Insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur and the choline salt of nonanoic acid

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur, a choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The present invention particularly relates to an insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; a choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The insecticide composition comprises particles having a size range of 0.1 microns to 50 microns. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the insecticide composition. The present invention relates to a method for treating plants, crops, plant propagation materials, sites or parts thereof, seeds, seedlings or surrounding soil with an insecticide composition.

Description

1. Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to an insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. More specifically, the present invention relates to an insecticide composition comprising: elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The insecticide composition is in the form of a wettable powder, water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules or water-disintegrating granules or spheroidized granules, liquid suspensions or suspension concentrates, oil dispersants, suspoemulsions, flowable concentrates and a combination of encapsulated suspensions and suspension concentrates (ZC). In addition, the insecticide composition comprises particles having a size range of 0.1 microns to 50 microns.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing an insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treating plants, crops, plant propagation material, loci or parts thereof, seeds, seedlings or surrounding soil with the insecticide composition. 2. Background of the invention

[0004] When describing the embodiments of the present invention, specific terms are selected for clarity. However, it is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific terms so selected, and it should be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to achieve a similar purpose.

[0005] The use of synthetic pesticides has surged over the past few decades to meet the growing demand for crop production, reduce pest populations, protect stored food, etc. The continued use of synthetic pesticides has led to negative effects such as pest resistance, pest re-emergence, residues, toxic effects on non-target organisms, pollution, health hazards and biodiversity loss. In addition, the misuse and repeated use of synthetic pesticides can also lead to the accumulation of pesticides in the soil, affecting soil properties and soil microbial communities, thereby changing its microbial diversity, biochemical reactions and enzyme activities. Today's consumers are also concerned about the amount of residual chemicals that may be present in food, groundwater and the environment.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need to optimize farming practices and provide alternative solutions that are non-toxic, safe for humans and the environment, and do not affect the natural flora and fauna of the ecosystem.

[0007] Fatty acids are a class of natural compounds found in large quantities in nature that have interesting and valuable biological activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial and herbicidal properties. Some fatty acids, such as caprylic acid, nonanoic acid and capric acid, have herbicidal properties. In particular, nonanoic acid is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon fatty acid and has low toxicity to mammals and birds. Nonanoic acid is used to control weeds and as a flowering thinner. Although fatty acids are reported to have herbicidal effects, choline salts of fatty acids such as capric acid, propionic acid, nonanoic acid have antifungal activity.

[0008] However, natural compounds may be short-lived in the environment and susceptible to adverse environmental conditions such as susceptibility to oxidation, temperature, etc., hampering their efficacy. Therefore, there is a need for effective biological or organic solutions that will provide comparable benefits to chemical pesticides and be sustainable, non-toxic, biodegradable, have minimal impact on non-target organisms, resistance management, no residual effects, and can also control pests, thereby improving crop quality and yield, and safety.

[0009] The role of sulfur as an essential and growth nutrient and fertilizer has long been known. Sulfur is considered organic in nature and exists primarily in its elemental form. In addition, elemental sulfur is known to be used in organic farming as a fertilizer and also in plant disease control as a fungicide, insecticide (including scabicides and acaricides). The benefits of using elemental sulfur include not only reduced reliance on the use of chemicals as an effective form of pest control, but being organic in nature, it is also environmentally friendly, increases crop yields, improves food safety, and the health and quality of life of humans, animals or plants.

[0010] Insecticide compositions comprising fatty acids are known in the art, but there is no disclosure of the specific combination comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and elemental sulfur.

[0011] WO2020104645A1 relates to a method for controlling or preventing fungal infections of plants or plant parts by applying a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid to the plant, plant part or the locus of the plant, and also to the use of the composition as a fungicide. The application does not disclose sulfur in the composition at all.

[0012] WO96 / 28022 describes a method for controlling established fungal or bacterial plant diseases by applying a fungicidal or bactericidal amount of a fatty acid, a salt or derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, to the site of the plant disease. The application is intended to use fatty acids as active ingredients in compositions to eradicate existing plant pathogens, such as fungal infections or bacterial colonization, and to enhance or supplement the activity of other fungicidal and bactericidal chemicals when used in a mixture. The patent application does not disclose the use of a choline salt of nonanoic acid in combination with sulfur or any other pesticide active substance. The application also does not mention the use of the composition in a specific formulation type with improved physical properties of the composition.

[0013] WO2018 / 164999A1 relates to an aqueous herbicide composition comprising at least one nutrient compound having an organic acid or an inorganic acid and an adjuvant having a pH value of about 4 to about 7. The aqueous composition aims to overcome the limitations associated with the use of incineration herbicides with the help of nutrients that produce systemic herbicidal effects. The aqueous herbicide composition containing nutrients is excessively absorbed by plants to cause phytotoxicity and completely eradicate unwanted plant species from the soil surface. The present invention essentially requires an organic acid to change the pH value of the aqueous herbicide composition, which is essential for the absorption of nutrients by the plant surface and minimizing the burning of plant surface tissues. These applications do not disclose a specific combination of choline salts of nonanoic acid and elemental sulfur.

[0014] Thus, pesticide compositions comprising specific combinations of elemental sulfur and the choline salt of nonanoic acid are known or available which can be used effectively at lower dosages and address limitations as observed with known compositions.

[0015] The inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly developed a novel insecticide composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid, which is synergistic in nature and exhibits excellent field efficacy. The inventors have found that the synergistic composition comprising elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid is not only an organic solution, but also a sustainable and ecological solution for users. The insecticide composition acts as an excellent crop protection agent, is non-phytotoxic, is effective at lower dosages, reduces the application of chemical crop protection agents, and helps in resistance management.

[0016] In addition to the synergistic effects of the compositions of the present invention, the inventors have unexpectedly determined that a composition comprising an effective amount of elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid in liquid or granular or powder form provides protection against plant pathogens and improves yield when the particles in the composition are in the size range of 0.1 microns to 50 microns.

[0017] The inventors have found that this organic ecological combination of effective amounts of elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid helps to minimize the loss of active ingredients and provide a stable, user-friendly formulation. The insecticide combination with a particle size ranging from 0.1 micron to 50 microns also enhances the physical properties of the formulation by providing improved suspensibility, dispersibility, viscosity and pourability, providing effective control of target pathogens when applied by soil or foliar routes.

[0018] Therefore, the researchers of the present invention have developed a stable insecticide composition comprising: elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The composition has particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 50 microns. The insecticide composition has a synergistic effect and provides surprising results not only as a crop protection agent but also as a yield enhancer. In addition, the composition of the present invention is an excellent composition that is difficult to achieve in a cost-effective manner, is environmentally friendly, and is not expected to have adverse effects on humans, non-target organisms or the environment. 3. Summary of the invention

[0019] The invention relates to an insecticide composition, comprising elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0020] The present invention relates to a pesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0021] Further, the insecticide composition is in solid, liquid or gel form and contains particles with a size ranging from 0.1 micron to 50 microns.

[0022] The insecticide composition is in the form of a combination of wettable powders, water dispersible granules, broadcast granules or water disintegrating granules or spheroidized granules, liquid suspensions or suspension concentrates, oil dispersions, suspoemulsions, flowable concentrates, encapsulated suspensions and suspension concentrates (ZC).

[0023] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing an insecticide composition, the insecticide composition comprising: elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0024] According to another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting crops or improving crop health and growth, increasing crop yield, strengthening plants, increasing crop defense, and weed control; the method comprises treating at least one of seeds, seedlings, crops, plants, plant propagation materials, sites, parts thereof, or surrounding soil with an effective amount of an insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one agricultural chemical excipient.

[0025] It is further observed that the agrochemical composition of the present invention exhibits excellent physical properties such as suspensibility, dispersibility, wettability, viscosity, pourability and stability to heat, light, temperature, caking etc. The composition of the present invention also exhibits excellent performance under accelerated storage conditions. 4. Detailed description of the invention

[0026] When describing embodiments of the present invention, specific terms are selected for clarity. However, it is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific terms so selected, and it should be understood that such specific terms include all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to achieve similar purposes. It should be understood that any numerical ranges listed herein are intended to include all sub-ranges included. In addition, unless otherwise stated, the percentages of components in the composition are expressed as weight percentages.

[0027] The terms "a" or "an," as used herein, are defined as one or more. The terms "including," "comprising," and / or "having," as used herein, are defined as comprising (ie, open language).

[0028] The sulfur used in the composition refers to elemental sulfur.

