Inertial sensor, atomic interferometer, method for adjusting the speed and path of travel of atoms, device for adjusting the speed and path of travel of atomic beams

Abstract

The adjusting device (500) sets M to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M, and simultaneously irradiates the atomic beam (131) with M lasers. The respective traveling paths of the M lasers cross the entry path of the atomic beam (131). The component in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the atomic beam of the sum of the respective radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers is nonzero. The component in the direction of the entry path of the atomic beam of the sum of the respective radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers is negative with respect to an atom having a speed greater than a prescribed speed and is positive with respect to the atom having a speed less than the prescribed speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adjustment technique for causing the atoms contained in an atomic beam to approach a predetermined velocity and to bend the path of the atomic beam, and to an atomic interference technique using the adjustment technique. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the development of laser technology, progress has been made in the research of atomic interferometers and inertial sensors utilizing atomic interference. As atomic interferometers, Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometers and Ramsey-Borde type atomic interferometers are known, for example (see, for example, non-patent literature 1).

[0003] In the basic scheme of a Mach-Zehnder atomic interferometer, the atomic beam is irradiated by two traveling standing waves, referred to as π / 2 pulses, and by a single traveling standing wave, referred to as a π pulse. Due to the interaction between the atomic beam and the traveling standing waves, the atomic beam splits into two atomic beams, which then intersect. As a result, an atomic beam is obtained representing the superposition of the states of the atoms corresponding to one side of the two atomic beams and the states of the atoms corresponding to the other side.

[0004] When an angular velocity in a plane containing, for example, two atomic beams is applied to a Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer, a phase difference is generated between the two atomic beams. This phase difference reflects the probability of the existence of the state of an atom corresponding to one side of the two atomic beams and the probability of the existence of the state of the atom corresponding to the other side. Therefore, the angular velocity can be detected by observing the atomic beam corresponding to the superposition of the states of the atoms corresponding to one side of the two atomic beams and the states of the atoms corresponding to the other side.

[0005] In addition, the following structure is known: when applying, for example, an angular velocity in a plane containing two atomic beams and an acceleration in a direction approximately orthogonal to the direction of travel of the atomic beams in that plane to a Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer, in order to detect the angular velocity and acceleration respectively, a traveling light standing wave is irradiated onto the two counter-propagating atomic beams (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

[0006] Existing technical documents

[0007] Patent documents

[0008] Non-patent literature 1: T.L. Gustavson, P. Bouyer and MA. Kasevich, “Precision Rotation Measurements with an Atom Interferometer Gyroscope,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2046-2049, Published 17 March 1997.

[0009] Non-patent literature 2: T. Muller, M. Gilowski, M. Zaiser, T. Wendrich, W. Ertmer, and E.M. Rasel, “A compact dual atom interferometer gyroscope based on laser-cooled rubidium,” Eur. Phys. JD 53, 273-281, 2009. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0011] As an atomic beam irradiated by a traveling light standing wave, a cold atomic beam with low velocity in the direction of travel of the atomic beam, narrow velocity expansion in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the atomic beam, and high throughput is preferred.

[0012] Regarding cold atom beams, it is generally known that the velocity distribution of atoms in the direction of travel of the cold atom beam has a width of about 20% of the most frequent value. For example, if the most frequent value of this distribution is 20 m / s, the distribution has a width of about ±2 m / s.

[0013] Therefore, the interaction time between the atoms contained in the atomic beam and the standing wave of the traveling light is not constant for each atom. This deviation in interaction time contributes to the reduction in the number of atoms involved in the interference, and thus to the reduced contrast between the states of the atoms obtained from the atomic interferometer and the states of the atoms corresponding to one side of the two atomic beams and the states of the atoms corresponding to the other side.

[0014] Furthermore, the population difference between the states of atoms corresponding to one side of the two atomic beams and the states of atoms corresponding to the other side, obtained from the atomic interferometer, is represented using a cosine function of the phase, which depends on the atomic velocity and the angular velocity applied to the atomic interferometer. When the angular velocity applied to the atomic interferometer is sufficiently large, the width of the atomic velocity distribution, encompassing atoms with various velocities, contributes to the variation in the population difference as cosine functions of various phases. Therefore, the cosine functions of various phases cancel each other out, reducing the contrast. In other words, the width of the atomic velocity distribution becomes the cause of the reduced dynamic range.

[0015] Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the width of the velocity distribution of atoms in the direction of travel of the cold atom beam.

[0016] Furthermore, in a structure that irradiates a traveling light standing wave with two backward-propagating atomic beams, it is preferable to be able to finely adjust the travel path of the atomic beams so that the two backward-propagating atomic beams travel in opposite directions.

[0017] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment technique for making the velocity of atoms contained in an atomic beam approach a predetermined velocity and for bending the travel path of the atomic beam, as well as an atomic interferometry technique and an inertial sensor using the adjustment technique.

[0018] Technical solutions for solving the problem

[0019] The technical matters described herein are not intended to explicitly or implicitly limit the invention as described in the claims, nor to indicate the possibility of such limitation being accepted by persons other than those who would benefit from the invention (e.g., the applicant and the patentee), but are merely described for the purpose of readily understanding the essential elements of the invention. A summary of the invention from other perspectives can be understood, for example, from the claims at the time of filing this patent application.

[0020] According to the adjustment technique disclosed herein, M is set as a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M, and M lasers are simultaneously irradiated by an atomic beam. The respective travel paths of the M lasers intersect the entry path of the atomic beam. The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the atomic beam is non-zero. The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the atomic beam is negative relative to atoms with a velocity greater than a predetermined velocity, and positive relative to atoms with a velocity less than a predetermined velocity.

[0021] The atomic interferometer and the inertial sensor both incorporate this adjustment technique.

[0022] Invention Effects

[0023] According to the adjustment technique of the present invention, the velocity of the atoms contained in the atomic beam can be made close to a predetermined velocity, and the travel path of the atomic beam can be curved. Furthermore, the atomic interferometer and inertial sensor according to the present invention improve the dynamic range. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural example of an atomic interferometer that uses an adjustment device.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial detailed view of an example of the structure of an atomic interferometer is shown.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial detailed view of an example of the structure of an atomic interferometer is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 This is an example of the structure of an adjustment device.

[0028] Figure 5 This is an example of the structure of an adjustment device.

[0029] Figure 6 This is an example of the structure of an adjustment device.

[0030] Figure 7 This is an example of the structure of an adjustment device.

[0031] Figure 8 This is an example of the optical structure of an interference device. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are for understanding the embodiments, and the dimensions of the constituent elements shown are not precise.

[0033] Include Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The inertial sensor 900 of the illustrated Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer 800 includes: cold atom beam generating devices 100a and 100b that continuously generate a cold atom beam with a narrow velocity extension in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel; adjusting devices 500a and 500b that bring the velocity of the atoms contained in the cold atom beam close to a predetermined velocity and bend the travel path of the cold atom beam; a traveling light standing wave generating device 300 that generates three traveling light standing waves; an interferometer 200 that obtains an atomic beam as a result of the interaction between the cold atom beam from the adjusting devices 500a and 500b and the three traveling light standing waves; and observation devices 400a and 400b that observe the atomic beam from the interferometer 200. In this embodiment, the cold atom beam generating devices 100a and 100b, the adjusting devices 500a and 500b, the interferometer 200, and the observation devices 400a and 400b are housed in a vacuum container (not shown). The Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer 800 has a structure that removes the observation devices 400a and 400b from the inertial sensor 900.

