Waste treatment system

Abstract

A waste treatment system includes at least one modification device that hydrolyzes waste; a microorganism reaction device that uses microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modified substance containing at least solids in the waste hydrolyzed by the at least one modification device; a microorganism reaction detection device that detects the state of the reduction of the molecular weight of the modified substance in the microorganism reaction device; and an adjustment device that adjusts the amount and timing of the supply of the modified substance to the microorganism reaction device based on the detection value of the microorganism reaction detection device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a waste treatment system and a waste treatment method.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Japan Patent Application No. 2020-162501 filed with the Japan Patent Office on September 28, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a treatment device for organic waste, including residual sludge from sewage treatment plants, food waste such as kitchen waste, and livestock waste, which contains organic wastewater and solid waste. In this treatment device, the organic waste is decomposed into soluble, low-molecular-weight organic matter and then separated into solid and liquid components. In a microbial reactor (methane fermentation tank), microorganisms are used to degrade the separated liquid into low-molecular-weight components (methane fermentation) to generate biogas.

[0004] Prior art literature

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 4864339 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] However, in microbial reactors, if the properties of the feedstock (the target material for microbial degradation) supplied to the reactor are uneven or the supply quantity is insufficient, the reactor may quickly become unsuitable for microbial-based microbial degradation. Furthermore, because microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes, restoring the reactor to an unsuitable state requires significant time and cost. Therefore, it is desirable to continuously maintain the microbial reactor in a state suitable for microbial-based microbial degradation.

[0009] This disclosure was made in view of the above-mentioned issues, and its purpose is to provide a waste treatment system and waste treatment method that can continuously maintain a microbial reactor in a state suitable for microbial-based low molecular weight.

[0010] Solution for solving the problem

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the waste treatment system of this disclosure comprises: at least one modification device for hydrolyzing waste; a microbial reaction device for using microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modifier containing at least solids in the waste after hydrolysis by the at least one modification device; a microbial reaction detection device for detecting the state of molecular weight reduction of the modifier within the microbial reaction device; and an adjustment device for adjusting the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the waste treatment method disclosed herein includes the following steps: hydrolyzing the waste; using microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modifier containing at least solids in the hydrolyzed waste; detecting the state of the reduced molecular weight modifier; and adjusting the amount of the modifier in the step of reducing the molecular weight of the modifier using microorganisms based on the detected state of the reduced molecular weight of the modifier.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to the waste treatment system and waste treatment method disclosed herein, the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reactor are adjusted based on the low molecular weight state of the modified material within the microbial reactor, thereby enabling the microbial reactor to be continuously maintained in a low molecular weight state suitable for microorganisms. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system according to Embodiment 1 of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system according to Embodiment 2 of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system according to Embodiment 3 of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system according to Embodiment 4 of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic functional block diagram of an adjustment device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste treatment system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a waste treatment method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The waste treatment system and waste treatment method according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below based on the accompanying drawings. This embodiment represents one solution of the present disclosure and is not limited to it; modifications can be made arbitrarily within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0028] (Implementation Method 1)

[0029] <Structure of the detection system in Implementation Method 1>

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the waste treatment system 1 includes a modification device 2, a microbial reaction device (biogas fermentation tank 4), a microbial reaction detection device 6, and an adjustment device 8.

[0031] Modification device 2 hydrolyzes waste. Such modification device 2 is, for example, a device that directly receives waste from a vehicle or equipment that has collected waste and hydrolyzes the waste in batches using steam. Specifically, it is a batch modification device having a housing 56 including an inlet 52 for feeding waste and an outlet 54 for discharging hydrolyzed waste. On / off valves (not shown) are provided at the inlet 52 and outlet 54 respectively; by closing these valves, the housing 56 can be sealed. The hydrolysis of waste in modification device 2 can be wet hydrolysis, where steam contacts the waste to heat it, or dry hydrolysis, where steam indirectly heats the waste without contacting it. In the case of dry hydrolysis, the moisture in the waste within the housing 56 evaporates into steam, which is used to uniformly heat the waste within the housing 56. Additionally, water is required for hydrolysis, and this water is supplied by steam adhering to the surface of the waste. It should be noted that... Figure 1The document describes a modification device 2, but it can also be a structure obtained by connecting multiple modification devices 2 in series, connecting multiple modification devices 2 in parallel, or combining the series connection structure and the parallel connection structure.

[0032] The microbial reactor utilizes microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modified material Y1, which contains at least solids, in the waste after hydrolysis in the modification unit 2. Such a microbial reactor is not particularly limited; for example, it could be a biogas digester that uses microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of hydrolyzed waste and produce biogas such as methane as a valuable resource. In this disclosure, the case of a biogas digester 4 as the microbial reactor will be described as an example. However, the microbial reactor is not limited to a biogas digester 4. For example, the microbial reactor could also be a saccharification tank that produces sugars as valuable resources from carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose, or a composting device that produces compost by composting.

[0033] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated configuration, the biogas digester 4 is connected to the modification device 2 via a modification pipeline 51 through which the modified material Y1 flows. An adjustment valve 53 is installed on the modification pipeline 51 to adjust the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4. This adjustment valve 53, as described later, adjusts its opening according to an instruction sent from the adjustment device 8.

[0034] Here, the advantages of the waste treatment system 1, which includes the modification device 2 and the biogas fermentation tank 4, will be explained.

[0035] Food waste mainly contains protein, carbohydrates, and fats. However, through hydrolysis, pinholes are formed in cell membranes and cell walls, or cell membranes and cell walls are dissolved, allowing cell fluid to flow out. This process refines the food waste, reducing high-molecular-weight components to lower-molecular-weight ones. Consequently, the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid increases.

[0036] For plant materials like wood in the waste, the hydrophobic lignin and hemicellulose that make them up are hydrolyzed and converted into hydrophilic substances, thus dissolving and exposing the cellulose. For paper waste in the waste, the surface agents dissolve and become hydrophilic. Furthermore, the contents of the biogas digester 4 are agitated using a mixer (mixer 44 described later), resulting in finer particles that are softened and reduced in diameter. Plastic waste in the waste is softened by heating and sheared and reduced in diameter by agitation using the mixer.

[0037] The waste, or modified material, resulting from hydrolysis in modification device 2 contains various components generated from kitchen waste, paper waste (including wood, etc.), and plastic waste as described above, as well as a small amount of metal that is almost unaffected by hydrolysis. Because the waste with the above composition has a low water content, the modified material contains very little liquid and is mostly solid. This modified material flows out of the shell 56 through outlet 54 and is transferred to biogas digester 4. It should be noted that when the waste, such as sludge, has a high water content, the modified material will also contain a lot of liquid, resulting in a slurry-like consistency. However, even in this case, solid-liquid separation is not performed on the modified material; the entire amount is transferred to biogas digester 4. In biogas digester 4, the modified material undergoes microbial-based biological processes to reduce its molecular weight and produce valuable substances.

[0038] Food waste in the waste is micronized through hydrolysis, thereby increasing the surface area of ​​the components derived from food waste and the area subject to microbial-based biological processes, thus promoting low-molecular-weight degradation. If the unevenness of the components derived from food waste is suppressed and homogenized through micronization, the activity of biological processes can be homogenized, and low-molecular-weight degradation can be stabilized. Furthermore, the increase in volatile fatty acids promotes low-molecular-weight degradation. Moreover, by reducing the molecular weight of components derived from food waste, fat foaming within the biogas digester 4 can be suppressed. Such foaming can cause blockage of the overflow outlet (not shown) of the biogas digester 4, but this can be prevented.

