also an unchangeable choice to respond to global climate change, ensure national energy supply security, and achieve sustainable development strategy. Key technologies for hydrogen energy utilization include hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and application, among which storage and transportation are key links in the hydrogen energy industry chain. Common hydrogen storage methods include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquefied hydrogen storage, organic liquid hydrogen storage, and metal adsorption hydrogen storage. Compared with gaseous hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage has the advantages of high purity, low long-distance transportation cost, and high filling efficiency, and is an important research direction of hydrogen storage and transportation.

[0003] At present, common liquid hydrogen storage tanks include child-mother type low-temperature storage tanks, spherical low-temperature storage tanks, and vertical flat-bottom cylindrical low-temperature storage tanks. The maximum volume of the child-mother type low-temperature storage tank is limited, and it is not as good as the spherical low-temperature storage tank and the vertical flat-bottom cylindrical low-temperature storage tank in terms of land occupation area and thermal insulation performance. The spherical tank has uniform stress distribution, can store under pressure, has lower manufacturing and installation cost, and has obvious advantages when storing 400m 3 -20000m 3 of liquid hydrogen.

[0004] The main difficulty of liquid hydrogen storage is the adiabatic problem. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogen pose some technical challenges for liquefied storage. The boiling point of liquid hydrogen at 1 atmosphere is 20.2K, which has the characteristics of low boiling point and small latent heat. A small amount of heat will cause the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank to evaporate and boil. The density of liquid hydrogen is only one-sixth of that of liquefied natural gas, and the vaporization latent heat is also smaller than that of liquefied natural gas. Therefore, the adiabatic difficulty of liquid hydrogen storage tank is much greater than that of liquefied natural gas. Similar to liquid natural gas, liquid hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and may also cause combustion or vapor explosion risks. Therefore, low-temperature and efficient adiabatic is crucial for the storage and safe use of liquid hydrogen. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide an adiabatic system suitable for large bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tanks, which can effectively reduce the heat leakage of the spherical tank and improve the adiabatic performance of the large liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank comprises:

[0008] an inner sphere tank, liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner space of the inner sphere tank;

[0009] an outer sphere tank, the outer sphere tank is arranged around the inner sphere tank, and the inner sphere tank is contained in the cavity of the outer sphere tank;

[0010] an inner support column, the inner support column supports the inner sphere tank in the cavity of the outer sphere tank and transmits the load of the inner sphere tank and the liquid hydrogen to the outer sphere tank;

[0011] an outer support column, the outer support column supports the outer sphere tank;

[0012] a tie rod, the tie rod is arranged between adjacent outer support columns; and

[0013] an adiabatic component, the adiabatic component comprises:

[0014] glass wool wrapped around the outer periphery of the inner support column;

[0015] a multi-layer winding or aerogel arranged outside the inner sphere tank, the multi-layer winding is arranged by alternately arranging a metal film with low emissivity and a spacer with low thermal conductivity; and

[0016] a PUF layer sprayed inside the outer sphere tank.

[0017] a PUF layer sprayed on the inner side of the outer sphere tank, and the sprayed PUF layer is not more than 10 cm.

[0018] expanded perlite is filled between the inner sphere tank and the outer sphere tank.

[0019] The inner support column and the outer support column are connected to the ground vertically by welding or bolt connection.

[0020] The inner sphere tank, the outer sphere tank and the inner support column are made of S 31603 and / or S 31608 austenitic stainless steel, and the outer support column is made of low alloy steel.

[0021] Two tie rods are arranged staggered and crossed between two adjacent outer support columns, and the two tie rods have no intersection part.

[0022] A glass steel heat blocking block is arranged in the inner support column, and the glass steel heat blocking block is arranged below the intersection of the inner support column and the inner sphere tank to block the transmission of heat in the inner support column.

[0023] The inner support column and the outer support column are distributed in rotational symmetry relative to the vertical center axis of the inner sphere tank.

[0024] A plurality of perlite filling holes are arranged in the upper part of the liquid hydrogen sphere tank, the interval between adjacent two perlite filling holes is 1m-2m, and the perlite filling holes are used for perlite supplement.

[0025] The vacuum safety valve is arranged on the upper portion of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank decreases, the tank vacuum safety valve is opened and inert gas is supplemented into the liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0026] The present application has the following advantages due to the above technical solutions:

[0027] (1) The inner and outer spherical tanks of the double-layer spherical tank are made of S 31603 / S 31608 stainless steel (or equivalent ASTM grade), and the outer spherical tank can be used to bear the leaked liquid of the inner spherical tank, saving the cofferdam setting and improving the safety of the tank.