[0034] As cold atom beam generating apparatuses 100a and 100b, the apparatus disclosed in Reference 1 can be used, for example. Cold atom beam generating apparatuses 100a and 100b have the same structure. Cold atom beam generating apparatus 100y (y∈{a, b}) includes: an atomic source 110y that generates gaseous atoms within a region 101y of a vacuum container; a cold atom beam generator 130y that generates a cold atom beam 131y from a cluster of gaseous atoms trapped in space using a pushing laser 121y; and an atom beam deflector 140y that bends the travel path of the cold atom beam 131y (see reference). Figure 2 , Figure 3 The cold atom beam generator 130y, for example, has 2D... + -MOT mechanism, atomic beam deflector 140y, for example, has a 2D-MOT mechanism.

[0035] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-20636

[0036] Atomic source 110y generates gaseous atoms. Atomic source 110y has a structure of solid sublimation or liquid evaporation or volatilization. The solid or liquid is preferably composed of a single element of high purity. For example, when using strontium or calcium, a heating device is required, but when using rubidium or cesium, sufficient gaseous atoms can be obtained without a heating device due to the high saturated vapor pressure at room temperature (a temperature suitable for human activity) (i.e., easy vaporization).

[0037] Gaseous atoms (hereinafter referred to as atoms) filling a region 101y of a vacuum container are naturally supplied as 2D +- Cold atom beam generator 130y from the MOT mechanism. In 2D + In the MOT mechanism, as described later, a cold atom beam 131y is generated from a cold atom cluster trapped in the space within the coil using a driving laser 121y, and the driving laser 121y leaks out in the direction of travel of the cold atom beam 131y.

[0038] It should be noted that, considering the flux of the cold atom beam 131y achieved by the current technology, the total number of collisions per unit volume per unit time between the atoms filling a region 101y of the vacuum container and the cold atom beam 131y is sufficiently small (i.e., the mean free path length).

[0039] 2D + A simplified description of a MOT mechanism would be as follows: it consists of coils (e.g., Ioffe coils) used to generate a two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field, and three laser pairs arranged aligned with the three axes of symmetry of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field. 2D + The MOT mechanism traps atoms in space by applying a decaying force corresponding to the atom's velocity (forming an optical adhesive) to the atoms through three laser beams, and by applying a decaying force corresponding to the atom's position to the atoms through the radiation pressure difference of the laser beams (the force toward the zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field). This generates cold atom clusters. The radiation pressure difference of the laser beams is caused by the Zeeman effect displacement corresponding to the atom's position in the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field and the transition selection rule of the laser beams.

[0040] Two of the three laser pairs are circularly polarized light σ traveling relative to each other and having the same frequency (slightly lower than the resonance frequency of atoms). + σ - The pair (with σ) + The corresponding σ - By making σ + (Formed by reflection from a 1 / 4 wavelength reflector). The two laser pairs are orthogonal to each other (specifically, σ in one laser pair is, for example, the 1 / 4 wavelength reflector). + The travel path and the laser pair of the other party, for example, σ + The paths are orthogonal, and therefore, each of the two laser pairs is orthogonal to the zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field formed by the coils. Each of the two laser pairs is located in a 2D direction orthogonal to the zero magnetic field line. + -The atoms in the space within the MOT mechanism are laser-cooled.

[0041] The remaining laser pairs out of the three laser pairs are circularly polarized light σ traveling relative to each other on the zero magnetic field line of a two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field and having the same frequency (slightly lower than the resonance frequency of an atom). + σ -Yes. The laser pair is located in 2D along the direction of the zero magnetic field line. + - Atoms within the space of the MOT mechanism are laser-cooled. However, the beam intensity of one laser constituting the laser pair is set to be stronger than that of the other laser. Furthermore, the other laser is introduced into the space within the coil using an open-aperture reflector positioned at a 45-degree angle relative to the direction of the zero magnetic field line. Therefore, the other laser contains a "shadow (dark area) of the direction of the zero magnetic field line" corresponding to the aperture of the open-aperture reflector. Thus, through the difference in beam intensity and asymmetric scattering rate, one laser acts as an effective driving laser 121y, drawing out a cold atom beam 131y from the cold atom cluster trapped near the zero magnetic field line through the aperture of the open-aperture reflector. Additionally, as described above, one laser (the effective driving laser) leaks out together with the cold atom beam 131y from the aperture of the open-aperture reflector.

[0042] If we were to simply describe one example of a 2D-MOT mechanism, it would have the following characteristics: [The text abruptly ends here, suggesting an incomplete sentence or a missing section.] + - A structure in which a laser pair is placed on a zero magnetic field line that excludes a two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field in a MOT mechanism.

[0043] In such a cold atom beam generating apparatus 100y, the travel path of the cold atom beam 131y from the cold atom beam generator 130y (which coincides with the zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field) coincides with the travel path of the driving laser 121y (i.e., the laser of one of the laser pairs constituting the zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field).

[0044] The cold atom beam generator 130y and the atom beam deflector 140y are positioned in the following relationship: the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field in the 2D-MOT mechanism of the atom beam deflector 140y is aligned with the travel path of the cold atom beam 131y from the cold atom beam generator 130y (i.e., 2D). + - The zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field in the 2D-MOT mechanism intersects with the direction of the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field in the 2D-MOT mechanism. + The angle formed by the direction of the zero magnetic field line of the two-dimensional quadrupole magnetic field in the MOT mechanism is determined according to design conditions, but for example, it is set to meet the specified angle of 5 degrees to 60 degrees.

[0045] A cold atom beam 131y and a leaking driving laser 121y enter an atomic beam deflector 140y, which has a structure including a 2D-MOT mechanism. Based on the aforementioned positional relationship between the cold atom beam generator 130y and the atomic beam deflector 140y, the cold atom beam 131y and the leaking driving laser 121y intersect obliquely with the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field in the 2D-MOT mechanism of the atomic beam deflector 140y. Furthermore, due to the attenuation force caused by the 2D-MOT mechanism, corresponding to the velocity and position of the atoms, the travel direction of the cold atom beam 131y changes to the direction of the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field of the 2D-MOT mechanism. However, since the driving laser 121y is not affected by the 2D-MOT mechanism, its travel direction remains unchanged. Therefore, through the atomic beam deflector 140y, the cold atom beam 131y travels in a direction different from the travel direction of the driving laser 121y.

[0046] The cold atom beam 131y from the atom beam deflector 140y is a cold atom beam with low velocity in the direction of atom beam travel, narrow velocity extension in the direction perpendicular to the direction of atom beam travel, and high throughput.

[0047] The cold atom beam 131y from the atom beam deflector 140y enters the adjustment device 500y. The driving laser 121y, which travels in a direction different from the direction of travel of the cold atom beam 131y, is properly terminated and does not enter the adjustment device 500y.

[0048] Adjustment device 500a and adjustment device 500b have the same structure. However, the M in the description related to adjustment device 500a may be the same as or different from the M in the description related to adjustment device 500b. Additionally, the v in the description related to adjustment device 500a... d The description related to adjustment device 500b includes v. d Same or different.