[0039] Paper waste and plant matter in the waste expose cellulose through hydrolysis, making it easier for microorganisms to access and thus promoting low-molecular-weight degradation. Furthermore, by becoming hydrophilic and smaller in diameter through hydrolysis, these components do not remain suspended within the biogas digester 4, thereby reducing the likelihood of hindering low-molecular-weight degradation. Plastic waste in the waste also becomes smaller in diameter through hydrolysis, further reducing the possibility of hindering low-molecular-weight degradation.

[0040] Thus, for the modified material obtained by hydrolyzing waste in the modification device 2, valuable materials can be generated by reducing its molecular weight using the biogas fermentation tank 4 without solid-liquid separation. Therefore, even waste with low moisture content can generate valuable materials. In addition, this waste treatment system 1 does not require a device for solid-liquid separation of the modified material Y1, and only generates valuable materials with high unit value such as biogas. Therefore, compared with systems that perform solid-liquid separation of the modified material Y1, generate biogas from the liquid after solid-liquid separation, and manufacture fuel, fertilizer, etc. from the solid after solid-liquid separation, waste can be treated at a lower cost.

[0041] The advantages of the waste treatment system 1 having the modification device 2 and the biogas digester 4 have been explained above. However, since the modification device 2 has the effect of amplifying the composition of the raw materials (waste), in a structure that only has the modification device 2 and the biogas digester 4, if the modification operation fails, even small changes in the inlet composition are amplified, making it difficult to operate the biogas digester 4 stably. Therefore, in order to continuously maintain the biogas digester 4 in a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecularization, the waste treatment system 1 of this disclosure, in addition to the modification device 2 and the biogas digester 4, also includes a microbial reaction detection device 6 and an adjustment device 8.

[0042] Microbial reaction detection device 6 detects the low-molecular-weight state of modified Y1 within the biogas digester 4 (hereinafter referred to as "the state of biogas digester 4"). Figure 1 In the illustrated manner, the microbial reaction detection device 6 includes a collection device 62 for collecting a portion of the modified material Y1 in the biogas fermentation tank 4 as a test sample X1, a solid-liquid separation device 64 for separating the collected test sample X1 into solid and liquid components, a dilution device 66 for diluting the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separation device 64, and a concentration measuring device 68 for measuring the concentration of the liquid component diluted by the dilution device 66, i.e., the diluted liquid.

[0043] The concentration of the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device 68 is a concentration used to evaluate the state of the biogas digester 4, including, for example, at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. In another embodiment, the concentration of the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device 68 includes at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, ammonia, sodium, phenol, furfural, inhibitory substances such as melanin, chlorides such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration). It should be noted that inhibitory substances refer to substances that, when they reach a predetermined concentration or higher, prevent the use of microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of modified product Y1. For example, when the concentration of volatile fatty acids is 10,000 ppm or higher, when the concentration of ammonia is 2,000 ppm or higher, when the concentration of sodium is 2,000 ppm or higher, when the concentration of phenol is 1,000 ppm or higher, when the concentration of furfural is 1,000 ppm or higher, and when the concentration of melanin is 1,000 ppm or higher, the use of microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of modified product Y1 is prevented.

[0044] The adjusting device 8 adjusts the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device 6. Figure 1In the illustrated configuration, the adjustment device 8 is a computer, such as an electronic control device, equipped with a processor (not shown) such as a CPU or GPU, a memory such as ROM or RAM, and I / O interfaces. The adjustment device 8 is electrically connected to both the concentration measuring device 68 and the adjustment valve 53. The adjustment device 8 obtains the measurement value from the concentration measuring device 68. Based on this value, the processor performs actions (calculations, etc.) according to commands from a program loaded into memory, thereby calculating the opening degree of the adjustment valve 53. Then, the adjustment device 8 instructs the adjustment valve 53 to set to the calculated opening degree, adjusting the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the biogas digester 4. It should be noted that the adjustment device 8 can be installed within the equipment along with the modification device 2 and the biogas digester 4, or it can be installed in a different location. Furthermore, the adjustment device 8 can also be configured on a cloud server.

[0045] <Function / Effect of the Waste Treatment System in Implementation Method 1>

[0046] According to Embodiment 1, based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6, the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4 are adjusted, thus enabling the biogas digester 4 to be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecularization. Furthermore, although the modified material Y1 generated by the modification device 2 may have compositional variations, the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4 are adjusted based on the state of the biogas digester 4, which is located downstream of the modification device 2. Therefore, the impact of compositional variations of the modified material Y1 on the biogas digester 4 can be suppressed.

[0047] It should be noted that in Embodiment 1, the microbial reaction detection device 6 detects the state of the biogas digester 4 by measuring the concentration of the diluted liquid after diluting the liquid component of the modified Y1 in the biogas digester 4 using the concentration measuring device 68. However, this disclosure is not limited to this method. For example, in addition to the concentration measuring device 68, the microbial reaction detection device 6 may also include a conductivity measuring device for measuring the conductivity of the diluted liquid. In this case, the state of the biogas digester 4 is evaluated based on the concentration and conductivity of the diluted liquid.

[0048] (Implementation Method 2)

[0049] <Structure of the detection system in Implementation Method 2>

[0050] The waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 2 will be described. The difference between the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 2 and the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 1 is the addition of a modified state detection device 10 and a hydrolysis condition adjustment device 12. In Embodiment 2, the same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in Embodiment 1, and detailed descriptions of these components are omitted.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system 1 according to Embodiment 2 of this disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the waste treatment system 1 also includes a modified state detection device 10 and a hydrolysis condition adjustment device 12.

[0052] The modified state detection device 10 detects the hydrolysis state of the waste within the modified device 2 (hereinafter referred to as "the state of the modified device 2"). Figure 2 In the illustrated manner, the modified state detection device 10 includes a collection device 72 for collecting a portion of the contents within the modified device 2 as a test sample X2, a solid-liquid separation device 74 for separating the collected test sample X2 into solid and liquid components, a dilution device 76 for diluting the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separation device 74, and a concentration measuring device 78 for measuring the concentration of the liquid component diluted by the dilution device 76, i.e., the diluted liquid.

[0053] The concentration of the diluent measured by the concentration measuring device 78 of the modified state detection device 10 is a concentration used to evaluate the state of the modified device 2, and includes, for example, at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. In one embodiment, the concentration of the diluent measured by the concentration measuring device 78 includes at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, ammonia, phenol, furfural, inhibitory substances such as protein melanin, chlorides such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration).

[0054] The hydrolysis condition adjustment device 12 adjusts the hydrolysis conditions (temperature / pressure / time / stirring speed, etc.) for the hydrolysis of waste by the modification device 2 based on the state detected by the modification state detection device 10. Figure 2 In the illustrated configuration, the aforementioned adjustment device 8 functions as a hydrolysis condition adjustment device 12. Specifically, the adjustment device 8 is electrically connected to both the modification device 2 and the concentration measuring device 78 of the modification state detection device 10. The adjustment device 8 obtains the measurement value from the concentration measuring device 78. Based on this measurement value, the processor performs actions (calculations, etc.) according to the commands of the program loaded into memory, thereby calculating the hydrolysis conditions. Then, the adjustment device 8 instructs the modification device 2 to operate under these calculated hydrolysis conditions. It should be noted that in Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the adjusting device 8 functions as the hydrolysis condition adjusting device 12, but in another embodiment, the adjusting device 8 and the hydrolysis condition adjusting device 12 are provided separately.