[0028] (2) It can be used for a liquid hydrogen spherical tank with a volume of 400m 3 -20000m 3 (For larger volume spherical tanks, partial structure evaluation should be performed), which greatly improves the hydrogen storage capacity.

[0029] (3) A vacuum insulation system is arranged between the inner and outer spherical tanks, the outer side of the inner spherical tank is wrapped with multiple layers or wrapped with aerogel, and the multiple layer wrapping material is formed by alternately arranging low-emissivity metal film (aluminum, silver, etc.) and low-thermal-conductivity spacer (fiber, etc.). The inner side of the outer spherical tank is sprayed with PUF (generally 5cm-10cm), and the inner and outer spherical tanks are filled with perlite, which improves the heat insulation performance of the tank while facilitating the construction of the heat insulation system of the large liquid hydrogen spherical tank and high-altitude operation.

[0030] (4) The outer side of the inner spherical tank support column is wrapped with a certain thickness of glass wool, and the inner spherical tank support column and the outer support column are filled with perlite and vacuumized, which increases the thermal resistance of the support structure.

[0031] (5) A certain thickness of glass steel, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics), is arranged at a certain distance below the intersection of the inner tank support column and the inner tank, which blocks the heat transfer of the inner tank support column. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not considered a limitation of the present application. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a liquid hydrogen spherical tank;

[0034] Figure 2 is a top view of a liquid hydrogen spherical tank;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the outer support column and the pull rod of the low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank of the present application.

[0036] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view enlarged view at C of Figure 1

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the A-A cross-section.

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the B-B cross-section.

[0039] The various signs in the drawings represent the following:

[0040] 1. inner sphere; 2. outer sphere; 3. inner support column; 4. outer support column; 5. tie rod; 6. multi-layer winding or aerogel; 7. perlite; 8. PUF coating; 9. bolt; 10. ear plate; 11. bottom plate; 12. vacuum valve; 13. perlite filling hole; 14. glass wool; 15. glass steel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it is understood that the present application can be embodied in various forms without being limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0042] The currently common low-temperature spherical tank, the inner sphere is made of stainless steel, the outer sphere is made of carbon steel, and a cofferdam is provided. The storage tank occupies a larger area, and the carbon steel outer sphere cannot bear lower temperature, which has a larger safety risk.

[0043] In the low-temperature double-metal liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to the embodiments of the present application, a double-layer spherical tank is provided, the inner sphere 1 and the outer sphere 2 are both made of S 31603 / S 31608 stainless steel (or equivalent ASTM grade), and the outer sphere 2 can be used to bear the liquid leaked from the inner sphere 1, saving the cofferdam setting and improving the safety of the storage tank.

[0044] The volume of a conventional liquid hydrogen storage tank is not more than 300m 3 The low-temperature double-metal liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to the embodiments of the present application can be a liquid hydrogen spherical tank with a volume of 400m 3 -20000m 3 , which greatly improves the hydrogen storage capacity.

[0045] ​The conventional low-temperature spherical tank insulation material is usually vacuum multi-layer winding or glass fiber, and the construction is difficult. In the low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to the embodiment of the application, a vacuum insulation system is arranged between the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2, the outer side of the inner spherical tank 1 is wrapped with multi-layer winding or aerogel 6, the multi-layer winding material is formed by alternately arranging low-emissivity metal film (aluminum, silver, etc.) and low-thermal-conductivity spacer (fiber, etc.). The inner side of the outer spherical tank 2 is sprayed with PUF (generally 5cm-10cm), and the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2 are filled with perlite 7, which improves the insulation performance of the storage tank and facilitates the construction of the insulation system of the large liquid hydrogen spherical tank and the high-altitude operation.

[0046] The outer side of the inner support column 3 is wrapped with a certain thickness of glass wool 14, and the inner support column 3 and the outer support column are arranged in a vacuumed manner by adding perlite, thereby increasing the thermal resistance of the support structure.

[0047] Since the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is low (20.2K) and the latent heat of vaporization is small (29kPa, 20.2K, 446kJ / kg), a small amount of heat will cause the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank to evaporate and boil.

[0048] The liquid hydrogen spherical tank is composed of an outer spherical tank 2, an inner spherical tank 1 and a support structure.

[0049] The inner spherical tank 1 is used for storing low-temperature liquid, the outer spherical tank 2 serves to protect the inner container, and the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2 are filled with pearl sand and vacuumed to form a vacuum powder insulation.