[0049] The adjustment device 500y (y∈{a, b}) utilizes the simultaneous irradiation of multiple lasers to bring the velocity of the atoms contained in the cold atom beam 131y close to a predetermined velocity and to bend the travel path of the cold atom beam 131y. The adjustment device 500y includes a laser generating unit 501y that generates M lasers 511y. Here, M is a predetermined integer satisfying 3≤M. The total number M of lasers 511y is the number of lasers 511y seen by the atoms irradiated by the lasers 511y, and may not necessarily be consistent with the number of laser sources.

[0050] The laser generating unit 501y generates M lasers 511y that satisfy the following conditions.

[0051] (1) The respective travel paths 503y of the M lasers 511y intersect with the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y into the adjustment device 500y.

[0052] (a) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers 511y in the direction perpendicular to the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y toward the adjustment device 500y is non-zero.

[0053] (b) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers 511y, in the direction of the cold atom beam 131y entering the path 505y of the adjustment device 500y, relative to the velocity v specified above. d Atoms with high velocities are negative, relative to those with velocities greater than the specified velocity v. d Atoms with low velocity are positive.

[0054] Condition (1) is the same as the situation where the positional relationship between the respective travel paths 503y of the M lasers 511y and the travel path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y is neither parallel (where "parallel" includes the case where both are in sync) nor twisted. This condition is used to ensure that the lasers 511y used in the adjustment device 500y do not adversely affect the interference system of the interference device 200 described later, and to ensure that the lasers 511y act on the atoms contained in the cold atom beam 131y. It should be noted that travel paths 503y and 505y are the travel paths of the lasers 511y and the cold atom beam 131y, respectively, in the state just before they intersect. Conditions (a) and (b) will be described later.

[0055] The laser generating unit 501y can also generate M lasers 511y that meet the following additional conditions.

[0056] (2) M lasers 511y overlap each other in a predetermined spatial region through which the cooled atomic beam 131y passes.

[0057] Condition (2) is used to simultaneously induce the interaction between atoms and M lasers 511y, which helps to realize a small adjustment device 500y.

[0058] Explain conditions (a) and (b). Let j represent integers satisfying 1 ≤ j ≤ M, and let k be the wave vector of the j-th laser 511y. j The intensity of the j-th laser beam 511y is I. j The average radiation pressure vector F assigned by the j-th laser beam 511y to an atom moving at velocity v j The equation (1) gives the result. Here, λ511y is a plane wave, h is Planck's constant, Γ is the natural width of the transition, and I0 is the laser beamwidth. sat It is the saturation intensity of the transition, δj -k j ·v is the detuning from the resonant frequency f0, taking into account the Doppler effect, and the velocity |v| is sufficiently small compared to the speed of light c.

[0059]

Number 1

[0060]

[0061] in (I j / I sat ) / (1+(δ j -k j ·v) 2 / (Γ 2 In the case of / 4)) small, the radiation pressure vector F received by the atom from M lasers 511y is taken as the M average radiation pressure vector F. j The sum is given, therefore conditions (a) and (b) are expressed by equations (2) and (3) respectively. The magnitude of vector b in equation (2) is not zero, and a in equation (3) is a positive constant, e v It is the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y; in other words, it is the unit direction vector of the direction of motion of atoms moving at velocity v.

[0062]

Number 2

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Condition (a) is for irradiation by M lasers 511y, to bend the path of the cold atom beam 131y within the plane containing the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y and the vector b, i.e., to change the direction of travel of the cold atom beam 131y. Condition (b) is for irradiation by M lasers 511y, in the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y, from a point having a velocity v greater than a specified value. d Atoms with high speeds gain momentum, relative to those with speeds greater than the specified velocity v. d Atoms with low speeds are given the condition of momentum.

[0066] By appropriately setting the intensity I of laser 511y j And considering the Doppler effect, the detuning δ from the resonant frequency f0 j -k j •v refers to the entry path 505y of laser 511 and the frequency f of laser 511. j To satisfy conditions (a) and (b) or equations (2) and (3).

[0067] With a structure that satisfies at least conditions (1), (a), and (b), when the velocity of the atoms in the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atomic beam 131y is greater than the prescribed velocity, the atoms decelerate in the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atomic beam 131y; when the velocity of the atoms in the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atomic beam 131y is less than the prescribed velocity, the atoms accelerate in the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atomic beam 131y, and the atoms in the cold atomic beam 131y are subjected to force along the direction of vector b. Because the atoms in the cold atomic beam 131y are subjected to force along the direction of vector b, the direction of the exit path 507y of the cold atomic beam 131y from the adjustment device 500y is different from the direction of the entry path 505y of the cold atomic beam 131y. Therefore, the velocity of the atoms in the entry path of the cold atomic beam 131y is close to the prescribed velocity, and the entry path of the cold atomic beam 131a is curved.

[0068] An example of a structure that satisfies the above conditions (1), (a), and (b) is given. The velocity |v| is sufficiently small compared to the speed of light c, that is, for each j, by assuming equation (4) and thus ignoring the higher-order terms of the infinitesimal ε, a first-order approximation of equation (1) is given by equation (5).

[0069]

Number 3

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Therefore, for any j, in δ j =δ,I j When I = I, equation (6) holds.

[0073]

Number 4

[0074]

[0075] Here, when the condition of equation (7) holds, equations (6), (8), and (9) also hold. j It contains the unit direction vector e v And wave vector k j In the plane with unit direction vector e v The unit direction vector in the vertical direction.

[0076]

Number 5

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] As an example, let M = 4N (where N is a predetermined integer satisfying 1 ≤ N), n ∈ {1, ..., N}, and let it be related to the unit direction vector e. v Let e ​​be any unit direction vector in the vertical direction. n，1 e n，2 The wave vector k is determined according to equations (10), (11), (12) and (13). 4n-3 k 4n-2 k 4n-1 k 4n Among them, α n β n γ n η n These are constants greater than zero corresponding to n (i.e., α). n >0, β n >0, γ n >0, η n >0). Where, α n ≠η n Due to β n ≠0 and γ n ≠0 satisfies condition (1).

[0081]

Number 6

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] For the wave vector k determined by equations (10), (11), (12) and (13) 4n-3 k 4n-2 k 4n-1 k 4n Equations (14), (15), and (16) hold true, therefore equations (7) and (2) also hold true. That is, condition (a) is satisfied.

[0087]

Number 7

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Therefore, under the condition that δ < 0, by referring to equation (3), α is considered. n ≠0、ηn ≠0 and the right-hand side of equation (9) of equation (16) is replaced by (|v|-v) d )e v Therefore, the left side of equation (6) can be written as in equation (17).

[0092]

Number 8

[0093]

[0094] Therefore, by using the wave vector k j The frequency of the laser 511y is set to f j , frequency f 4n-3 f 4n-2 f 4n-1 f 4n By setting equations (18), (19), (20), and (21) to satisfy conditions (b), a structure satisfying condition (b) can be obtained. In this structure, the intensities of the laser beams 511y are equal, and δ < 0. The wave vector k of equations (18), (19), (20), and (21) is... 4n-3 k 4n-2 k 4n-1 k 4n They satisfy equations (10), (11), (12) and (13) respectively.