[0029] The term "nonanoic acid" may be used interchangeably with nonylic acid, nonanoic acid or octane carboxylic acid or 1-octane carboxylic acid or C9 fatty acid.

[0030] The term "choline salt of nonanoic acid" includes choline nonanoate and acetylcholine nonanoate.

[0031] Water dispersible granules are defined as formulations that disperse or dissolve rapidly when added to water to produce a fine particle suspension. As used herein, "WG" or "WDG" refers to water dispersible granules. Water dispersible granules are formulated into easily measurable small particles (agglomerates of fine particles) by mixing and agglomerating a milled solid active ingredient with a surfactant and other formulation ingredients, which break down and disperse into finer / primary particles when immersed in water.

[0032] According to the present invention, the term liquid suspension includes "aqueous suspensions" or "aqueous dispersions" or "suspension concentrates (SC)" or "suspoemulsions (SE)" compositions. Liquid suspensions can be defined as compositions in which solid particles are dispersed or suspended in a liquid. The liquid as a carrier can be water and / or a water-miscible solvent.

[0033] As defined herein, WP refers to wettable powder, which may be a powder formulation that is applied as a suspension after dispersion in water.

[0034] As defined herein, SE refers to a suspoemulsion that is a combination of suspension concentrate (SC) and concentrated aqueous emulsion (EW) technologies.

[0035] As used herein, ZC refers to a capsule and a stable suspension of the active ingredient in a liquid, typically intended to be diluted with water prior to use.

[0036] As defined herein, OD refers to an oil dispersion or oil suspension in which the solid active ingredient is dispersed in oil. The oil may range from paraffinic oils to aromatic solvent types as well as vegetable oils or methylated seed oils.

[0037] The present invention relates to a pesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0038] The present invention relates to an insecticide composition comprising: elemental sulfur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, and choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0039] According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 85% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 1% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 10% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 10% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 10% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 10% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 10% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in a range of 20% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is choline nonanoate, acetylcholine nonanoate or a mixture thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other choline salts of nonanoic acid or derivatives thereof known in the art may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 15% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the choline salt of nonanoic acid is present in the range of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition is in the form of a solid or liquid or a gel or a paste.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the solid insecticide composition includes powders, granules, and dusts. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition in the form of powders includes wettable powders and dispersible powders. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition in the form of granules includes broadcast granules or spheroidized granules or water-disintegrating granules, pills, and water-dispersible granules. According to one embodiment, the solid insecticide composition specifically includes wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, spheroidized granules, broadcast granules, or water-disintegrating granules.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the liquid insecticide composition comprises a combination of a suspension, an oil dispersion, a liquid suspension or a suspension concentrate, a flowable concentrate, a seed dressing, a suspoemulsion, an encapsulated suspension and a suspension concentrate (ZC). According to one embodiment, the liquid insecticide composition specifically comprises a liquid suspension.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 40 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 30 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 25 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 20 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 15 microns. According to a further embodiment, the particle size of the insecticide composition is in the range of 0.1 micron to 10 microns.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition is in the form of spheroidized granules or broadcast granules or water-disintegrating granules, wherein the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 6 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 4 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 3 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 2.5 mm.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition is in the form of water dispersible granules, wherein the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 2.5 mm. According to a further embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 1.5 mm. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 1 millimeter. According to one embodiment, the size of the granules ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 50 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 40 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 30 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 25 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 20 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 15 microns. According to one embodiment, the particles are dispersed into particles having a size range of 0.1 micron to 10 microns.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. According to further embodiments, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from at least one of the following: surfactant, binder or adhesive, wetting agent, emulsifier, disintegrant, filler or carrier or diluent, coating agent, buffer or pH regulator or neutralizer, defoamer or defoamer, penetrant, UV absorber, UV scatterer, stabilizer, pigment, colorant, structurant, chelating agent or complexing agent or screening agent, thickener, suspending agent or suspending agent or anti-caking agent or anti-settling agent, viscosity modifier or rheology modifier, tackifier, wetting agent, adhesive, antifreeze agent or freezing point depressant, solvent including water-immiscible solvent or water-soluble solvent and mixture thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the scope of the present invention, additional agrochemically acceptable excipients may be used.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the pesticide composition in the form of water-dispersible or spheroidized granules further comprises at least one agrochemical excipient, which includes a disintegrant, a surfactant, a binder or a filler or a carrier or a diluent, a defoamer, an ultraviolet absorber, an ultraviolet scatterer, an anti-caking agent or an anti-settling agent or a suspending agent or a suspending agent, a penetrant, a sticking agent, a tackifier, a pigment, a colorant, a stabilizer. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional agrochemically acceptable excipients may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the liquid pesticide composition further comprises at least one agrochemical excipient, which includes at least one structurant, surfactant, wetting agent, solvent, suspending agent or suspension aid or anti-caking agent or anti-settling agent, penetrant, adhesive, UV absorber, UV scatterer, buffer or pH regulator or neutralizer, stabilizer, antifreeze agent or freezing point depressant, defoamer. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional agrochemically acceptable excipients may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 5% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 10% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipient is present in the range of 1% w / w to 30% w / w of the total composition.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the surfactant used in the pesticide composition includes one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric and polymeric surfactants. According to one embodiment, the surfactant includes one or more of an emulsifier, a wetting agent and a dispersant.

[0054] Anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: fatty acid salts, benzoates, polycarboxylates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl diglycol ether sulfates, alcohol sulfate ester salts, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, polystyrene sulfonates, alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkyl aryl phosphate esters, styryl aryl hydroxyphosphate esters or derivatives thereof, styryl aryl phosphate esters, docusates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfates, alkyl sarcosinates, α-olefin sulfonic acid sodium salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates or salts thereof, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sulfosuccinates, polyacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate esters, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl phosphate esters, sulfosuccinate-monoesters and other diesters, phosphate esters, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates such as isopropyl and butyl derivatives. , alkyl ether sulfates - sodium and ammonium salts; alkyl aryl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphate salts, monoalkyl sulfosuccinates, aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonates, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, magnesium lauryl ether sulfate, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, carboxylates, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, lecithin, potassium lauryl sulfate, soap, soap substitutes, sodium alkyl sulfate, dodecyl Sodium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium lauryl polyether sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cinnamyl sulfate, sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, sodium terephthalic acid sulfate, alkyl carboxylates, sodium stearate, α-olefin sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate fatty acid salts, naphthalenesulfonate concentrate-sodium salt, fluorocarboxylates, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate concentrate-sodium salt, formaldehyde condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid or alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensed salt; or their salts, derivatives.

[0055] Cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: dialkyldimethylammonium chloride, alkylmethylethoxylated ammonium chloride or salt, dodecyl-, coconut-, hexadecyl-, octadecyl-, octadecyl / behenyl-, behenyl-, cocamidopropyl-, trimethylammonium chloride; coconut-, stearyl-, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, alkyl-, tetradecyl-, octadecyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl-, di(octyl-decyl)-, didecyl-, hexadecyl-distearyl-, di(hydrogenated tallow)-dimethylammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow)benzyl-, trioctyl-, tri(octyl-decyl)-, tridodecyl-, trihexadecyl-methylammonium chloride. , dodecyltrimethyl-, dodecyldimethylbenzyl-, di-(octyl-decyl)dimethyl, didecyldimethylammonium bromide, quaternized amine ethoxylate, behentrimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzododecanium bromide, bronidol, quaternary ammonium salt, carboxypentane bromide, cetaxonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetrimonium chloride, hexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyl ammonium chloride chloride, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium chloride, domiphen bromide, lauryl methyl glucose ether-10 hydroxypropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, olaflu, N-oleyl-1,3-propylenediamine, bean toxin, stearyl chloride, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tongzhao bromide; salt or its derivatives.