[0050] The application proposes an insulation system suitable for large bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tanks, which can effectively reduce the heat leakage of the spherical tank and improve the insulation performance of the large liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0051] The novel low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank and the insulation system of the application comprise: a foundation fixed to the ground, a square base is arranged on the foundation; an outer support column is fixed to the upper part of the base; outer support rods are arranged in pairs and cross each other and are connected to the outer support column by bolts; an outer spherical tank is supported by the outer support column and the rod system on the outer side; an inner support system is arranged between the inner and outer spherical tanks and transmits the load of the spherical tank and the liquid to the outer spherical tank; an inner spherical tank has a cavity for storing liquid hydrogen in the body of the inner spherical tank; a vacuum insulation system is arranged between the inner and outer spherical tanks, the insulation system comprises wrapping the outer side of the inner spherical tank with multi-layer winding or aerogel, spraying PUF on the inner side of the outer spherical tank, and filling perlite between the inner and outer spherical tanks, which can effectively reduce the heat leakage of the storage tank.

[0052] The outer spherical tank is supported by a plurality of groups of columns, the columns are arranged uniformly in a ring shape and are fixed to the upper part of the foundation base by foundation bolts.

[0053] Two cross tie rods are arranged between the two adjacent outer support columns and are connected to the outer support columns by bolts.

[0054] The inner and outer spherical tanks of the double-layer spherical tank are made of S 31603 / S 31608 stainless steel (or equivalent ASTM grade), which has good mechanical properties and is not sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0055] The outer spherical tank can be used to bear the liquid leaked from the inner spherical tank. The cofferdam setting is saved, and the safety of the storage tank is improved.

[0056] A vacuum insulation system is arranged between the inner and outer spherical tanks, the outer side of the inner spherical tank is wrapped with multiple layers or aerogel, and the multiple layer wrapping material is formed by alternating arrangement of low-emissivity metal film (aluminum, silver, etc.) and low-thermal-conductivity spacer (fiber, etc.).

[0057] The inner side of the outer spherical tank is sprayed with PUF (generally 5-10 cm), and the inner and outer spherical tanks are filled with perlite, which improves the thermal insulation performance of the storage tank and facilitates the construction and high-altitude operation of the thermal insulation system of the large-scale liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0058] The outer side of the inner spherical tank support column is wrapped with a certain thickness of glass wool, and the inner and outer support columns are connected by perlite and vacuum extraction, which increases the thermal resistance of the support structure.

[0059] A certain thickness of glass steel, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP), is arranged at a certain distance below the intersection of the inner spherical tank support column and the inner spherical tank, which blocks the heat transfer of the inner spherical tank support column.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] The novel low-temperature double-metal liquid hydrogen spherical tank and thermal insulation system according to the present application mainly includes: an inner spherical tank 1, an outer spherical tank 2, an inner support column 3, an outer support column 4, a tie rod 5, a multiple layer wrapping or aerogel 6, perlite 7, a PUF coating 8, etc. The inner spherical tank 1 is supported by the inner support column 3 and suspended in the cavity of the outer spherical tank 2, and transmits the load of the inner spherical tank 1 and the liquid to the outer spherical tank 2. The outer spherical tank 2 is supported by the outer support column 4, and the tie rod 5 is connected between the adjacent outer support columns 4. The outer side of the inner spherical tank 1 is wrapped with cold preservation material 6, the inner side of the outer spherical tank 2 is sprayed with cold preservation material 8, and the inner and outer spherical tanks 1 and 2 are filled with cold preservation material, which can be perlite 7.

[0062] Referring to the drawings, the novel low-temperature double-metal liquid hydrogen spherical tank and thermal insulation system according to the present application are described in detail as follows:

[0063] A plurality of support columns are arranged on the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2, and the inner support column 3 serves to support the inner spherical tank 1.

[0064] To reduce the transfer of heat, refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , the inner support column 3 is wrapped with glass wool.

[0065] Between the inner support column 3 and the outer support column 4, perlite is used with vacuum pumping. A piece of glass fiber reinforced plastic material such as GFRP with low thermal conductivity is set at a certain distance below the intersection of the inner support column 3 and the inner spherical tank 1. Figure 4 The glass fiber reinforced plastic 15 is used to block the heat transfer of the inner spherical tank support column.

[0066] A vacuum insulation system is used between the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2.

[0067] The vacuum insulation system includes elastomeric insulation and perlite.

[0068] Elastic heat-insulating materials are used on the outside of the inner spherical tank 1, such as Figure 4 The multilayer wrapping material 6 is made of alternating low-emissivity metal films (aluminum, silver, etc.) and low-thermal-conductivity spacers (fibers, etc.). The elastic insulation material is at least able to compensate for the deformation caused by the pre-cooling shrinkage of the inner spherical tank 1.