[0095]

Number 9

[0096] f 4n-3 =f0+δ+υ d k 4n-3 ·e υ (18)

[0097] f 4n-2 =f0+δ+υ d k 4n-2 ·e υ (19)

[0098] f 4n-1 =f0+δ+υ d k 4n-1 ·e υ (20)

[0099] f 4n =f0+δ+υ d k 4n ·e υ (twenty one)

[0100] When the cold atom beam 131y enters through the path 505y, i.e., the direction of atomic motion e... v With wave vector k j Let the angle be θ j At that time, α n +ηn ≠0、α n -η n ≠0、β n ≠0、γ n ≠0, therefore |θ j |≠π / 2 and|θ j |≠0. The sign of the angle is positive for counter-clockwise and negative for clockwise. If the contribution of the radiation pressure of the j-th laser 511y in the adjustment of atomic velocity is considered, then θ is preferred. j The condition cos(π / 4) ≤ |cosθ j If | < 1, and ease of installation is also considered, then θ is preferred. j The condition cos(π / 4) ≤ |cosθ j |≤cos(π / 10). With fine adjustments to the travel direction of the cold atom beam 131y, η n It is set to a tiny value.

[0101] The laser dispersion relation in vacuum is |k j |=f j / c. Therefore, frequency f 4n-3 f 4n-2 f 4n-1 and f 4n It can be determined by equations (22), (23), (24) and (25).

[0102]

Number 10

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] It should be noted that, according to the physical considerations of equation (14), the four lasers 511y (the 4n-3rd laser, the 4n-2nd laser, the 4n-1st laser, and the 4nth laser) pass through a predetermined spatial region S through which the cooled atomic beam 131y passes. n The elements overlap, therefore, according to this structural example, condition (2) is also satisfied for each n.

[0108] As a specific example Figure 4 An example structure is shown when M=4. Specifically, e n，1 =e n，2 Structures in the case of, for example Figure 5 As shown. Especially e n，1 =e n，2 And βn =γ n Structures in the case of, for example Figure 6 As shown.

[0109] Let's illustrate with another example. Let M = 3N (where N is a predetermined integer satisfying 1 ≤ N), n ∈ {1, ..., N}, and let e be any unit direction vector perpendicular to the unit direction vector ev. n The wave vector k is determined according to equations (26), (27) and (28). 3n-2 k 3n-1 k 3n Among them, α n β n η n These are the constants greater than zero corresponding to n (i.e., α). n >0, β n >0, η n >0). Where, α n ≠η n Due to β n ≠0 satisfies condition (1).

[0110]

Number 11

[0111] k 3n-2 =-2η n e υ -2β n e n (26)

[0112] k 3n-1 =(α n +η n )e υ +β n e n (27)

[0113] k 3n =-(α) n -η n )e υ +β n e n (28)

[0114] For the wave vector k determined by equations (26), (27) and (28) 3n-2 k 3n-1 k 3n Equations (29), (30), and (31) hold true, therefore equations (7) and (2) also hold true. That is, condition (a) is satisfied.

[0115]

Number 12

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Furthermore, under the condition that δ < 0, similar to the example of M = 4N, by referring to equation (3), the left side of equation (6) can be written as in equation (32).

[0120]

Number 13

[0121]

[0122] Therefore, by using the wave vector k j The frequency of the laser 511y is set to f j , frequency f 3n-2 f 3n-1 f 3n By setting conditions (33), (34), and (35) to satisfy, a structure satisfying condition (b) can be obtained. In this structure, the intensities of the laser beams 511y are equal, and δ < 0. The wave vector k of equations (33), (34), and (35) 3n-2 k 3n-1 k 3n They satisfy equations (26), (27), and (28) respectively.

[0123]

Number 14

[0124] f 3n-2 =f0+δ+υ d k 3n-2 ·e υ (33)

[0125] f 3n-1 =f0+δ+υ d k 3n-1 ·e υ (34)

[0126] f 3n =f0+δ+υ d k 3n ·e υ (35)

[0127] When the cold atom beam 131y enters through the path 505y, i.e., the direction of atomic motion e... v With wave vector k j Let the angle be θ j At that time, α n +η n ≠0、α n -η n ≠0、β n ≠0、ηn ≠0, therefore |θ j |≠π / 2 and|θ j |≠0. If the contribution of the radiation pressure of the j-th laser 511y in the adjustment of atomic velocity is considered, then θ is preferred. j The condition cos(π / 4) ≤ |cosθ j If | < 1, and ease of installation is also considered, then θ is preferred. j The condition cos(π / 4) ≤ |cosθ j |≤cos(π / 10). With fine adjustments to the travel direction of the cold atom beam 131y, η n It is set to a tiny value.

[0128] The dispersion relation of laser light in a vacuum is |k j |=f j / c. Therefore, frequency f 3n-2 f 3n-1 f 3n It can be determined by equations (36), (37) and (38).

[0129]

Number 15

[0130]

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] It should be noted that, similar to the example of M=4N, the three lasers 511y (the 3n-2nd laser, the 3n-1st laser, and the 3nth laser) pass through a predetermined spatial region S through which the cooled atomic beam 131y passes. n The elements overlap, therefore, according to this structural example, condition (2) is also satisfied for each n.

[0134] As a specific example Figure 7 The following is a structural example with M=3.

[0135] exist Figure 5 , 6 In each structure, it is also possible to be in relation to the unit direction vector e v and unit direction vector e n，1 (e n，2 In the orthogonal direction for spatial region S n Laser cooling is performed. Figure 7 In the structure, it is also possible to be in relation to the unit direction vector e v and unit direction vector e n Orthogonal directions for spatial region S n Laser cooling is performed.

[0136] In the above structural example, N > 1 is also possible, but in order to make the two cold atom beams 131a and 131b travel in opposite directions, and to change the respective travel directions of the cold atom beams 131a and 131b, N = 1 is sufficient.

[0137] For example, for rubidium atoms, the D2 line (5S) 1 / 2 →5P 3 / 2 The resonant frequency f0 of the transition is 384.23 THz, and the natural width Γ of the transition is about 6 MHz. Therefore, it is set to δ = -Γ / 2. Given that the highest frequency of the atomic velocity distribution along the entry path 505y of the cold atom beam 131y from the atomic beam deflector 140y is 20 m / s, it is set to v. d =20 [m / s], set as θ 4n-3 =π / 4 - Δ, θ 4n-2 = -π / 4 - Δ, θ 4n-1 =3π / 4 - Δ, θ 4n = -3π / 4 - Δ (where Δ is a small angle), and when M = 4, the adjustment device 500y can adopt a structure that satisfies the above conditions (1), (2), (a) and (b).

[0138] As can be seen from the implementation method, the feature of the adjustment device 500y is not the hardware structure of the laser generating unit 501y, but rather the condition that the M lasers 511y should satisfy, and the ability to use existing laser generating technology as the laser generating technology for 511y. Therefore, a detailed description of the hardware structure of the laser generating unit 501y is omitted. When the laser generating unit 501y generates a traveling light standing wave as described in the above structural example, the hardware structure of the laser generating unit 501y is, for example, modeled after the optical structure of the traveling light standing wave generating device 300 described later, and is implemented by a combination of a laser light source, an optical fiber, an AOM (acousto-optic modulator), a beam shaper, etc.

[0139] The individual atoms in the cold atom beam 131y from the adjustment device 500y are set to the same energy level by optical pumping as needed. The cold atom beam 131y, composed of atoms of the same energy level, enters the interferometer 200.

[0140] In the interferometer 200, cold atom beams 131a from adjustment device 500a and 131b from adjustment device 500b pass through three traveling optical standing waves 200a, 200b, and 200c, respectively. The first traveling optical standing wave 200a and the third traveling optical standing wave 200c possess the property referred to later as a π / 2 pulse, while the second traveling optical standing wave 200b possesses the property referred to later as a π pulse. Each traveling optical standing wave is generated by two lasers of different frequencies that propagate in opposite directions. The traveling optical standing waves drift at a speed sufficiently small compared to the speed of light c. However, the difference between the wavenumbers of one laser and the other laser is sufficiently small.