[0055] <Function / Effect of the Waste Treatment System in Implementation Method 2>

[0056] According to Embodiment 2, the waste treatment system 1 adjusts the hydrolysis conditions of the waste hydrolyzed by the modification device 2 based on the state of the modification device 2, so that the modified product Y1 with conditions suitable for microbial reaction can be supplied to the biogas digester 4, and the generation of valuable products based on microbial reaction can be carried out efficiently.

[0057] Furthermore, the state of the modification device 2 is sometimes determined based on the concentration of the liquid component of the contents within the modification device 2. However, these contents sometimes also contain solid components. Therefore, when measuring the concentration of the liquid component of the contents within the modification device 2, it is necessary to remove the solid components. According to Embodiment 2, the solid-liquid separation device 74 separates the solid and liquid components from the test sample X2. It is more effective to add a reagent (coagulant, etc.) near the separation device to perform solid-liquid separation. The dilution device 76 dilutes the liquid component. The concentration measuring device 78 measures the concentration of the diluted liquid as the diluted liquid component. In this way, according to Embodiment 2, the detection accuracy of the state of the modification device 2 can be improved. When diluting the liquid component with the dilution device 76, a reagent is added to the dilution water to improve color development, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement.

[0058] It should be noted that the hydrolysis conditions in the modification device 2 can also be adjusted based on the state of the biogas fermentation tank 4.

[0059] Although not illustrated, in several embodiments, the waste treatment system 1 is configured to set the hydrolysis conditions (temperature / pressure / time / stirring speed, etc.) in the modification device 2 based on the state of the biogas fermentation tank 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6.

[0060] Although not illustrated, in several embodiments, the concentration measuring device 68 of the microbial reaction detection device 6 detects the concentration of hindering substances such as protein melanin, furfural, and phenol contained in the test sample X1 supplied from the biogas digester 4. Furthermore, the waste treatment system 1 is configured to set the hydrolysis conditions in the modification device 2 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 and the concentration of hindering substances.

[0061] (Implementation Method 3)

[0062] <Structure of the detection system in Implementation Method 3>

[0063] The waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 3 will be described. The waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 3 differs from the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 1 in that the adjusting device 8 is configured to adjust the supply amount and timing of the easily decomposable component Y2 in the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4. In Embodiment 3, the same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in Embodiment 1, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted. It should be noted that, in another embodiment, the adjusting device 8 of the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 2 may also be configured to adjust the supply amount and timing of the easily decomposable component Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4.

[0064] Here, we will explain the easily decomposed substance Y2 and the difficult-to-decompose substance Y3. Easily decomposed substance Y2 is a substance that can undergo microbial-based low-molecularization within a predetermined time in the modified substance Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4, such as a sugar like glucose. Difficult-to-decomposed substance Y3 is a substance that takes longer to undergo microbial-based low-molecularization in the biogas digester 4 compared to easily decomposed substance Y2, such as casein or cellulose. It should be noted that the predetermined time is arbitrarily determined, for example, 100 hours.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system 1 according to Embodiment 3 of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, the waste treatment system 1 also includes a separation device 14, an easily decomposable material tank 16 for storing easily decomposable material Y2, and a difficult-to-decompose material tank 18 for storing difficult-to-decompose material Y3. The easily decomposable material tank 16 and the difficult-to-decompose material tank 18 are respectively arranged side by side between the modification device 2 and the biogas fermentation tank 4.

[0066] Separation device 14 is positioned between modification device 2 and biogas digester 4. Separation device 14 separates unsuitable substances from the modified material Y1 that are not suitable for microbial-based low-molecular-weight reactions in biogas digester 4. Figure 3 In the illustrated manner, the separation device 14 separates the modified material Y1 supplied from the modification device 2 into easily decomposable material Y2 and difficult-to-decompose material Y3. Such a separation device 14 is, for example, a sieve that separates the modified material Y1 into large-particle-size components and small-particle-size components with particle sizes smaller than the large-particle-size components.

[0067] The small-particle-size component separated by the separator 14 is supplied as decomposable substance Y2 to the decomposable substance tank 16. The decomposable substance tank 16 is connected to the biogas digester 4 via a decomposable substance pipeline 20 for the flow of decomposable substance Y2. A decomposable substance adjustment valve 22 is provided on the decomposable substance pipeline 20 to adjust the amount of decomposable substance Y2 supplied from the decomposable substance tank 16 to the biogas digester 4. This decomposable substance adjustment valve 22 is configured similarly to the adjustment valve 53 described above, and its opening is adjusted according to the instruction sent from the adjustment device 8. That is, the adjustment device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of the decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6. The decomposable substance Y2 (small-particle-size component) supplied to the biogas digester 4 is degraded to generate biogas G. The biogas G generated by the biogas digester 4 is stored in the gas storage tank 58.

[0068] The large-particle-size component separated by the separation device 14 is supplied to the recalcitrant material tank 18 as recalcitrant material Y3. The main component of the large-particle-size component is one that retains a relatively large particle size even after hydrolysis in the modification device 2; it consists of substances derived from plastic waste and metals that cannot be reduced to low molecular weight in the biogas digester 4. In other words, the large-particle-size component and the small-particle-size component are respectively unsuitable and suitable for the microbial reaction. Figure 3 In the illustrated manner, the recalcitrant tank 18 is connected to the biogas digester 4 via a recalcitrant pipeline 24 that supplies recalcitrant Y3.

[0069] <Function / Effect of the Waste Treatment System in Implementation Method 3>

[0070] Whether the biogas digester 4 is in a suitable state for microbial-based low-molecularization is largely determined by the amount and timing of the readily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4. According to Embodiment 3, the adjusting device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of readily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4, thus enabling the biogas digester 4 to be continuously maintained in a suitable state for microbial-based low-molecularization.

[0071] Furthermore, according to Embodiment 3, the waste treatment system 1 includes a separation device 14, which allows for the separation of the recalcitrant compound Y3 from the modified compound Y1, reducing the amount of unsuitable reactants supplied to the biogas digester 4. As a result, the possibility of hindering molecular weight reduction in the biogas digester 4 is reduced, thereby enabling efficient molecular weight reduction. Additionally, compared to the case without the separation device 14, the readily decomposable compound Y2 with high purity and fluidity can be supplied to the biogas digester 4. Thus, the biogas digester 4 can be rapidly prepared for microbial-based molecular weight reduction.

[0072] It should be noted that, in Figure 3 The illustrated method describes an ideal configuration for the waste treatment system 1, which includes a separation device 14, a tank for easily degradable materials 16, and a tank for difficult-to-degrade materials 18, and clearly separates and stores easily degradable material Y2 and difficult-to-degrade material Y3 in different tanks. However, complete separation is not necessarily required. By configuring the waste treatment system 1 to adjust the supply of easily degradable material Y2, which reacts particularly quickly, the same effect as described above can be achieved.