[0056] Nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: polyol esters, polyol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters, polyethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols, EO / PO copolymers; EO and PO block copolymers, di- and tri-block copolymers; block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poloxamers, polysorbates, alkyl polysaccharides such as alkyl polyglycosides and mixtures thereof, amine ethoxylates, sorbitan fatty acid esters, ethylene glycol and glycerol esters, glycoside alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycols, sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan derivatives, sorbitan fatty acid esters (Spans) and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tweens) and sucrose fatty acid esters, Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Decyl Glucoside, Decyl Polyglucose, Glyceryl Monostearate, Lauryl Glucoside, Maltoside, Glyceryl Monolaurate, Narrow Range Ethoxylates, Nonad P-40, Nonoxynol-9, Nonoxynol, Octaethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether, N-Octyl Beta-D-Thiopyranoglucopyranoside, Octyl Glucoside, Oleyl Alcohol, PEG-10 Sunflower Glycerides, Pentaethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether, Polydocanol, Poloxamer, Poloxamer 407, Polyethoxylated Tallowamine, Polyglyceryl Polyricinoleate, Polysorbates, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, Sorbitan Derivatives, Sorbitan Sepia Monolaurate, Sorbitan Monostearate, Sorbitan Tristearate, Stearic Acid Alcohol, lauric acid glyceryl, lauryl glucoside, nonylphenol polyethoxyethanol, nonylphenol polyglycol ether, castor oil ethoxylate, polyethylene glycol ether, addition polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block copolymer of polyalkylene glycol ether and hydroxystearic acid, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol, ethoxylated alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, fatty acid polyglycerol ester, fatty acid alcohol polyglycol ether, oxyalkylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene styryl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid ester, Alcohol ethoxylates - C6 to C16 / 18 alcohols, linear and branched, alcohol alkoxylates - various hydrophobes and EO / PO content and ratios, fatty acid esters - mono- and diesters; lauric, stearic and oleic; glycerides - with and without EO; lauric, stearic, cocoa and tall oil derived, ethoxylated glycerol, sorbitan esters - with and without EO; based on lauric, stearic and oleic acids; mono- and triesters, castor oil ethoxylates - 5 to 200 mol EO; non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated, block polymers, amine oxide-ethoxylated and non-ethoxylated; alkyl dimethyl fatty amine ethoxylates - coconut oil, tallow, stearin, oleylamine, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil or polyoxypropylene fatty acid esters; salts or derivatives thereof.

[0057] Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants include one or more but are not limited to betaine, coconut oil and lauryl aminopropyl betaine, coconut oil alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, alkyl dimethyl betaine, C8 to C18, dipropionate alkyl ester-sodium lauryl aminodipropionate, cocoamidopropyl hydroxysulfonate, imidazoline, phospholipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, lauryl dimethylamine oxide, alkyl amphoacetates and propionates, alkyl ampho(di)acetates and dipropionates, fatty egg phosphatidyl amide and ethanol; or their salts, derivatives.

[0058] Surfactants commercially available under the trademarks, but not limited to one or more of the following: Atlas G5000, TERMUL5429, TERMUL 2510, 118. C 100, EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer8261, Hypermer B239, HypermerB261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS15, Promulgen TM D. Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, Cetomacrogol 1000, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton N-101, Triton X-100, Tween 20,40,60,65,80,Span20,40,60,80,83,85,120, Atlox 4912, Atlas G5000, TERMUL 3512, TERMUL3015, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, T85, T20、TERIC12A4、 118. OX-080, C 100, EL200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS 15, Promulgen TMD. Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etoca s 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton TM N-101, IGEPAL CA-630 and Isoceteth-20.

[0059] However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known surfactants may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.Surfactants are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the dispersant used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol, phenol naphthalene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, lignin derivatives, dibutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, alkyl aryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty acid and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene styrene phenyl ether sulfate salt and the like and alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts thereof, polyoxyethylene styrene phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester, the like, a mixture of sodium salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid urea formaldehyde concentrate and sodium salt of phenolsulfonic acid formaldehyde concentrate, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated linear alcohols, polyaromatic hydrocarbon sulfonates, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates, glycerides, maleic anhydride Ammonium salts of copolymers, phosphates, salts of addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, polycarboxylates, sodium salts of condensed phenol sulfonates and naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde concentrates, sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde concentrates, ammonium salts of sulfonated naphthalene, polyacrylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphates; fatty alcohol ethoxylates; alkyl ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; graft copolymers, sulfonated naphthalene ammonium salts, polyacrylates, salts and derivatives thereof, polymethyl methacrylate / acrylic acid graft copolymers and derivatives thereof, nonylphenol ethoxylates and derivatives thereof, castor oil-based ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, lanolin alcohol ethoxylates, polyol ethoxylates, phosphates and derivatives thereof, stearic acid and derivatives thereof, oleic fatty acids, vegetable fatty acids, tallow fatty acid ethoxylates.

[0062] Commercially available dispersants include: "Morwet D425" (sodium formaldehyde concentrate from Nouryon, USA) "Morwet EFW" sulfated alkyl carboxylates and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates-sodium salts "Tamol PP" (sodium salt of phenolsulfonic acid concentrate) "Reax 80N" (sodium lignin sulfonate) "Wettol D1" sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (from BASF). However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known dispersants may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Dispersants are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.1-60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.1-30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount of 3-20% w / w of the total composition.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the wetting agent used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, phenol naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and its salt, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of sulfonated alkyl carboxylic acid, polyoxyalkylated ethylphenol, polyoxyethoxylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethoxylated fatty amine, lignin derivative, alkane sulfonate or its salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, polycarboxylate, sulfosuccinate salt, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfonate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether sulfate and alkyl sulfosuccinic acid monoester, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl polysaccharides, or one or more of its salts or derivatives. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other conventionally known wetting agents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. The wetting agent is commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1%-60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1%-40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1%-30% w / w of the total composition.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the emulsifier used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, alkylated benzene sulfonates, ethoxylated or alkoxylated tristyrylphenol, alkoxylated copolymers, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid derivatives, sorbitol derivatives, castor oil ethoxylates and derivatives, ethoxylated phenols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, nonylphenol alkoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphates (e.g., PEG10PPG 5 hexadecyl phosphate), polyvinyl alcohol, PVP, lignin sulfonates, polyacrylates, polysorbates, polycarboxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, and one or more of their alkylaryl sulfonate derivatives. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other conventionally known wetting agents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Emulsifiers are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0067] Emulsifiers used in the insecticide composition include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: Atlas G5000, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, 118. C 100, EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS 15, Promulgen TMD. Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton TM N-101,Tween 20,40,60,65,80,Span20,40,60,80,83,85,120, Triton TM Atlox 4912, Atlas G5000, TERMUL 3512, TERMUL 3015, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, T85, T20,TERIC 12A4, 118, C 100, EL 200,Arlacel P135,Hypermer 8261,Hypermer B239,Hypermer B261,Hypermer B246sf,Solutol HS 15,Promulgen TM D, Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokac R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton TM N-101, Tween 20, 40, 60, 65, 80 and Span 20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85, 120. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known emulsifiers may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Emulsifiers are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1%-60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1%-50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of 0.1%-30% w / w of the total composition.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the solvent used in the pesticide composition includes a water-miscible solvent or a water-immiscible solvent.

[0070] Water-soluble solvents include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, capramide, dimethoxyethane, dimethyloctylamide, dimethylcapramide, water, propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol ethers and derivatives thereof, glycerol, sorbitol, dimethylcapramide, dimethylcapramide, dimethyloctylamide, dimethyloctylamide, monobutyl ether, general ethylene glycol and glycol ethers, alkylene carbonate, n-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other water-miscible solvents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1-95% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1-60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1-40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1-30% w / w of the total composition.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to inorganic water-soluble salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, nitrate, acetate, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate; water-insoluble organic compounds such as microcrystalline cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl calcium, cellulose powder; sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, metal stearate, dextrin, methacrylate copolymer, (cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone), polyaminocarboxylic acid, sulfonated styrene-isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylate or methacrylate, starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate / carbonate or its mixture or salt or salt formed with acid such as citric acid and fumaric acid; phenol naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sulfonated alkyl carboxylic acid sodium salt, polyoxyalkyl ethyl phenol, polyoxyethoxy fatty alcohol, polyoxyethoxy fatty alcohol amine, lignin derivative, alkane sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, polycarboxylate, sulfosuccinate salt, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfonate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether sulfate and alkyl sulfosuccinic acid monoester, lignin sulfonate and its salt derivatives one or more. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that different disintegrants can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Disintegrants are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the adhesive or bonding agent used in the insecticide composition, but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, lactose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starch, dextrin, lignin sulfonate and bentonite, carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, clay, kaolin, attapulgite, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, polyacrylate, polycarboxylate, carbomer, derivatives and combinations thereof One or more. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that different bonding agents can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Adhesives are commercially manufactured and can be obtained by various companies.