[0141] Here is an example of the optical structure of the traveling light standing wave generating device 300 that generates three traveling light standing waves 200a, 200b, and 200c (see reference). Figure 8 (This will be explained.)

[0142] The traveling light standing wave generation device 300 has three optical modulation devices 320a, 320b, and 320c corresponding to three traveling light standing waves 200a, 200b, and 200c. The optical modulation device 320x (x∈{a, b, c}) includes optical fibers 321x and 324x for laser propagation and a frequency shifter 323x connected to the optical fibers 321x and 324x and shifting the frequency of the laser. The frequency shifter 323x is not limited, but may be, for example, an AOM or an EOM (electro-optic modulator).

[0143] The laser L from laser source 311 is frequency-shifted to a predetermined frequency by EOM 312. The frequency-shifted laser L is then split into two beams by fiber coupler 313a. One of the two lasers L emitted from fiber coupler 313a is split into two beams by fiber coupler 313c, and the other of the two lasers L emitted from fiber coupler 313a is split into two beams by fiber coupler 313b. One of the two lasers L emitted from fiber coupler 313b is split into two beams by fiber coupler 313d, and the other of the two lasers L emitted from fiber coupler 313b is split into two beams by fiber coupler 313e.

[0144] One of the two laser beams L emitted from the fiber coupler 313c is attenuated by a VOA (Variable Optical Attenuator) 314a, and then shaped into a desired beam (e.g., a Gaussian beam) by a beam shaper 315a, which is composed of, for example, lenses and collimators. The resulting beam L a，1The laser beam enters the interferometer 200. The other of the two lasers L emitted from the fiber coupler 313c is guided to AOM 323a by fiber optic cable 321a without traversing the atomic beam. One end of fiber optic cable 321a is connected to fiber coupler 313c via an optical connector (not shown). Figure 8 For ease of visibility, the illustration of the middle part of fiber 321a has been omitted.

[0145] One of the two laser beams L emitted from the fiber coupler 313d is attenuated by VOA 314b and then shaped into the desired beam (e.g., a Gaussian beam) by a beam shaper 315b, which is composed of, for example, lenses and collimators. The resulting beam L b，1 The laser beam enters the interferometer 200. The other of the two lasers L emitted from the fiber coupler 313d is guided to the AOM 323b by fiber optic cable 321b without traversing the atomic beam. One end of fiber optic cable 323b is connected to the fiber coupler 313d via an optical connector (not shown). Figure 8 For ease of visibility, the illustration of the middle section of fiber optic 321b has been omitted.

[0146] One of the two laser beams L emitted from the fiber coupler 313e is attenuated by the VOA 314c and then shaped into the desired beam (e.g., a Gaussian beam) by a beam shaper 315c, such as a lens and collimator. The resulting beam L c，1 The laser beam enters the interferometer 200. The other of the two laser beams L emitted from the fiber coupler 313e is guided to the AOM 323c by fiber optic cable 321c without traversing the atomic beam. One end of fiber optic cable 323c is connected to the fiber coupler 313e via an optical connector (not shown). Figure 8 For ease of visibility, the illustration of the middle part of fiber optic 321c has been omitted.

[0147] The other end of optical fiber 321x (x∈{a, b, c}) is connected to frequency shifter 323x via an optical connector, and laser L enters frequency shifter 323x. The frequency of laser L is shifted by frequency shifter 323x. The shift amount depends on the frequency f of the input signal to frequency shifter 323x. x As a result, the laser L is phase-modulated. One end of the fiber 324x is connected to the frequency shifter 323x via an optical connector, and the laser L emitted from the frequency shifter 323x enters the fiber 324x. The laser L exits from the optical connector mounted at the other end of the fiber 324x and is shaped into the desired beam (e.g., a Gaussian beam) by a beam shaper 316x, which is composed of, for example, lenses and collimators. The resulting beam L... x，2 Enter the interference device 200.

[0148] The result is that the laser L without optical modulation device 320x x，1And the laser L after passing through the optical modulation device 320x x，2 Propagating backward in free space, we obtain a traveling light standing wave 200x (x∈{a, b, c}).

[0149] In the atomic interference system of the interferometer 200, the inter-level transitions of atoms induced by light irradiation are utilized. Therefore, from the viewpoint of avoiding decoherence caused by spontaneous emission, inter-level transitions with longer lifetimes are generally utilized. For example, in the case where the atomic beam is an alkali metal atomic beam, stimulated Raman transitions between two energy levels contained in the hyperfine structure of the ground state are utilized. In the hyperfine structure, the lowest energy level is designated as |g>, and the energy levels higher than |g> are designated as |e>. Stimulated Raman transitions between two energy levels are typically achieved by a traveling standing wave formed by the relative irradiation of two lasers with a phase difference frequency approximately equal to the resonance frequencies of |g> and |e>.

[0150] The following describes atomic interference utilizing a two-photon Raman process based on a traveling light standing wave. The interaction between the cold atom beam 131a from the adjustment device 500a and the three traveling light standing waves will be explained. However, except for the case where cold atom beam 131b is mentioned, simply replacing "cold atom beam 131a" with "cold atom beam 131b," "first traveling light standing wave 200a" with "third traveling light standing wave 200c," "third traveling light standing wave 200c" with "first traveling light standing wave 200a," and "cold atom beam 131c" with "cold atom beam 131d" in the following description will yield an explanation of the interaction between the cold atom beam 131b from the adjustment device 500b and the three traveling light standing waves.

[0151] When the cold atom beam 131a passes through the first traveling light standing wave 200a, the initial state of each atom, |g,p>, changes to a superposition of |g,p> and |e,p+h(k1-k2)>. Here, p is the momentum of the atom, k1 is the wavenumber of one of the two lasers generating the traveling light standing wave, and k2 is the wavenumber of the other laser (in...). Figure 2 , Figure 3In this context, p0 = p, p1 = p + h(k1 - k2)). For example, by appropriately setting the passage time Δt of the first traveling light standing wave 200a (i.e., the interaction time between the traveling light standing wave and the atom), the ratio of the existence probability of |g,p> to the existence probability of |e,p + h(k1 - k2)> immediately after the passage of the first traveling light standing wave 200a is 1:1. When the atom transitions from |g,p> to |e,p + h(k1 - k2)> through the absorption and emission of two relatively traveling photons, it gains the momentum of two photons. Therefore, the direction of motion of the atom in the state |e,p + h(k1 - k2)> deviates from the direction of motion of the atom in the state |g,p>. That is, when the cold atom beam 131a passes through the first traveling light standing wave 200a, the cold atom beam 131a splits into an atomic beam composed of atoms in state |g, p> and an atomic beam composed of atoms in state |e, p+h(k1-k2)> in a 1:1 ratio. The first traveling light standing wave 200a is called a π / 2 pulse, which functions as a splitter relative to the cold atom beam 131a and as a combiner relative to the cold atom beam 131b, as described later.