[0073] It should be noted that, in Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, waste treatment system 1 includes a tank for easily degradable materials 16 and a tank for difficult-to-degrade materials 18, but this disclosure is not limited to this embodiment. In one embodiment, as... Figure 4 As shown, in addition to the easily degradable waste container 16 and the difficult-to-degrade waste container 18, the waste treatment system 1 also includes an obstacle avoidance container 19. Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, a dilution device 21 is also included to dilute the modified compound Y1 generated by the modification device 2. The solid component (difficult-to-decompose compound Y3) in the modified compound Y1 diluted by the dilution device 21 is stored in the difficult-to-decompose compound tank 18. When the concentration of the hindering substance contained in the liquid component of the modified compound Y1 diluted by the dilution device 21 is below a predetermined concentration, it is stored as the easily decomposed compound Y2 in the easily decomposed compound tank 16. On the other hand, when the concentration of the hindering substance contained in the liquid component of the modified compound Y1 diluted by the dilution device 21 exceeds a predetermined concentration, it is stored as the hindering substance avoidance tank 19. In one embodiment, when the concentration of the hindering substance contained in the liquid component exceeds a predetermined concentration, an adsorbent such as activated carbon is added using an additive input device (not shown). The addition of the adsorbent can be performed in the hindering substance avoidance tank 19 or in the pipeline connecting the dilution device 21 to the hindering substance avoidance tank 19. Based on this structure, it is possible to prevent the detachment of the hindering substances adsorbed on the activated carbon from the biogas digester 4, and to discharge the hindering substances adsorbed on the activated carbon together with the sludge without hindering the microbial reaction.

[0074] In addition, Figure 4 In the illustrated configuration, the barrier substance avoidance tank 19 is connected to the decomposable substance tank 16 via a connecting line 23, enabling the supply of liquid components stored in the barrier substance avoidance tank 19 to the decomposable substance tank 16. With this configuration, insufficient liquid components of the modified Y1 stored in the decomposable substance tank 16 can be prevented.

[0075] In another embodiment, although not shown, instead of the easily decomposable material tank 16 and the difficult-to-decompose material tank 18, the waste treatment system 1 includes a high-concentration barrier tank for storing modified material Y1 containing barrier substances at a predetermined concentration or higher, and a low-concentration barrier tank for storing modified material Y1 containing barrier substances at a concentration lower than the predetermined concentration. In this case, the adjusting device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of the modified material Y1 stored in the low-concentration barrier tank to the biogas digester 4.

[0076] (Implementation Method 4)

[0077] <Structure of the detection system in Implementation Method 4>

[0078] The waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 4 will be described. The waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 4 differs from the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 3 in that it further includes a biodegradable substance state detection device 26 and a cellulase supply device 28. In Embodiment 4, the same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in Embodiment 3, and detailed descriptions of these components are omitted. It should be noted that while the biodegradable substance tank 16 is not essential in the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 3, it is essential in the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 4. In another embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 of Embodiment 2 further includes a biodegradable substance state detection device 26 and a cellulase supply device 28.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waste treatment system 1 according to Embodiment 4 of this disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the waste treatment system 1 also includes a biodegradable substance status detection device 26 and a cellulase supply device 28.

[0080] The decomposable substance state detection device 26 detects the state of the decomposable substance Y2 inside the decomposable substance container 16 (hereinafter referred to as "the state of the decomposable substance container 16"). Such a decomposable substance state detection device 26 includes known turbidity measuring equipment such as a turbidimeter and a spectrophotometer for measuring the turbidity of the decomposable substance Y2 inside the decomposable substance container 16.

[0081] The cellulase supply device 28 is electrically connected to the easily degradable substance state detection device 26, obtains the turbidity detected by the easily degradable substance state detection device 26, and supplies cellulase to the easily degradable substance tank 16 based on the turbidity. Specifically, when the turbidity exceeds a preset value, the cellulase supply device 28 supplies cellulase to the easily degradable substance tank 16.

[0082] <Function / Effect of the Detection System in Implementation Method 4>

[0083] According to embodiment 4, the waste treatment system 1 is equipped with a biodegradable state detection device 26 for detecting the state of the biodegradable container 16, so that the state of the biodegradable container 16 can be quickly determined.

[0084] Regarding the turbidity of the easily decomposable substance Y2 in the biogas digester 16, the cellulose content contained in the easily decomposable substance Y2 plays a dominant role. When hydrolyzing waste containing large amounts of paper scraps and plant matter, the easily decomposable substance Y2 sometimes contains a large amount of cellulose. According to Embodiment 4, when the turbidity (cellulose) exceeds a set value, cellulase is supplied to the easily decomposable substance tank 16, thereby promoting the reduction of cellulose in the biogas digester 4.

[0085] It should be noted that in Embodiment 4, the decomposable substance state detection device 26 detects the state of the decomposable substance tank 16 by measuring the turbidity of the decomposable substance Y2, but this disclosure is not limited to this method. In one embodiment, the decomposable substance state detection device 26 replaces the turbidity measuring device for measuring turbidity, or includes, in addition to the turbidity measuring device, a saccharity measuring device for measuring the saccharity of the decomposable substance Y2 in the decomposable substance tank 16. Regarding the saccharity of the decomposable substance Y2 in the decomposable substance tank 16, the cellulose content contained in the decomposable substance Y2 plays a dominant role, and therefore, similar to the effects described above, it is possible to promote the reduction of cellulose in the biogas digester 4.

[0086] Figure 6 This is a schematic functional block diagram of the adjustment device 8 according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, the adjustment device 8 includes a storage unit 30 for storing the supply model M. This supply model M is created based on: a first detection value 32 previously detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6; modified material information 34 including the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the first detection value 32; and status information 36 including the status of the biogas digester 4 derived from the supply of modified material Y1 based on the first detection value 32, external environmental information (season, weather, events, other information affecting waste discharge, etc.), and operational history information of the waste treatment system. Figure 6 In the illustrated method, the supply model M is created through machine learning on teacher data 33, which correlates the first detection value 32, the modified material information 34, and the state information 36. Then, the adjustment device 8 inputs the second detection value 38 currently detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 into the supply model M, calculates the opening 35 of the adjustment valve 53, and adjusts the amount and timing of the modified material Y1 supplied to the biogas fermentation tank 4. It should be noted that the machine learning used to create the supply model M is not particularly limited; for example, a random forest can be applied.

[0087] according to Figure 6The illustrated structure uses a supply model M, created by machine learning or analysis of teacher data 33 that correlates the first detection value 32, the modified material information 34, and the state information 36, to calculate the opening degree 35 of the regulating valve 53. Therefore, the biogas digester 4 can be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low molecular weight digestion.

[0088] The first detection value 32 included in the teacher data 33 includes, for example, the value detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6, such as the concentration of volatile fatty acids. However, the teacher data 33 may also be configured to include information detected by devices other than the microbial reaction detection device 6. That is, the adjustment of the amount and timing of the readily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 takes into account not only the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6, but also other information.

[0089] For example, teacher data 33 includes the concentration of methane gas generated by the biogas digester 4, the torque of the motor 42 (described later), and images of the modified compound Y1 captured by near-infrared sensors such as hyperspectral cameras. Based on this structure, the supply model M is also constructed taking into account the concentration of methane gas, thus further improving the accuracy of the supply model M. Especially in the case of reactors with microbial reactions, even a single detection error can impair the activity of the microorganisms; therefore, it is preferable to use multiple detection terminals.