[0075] According to an embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the binder is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the carrier used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a solid carrier or a filler or a diluent. According to another embodiment, the carrier includes a mineral carrier, a plant carrier, a synthetic carrier, a water-soluble carrier. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that different carriers may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. These carriers are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0077] Solid carriers include natural minerals such as clays such as bentonite, china clay, acid clay, dolomite, kaolin such as kaolinite, dickite, nacrite and halloysite, synthetic silica and diatomite, montmorillonite minerals such as sodium montmorillonite, smectite such as saponite, hectorite, sauconite, diaspore, pyrophyllite, talc, analcime, muscovite, mica, sericite, illite and other micas, cristobalite, attapulgite, sepiolite and other silicas; vermiculite, laponite, pumice, perlite, volcanic clay, vermiculite, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, charcoal, silica, powdered silica, fused silica, hydrophobic silica, wet silica, dry silica, calcined products of wet silica, surface-modified silica, mica, zeolite, diatomaceous earth and their derivatives; fly ash, Bleaching earth, loess, saltpeter, white carbon, slaked lime, synthetic silicic acid, starch, modified starch (Pineflow, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), sucrose, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, kaolin 1777, lactose, maltodextrin, dextrin, sorbitol; lignin sulfonates such as ammonium salts, sodium salts, calcium salts, zinc salts. Water-insoluble carriers include, but are not limited to, clay, microcrystalline cellulose, perlite, volcanic ash, mica, calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, saponite, starch, hydrophobic or hydrophilic modified starch, calcium phosphate. Water-soluble salts, such as sodium bicarbonate, citrate, nitrate, sulfate, hexametaphosphate, phosphate, ammonium salts such as sulfate, phosphate, magnesium sulfate. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that different solid carriers may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Solid carriers are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 98% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 80% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 60% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the anti-caking agent used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to precipitated silica, fumed silica, hydrophobically modified silica, perlite, mica, talc, soapstone, magnesium aluminum silicate, clay, calcium silicate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium trisilicate, fumed silica (white carbon black), ester gum, petroleum resin, Soap L sodium stearate, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, sodium aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, calcium phosphate or one or more of its derivatives. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that different anti-caking agents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Anti-caking agents are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the defoamer or defoaming agent used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to one or more of silicon dioxide, siloxane, silicon dioxide, polydimethylsiloxane and its derivatives, vegetable oil, petroleum oil, paraffin oil, polyethylene glycol, silicone oil and magnesium stearate or its derivatives. Preferred defoamers include silicone emulsions (e.g., from Rhodia SRE, Wacker, or ), long chain alcohols, fatty acids. Non-silicone defoamers may also be used. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known defoamers may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Defoamers are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the defoaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the defoaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the defoaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the defoaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the pH regulator or buffer or neutralizer used in the insecticide composition includes organic or inorganic type acids and bases and mixtures thereof. According to a further embodiment, the pH regulator or buffer or neutralizer includes but is not limited to one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids and alkali metal compounds or their salts and derivatives. According to one embodiment, the organic acid includes but is not limited to acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, phytic acid or their salts, derivatives, and one or more of the monosalts, disalts or trisalts of these acids or their derivatives. Alkali metal compounds include, but are not limited to, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, alkali metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, borax, sodium borate; calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, magnesium oxide, lime, potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof. According to one embodiment, organic acid salts include, but are not limited to, one or more alkali metal salts, such as sodium citrate, etc. The mixture can also be used to make a pH adjuster or a buffer or a neutralizer. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known pH adjusters or buffers or neutralizers can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. pH adjusters or buffers or neutralizers are commercially manufactured and can be obtained through various companies.

[0083] According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the spreading agent used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: silicone surfactants, copolymers of maleic acid and styrene compounds, (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, half esters of polymers composed of polyols and dicarboxylic anhydrides, water-soluble salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, vegetable oils such as cottonseed, or inorganic oils, petroleum distillates, modified trisiloxanes, polyethylene glycols, polyethers, polyoxyalkylated ethylphenols, polyoxyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethoxylated fatty amines, alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfonates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl polysaccharides, vegetable oils, mineral oils, petroleum, silicone oils, siloxanes, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene polyol fatty acid esters, polyol alcohol fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene alkylamines, alkyl l polyglycosides and glycidyl ethers are preferred. Examples of polyols constituting the nonionic surfactant include diols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol or 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, triols such as glycerol, inclusion compounds or salts or derivatives thereof. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other conventionally known spreading agents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Spreading agents are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the adhesive used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to one or more of silicon-based surfactants, mineral oils, vegetable oils, petroleum, silicone oils, emulsifiers, fish oils or fatty acid soaps or emulsified vegetable oils. Carboxymethyl cellulose and natural and synthetic polymers such as gum arabic, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, carbomer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl acetate, lecithin, carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic polymers, paraffin, polyamide resins, polyacrylates, polyoxyethylene, waxes, polyvinyl alkyl ethers, alkylphenol-formalin concentrates, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, vegetable oils such as cottonseed or inorganic oils, petroleum distillates, modified trisiloxanes, polyethylene glycols, polyethers, inclusion compounds, synthetic resin emulsions or their salts or derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known adhesives may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Adhesives are commercially manufactured and can be obtained by various companies. According to one embodiment, adhesives may be present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0087] According to one embodiment, the stabilizer used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, alkyl glyoxylates such as ethyl glyoxylate, zeolite, EDTA and chelating agents, sequestrants, antioxidants such as sodium bisulfite, sodium pyrosulfite, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid and salts thereof; phenolic compounds, etc.; UV absorbers such as benzophenone compounds or their derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known stabilizers may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Stabilizers are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the preservative used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of bactericides, antifungals, biocides, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include one or more of the following: parabens and their esters and salts, propionic acid and its salts, 2,4-hexadienoic acid (sorbic acid) and its salts, formaldehyde and polyformaldehyde, 2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and its salts, inorganic preservatives, sulfites and bisulfites, sodium iodate, chlorobutanol, 1,6-bis (4-amidino-2-bromophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts, 5-amino-1,3-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -5-methylhexahydropyrimidine, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, 5-chloro-2- (2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol), N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N'- (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 4-chloro-m-cresol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 1,1'-methylene-bis(3-(1-hydroxymethyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolin-5-yl)urea), 2-phenoxyethanol, hexamethylenetetramine, 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azol-tricyclo-adamantane chloride, 1(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, benzyl alcohol, pyridoneethanolamine salt, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane , 2,2'-methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), bromochlorophenol, dichlorophenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 2-chloroacetamide, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol, N-alkyl(C12-C22)trimethylammonium bromide and chloride, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolin-4-yl)-N'-hydroxymethylurea, 1,6-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts, glutaraldehyde, 5-ethyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propane- 1,2-diols, hydroxylamine, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium bromide, alkyl (C8-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium saccharinate, benzyl hemiformal, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, sodium hydroxymethylaminoacetate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, acetic acid, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, 2H-isothiazolone derivatives (so-called isothiazolone derivatives), such as alkylisothiazolones (such as 2-methyl-2H-isothiazolone-3-one, MIT; 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolin-3-one, CIT), benzisothiazolones (such as 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, BIT, type commercially available from ICI) or 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MTIT), C1-C4-alkyl parabens, a dichlorophenol, or from ThorChemie RS and from Rohm&Haas MK, Bacto-100, sodium propionate, sodium benzoate, propyl paraben, sodium propyl paraben, potassium sorbate, potassium benzoate, phenyl ethanol, sodium, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben, butyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, 1,2-benzothiazol-3-one, Butylated hydroxytoluene, potassium sorbate, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethyl carbonate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, p-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal, benzimidazole compounds and benzothiazole compounds such as 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, 2-thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, 1-(2-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,3- dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1-(2-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole and α-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol; and naturally occurring compounds such as 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol) and borax or its salts or derivatives. Antioxidants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: sodium or potassium bisulfite, sulfites, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, imidazole and imidazole derivatives (e.g., urocanic acid), 4,4'-thiobis-6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), and pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5,-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)]propionate; amine antioxidants such as N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; hydroquinoline antioxidants such as 2,5-di(tert-amyl)hydroquinoline; phosphorus-containing antioxidants such as triphenylphosphopropylthiouracil, hydroquinone and its derivatives (e.g., arbutin); ), ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, ascorbyl palmitate, stearate, dipalmitate, acetate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, disodium ascorbyl phosphate and sulfate, potassium ascorbyl tocopherol phosphate, isoascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, disodium rutyl disulfate, butylated hydroxytoluene, 4,4-thiobis-6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, butylated hydroxyanisole, p-octylphenol, mono(di- or tri)methylbenzylphenol, 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, pentaerythritol-tetrakis 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, butylated hydroxyanisole, trihydroxybutyrophenone and its products. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other conventionally known preservatives may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Preservatives are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0090] According to an embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or antifungal agent or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or antifungal agent or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or antifungal agent or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or antifungal agent or biocide or antimicrobial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the structurant used in the pesticide composition includes but is not limited to one or more of a thickener, a viscosity modifier, a tackifier, a suspension aid, a rheology modifier or an anti-settling agent. The structurant can prevent the active ingredient particles from settling after long-term storage.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the structurant used in the composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more polymers, such as polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polysaccharides, modified cellulose derivatives, copolymers of cellulose derivatives, carboxyvinyl or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof; clays, such as bentonite, kaolin, montmorillonite, attapulgite, clay, veegum, vangel with high surface area, silica and natural gums, such as guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, rhamnose gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, brussel gum, dextrin, polyacrylic acid and its sodium salt; fumed silica, a mixture of fumed silica and fumed alumina, swellable polymers, swelling clays, polyamides or derivatives thereof; polyols, such as poly(vinyl acetate), sodium polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), phospholipids (such as cephalin, etc.); stachyose, oligofructose, amylose, pectin, alginate, hydrocolloids and mixtures thereof. Also, cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose; starch, starch acetate, starch hydroxyethyl ether, ionic starch, long-chain alkyl starch, dextrin, maltodextrin, corn starch, amine starch, phosphate starch and dialdehyde starch; plant starch such as corn starch and potato starch; other carbohydrates such as pectin, amylopectin, xylan, glycogen, agar, gluten, alginic acid, algin, chitosan or its derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known structurants may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0093] Preferred structurants include one or more of xanthan gum, aluminum silicate, methylcellulose, polysaccharides, alkaline earth metal silicates, magnesium aluminum silicate, bentonite, attapulgite, kaolin, and polyvinyl alcohol. Structurants are commercially manufactured and available from a variety of companies.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 4% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 3% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 2% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the structurant is present in an amount of 0.01% to 0.1% w / w of the composition.