[0152] After splitting, the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |g,p> and the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |e,p+h(k1-k2)> pass through the second traveling light standing wave 200b. At this time, by setting, for example, the passage time of the second traveling light standing wave 200b, i.e., the interaction time between the traveling light standing wave and the atoms, to 2Δt, the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |g,p> reverses during its passage through the second traveling light standing wave 200b to become the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |e,p+h(k1-k2)>, and the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |e,p+h(k1-k2)> reverses during its passage through the second traveling light standing wave 200b to become the atomic bundle composed of atoms in state |g,p>. At this time, for the former, as described above, the direction of travel of the atoms transitioning from |g,p> to |e,p+h(k1-k2)> deviates from the direction of motion of the atoms in state |g,p>. As a result, the direction of travel of the atomic beam composed of atoms in the state |e,p+h(k1-k2)> after passing through the second traveling light standing wave 200b is parallel to the direction of travel of the atomic beam composed of atoms in the state |e,p+h(k1-k2)> after passing through the first traveling light standing wave 200a. Furthermore, for the latter, when an atom transitions from |e,p+h(k1-k2)> to |g,p> through the absorption and emission of two relatively traveling photons, it loses the same amount of momentum as it gained from the two photons. That is, the direction of motion of the atom transitioning from |e,p+h(k1-k2)> to |g,p> deviates from the direction of motion of the atom in the state |e,p+h(k1-k2)> before the transition. As a result, the direction of travel of the atomic beam composed of atoms in state |e,p> after passing through the second traveling light standing wave 200b is parallel to the direction of travel of the atomic beam composed of atoms in state |e,p> after passing through the first traveling light standing wave 200a.

[0153] The second-order standing wave 200b is called the π pulse and functions as a mirror for the atomic beam.

[0154] After reversal, the atomic beams composed of atoms in state |g, p> and |e, p+h(k1-k2)> pass through the third advancing light standing wave 200c. Let t1 = T be the time when the cold atomic beam 131a passes through the first advancing light standing wave 200a, and t2 = T + ΔT be the time when the two split atomic beams pass through the second advancing light standing wave 200b. Then, the time when the two reversed atomic beams pass through the third advancing light standing wave 200c is t3 = T + 2ΔT. At time t3, the atomic beams composed of atoms in the reversed state |g, p> and |e, p+h(k1-k2)> intersect each other. At this point, by appropriately setting, for example, the transit time of the third traveling light standing wave 200c, i.e., the interaction time between the traveling light standing wave and the atoms, specifically, by setting the transit time of the third traveling light standing wave 200c to the aforementioned Δt, a cold atom beam 131b corresponding to the superposition state is obtained. This superposition state is the superposition state of each atom's |g,p> and |e,p+h(k1-k2)> contained in the intersection region of an atom beam composed of atoms in state |g,p> and |e,p+h(k1-k2)>. This cold atom beam 131c is the output of the interference device 200. The third traveling light standing wave 200c is called a π / 2 pulse, which functions as a combiner relative to the cold atom beam 131a and as a splitter relative to the aforementioned cold atom beam 131b.

[0155] Next, observation devices 400a and 400b will be described. Since observation devices 400a and 400b have the same structure, only observation device 400a will be described. The description of observation device 400b can be obtained by simply replacing "cold atom beam 131c" with "cold atom beam 131d," "probe light 408a" with "probe light 408b," "photodetector 409a" with "photodetector 409b," and "third traveling light standing wave 200c" with "first traveling light standing wave 200a" in the following description related to observation device 400a. Observation device 400a illuminates the probe light 408a with the cold atom beam 131c from interferometer 200, and uses photodetector 409a to detect the fluorescence from atoms in the state |e, p+h(k1-k2)>. Examples of photodetectors 409a include photomultiplier tubes and fluorescence photodetectors. Alternatively, when using a channel multiplier as a photodetector 409a, the atomic beam that has passed through one of the two paths after the third traveling light standing wave 200c can be replaced by the probe light and plasma-ionized by laser, and the ions can be detected by the channel multiplier.

[0156] When the Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer 800 is applied to an atomic gyroscope as an inertial sensor 900, the observation devices 400a and 400b can also process angular velocity and acceleration as physical quantities based on the population of excited-state atoms. When the Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer 800 is subjected to angular velocity and acceleration in a plane including the two paths of the atomic beam from the first traveling light standing wave 200a to the third traveling light standing wave 200c, a phase difference is generated between the two paths of the atomic beam from the first traveling light standing wave 200a to the third traveling light standing wave 200c. This phase difference reflects the probability of the existence of state |g> and state |e> of each atom (containing in cold atom beam 131c) that has passed through the third traveling light standing wave 200c, and further reflects the probability of the existence of state |g> and state |e> of each atom (containing in cold atom beam 131d) that has passed through the first traveling light standing wave 200a. Therefore, the observation devices 400a and 400b can detect angular velocity and acceleration based on the population of atoms in excited state |e> by respectively observing the cold atom beams 131c and 131d from the interferometer 200, i.e., by measuring, for example, the population of atoms in excited state |e>. In structures where two backward-propagating atom beams are irradiated with traveling light standing waves, the process of detecting angular velocity and acceleration based on the population of atoms in excited state is known, and therefore its description is omitted (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2 mentioned above).

[0157] <Variation Example>

[0158] For example, in the above embodiment, a Mach-Zehnder type atomic interference is used, which involves one split, one reversal, and one mixing via three traveling light standing waves. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. The atomic interferometer of the present invention can also be implemented, for example, as an embodiment utilizing a multi-level Mach-Zehnder type atomic interference that involves multiple splits, multiple reversals, and multiple mixing. For information on such a multi-level Mach-Zehnder type atomic interference, please refer to Reference 2.

[0159] (Reference 2) Takatoshi Aoki et al., "High-finesse atomic multiple-beaminterferometer comprised of copropagating stimulated Raman-pulse fields," Phys.Rev.A 63, 063611(2001)-Published 16May 2001.

[0160] Furthermore, the atomic interferometer of the present invention is not limited to a Mach-Zehnder type atomic interferometer; for example, it can also be a Ramsey-Borde type atomic interferometer.

[0161] In the above embodiment, the cold atom beam generator 130y (y∈{a, b}) has 2D + -The structure of the MOT mechanism. However, the cold atom beam generator 130y only needs to use a driving laser to generate a cold atom beam from atoms trapped in space, and is therefore not limited to 2D. + - The structure of the MOT mechanism may also include, for example, a structure including an LVIS mechanism (e.g., reference 3), a structure including a 2D-MOT mechanism (e.g., reference 4), a structure including a 2D-HP MOT mechanism (e.g., reference 5), or a structure that uses a laser and a pyramidal aperture mirror to generate a cold atom beam (e.g., reference 6).

[0162] (Reference 3) Z.Lu, K.Corwin, M.Renn, M.Anderson, E.Cornell and C.Wieman: "Low-Velocity Intense Source of Atoms from a Magneto-optical Trap," Phys.Rev.Lett., 77, 16, pp.3331-3334 (1996).

[0163] (Reference 4) J. Schoser, A. Batar, R. Low, V. Schweikhard, A. Grabowski, Yu. B. Ovchinnikov, and T. Pfau, "Intense source of cold Rb atoms from a pure two-dimensional magneto-optical trap," PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 66, 023410 2002.

[0164] (Reference 5) Jia-Qiang Huang, Xue-Shu Yan, Chen-Fei Wu, Jian-Wei Zhang, andLi-Jun Wang, "Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing," Chin.Phys.BVol.25, No.6 063701(2016).