[0090] Let's take a specific example. In one embodiment, the supply model M is built based on the following information: modification device information including the torque used for stirring the contents of the modification device 2; tank information including the concentration of volatile fatty acids contained in the contents of the decomposable material tank 16; a first detection value 32; modification information 34; and status information 36. When the waste contains a large amount of decomposable material Y2 such as kitchen waste, the stirring torque used for stirring the contents of the modification device 2 is lower than usual, and the amount of decomposable material Y2 contained in the modification Y1 increases. In addition, the concentration of volatile fatty acids contained in the liquid component of the decomposable material Y2 in the decomposable material tank 16 increases, and the pH of the liquid component decreases. Furthermore, the stirring torque used for stirring the contents of the biogas digester 4 decreases, the concentration of volatile fatty acids contained in the liquid component of the decomposable material Y2 in the biogas digester 4 increases, and the pH of the liquid component decreases. In this case, the amount of biogas produced by the biogas digester 4 tends to increase. The supply model M of the adjustment device 8 pre-machines the tendency of biogas to increase. The adjustment device 8 inputs the state of the modification device 2 (stirring torque value) as modification device information, the state of the biogas digester 16 (concentration of volatile fatty acids) as tank information, or the state of the biogas digester 4 (concentration of volatile fatty acids) into the supply model M to predict an increase in the concentration of biogas digester Y2 in the biogas digester 4, and reduces the amount of biogas digester Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4. It should be noted that the modification device information may include, in addition to or replacing the torque of stirring the contents of the modification device 2, the amount of biogas digester Y2 contained in the modification device 2. The tank information may also include, in addition to or replacing the concentration of volatile fatty acids, at least one of the concentrations of hindering substances, ammonia, and the pH of the liquid components of biogas digester Y2. The first detection value 32 may include, in addition to or in place of the concentration of volatile fatty acids contained in the contents of the biogas digester 4, the concentration of hindering substances, the concentration of ammonia, the pH of the liquid components of easily decomposable substance Y2, and the torque used to stir the contents of the biogas digester.

[0091] However, when the waste contains low levels of protein, the concentration of hindering substances (such as protein melanin) in the liquid component of the modified product Y1 just generated by the modification device 2 decreases, and the pH of this liquid component also decreases. Furthermore, the concentration of hindering substances in the liquid component of easily decomposable product Y2 in the easily decomposable product tank 16 decreases, and the pH of this liquid component also decreases. Additionally, the concentration of hindering substances and ammonia in the liquid component of easily decomposable product Y2 in the biogas digester 4 decreases, and the pH of this liquid component also decreases. Furthermore, the alkalinity of the biogas digester 4 also decreases. In this situation, there is a tendency for insufficient nitrogen content in the easily decomposable product Y2 within the biogas digester 4. The supply model M of the adjustment device 8 is created and pre-machined based on the following information to detect the nitrogen deficiency tendency: modification device information including the concentration of the hindering substance contained in the contents of the modification device 2; tank information including the concentration of the hindering substance contained in the contents of the decomposable substance tank 16; the first detection value 37 (different from the first detection value 32 mentioned above) previously detected by the biogas digester 4, that is, the first detection value 37 including the concentration of the hindering substance, the concentration of ammonia, and the alkalinity contained in the contents of the biogas digester 4; the aforementioned modification information 34; and the aforementioned status information 36. The adjustment device 8 inputs the state of the modification device 2 (concentration of the hindering substance), the state of the easily decomposable tank 16 (concentration of the hindering substance), or the state of the biogas digester 4 (concentration of the hindering substance, ammonia concentration, and alkalinity) into the supply model M to predict whether the nitrogen content of the easily decomposable substance Y2 in the biogas digester 4 is insufficient. It then increases the amount of nitrogen-containing additives supplied to the biogas digester 4, or increases the circulation rate of nitrogen-containing sludge dewatering water to the biogas digester 4. It should be noted that the modification device information, in addition to the ammonia concentration of the modified substance Y1 in the modification device 2, may also include the concentration of melanin, phenol, or furfural. The modification device information may also include, in addition to or replacing the ammonia concentration, at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, hindering substances, and the pH of the liquid component of the easily decomposable substance Y2. The tank information may also include, in addition to or replacing the hindering substance concentration, at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, ammonia concentration, and the pH of the liquid component of the easily decomposable substance Y2. The first detection value 37 only needs to include at least one of the following: the concentration of volatile fatty acids, the concentration of inhibitory substances, the concentration of ammonia contained in the modified product Y1 in the biogas fermentation tank 4, and the pH of the liquid component of the easily decomposable product Y2.

[0092] Figures 7-10 These are schematic diagrams of the structure of a waste treatment system 1 according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0093] In one implementation, such as Figure 7As shown, the waste treatment system 1 also includes a flow meter 40, which obtains the amount of biogas G flowing from the biogas digester 4 to the gas storage tank 58. An adjustment device 8 is electrically connected to the flow meter 40 and obtains the amount of biogas G. Furthermore, the adjustment device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of easily decomposable material Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 and the amount of biogas G obtained by the flow meter 40.

[0094] An example of adjusting the readily decomposable substance Y2 using the adjusting device 8 will be described. In the adjusting device 8, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) is within a preset range (e.g., 1000ppm to 10000ppm), but if the amount of biogas G is less than the preset value, the amount of readily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 is reduced.

[0095] according to Figure 7 The illustrated structure allows the adjusting device 8 to adjust the supply amount and timing of easily decomposable material Y2 to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 and the amount of biogas G obtained by the flow meter 40. Therefore, the biogas digester 4 can be made to reach a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecular-weight degradation more quickly.

[0096] like Figure 8 As shown, in order to stir the contents of the biogas digester 4, a mixer 44 driven by a motor 42 is sometimes installed in the biogas digester 4. Figure 8 In the illustrated manner, the adjusting device 8 is electrically connected to the motor 42 to obtain the torque of the motor 42. Moreover, the adjusting device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of the easily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 and the torque of the motor 42.

[0097] An example of adjusting the amount of easily decomposable substance Y2 using the adjusting device 8 will be described. When the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) exceeds a preset upper limit (e.g., 10,000 ppm) and the torque of motor 42 is less than a preset set torque, the adjusting device 8 reduces the amount of easily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4. Conversely, when the concentration of volatile fatty acids is below a preset lower limit (e.g., 1,000 ppm) and the torque of motor 42 is greater than a preset set torque, the adjusting device 8 increases the amount of easily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4.

[0098] according to Figure 8The illustrated structure allows the adjusting device 8 to adjust the supply amount and timing of easily decomposable material Y2 to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 and the torque of the motor 42. Therefore, the biogas digester 4 can be made more quickly into a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecular-weight decomposition.

[0099] like Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 includes: a nitrogen supply device 46 that supplies a nitrogen-containing liquid Y4, such as ammonia, to the decomposable waste tank 16; and a nitrogen adjustment device 48 that adjusts the amount of nitrogen-containing liquid Y4 supplied from the nitrogen supply device 46 to the decomposable waste tank 16 based on the concentration of ammonia measured by the concentration measuring device 68 of the microbial reaction detection device 6.