[0095] According to one embodiment, the antifreeze or depressant used in the liquid suspension composition include but are not limited to polyols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, monohydric alcohol or polyol, glycol ether, glycol ether, glycol monoether, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl ether of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, glycol diether, such as methyl and ethyl diether of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, carbohydrate, such as one or more of glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, xylose, arabinose, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, raffinose or its derivatives. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that different antifreezes can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Antifreeze is commercially manufactured and can be obtained by various companies.

[0096] According to one embodiment, the chelating agent or complexing agent or multivalent sequestrant used in the insecticide composition includes but is not limited to lignin sulfonate, polycarboxylic acid such as polyacrylic acid and various hydrolyzed poly (methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride); N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid and N,N,N',N",N"-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; α-hydroxy acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconic acid; orthophosphates such as trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate; condensed phosphates such as sodium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, etc. Tetrasodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tetrapolyphosphate; 5-sulfo-8-hydroxyquinoline; and 3,5-disulfocatechol, polycarboxylates, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA), ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) acid (EDDHA), cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA), polyvinylamine polyacetic acid, lignin sulfonate, Ca-, K-, Na- and ammonium lignin sulfonate, fulvic acid, uric acid, citric acid, cyclodextrin, phytic acid, humic acid, pyrophosphate salts, one or more. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other chelating agents or complexing agents or sesquichelating agents may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Chelating agents or complexing agents or sesquichelating agents are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the penetrant used in the insecticide composition includes, but is not limited to, alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycol ether, ester, amine, alkanolamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium compound, triglyceride, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane hexaoleate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane trioleate, ethoxylated triglyceride, ethoxylated polyol ester, alkoxylated alkanol and alkoxylated triglyceride fatty acid ester, fatty acid ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane monooleate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane dioleate, polyoxyethylene trimethylolpropane trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that different penetrants may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. The penetrant is commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the ultraviolet absorber is selected from but not limited to zinc oxide, titanium oxide, lignin sulfonate, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxazole diphenylamine, succinic acid dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium condensate, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, etc. The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.The present invention also can be used for the preparation of the present invention.

[0099] According to one embodiment, the UV scattering agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, etc. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that different UV scattering agents or mixtures thereof can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Such UV scattering agents are commercially manufactured and available through various companies.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the humectant is selected from but not limited to polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymers, in particular block copolymers, such as one or more of the Synperonic PE series copolymers or their salts and derivatives available from Uniqema. Other humectants include propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, etc.; polyol compounds such as propylene glycol ethers and their derivatives. Other humectants also include calcium chloride, sodium lactate, urea, polydextrose, sodium metaphosphate, amino acids such as proline; triacetin, etc. The above-mentioned nonionic surfactants can also be used as humectants. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventionally known humectants can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Wetting agents are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0101] According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 70% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 60% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 50% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the wetting agent is present in the range of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the pesticide composition may include at least one additional active ingredient. According to one embodiment, the active ingredient may include at least one of a pesticide active substance; a nutrient selected from macronutrients, micronutrients; a biostimulant; a fertilizer; a plant growth regulator; a microorganism; algae; bacterial spores; and mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other further active ingredients may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0103] According to further embodiments, the pesticide active substance may be one or more. According to further embodiments, the pesticide active substance may be one or more of an antifoulant, an insecticide, a fungicide, a herbicide, a nematicide, a pheromone, a defoliant, a scabicide, a plant growth regulator, an algaecide, an antifeedant, an avicide, a bactericide, a bird repellent, a biopesticide, a biocide, a chemical sterilant, a safener, an insect attractant, an insect repellent, an insect growth regulator, a mammal repellent, a mating disruptor, a disinfectant, a molluscicide, an antibacterial agent, a miticide, an ovicide, a fumigant, a plant activator, a rodenticide, a synergist, a viricide, a microbial insecticide, a plant incorporation protectant, one or more of other miscellaneous pesticide active substances or salts or derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof, etc. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other pesticide active substances may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0104] According to one embodiment, the additional active ingredient may be present in a concentration range of 0.1% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition.

[0105] It has surprisingly been found that the insecticide composition of the present invention has enhanced and improved physical properties of dispersibility, suspensibility, wettability, viscosity, pourability, providing ease of handling and also reducing the loss of material while handling the product at the time of packaging and during field application.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the liquid composition is determined according to CIPAC MT-192. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 3000 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the liquid composition is determined according to CIPAC MT-192. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 50 cps to about 3000 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 50 cps to about 2000 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 2500 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 2000 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 1500 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 1200 cps at 25°C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 500 cps at 25° C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about less than 500 cps at 25° C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 400 cps at 25° C. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 300 cps at 25° C.

[0107] According to one embodiment, the liquid suspension composition of the present invention is easily pourable. Pourability is a measure of the percentage of residue.

[0108] According to an embodiment, the pourability of the composition is determined according to CIPAC MT-148.1. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the insecticide composition is less than 5% residual. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the insecticide composition is preferably less than 2.5% residual. According to a further embodiment, the pourability of the insecticide composition is more preferably less than 2.0% residual.

[0109] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 30%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 40%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of at least 99%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a dispersibility of 100%. The dispersibility of the composition of the present application is determined according to standard CIPAC test MT174.

[0110] Suspensibility is defined as the amount of active ingredient suspended in a liquid column of a specified height after a given time, expressed as a percentage of the amount of active ingredient in the original suspension. The suspension test is carried out according to the CIPAC manual "MT 184 Suspensibility Test".

[0111] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 30%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 40%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition has a suspension rate of at least 99%. According to one embodiment, the suspension rate of the insecticide composition is 100%.

[0112] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits excellent stability in terms of suspensibility under accelerated storage conditions (ATS). According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 90% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 80% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 70% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 60% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 50% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 40% suspensibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 30% suspensibility under ATS.

[0113] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 90% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 80% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 70% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 60% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 50% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 40% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits at least 30% dispersibility under ATS.