[0165] (Reference 6) J.Arlt, O.Marago, S.Webster, S.Hopkins and C.Foot: "Apyramidal magnetooptical trap as a source of slow atoms," Opt.Commun., December, pp.303-309 (1998).

[0166] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the atomic beam deflector 140y has a structure including a 2D-MOT mechanism. However, the atomic beam deflector 140y only needs to deflect the cold atomic beam from the cold atomic beam generator 130y, and is therefore not limited to a structure including a 2D-MOT mechanism. For example, it may also have a structure including a moving optical adhesive mechanism.

[0167] A simplified description of a mobile optical adhesive mechanism includes at least one laser pair. The laser pair forms a traveling light standing wave. The traveling light standing wave imparts velocity to atoms in its drift direction. In the case where the mobile optical adhesive mechanism includes two laser pairs, each laser pair forms a traveling light standing wave. Atoms entering the intersection region of the two traveling light standing waves are imparted velocity in the resultant direction of the drift directions of the two traveling light standing waves.

[0168] When the atomic beam deflector 140y has a structure including a moving optical adhesive mechanism, the cold atomic beam generator 130y and the atomic beam deflector 140y are in the following positional relationship: the travel path of the traveling light standing wave in the moving optical adhesive mechanism intersects (preferably orthogonally) the travel path of the cold atomic beam from the cold atomic beam generator.

[0169] The cold atom beam 131y and the leaking driving laser 121y enter the atomic beam deflector 140y, which has a structure including a moving optical adhesive mechanism. Based on the aforementioned positional relationship between the cold atom beam generator 130y and the atomic beam deflector 140y, the cold atom beam 131y and the leaking driving laser 121y intersect obliquely with the travel path of the standing wave of the traveling light in the moving optical adhesive mechanism of the atomic beam deflector 140y. Furthermore, the travel direction of the cold atom beam 131y changes according to the principle of the moving optical adhesive. However, since the driving laser 121y is not affected by the moving optical adhesive mechanism, its travel direction remains unchanged. Therefore, through the atomic beam deflector 140y, the cold atom beam 131y travels in a direction different from the travel direction of the driving laser 121y. Therefore, the protection scope of the inertial sensor, atomic interferometer, and adjustment device described in the claims is not limited to the protection scope in the presence of lasers and atomic beams, but is also intended to include the protection scope in the absence of lasers and atomic beams.

[0170] <Supplement>

[0171] Conditions (1), (2), (a), and (b) above will be explained. For example, in the case of manufacturing or transferring an atomic interferometer 800, at that point in time, lasers 511a and 511b and atomic beams 131a and 131b are not present in the atomic interferometer 800. However, for example, the travel paths 503a and 503b of lasers 511a and 511b can be determined based on the orientation of the laser exit or the angle of the reflector. Furthermore, for example, the travel paths 505a and 505b of atomic beams 131a and 131b can be determined based on the positional relationship between the cold atomic beam generating devices 100a and 100b, the adjusting devices 500a and 500b, and the interferometer 200. That is, even in the absence of lasers 511a and 511b and atomic beams 131a and 131b, it is possible to determine that conditions (1) and (2) are valid. Furthermore, based on the hardware structure of the laser generating units 501a and 501b, the intensity and frequency of the lasers 511a and 511b that can be generated by the laser generating units 501a and 501b can be determined. Therefore, even in the absence of lasers 511a and 511b and atomic beams 131a and 131b, it is possible to determine the validity of conditions (a) and (b).

[0172] Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to specific systems, devices, or components thereof to adapt to the teachings of the invention without departing from its essential scope. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention, but includes all embodiments contained in the appended claims.

[0173] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., does not indicate order or importance; rather, these terms are used to distinguish elements. The terminology used in this specification is for describing embodiments and is in no way intended to limit the invention. When used in this specification and / or the appended claims, the term "comprising" and its variations expressly indicate the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The term "and / or," if present, includes any and any combination of one or more associated listed elements. In the claims and specification, unless otherwise stated, "connected," "joined," "joined," "linked," or their synonyms, and all their forms, do not necessarily deny the presence of more than one intermediate element between two elements that are, for example, "connected" or "joined" or "linked" to each other.

[0174] Unless otherwise stated, all terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Furthermore, terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and should not be ideally or excessively formally interpreted unless explicitly defined.

[0175] It should be understood that numerous techniques and steps are disclosed in this specification. Each of these has its own advantages and can be used individually or in combination with one or more other disclosed methods, or as appropriate, with all other disclosed methods. Therefore, to avoid becoming cluttered, any possible combinations of individual techniques or steps are avoided in this specification. However, it should be understood and read that such combinations of the specification and claims are fully within the scope of this invention and the claims.

[0176] The structures, materials, actions, and equivalents corresponding to all functional elements combined with the means or steps in the following claims, if they exist, are intended to include structures, materials, or actions for performing functions in combination with other claimed elements.

[0177] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Various modifications and variations are permitted without departing from the spirit of the invention. The selected and described embodiments are used to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application. The present invention is used in various embodiments with various modifications or variations, which are determined according to the intended use. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are intended to provide the same protection in accordance with the broad interpretation given in a fair, legal and impartial manner.

[0178] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0179] 100a Cold Atom Beam Generation Device