[0100] In the case of municipal solid waste, the readily decomposable material Y2 stored in the readily decomposable material tank 16 sometimes contains a large amount of carbon and a small amount of nitrogen. Even if such readily decomposable material Y2 is supplied to the biogas digester 4, it may not be able to promote microbial-based low-molecular-weight fermentation (methane fermentation). According to Figure 9 The illustrated structure supplies nitrogenous liquid Y4 to the biogas digester 16 based on the ammonia concentration measured by the concentration measuring device 68, thus enabling the biogas digester 4 to more quickly reach a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecular-weight digestion. It should be noted that the adjusting device 8 can function as a nitrogen composition adjusting device 48, and the adjusting device 8 and the nitrogen composition adjusting device 48 can also be physically separated.

[0101] like Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 includes a measuring device 50 for measuring the conductivity of the liquid components of the contents of the biogas digester 4. The adjusting device 8 adjusts the supply amount and timing of the readily decomposable substance Y2 supplied to the biogas digester 4 based on the state of the biogas digester 4 detected by the microbial reaction detection device 6 and the measured values ​​from the measuring device 50. Figure 10 In the illustrated manner, the measuring device 50 is configured to measure the conductivity of the test sample X1 (that is, the diluted liquid after concentration measurement by the concentration measuring device 68) after it has been passed through the microbial reaction detection device 6.

[0102] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in this disclosure, as detection terminals of the waste treatment system 1 other than the microbial reaction detection device 6, examples include a modification state detection device 10 for detecting the state of the modification device 2 and an easily degradable substance state detection device 26 for detecting the state of the easily degradable substance tank 16. However, the waste treatment system 1 may also include detection terminals other than the modification state detection device 10 and the easily degradable substance state detection device 26. For example, detection terminals that detect raw material images (including hyperspectral images), the torque of the stirring motor of the modification device 2, the weight of the difficult-to-degrade substance separated by the separation device 14 and the weight of the easily degradable substance Y2, the motor torque of the easily degradable substance tank 16, the stirring motor torque of the biogas digester 4, the amount of biogas generated by the biogas digester, and the biogas properties (methane concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, moisture concentration, etc.).

[0103] On the other hand, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in this disclosure, the operating ends of the waste treatment system 1, other than the regulating valve 53 and the regulating valve 22 for easily degradable materials, include a modification device 2 for adjusting hydrolysis conditions and a cellulase supply device 28 for supplying cellulase to the easily degradable material tank 16. However, the waste treatment system 1 may also include operating ends other than the modification device 2 and the cellulase supply device 28. For example, operating ends for adjusting the separation and screening conditions of the separation device 14 (mesh size, conveying speed, amplitude, moisture adjustment, etc.) and the amount of additives supplied to the biogas digester 4 can be cited.

[0104] By setting up multiple detection and operation terminals in this way, the adjustment device 8 can determine and take countermeasures for issues such as poor methanogenic activity, inhibition of substance generation, increased amount of difficult-to-decompose substances, increased amount of easily-decomposed substances, decreased nitrogen content in raw materials, increased moisture content in raw materials, and increased plastic content.

[0105] like Figure 11 As shown, in one embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 further includes a concentration adjustment device 55. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 includes a dehydration device 57 for dehydrating the fermentation residue from the biogas digester 4. The dehydration device 57 is connected to the biodegradable material line 20 via a water injection pipe 59. A concentration adjustment device 55 (adjustment valve) is installed on the water injection pipe 59, which supplies water dehydrated from the fermentation residue to the biodegradable material line 20. This concentration adjustment device 55 is electrically connected to an adjustment device 8 and adjusts its opening according to instructions sent from the adjustment device 8. Based on the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device 68, this concentration adjustment device 55 adjusts the concentration of ammonia contained in the biodegradable material Y2.

[0106] according to Figure 11The illustrated structure allows for adjustment of the ammonia concentration in the contents of the biogas digester 4, maintaining the digester 4 in a low-decomposition state suitable for microbial utilization. To increase the fluidity of the easily decomposable substance Y2, water can be added to increase its moisture content. On the other hand, since the water after dehydrating the fermentation residue contains ammonia, nitrogen-containing substances can be added even when the nitrogen content in the contents of the biogas digester 4 is low. It should be noted that, although not shown, in another embodiment, the waste treatment system 1 includes a nitrogen component adding device for adding a nitrogen-containing additive to the easily decomposable substance Y2, and a concentration adjustment device 55 adjusts the amount of additive added to the easily decomposable substance Y2 via the nitrogen component adding device.

[0107] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a waste treatment method according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 12 As shown, the waste treatment method 100 includes: a step 102 of hydrolyzing the waste; a step 104 of using microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modifier Y1 containing at least solids in the hydrolyzed waste; a step 106 of detecting the state of the reduction of the molecular weight of the modifier Y1 in the biogas digester 4 (the state of the biogas digester 4); and a step 108 of adjusting the amount of the modifier Y1 in step 104 of reducing the molecular weight of the modifier Y1 using microorganisms based on the detected state of the reduction of the molecular weight of the modifier Y1. According to this method, the biogas digester 4 can be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based reduction of molecular weight.

[0108] The contents described in the above embodiments shall be understood as follows.

[0109] [1] The waste treatment system (1) disclosed herein comprises: at least one modification device (2) for hydrolyzing waste; a microbial reaction device (4) for using microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modifier containing at least solids in the waste after hydrolysis by the at least one modification device; a microbial reaction detection device (6) for detecting the state of the reduction of the molecular weight of the modifier in the microbial reaction device; and an adjustment device (8) for adjusting the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device.

[0110] Based on the structure described above [1], the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reactor are adjusted according to the low molecular weight state of the modified material in the microbial reactor detected by the microbial reaction detection device, so that the microbial reactor can be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low molecular weight.

[0111] [2] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in [1] above, the microbial reaction detection device includes: a collection device (62) that collects a portion of the modified material in the microbial reaction device as a test sample; a solid-liquid separation device (64) that separates the test sample into solid components and liquid components; a dilution device (66) that dilutes the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separation device; and a concentration measuring device (68) that measures the concentration of the liquid component diluted by the dilution device, i.e., the diluted liquid.

[0112] The low molecular weight state of the modified material in the microbial reactor (hereinafter referred to as the state of the microbial reactor) is sometimes determined based on the concentration of the liquid component of the modified material in the microbial reactor. According to the structure described above [2], the microbial reactor detection device includes a collection device, a solid-liquid separation device, a dilution device and a concentration measuring device, and therefore can detect the low molecular weight state of the modified material in the microbial reactor.

[0113] [3] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in [2] above, the measured value of the concentration measuring device includes at least one of the concentration of volatile fatty acids contained in the diluted liquid and the concentration of ammonia.

[0114] The state of a microbial reactor is sometimes determined based on at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in the liquid components of the reactor's contents. According to the structure described above [3], the concentration measuring device of the microbial reactor measures at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia contained in the diluted liquid, thus enabling the microbial reactor to detect its state. In cases where methanogen activity is deemed poor, a substance containing freeze-dried microorganisms can also be added to the methanogenic fermentation tank.

[0115] [4] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to [3] above, it further comprises: a modification state detection device (10) that detects the hydrolysis state of the waste in the modification device; and a hydrolysis condition adjustment device (12) that adjusts the hydrolysis conditions for hydrolyzing the waste by the modification device based on the hydrolysis state of the waste in the modification device detected by the modification state detection device.