[0114] Wettability is the condition or state of being wettable and can be defined as the degree to which a solid is wetted by a liquid, measured by the adhesion between the solid and liquid phases. The wettability of granular compositions is measured using the standard CIPAC test MT-53, which describes a procedure for determining the complete wetting time of a wettable formulation. A weighed amount of the granular composition is dropped from a specific height onto water in a beaker and the time to complete wetting is measured. According to another embodiment, the insecticide composition in the form of water dispersible granules, spheroidized granules or broadcasting granules or water disintegrable granules has a wettability of less than 2 minutes. According to another embodiment, the wettability is less than 1 minute. According to another embodiment, the insecticide composition has a wettability of less than 30 seconds.

[0115] According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits excellent stability to heat, light, temperature and caking. According to one embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits stability for at least 3 years. According to a further embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits stability for at least 2 years. According to a further embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits stability for at least 1 year. According to a further embodiment, the insecticide composition exhibits stability for at least 6 months.

[0116] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing the insecticide composition of the present invention, which composition comprises elemental sulfur present in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition, choline salt of nonanoic acid present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0117] According to another embodiment, the pesticide composition in the form of water-dispersible granules or spheronized granules is prepared by various techniques, such as spray drying, fluidized bed granulation, pan granulation, pin agglomerator, spheronizer, freeze drying, etc. The granules can also be extruded by an extruder to obtain extruded granules.

[0118] According to one embodiment, the process of preparing a water-dispersible granular insecticide composition comprises: grinding a mixture of elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture. According to one embodiment, the method of preparing a water-dispersible granular insecticide composition particularly comprises: grinding a mixture of elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid, and then adding at least one filler or carrier and at least one excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture. Choline salt of nonanoic acid can be added to the mixture of elemental sulfur and at least one excipient before or after grinding the mixture to obtain a wet mixture. The obtained wet mixture is then dried, for example in a spray dryer, a fluidized bed dryer or any suitable granulation equipment, and then sieved to remove undersized and oversized particles to obtain water-dispersible particles of the desired size. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the process or process parameters can be modified or transformed or changed to obtain a water-dispersible granular composition without departing from the scope of the present invention. Water is added to the dry powder and the mixture is mixed to obtain a wet mass, which is then extruded through an extruder to obtain particles of the desired size. The particles can also be formed by hot melt extrusion. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the process or process parameters may be modified or altered or varied to obtain a particle composition without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0119] The granules obtained from the granulator may also be dried in the open air or in the air to remove any residual moisture, if any. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the process or process parameters may be modified or altered or varied without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0120] According to another embodiment, the present invention further relates to a method for preparing spheroidized particles, the method comprising grinding a mixture of elemental sulfur, choline salt of nonanoic acid and at least one excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture. The process particularly comprises grinding a mixture of elemental sulfur and choline salt of nonanoic acid, and then adding at least one excipient to obtain a wet mixture. According to one embodiment, the composition comprises at least one filler or carrier in the preparation process of preparing the composition. Choline salt of nonanoic acid can be added to a mixture of elemental sulfur and at least one excipient before or after grinding the mixture to obtain a wet mixture. The wet mixture obtained is then dried, for example in a spray dryer, a fluidized bed dryer or any suitable granulation equipment, and then sieved to remove undersized and oversized particles to obtain particles. The powder or fine particles are further agglomerated in an agglomerator to obtain particles having a size of about 0.1 mm to 6 mm. The agglomerator may include various equipment, such as a disc granulator or a disc granulator, a pin agglomerator, a spheroidizer or a combination thereof.

[0121] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a wettable powder composition. The method comprises mixing a choline salt of nonanoic acid with an excipient using a material mixer to form a dry substance. Further, elemental sulfur and other ingredients are added to the mixture, and the mixture is passed through a jet mill to obtain a powder having a desired particle size.

[0122] According to another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a liquid suspension composition.

[0123] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a liquid suspension insecticide composition, the method comprising: homogenizing a mixture of a choline salt of elemental sulfur nonanoic acid and at least one excipient to obtain a suspension; wet grinding the obtained suspension to obtain a liquid suspension composition. After grinding the mixture of elemental sulfur and at least one excipient to obtain a suspension, the choline salt of nonanoic acid may also be added to the suspension. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the process or process parameters may be modified or transformed or changed without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0124] According to one embodiment, the gel composition of the present invention is prepared by adding a larger amount of viscosity modifier to the suspension concentrate or liquid suspension composition. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the process or process parameters may be modified or altered or changed to obtain the gel composition without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0125] According to one embodiment, the present invention further relates to a method for preparing a pesticide composition in the form of an oil dispersant. The process comprises: mixing oil, choline salt of nonanoic acid and elemental sulfur; one or more emulsifiers or surfactants and optionally one or more other agrochemical excipients such as rheology modifiers under high shear, thereby grinding the sample to a desired particle size to obtain an oil dispersant composition. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the process or process parameters may be modified or transformed or changed to obtain an oil dispersant composition without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method of using the composition.

[0127] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting crops, controlling plant pathogens, controlling pests, improving crop health and growth, increasing crop yield, and strengthening plants, the method comprising treating at least one of plants, crops, plant propagation materials, sites or parts thereof, seeds, seedlings, or surrounding soil with an insecticide composition, the insecticide composition comprising elemental sulfur present in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition and choline salt of nonanoic acid present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition. The composition can be sprayed directly onto the plant, such as its leaves, or applied to the plant propagation material, or applied to its location before the plant is sown or planted.

[0128] The composition is applied by a variety of methods. The method of application to the soil includes any suitable method that ensures the composition penetrates into the soil, such as seedling tray application, furrow application, soil drench, soil injection, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, seed treatment, seed coating, etc. The composition is particularly applied in the form of foliar spray.

[0129] The application rate or dosage of the composition depends on the type of use, crop type, or the specific active ingredient in the composition, but an effective amount of the pesticidally active ingredient will provide the desired effect (eg, crop protection, crop yield).

[0130] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention is synergistic in nature and provides good control of plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria compared to the application of individual active substances. It is also noted that the composition of the present invention also exhibits herbicidal activity. In addition, such combinations help improve crop yields, crop characteristics, etc. Therefore, it has been observed that the composition of the present invention exhibits enhanced, effective and superior behavior in the field at reduced dosages.

[0131] A. Preparation Example

[0132] The following examples illustrate the basic methodology and versatility of the compositions of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples and can be extrapolated to the entire desired concentration range of the components.

[0133] Example 1: A water dispersible granular composition comprising 40% elemental sulfur and 30% choline nonanoate:

[0134] A water dispersible granular composition is prepared by mixing 40 parts of elemental sulfur, 30 parts of choline nonanoate, 15 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 10 parts of lignin sulfonate and 5 parts of naphthalene sulfonate. The obtained blend is ground to obtain a powder having a particle size of less than 50 microns. The powder is mixed with water in a suitable mixing device to form a slurry or wet mixture. The obtained slurry is wet ground in a suitable wet grinding device. The obtained wet ground slurry is spray dried under conditions of an inlet temperature of less than 140° C. and an outlet temperature of less than 90° C. to obtain a granular powder. The composition has a particle size of about 12 microns and a particle size of 1.5 mm. The composition has a dispersibility of 80%, a suspensibility of 85% and a wettability of less than 20 seconds. The composition further exhibits a suspensibility of about 75% and a dispersibility of about 78% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0135] Example 2. A water dispersible granule composition comprising 25% elemental sulfur and 40% choline nonanoate.

[0136] Granules were prepared by mixing 25 parts elemental sulfur, 40 parts choline nonanoate, 15 parts metal silicate, 2 parts silicon dioxide, 10 parts lignin sulfonate, 4 parts phenol naphthalene sulfonate concentrate and 4 parts china clay as described in Example 1. The composition had a particle size of about 18 microns and a particle size of 2.0 mm. The composition had a dispersibility of 70%, a suspensibility of 65%, and a wettability of less than 40 seconds. The composition further exhibited a dispersibility of 75% and a suspensibility of about 80% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0137] Example 3. Water dispersible granular composition of 90% elemental sulfur and 1% choline nonanoate.

[0138] Granules were prepared as described in Example 1 by mixing 90 parts elemental sulfur, 1 part choline nonanoate, 5 parts naphthalenesulfonate concentrate and 4 parts polycarboxylate. The composition had a particle size of about 8 microns and a particle size of 1.5 millimeters. The composition had a dispersibility of 90%, a suspensibility of 95%, and a wettability of less than 20 seconds. The composition further exhibited a dispersibility of 85% and a suspensibility of about 90% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0139] Example 4. Extruded granular composition of 70% elemental sulfur and 10% choline nonanoate.