[0069] Spray PUF no thicker than 10 cm on the inner side of the outer spherical tank 2.

[0070] Perlite 7 is filled between the inner spherical tank 1 and the outer spherical tank 2. The perlite may be expanded perlite.

[0071] When filling the perlite 7, the deformation caused by the pre-cooling shrinkage of the inner spherical tank 1, the compressibility of the multi-layer winding or aerogel material 6, and the influence of the drop in the perlite height due to the weight of the perlite should be considered.

[0072] The inner and outer support columns 3 and 4 are connected to the base plate 11 by welding or bolting. The welds between the inner and outer support columns 3 and 4 and the base plate 11 should be perpendicular. The base plate 11 is fixed to the foundation by anchor bolts 12. The anchor bolts can be made of Q345B material and should be able to withstand the horizontal force of the tie rod 5 on the support column 4.

[0073] The inner spherical tank 1, the outer spherical tank 2 and the inner support column 3 are required to be resistant to low temperatures.

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present application, the inner spherical tank 1, the outer spherical tank 2 and the inner support column 3 can be made of austenitic stainless steel such as S 31603 / S31608.

[0075] The outer support column 4 mainly plays a supporting role and is required to have high strength, and is made of high-strength low-alloy steel.

[0076] like Figure 3As shown, two pull rods 5 are arranged staggered and crossed between two adjacent outer support columns 4, and the two pull rods 5 have no intersection part. The two ends of the pull rod 5 are connected with the lug plate 10 through the bolt 9, and the lug plate 10 is connected with the outer support column 4 by welding.

[0077] The inner support column 3 and the outer support column 4 are distributed in rotational symmetry relative to the vertical central axis of the inner spherical tank 1, and only a schematic is shown in the figure.

[0078] The more the number of groups of the inner support column 3 and the outer support column 4, the more stable the liquid hydrogen spherical tank will be, and the stronger the ability to resist extreme working conditions will be, but it will also cause the heat from the outside to increase into the inner spherical tank 1. The appropriate number of support structure quantities should be selected through calculation to meet the stability and evaporation rate requirements of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0079] A vacuum valve 12 is arranged at the upper part of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank to prevent negative pressure accidents of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank. When the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank decreases, the storage tank vacuum valve 12 should be able to open in time and supplement inert gas into the storage tank. The vacuum valve 12 is connected with the special pipeline system in the receiving station for supplementing gas to maintain the internal pressure.

[0080] A plurality of perlite filling holes 13 are arranged at the upper part of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, and the interval is generally 1m-2m. The perlite can be supplemented and filled during the allowable period of the storage tank.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank, characterized in that, comprising: an inner sphere in which liquid hydrogen is stored; an outer sphere surrounding the inner sphere and accommodating the inner sphere in a cavity of the outer sphere; an inner support column suspending the inner sphere in the cavity of the outer sphere and transmitting the load of the inner sphere and liquid hydrogen to the outer sphere; an outer support column supporting the outer sphere; a tie rod arranged between adjacent outer support columns; and an insulation component comprising: glass wool wrapped around the outer periphery of the inner support column; a multi-layered wrapping arranged outside the inner sphere, the multi-layered wrapping being formed by alternatingly arranging a low-emissivity metal film and a low-thermal-conductivity spacer; the insulation component further comprising a PUF layer sprayed inside the outer sphere, the PUF layer being no more than 10 cm; the inner sphere, the outer sphere and the inner support column being made of S 31603 and / or S 31608 austenitic stainless steel, and the outer support column being made of low-alloy steel.

2. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, expanded perlite is filled between the inner sphere and the outer sphere.

3. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner support column and the outer support column are connected to the ground vertically by welding or bolting.

4. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, two tie rods are arranged staggered between two adjacent outer support columns, and the two tie rods have no intersection.

5. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, a glass fiber reinforced plastic heat-blocking block is arranged in the inner support column, and the glass fiber reinforced plastic heat-blocking block is arranged below the intersection of the inner support column and the inner sphere to block the transmission of heat in the inner support column.

6. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner support column and the outer support column are distributed in rotational symmetry with respect to the vertical center axis of the inner sphere.

7. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, a plurality of perlite filling holes are arranged in the upper part of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, and the interval between adjacent two perlite filling holes is 1 m to 2 m, for perlite filling.

8. The low-temperature bimetallic liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, a vacuum safety valve is arranged in the upper part of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank decreases, the tank vacuum safety valve opens and inert gas is supplemented into the liquid hydrogen spherical tank. ​

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