[0116] According to the structure described above [4], the waste treatment system adjusts the hydrolysis conditions of the waste in the modification device based on the hydrolysis state of the waste in the modification device, so that the modified material suitable for the microbial reaction conditions can be supplied to the microbial reaction device, and the generation of valuable materials based on the microbial reaction can be carried out efficiently.

[0117] [5] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to [4] above, the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device includes a readily decomposable substance that can be decomposed into microorganisms within a predetermined time in the microbial reaction device, the device is adjusted based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device, the supply amount of the readily decomposable substance supplied to the microbial reaction device is adjusted, and the timing of supplying the readily decomposable substance to the microbial reaction device is adjusted.

[0118] Whether a microbial-based low-molecular-weight state is suitable depends largely on the amount and timing of the readily biodegradable material supplied to the microbial reactor. According to the structure described above [5], the adjusting device adjusts the amount and timing of the readily biodegradable material supplied to the microbial reactor, thus enabling the microbial reactor to be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low-molecular-weight state.

[0119] [6] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to [5] above, a separation device (14) is provided between at least one modification device and the microbial reaction device, the separation device (14) separating the modified material from the unsuitable material for microbial-based low-molecularization reaction in the microbial reaction device.

[0120] According to the structure described above [6], the waste treatment system has a separation device that can separate unsuitable reactants from the modified material, reducing the amount of unsuitable reactants supplied to the microbial reactor. As a result, the possibility of hindering low molecular weighting in the microbial reactor can be reduced, and low molecular weighting can be carried out efficiently.

[0121] [7] In several embodiments, based on the structure described above [6], the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor includes an easily decomposable substance that can be decomposed based on microorganisms within a predetermined time in the microbial reactor, and a difficult-to-decompose substance that takes a longer time to decompose based on microorganisms than the easily decomposable substance, and the separation device separates the modifier into the easily decomposable substance and the difficult-to-decompose substance.

[0122] According to the structure described above [7], the amount of recalcitrant substances supplied to the microbial reactor can be reduced. As a result, the possibility of hindering molecular weight reduction in the microbial reactor can be reduced, and molecular weight reduction can be carried out efficiently. In addition, easily degradable substances with high purity and fluidity can be supplied to the microbial reactor, so that the microbial reactor can be quickly made suitable for microbial-based molecular weight reduction.

[0123] [8] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to [7] above, the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor includes a decomposable substance capable of being decomposed into microorganisms within a predetermined time in the microbial reactor, and the system further comprises: a decomposable substance tank (16) for storing the decomposable substance; and a decomposable substance state detection device (26) for detecting the state of the decomposable substance in the decomposable substance tank.

[0124] Based on the structure described above [8], the state of the easily decomposable substances in the container can be determined.

[0125] [9] In several embodiments, based on the structure described above [8], the decomposable state detection device further includes a cellulase supply device (28), which detects at least one of the turbidity and sugar content of the decomposable substance in the decomposable substance tank, and supplies cellulase to the decomposable substance tank based on at least one of the turbidity and sugar content of the decomposable substance in the decomposable substance tank detected by the decomposable state detection device.

[0126] Regarding the turbidity and sugar content of the decomposable material in the decomposable material tank, the cellulose content contained in the decomposable material plays a dominant role. If waste containing a large amount of paper waste and plant waste is hydrolyzed, the decomposable material sometimes contains a large amount of cellulose. According to the structure described above [9], cellulase is supplied to the decomposable material tank based on at least one of the turbidity and sugar content of the decomposable material in the decomposable material tank, thereby promoting the reduction of cellulose in the microbial reactor.

[0127]

[10] In several embodiments, based on the structures described in [1] to [9] above, the adjustment device includes a storage unit (30) for storing a supply model, which is made based on the following information: a first detection value previously detected by the microbial reaction detection device; information on the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device based on the first detection value; and state information on the low molecular weight state of the modifier in the microbial reaction device. The amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device are calculated by inputting a second detection value detected by the microbial reaction detection device into the supply model.

[0128] Based on the structure described above

[10] , the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reactor can be calculated by a supply model based on the first detection value, the modified material information and the state information, so that the microbial reactor can be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low molecular weight.

[0129]

[11] In several embodiments, based on the structure described above

[10] , the supply model is created by performing machine learning on teacher data that establishes a correlation between the first detection value, the modified material information and the state information.

[0130] Based on the structure described above

[11] , the accuracy of the supply model can be improved.

[0131]

[12] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in

[10] or

[11] above, the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor includes a readily decomposable substance capable of microbial-based low-molecularization within a predetermined time in the microbial reactor. The system also includes at least one tank disposed between at least one modifier and the microbial reactor for storing the modifier. The supply model is made based on the following information: modifier information including at least one of the torque for stirring the contents of the modifier and the amount of readily decomposable substance contained in the modifier; tank information including at least one of the concentration of volatile fatty acids, the concentration of inhibitory substances, the concentration of ammonia, and pH contained in the contents of at least one tank; a first detection value previously detected by the microbial reactor detection device, which includes at least one of the concentration of volatile fatty acids, the concentration of inhibitory substances, the concentration of ammonia, pH, and the torque for stirring the contents of the microbial reactor contained in the contents of the microbial reactor; modifier information; and status information. The adjustment device calculates the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor by inputting the first detection value, the modifier information, and the tank information into the supply model.

[0132] According to the structure described above

[12] , the adjustment device can calculate the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor by inputting the first detection value, the information of the modification device and the tank information as explanatory variables respectively.

[0133]

[13] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in

[10] or

[11] above, the system further includes at least one tank disposed between at least one modification device and a microbial reactor for storing the modified material. The supply model is made based on the following information: modification device information including at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, inhibitory substances, ammonia, and pH contained in the contents of the modification device; tank information including at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, inhibitory substances, ammonia, and pH contained in the contents of at least one tank; a first detection value previously detected by a microbial reactor detection device, the first detection value including at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids, inhibitory substances, ammonia, and pH contained in the contents of the microbial reactor; modified material information; and status information. The adjustment device adjusts the amount of nitrogen supplied to the microbial reactor by inputting the first detection value, the modification device information, and the tank information into the supply model.

[0134] According to the structure described above

[13] , the adjustment device can calculate the amount of nitrogen supplied to the microbial reactor as the target variable by inputting the first detection value, the modification device information and the tank information as explanatory variables respectively.

[0135]

[14] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to

[13] above, the system further comprises a plurality of tanks disposed between at least one modification device and a microbial reaction device for storing the modified material, the plurality of tanks being arranged side by side with each other.

[0136] According to the structure described above

[14] , by pre-storing the modifier in any one of the tanks, the adjustment device can adjust the amount and timing of the modifier supplied from any one of the tanks to the microbial reactor.

[0137]

[15] In several embodiments, based on the structure described above

[14] , the modifier supplied to the microbial reactor includes readily degradable substances that can undergo microbial-based low-molecularization within a predetermined time in the microbial reactor, and recalcitrant substances that take longer to undergo microbial-based low-molecularization compared to readily degradable substances. The plurality of tanks includes: a readily degradable substance tank for storing readily degradable substances; a recalcitrant substance tank for storing recalcitrant substances; and a barrier substance avoidance tank for storing barrier substances contained in the modifier.

[0138] According to the structure described above

[15] , the amount of readily degradable substances supplied to the microbial reactor can be adjusted, and the amount of poorly degradable substances and hindering substances supplied to the microbial reactor can be reduced. As a result, the possibility of hindering molecular weight reduction in the microbial reactor can be reduced, and molecular weight reduction can be carried out efficiently.