[0140] Extruded particles were prepared by mixing 70 parts of elemental sulfur, 10 parts of choline nonanoate, 5 parts of sodium phenylsulfonate, 6 parts of silicon dioxide, 5 parts of sodium salt of fatty acids and 4 parts of china clay. The obtained blend was dry ground to obtain a mixture of desired particle size. Water was added to the mixture to form a dough and extruded to obtain extruded particles. The composition had a particle size of about 25 microns and a particle size of about 5.5 millimeters. The composition had a dispersibility of 85%, a suspensibility of 75%, a wet sieve retention value of 0.3%, and a wettability of less than 60 seconds. The composition further exhibited a dispersibility of 79% and a suspensibility of about 70% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0141] Example 5: Extruded granular composition of 40% elemental sulfur and 25% choline nonanoate.

[0142] Extruded particles were prepared according to Example 3 and included 40 parts elemental sulfur, 25 parts choline nonanoate, 10 parts metal silicate, 10 parts lignin sulfonate, 12 parts kaolin and 3 parts naphthalene sulfonate concentrate. The composition had a particle size of about 20 microns and a particle size of about 4 millimeters. The composition had a dispersibility of 55%, a suspensibility of 55% and a wettability of less than 65 seconds. The composition further exhibited a dispersibility of 45% and a suspensibility of about 49% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0143] Example 6: Spheroidized particle composition of 40% elemental sulfur and 30% choline nonanoate.

[0144] The composition is prepared by mixing 40 parts of elemental sulfur and 30 parts of choline nonanoate, 14 parts of silicon dioxide, 6 parts of naphthalene sulfonate concentrate and 10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate to obtain a blend. The obtained blend is ground to obtain a powder with a particle size of less than 50 microns. The powder is mixed with water in a suitable mixing device to form a slurry. The obtained slurry is wet-milled in a suitable wet-milling device. The obtained wet-milled slurry is spray-dried at an inlet temperature of less than 180°C and an outlet temperature of less than 85°C to obtain a granular powder with less moisture. The spray-dried powder thus obtained is agglomerated in a fluidized bed dryer and subsequently a pin agglomerator and a pan granulator. The speed of the pan granulator is maintained at about 35 rpm to obtain an agricultural granular composition. Water is added during agglomeration. The obtained granules are then further dried in a post-fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of about 70°C to remove residual moisture. The particle size of the sample is 5 mm and the particle size is 25 microns. The granular composition had a wettability of less than 100 seconds, a suspensibility of 49% and a dispersibility of 45%. The composition further exhibited a dispersibility of 38% and a suspensibility of about 40% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0145] Example 7: Wettable powder composition of 80% elemental sulfur and 2% acetylcholine nonanoate.

[0146] The wettable powder is prepared as follows: 2 parts of acetylcholine nonanoate are mixed with 5 parts of kaolin and 13 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, mixed into dry matter using a material mixer, and then 80 parts of elemental sulfur are added, and the mixture is formed into a particle size of less than 30 microns by jet milling. The composition has a suspensibility of 50% and a dispersibility of 45%. The composition further exhibits a dispersibility of 40% and a suspensibility of about 44% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0147] Example 8: Liquid suspension composition of 35% elemental sulfur and 25% choline nonanoate.

[0148] The liquid suspension composition is prepared as follows: 35 parts of elemental sulfur, 25 parts of choline nonanoate, 6 parts of monoethylene glycol, 4 parts of tristyrylphenol esters, 0.5 parts of sodium benzoate and 29.34 parts of water are mixed and fed into a container equipped with a stirring facility until the total mixture is uniform. Subsequently, the obtained suspension is passed through a wet mill to obtain a suspension with a particle size of 7 microns. Then, 0.16 parts of xanthan gum are added under continuous homogenization to obtain a suspension concentrate. The composition has a suspension of about 95%, a dispersibility of 90%, a viscosity of about 550cps, and a pourability of less than 1.5. The composition has a suspension of about 89%, a dispersibility of 90% and a viscosity of about 600cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0149] Example 9: Liquid suspension composition comprising 55% elemental sulfur and 0.7% choline nonanoate.

[0150] The suspension was prepared as in Example 7 and included 55 parts of elemental sulfur, 0.7 parts of choline nonanoate, 4 parts of naphthalenesulfonate concentrate, 5 parts of monoethylene glycol, 0.13 parts of xanthan gum, 0.1 parts of benzisothiazolinone and 35.07 parts of water. The composition had a particle size of about 10 microns, a suspensibility of about 87%, a dispersibility of 90%, a viscosity of about 800 cps and a pourability of less than 1.7%. The composition had a suspensibility of about 80%, a dispersibility of 85% and a viscosity of about 850 cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0151] Example 10: Liquid suspension composition comprising 55% elemental sulfur and 3.45% choline nonanoate.

[0152] The suspension was prepared according to Example 7 and included 55 parts of elemental sulfur, 3.45 parts of choline nonanoate, 4 parts of polycarboxylate, 5 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of tristyrylphenol, 0.28 parts of carboxymethylcellulose, 0.19 parts of bronopol and 30.08 parts of water. The composition had a particle size of about 23 microns, a suspensibility of about 75%, a dispersibility of 70%, a viscosity of about 1500 cps and a pourability of less than 2.5. The composition had a suspensibility of about 69%, a dispersibility of 64% and a viscosity of about 1550 cps under accelerated storage conditions.

[0153] Example 11. Suspoemulsion composition comprising 10 parts of elemental sulfur and 40 parts of choline nonanoate.

[0154] The composition includes 10 parts of elemental sulfur, 40 parts of choline nonanoate, 8 parts of propylene glycol, 2 parts of Tween 85, 3 parts of sodium polycarboxylate, 1.18 parts of swellable clay, 0.1 parts of sodium benzoate and 35.72 parts of water. The composition has a particle size of about 12 microns. The sample has a suspension rate of about 91% and a viscosity of about 600 cps. The composition has a suspension rate of about 86% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0155] B. Field Research

[0156] To study the effect of the insecticide composition of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate according to an embodiment of the present invention:

[0157] Experiment No. 1: Laboratory tests (in vitro antifungal tests) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the composition of the present invention at different composition concentrations against various fungal pathogen strains, such as Fusarium oxysporum, which causes wilt, Aspergillus niger, which causes neck rot, Rhizoctonia spp, which causes neck rot and root rot, and Alternaria spp, which causes leaf spot.

[0158] The treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) with the composition of the present invention as described below were treated with the above-mentioned fungal pathogens at concentrations of 10 gm / L, 20 gm / L and 40 gm / L respectively for screening by "agar plate assay". The observation results of the average colony diameter of the fungal pathogens were recorded and presented in the form of percentage inhibition of mycelial growth in Table 1. T1: Evaluation of the composition of this example against pathogenic fungi in vitro

[0159] T1: 55% sulfur + 3.45% choline nonanoate suspension composition according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0160] T2: 55% sulfur + 5% choline nonanoate suspension composition according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0161] T3: 55% sulfur + 5% choline nonanoate water dispersible granule composition according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0162] T4: 80% sulfur + 5% choline nonanoate dispersible particle composition according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0163] Table 1:

[0164]

[0165] It is noted that treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 according to an embodiment of the present invention appear to be effective treatment groups for controlling pathogen Rhizoctonia. As can be seen from Table 1, the % growth control at an active ingredient concentration of 10 gm / L for T1, T2, T3 and T4 according to an embodiment of the present invention is 70%, 76%, 76% and 89% respectively. Whereas at a concentration of 40 gm / L, the % growth control for all treatment groups is about 100%, and T3 is about 99%. Thus, the composition of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate having a particle size of less than 50 microns exhibits excellent effects on the tested fungi at a dosage of 40 gm / L. In addition, it is observed that the compositions of the present invention T1, T2, T3 and T4 show increased efficacy when tested from 10 to 20 gm / L. Similarly, as can be seen from Table 1, the compositions of the present invention are found to be effective in controlling other tested fungi.

[0166] Experiment 2: The effect of the combination of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate on powdery mildew in bell pepper was studied.

[0167] The effect of elemental sulphur in combination with choline nonanoate on pathogenic fungi on pepper crop was studied in a field trial. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments including an untreated control group with six replications during the kharif season i.e. June to September. The test product samples, sulphur and choline nonanoate were applied as foliar applications alone and in combination with the prescribed doses 60 days after sowing in the experimental field. There was a gap of 15 days between the two applications. Powdery mildew disease was recorded 10 days after the first and second applications respectively. The pepper crop in the experimental field was cultivated in accordance with good agricultural practices.