[0139]

[16] In several embodiments, based on the structure described in any one of [1] to

[15] above, the microbial reaction detection device includes: a collection device that collects a portion of the modified material within the microbial reaction device as a test sample; a solid-liquid separation device that separates the test sample into solid components and liquid components; a dilution device that dilutes the liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separation device; and a concentration measuring device that measures the concentration of the liquid component diluted by the dilution device, i.e., the diluted liquid, wherein the measured value of the concentration measuring device includes the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid, and the system further includes a concentration adjustment device that adjusts the concentration of ammonia contained in the modified material based on the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device.

[0140] According to the structure described above

[16] , the concentration of ammonia contained in the contents of the microbial reactor can be adjusted.

[0141]

[17] The waste treatment method (100) of this disclosure includes: a step of hydrolyzing the waste (102); a step of using microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of a modifier containing at least solids in the hydrolyzed waste (104); a step of detecting the state of the reduction of the modifier (106); and a step of adjusting the amount of the modifier in the step of reducing the molecular weight of the modifier using microorganisms based on the detected state of the reduction of the modifier (108).

[0142] According to the method described above

[17] , the microbial reactor can be continuously maintained in a state suitable for microbial-based low molecular weight.

[0143] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0144] 1...Waste disposal system;

[0145] 2... Modification device;

[0146] 4... Biogas fermentation tank (microbial reaction device);

[0147] 6... Microbial reaction detection device;

[0148] 8... Adjustment device;

[0149] 10... Modification state detection device;

[0150] 12... Hydrolysis condition adjustment device;

[0151] 14...Separation device;

[0152] 16...canisters for easily biodegradable materials;

[0153] 18... Containers for difficult-to-decompose substances;

[0154] 26... Device for detecting the state of easily decomposable substances;

[0155] 28... Cellulase supply device;

[0156] 30... Storage Department;

[0157] 62... data acquisition device;

[0158] 64... Solid-liquid separation device;

[0159] 66... ​​Dilution apparatus;

[0160] 68...concentration measuring device;

[0161] 100... Waste disposal methods.

Claims

1. A waste treatment system, wherein, The waste treatment system includes: At least one modification device for hydrolyzing waste; A microbial reaction device that utilizes microorganisms to reduce the molecular weight of at least solid-containing modifiers in the waste after hydrolysis by the at least one modification device. A modified pipeline connecting the modified device and the microbial reactor, and for the circulation of the modified material supplied from the modified device to the microbial reactor; An adjusting valve is provided in the modified pipeline; A microbial reaction detection device for detecting the low-molecular-weight state of the modified material within the microbial reaction device; as well as The adjustment device is configured to send an instruction to the adjustment valve to adjust the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reaction device based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device. The adjustment device includes a storage unit for storing a supply model, which is created based on the following information: a first detection value previously detected by the microbial reaction detection device; and information on the amount and timing of the modifier supplied to the microbial reaction device in the state where the first detection value was detected. And status information including the status of the microbial reactor, external environmental information, and operational history information of the waste treatment system derived from the supply of the modified material based on the first detection value. The supply model is a machine learning model created by performing machine learning on teacher data that establishes a correlation between the first detection value, the modified material information, and the state information. It is configured such that, when the detection value detected by the microbial reaction detection device is input, the opening degree of the adjustment valve corresponding to the amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reaction device to maintain the low-molecular-weight state of the modified material within the microbial reaction device at a suitable level is output. The amount and timing of the modified material supplied to the microbial reactor are adjusted by inputting the second detection value currently detected by the microbial reaction detection device into the supply model and sending the opening degree output from the supply model to the adjustment valve. A separation device is further provided between the at least one modification device and the microbial reaction device, the separation device separating from the modified material substances unsuitable for low-molecular-weight reactions based on the microorganisms in the microbial reaction device. The modified material supplied to the microbial reactor includes readily degradable materials that can undergo microbial-based low-molecularization within a predetermined time in the microbial reactor, and recalcitrant materials that take longer to undergo microbial-based low-molecularization compared to the readily degradable materials. The separation device separates the modified material into the easily decomposable component and the difficult-to-decompose component. The modified pipeline includes an easily degradable pipeline for supplying the easily degradable substance to the microbial reactor, and a difficult-to-degrade substance pipeline for supplying the difficult-to-degrade substance to the microbial reactor. The regulating valve is a regulating valve for easily decomposed substances installed on the easily decomposed substance pipeline.

2. The waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein, The microbial reaction detection device includes: A collection device that collects a portion of the modified material within the microbial reaction device as a test sample; A solid-liquid separation device that separates the test sample into solid and liquid components; A dilution device for diluting the liquid components separated by the solid-liquid separation device; and A concentration measuring device for measuring the concentration of the liquid components, i.e., the diluted liquid, after being diluted by the dilution device.

3. The waste treatment system according to claim 2, wherein, The measured values ​​of the concentration measuring device include at least one of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia contained in the diluted liquid.

4. The waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The waste treatment system also includes: A modified state detection device that detects the hydrolysis state of the waste within the modified device; and A hydrolysis condition adjustment device adjusts the hydrolysis conditions for hydrolyzing the waste in the modification device based on the hydrolysis state of the waste detected by the modification state detection device.

5. The waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The adjustment device adjusts the supply amount of the easily decomposable substance to the microbial reaction device and the timing of supplying the easily decomposable substance to the microbial reaction device based on the detection value of the microbial reaction detection device.

6. The waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The waste treatment system also includes: A container for storing the readily degradable substances; and A device for detecting the state of easily degradable substances, which detects the state of the easily degradable substances in the container.

7. The waste treatment system according to claim 6, wherein, The easily degradable substance state detection device detects at least one of the turbidity and sugar content of the easily degradable substance in the easily degradable substance container. The waste treatment system also includes a cellulase supply device, which supplies cellulase to the easily degradable tank based on at least one of the turbidity and sugar content of the easily degradable material detected by the easily degradable material state detection device.

8. The waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The waste treatment system also includes multiple tanks, which are configured between the at least one modification device and the microbial reaction device, and store the modified material. The multiple tanks are arranged side by side.

9. The waste treatment system according to claim 8, wherein, The plurality of tanks includes: A container for storing the easily degradable substances; A container for storing recalcitrant substances; and A barrier substance avoidance container that stores the barrier substance contained in the modified material.

10. The waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein, The microbial reaction detection device includes: A collection device that collects a portion of the modified material within the microbial reaction device as a test sample; A solid-liquid separation device that separates the test sample into solid and liquid components; A dilution device for diluting the liquid components separated by the solid-liquid separation device; and A concentration measuring device for measuring the concentration of the liquid components after dilution by the dilution device, i.e., the diluted liquid. The concentration measurement value measured by the concentration measuring device includes the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid. The waste treatment system also includes a concentration adjustment device, which adjusts the concentration of ammonia contained in the modified material based on the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device.

11. The waste treatment system according to claim 3, wherein, The concentration measurement value measured by the concentration measuring device includes the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid. The waste treatment system also includes a concentration adjustment device, which adjusts the concentration of ammonia contained in the modified material based on the concentration of ammonia contained in the diluted liquid measured by the concentration measuring device.

12. The waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The modification device uses steam to hydrolyze the waste in batches.

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