[0168] Experiment details

[0169] a) Trial location: Guntur, Andhra Pradesh

[0170] b) Crops: Pepper

[0171] c) Target pathogen: Leveillula taurica

[0172] c) Experimental Season: Kharif

[0173] d) Experimental design: Six replicates of RBD

[0174] f) Treatment group: six groups

[0175] g) Plot area: 5m×10m=50sq.m

[0176] h) Trial start date: 15.07.2020

[0177] i) Date of application: 15.09.2020 & 30.09.2020

[0178] 10 days after the second administration: 30.09.2020 and 10.10.2020

[0179] k) Water consumption: 500L / ha

[0180] l) Application method: foliar application

[0181] j) Assessment: Disease severity index of 3-5% disease incidence

[0182] k) Harvest date:

[0183] Observations of pepper were recorded for each plot 10 days after the first spray and 10 days after the second spray, and the percent control was calculated from the average using the following formula:

[0184] Control (%) = [Damage of control group plots - damage of treatment group plots) / damage of control group plots] x 100. Powdery mildew control data and yield were recorded at harvest and are listed in Table 2.

[0185] Table 2: Effect of the combination of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate on powdery mildew of pepper

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] +: synergistic effect; BS- before spraying; 1st spraying 10DAA- 10 days after 1st spraying; 2nd spraying 10DAA- 10 days after 2nd spraying; SC- suspension concentrate; WDG- water dispersible granules

[0189] From the data in Table 2, it can be observed that the composition in the form of liquid suspension or water dispersible granules comprising elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate prepared according to the embodiments of the present invention is synergistic in nature and effectively controls powdery mildew of pepper. The synergistic composition prepared according to the embodiments of the present invention also increases the yield of the crop compared to the single application of sulfur, choline nonanoate and untreated plots.

[0190] "Synergy" is defined in an article by Colby SR entitled "Calculation of Synergy and Antagonism of Herbicide Combinations" published in Weeds, 1967, 15, p. 20-22. The expected effect of a given combination of two active ingredients can be calculated as follows:

[0191] E=X+Y-(XY / 100)

[0192] in,

[0193] E = the expected percentage effect of mixing two products X and Y at the specified dosage.

[0194] X = % of effect observed for product A

[0195] Y = Observed percentage of effect of Product B

[0196] The synergy factor (SF) was calculated by Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925).

[0197] SF = observed effect / expected effect

[0198] Among them, SF>1 is a synergistic reaction; SF<1 is an antagonistic reaction; SF=1 is for an enhanced reaction.

[0199] When the observed percent yield effect (E) of the combination is greater than the expected percent, it can be inferred that the combination has a synergistic effect. When the observed percent yield effect of the combination is equal to the expected percent, only a synergistic effect can be inferred, and wherein, when the observed percent yield effect of the combination is lower than the expected percent, an antagonistic effect of the combination can be inferred.

[0200] For example, in comparison with treatments T1 (sulfur 55% + choline nonanoate 5% WDG @ 4000 g / acre according to an embodiment of the present invention) T4 (sulfur 80% WG) and T5 (choline nonanoate 5% WDG) applied at the same dosage, it was noted that treatment T1 had 81% control of powdery mildew, while treatments T4 and T5 showed 51% and 40% control of powdery mildew. Comparing T1 to the untreated plot, the percent increase in yield was about 46.6%. The pest control and efficacy data in Table 2 indicate that the combination of sulfur and choline nonanoate in the form of water dispersible granules or liquid suspensions with particles less than 50 microns has a synergistic effect.

[0201] Experiment 3: Study the effect of the combination of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate on powdery mildew of cucumber.

[0202] The field trial was designed to investigate the effect of elemental sulphur in combination with choline nonanoate on pathogenic fungi in cucumber crop. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during the kharif season, i.e., June to September, with six treatments including an untreated control group with six replications. The test product samples, sulphur and choline nonanoate were applied as foliar applications, alone and in combination with the prescribed doses, 60 days after sowing in the experimental fields. There was a gap of 15 days between the two applications. Powdery mildew disease was recorded 10 days after the first and second applications respectively. The cucumber crop in the experimental field was cultivated as per good agricultural practices.

[0203] Experiment details

[0204] a) Trial location: Andhra Pradesh

[0205] b)Crop: Cucumber

[0206] c) Variety: Pusasanyog

[0207] c) Target pathogen: Erysiphe cichoracearum

[0208] c) Experimental Season: Kharif

[0209] d) Experimental design: RBD five replicates

[0210] f) Treatment group: six groups

[0211] g) Plot area: 5m×10m=50sq.m

[0212] h) Trial start date: 15.08.2020

[0213] i) Date of application: 25.10.2020 & 10.11.2020

[0214] 10 days after second administration: 10.11.2020

[0215] k) Water consumption: 500L / ha

[0216] l) Application method: foliar application

[0217] j) Assessment: Disease severity index of 3-5% disease incidence

[0218] Observations on cucumbers were recorded 10 days after the first spray and 10 days after the second spray in each plot, and the percentage control was calculated from the mean using the following formula:

[0219] Control (%) = [Damage of control group plots - damage of treatment group plots) / damage of control group plots] x 100. Powdery mildew control data and yield were recorded at harvest and are listed in Table 3.

[0220] Table 3: Effects of elemental sulfur and choline nonanoate combination on cucumber

[0221]

[0222]

[0223] +: synergistic effect; BS- before spraying; 1st spraying 10DAA- 10 days after 1st spraying; 2nd spraying 10DAA- 10 days after 2nd spraying; SC- suspension concentrate; WDG- water dispersible granules

[0224] The test data in Table 3 show that the combination of sulfur and choline nonanoate is effective against fungal pathogens on cucumber. For example, in comparing treatments T2 (sulfur 20% + choline nonanoate 35% water dispersible granules) and T3 (sulfur 20% + choline nonanoate 35% liquid suspension) at 5000 gm / ha with T4 (sulfur 80% WDG) and T5 (choline nonanoate 40% WDG), it was observed that treatments T2 and T3 showed 91% and 90% control of powdery mildew, respectively, while T5 showed 69% control of fungal diseases and T6 showed 61% control. The yield of T2 was about 160 Qtl / ha, T3 was 156 Qtl / ha, while the yields of T5 and T6 were about 135 Qtl / ha and 129 Qtl / ha, respectively. The pest control and efficacy data in Table 3 clearly show that the combination of sulfur and choline nonanoate in particles less than 50 microns is synergistic in nature.

[0225] From the foregoing, it will be apparent that numerous modifications and variations may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It should be understood that no limitation to the specific embodiments shown is intended or should be inferred.

Claims

1. An insecticide composition comprising: elemental sulphur in the range of 1% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition; choline salt of nonanoic acid in the range of 0.01% w / w to 50% w / w of the total composition; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; wherein the composition comprises particles having a size range of 0.1 microns to 50 microns.

2. The insecticide composition according to claim 1, wherein The choline salt of nonanoic acid is choline nonanoate, acetylcholine nonanoate or a mixture thereof.

3. The insecticide composition according to claim 1, wherein The composition is in the form of a solid or liquid or a gel.

4. The insecticide composition according to claim 3, wherein The solid composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, water-disintegrating granules, broadcasting granules, spheroidized granules, or wettable powders.

5. The insecticide composition according to claim 4, wherein The size of the water-disintegrating granules, broadcasting granules or spheroidized granules ranges from 0.1 to 6 mm.

6. The insecticide composition according to claim 5, wherein The water dispersible particles have a size range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm.

7. The insecticide composition according to claim 3, wherein The liquid compositions are in the form of suspoemulsions, oil dispersions, liquid suspensions, flowable concentrates, encapsulated suspensions and suspension concentrates (ZC) and combinations of seed dressings.

8. The insecticide composition according to claim 1, wherein The composition further comprises at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of macronutrients, micronutrients, biostimulants, pesticide active substances, plant growth regulators, algae, bacterial spores and mixtures thereof.

9. The insecticide composition according to claim 7, wherein The composition has a viscosity of 10 cps to 3000 cps.

10. The insecticide composition according to claim 7, wherein The composition has a pourability of less than 5% residue.

11. The insecticide composition according to claim 4 or 7, wherein The composition has a suspension rate of at least 30%.

12. The insecticide composition according to claim 4 or 7, wherein The composition has a dispersibility of at least 30%.

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