[0180] 100b Cold Atom Beam Generation Device

[0181] Area 101a

[0182] Area 101b

[0183] 110a Atomic Source

[0184] 110b atomic source

[0185] 121a Driven Laser

[0186] 121b drives the laser

[0187] 130a Cold Atom Beam Generator

[0188] 130b Cold Atom Beam Generator

[0189] 140a Atomic Beam Deflector

[0190] 140b Atomic Beam Deflector

[0191] 131a Cold Atom Beam

[0192] 131b Cold Atom Beam

[0193] 131c cold atom beam

[0194] 131d cold atom beam

[0195] 200 Interferometer

[0196] 200a First-pass optical standing wave

[0197] 200b Second line of pre-wavelength standing wave

[0198] 200c Third line of pre-wavelength standing wave

[0199] 300 traveling light standing wave generator

[0200] 400a Observation Device

[0201] 400b observation device

[0202] 408a Probe Light

[0203] 408b Probe Light

[0204] 409a Photodetector

[0205] 409b photodetector

[0206] 500a Adjustment Device

[0207] 500b Adjustment Device

[0208] 501a Laser Generation Unit

[0209] 501b Laser Generation Unit

[0210] 503a Path of Travel

[0211] 503b Path of Travel

[0212] 505a Access Path

[0213] 505b Access Path

[0214] 507a Exit Path

[0215] 507b Exit Path

[0216] 511a laser

[0217] 511b laser

[0218] 800 Atomic Interferometer

[0219] 900 Inertial Sensor

[0220] S n spatial region

Claims

1. An inertial sensor, characterized in that, include: The first cold atom beam generating device continuously generates a cooled first atom beam; The second cold atom beam generating device continuously generates a cooled second atom beam; A first adjustment device that brings the velocity of the first atoms contained in the first atomic beam close to a first predetermined velocity and bends the travel path of the first atomic beam. The second adjustment device brings the velocity of the second atoms contained in the second atomic beam close to the second predetermined velocity and bends the travel path of the second atomic beam. A traveling light standing wave generator that generates three or more traveling light standing waves; An interferometer that receives a third atomic beam resulting from the interaction of a first atomic beam from the first adjustment device with the three or more traveling light standing waves, and a fourth atomic beam resulting from the interaction of a second atomic beam from the second adjustment device with the three or more traveling light standing waves; A first observation device observes the third atomic beam from the interferometer; A second observation device observes the fourth atomic beam from the interferometer. The first adjustment device includes a laser generating unit, which sets M1 to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M1, and generates M1 lasers satisfying the following conditions (A), (B), and (C). The second adjustment device includes a laser generating unit, which sets M2 to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M2, and generates M2 lasers satisfying the following conditions (D), (E), and (F). (A) The respective travel paths of the M1 lasers intersect with the entry path of the first atomic beam into the first adjustment device; (B) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M1 lasers in the direction perpendicular to the path of the first atomic beam toward the first adjustment device is non-zero; (C) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M1 lasers, in the direction of the first atomic beam's entry path toward the first adjustment device, is negative relative to the first atom having a velocity greater than the first predetermined velocity, and positive relative to the first atom having a velocity less than the first predetermined velocity. (D) The respective travel paths of the M2 lasers intersect with the entry path of the second atomic beam into the second adjustment device; (E) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M2 lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the second atomic beam toward the second adjustment device is non-zero; (F) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M2 lasers in the direction of the second atomic beam entering the second adjustment device is negative relative to the second atom having a velocity greater than the second specified velocity, and positive relative to the second atom having a velocity less than the second specified velocity.

2. An atomic interferometer, characterized in that, include: The first cold atom beam generating device continuously generates a cooled first atom beam; The second cold atom beam generating device continuously generates a cooled second atom beam; A first adjustment device that brings the velocity of the first atoms contained in the first atomic beam close to a first predetermined velocity and bends the travel path of the first atomic beam. The second adjustment device brings the velocity of the second atoms contained in the second atomic beam close to the second predetermined velocity and bends the travel path of the second atomic beam. A traveling light standing wave generator that generates three or more traveling light standing waves; An interferometer that receives a third atomic beam resulting from the interaction of a first atomic beam from the first adjustment device with the three or more traveling light standing waves, and a fourth atomic beam resulting from the interaction of a second atomic beam from the second adjustment device with the three or more traveling light standing waves; The first adjustment device includes a laser generating unit, which sets M1 to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M1, and generates M1 lasers satisfying the following conditions (A), (B), and (C). The second adjustment device includes a laser generating unit, which sets M2 to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M2, and generates M2 lasers satisfying the following conditions (D), (E), and (F). (A) The respective travel paths of the M1 lasers intersect with the entry path of the first atomic beam into the first adjustment device; (B) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M1 lasers in the direction perpendicular to the path of the first atomic beam toward the first adjustment device is non-zero; (C) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M1 lasers, in the direction of the first atomic beam's entry path toward the first adjustment device, is negative relative to the first atom having a velocity greater than the first predetermined velocity, and positive relative to the first atom having a velocity less than the first predetermined velocity. (D) The respective travel paths of the M2 lasers intersect with the entry path of the second atomic beam into the second adjustment device; (E) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M2 lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the second atomic beam toward the second adjustment device is non-zero; (F) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M2 lasers in the direction of the second atomic beam entering the second adjustment device is negative relative to the second atom having a velocity greater than the second specified velocity, and positive relative to the second atom having a velocity less than the second specified velocity.

3. The atomic interferometer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first cold atom beam generating apparatus includes: First atomic source; A first cold atom beam generator uses a first driving laser to generate the first atomic beam from atoms trapped in space from the first atomic source; A first atomic beam deflector, which receives the first atomic beam from the first cold atomic beam generator; The first atomic beam deflector includes a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism or a movable optical adhesive mechanism. The travel path of the first atomic beam from the first cold atom beam generator is the same as the travel path of the first driving laser. In the case where the first atomic beam deflector includes a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism, the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field in the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism intersects with the travel path of the first atomic beam from the first cold atomic beam generator. In the case where the first atomic beam deflector includes a movable optical adhesive mechanism, the travel path of the standing wave in the movable optical adhesive mechanism intersects with the travel path of the first atomic beam from the first cold atomic beam generator.

4. The atomic interferometer as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The second cold atom beam generating apparatus includes: Second atomic source; The second cold atom beam generator uses a second driving laser to generate the second atomic beam from atoms trapped in space from the second atomic source; A second atomic beam deflector, which allows the second atomic beam from the second cold atomic beam generator to enter; The second atomic beam deflector includes a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism or a movable optical adhesive mechanism. The travel path of the second atomic beam from the second cold atom beam generator is the same as the travel path of the second driving laser. In the case where the second atomic beam deflector includes a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism, the zero magnetic field line of the quadrupole magnetic field in the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap mechanism intersects with the travel path of the second atomic beam from the second cold atomic beam generator. In the case where the second atomic beam deflector includes a movable optical adhesive mechanism, the travel path of the standing wave in the movable optical adhesive mechanism intersects with the travel path of the second atomic beam from the second cold atomic beam generator.

5. An adjustment method, wherein the adjustment method causes the velocity of atoms contained in an atomic beam to approach a predetermined velocity and causes the travel path of the atomic beam to bend, the adjustment method being characterized in that, The procedure involves setting M to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M, and simultaneously irradiating the atomic beam with M lasers satisfying the following conditions (A), (B), and (C). (A) The respective travel paths of the M lasers intersect with the entry path of the atomic beam; (B) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the atomic beam is non-zero; (C) The component of the atomic beam's entry path, which is the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers, is negative relative to the atom having a velocity greater than the specified velocity, and positive relative to the atom having a velocity less than the specified velocity.

6. The adjustment method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The atomic beam is a cold atomic beam, wherein the cold atomic beam consists of atoms whose velocity is suppressed in a direction perpendicular to the path of travel of the cold atomic beam.

7. An adjustment device that adjusts the velocity of atoms contained in an atomic beam to be close to a predetermined velocity and bends the travel path of the atomic beam, characterized in that... The system includes a laser generation unit, which sets M to a predetermined integer satisfying 3 ≤ M, and generates M lasers that satisfy the following conditions (A), (B), and (C). (A) The respective travel paths of the M lasers intersect with the entry path of the atomic beam; (B) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers in the direction perpendicular to the entry path of the atomic beam is non-zero; (C) The component of the sum of the radiation pressure vectors of the M lasers in the direction of the entry path of the atomic beam is negative relative to the atom having a velocity greater than the specified velocity, and positive relative to the atom having a velocity less than the specified velocity.

8. The adjustment device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, M＝4， The intensities of the four lasers are equal to each other. The four lasers overlap each other in a predetermined spatial region through which the atomic beam passes. Let the unit direction vector of the direction of the atomic beam's entry path be e. v , will be related to the unit direction vector e v Let the arbitrary unit direction vectors in the orthogonal directions be e1 and e2. Wave vectors k1, k2, k3, and k4 are , Where α, β, γ, and η are constants satisfying α > 0, β > 0, γ > 0, and η > 0, respectively. Let the specified speed be v. d The frequency of the laser with wave vector k1 is set to f1, the frequency of the laser with wave vector k2 is set to f2, the frequency of the laser with wave vector k3 is set to f3, the frequency of the laser with wave vector k4 is set to f4, and the resonant frequency is set to f0. The frequencies f1, f2, f3, and f4 are... , Where δ is a constant that satisfies δ < 0.

9. The adjusting device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The unit direction vector e v Let θ1 be the angle between the wave vector k1 and the wave vector k1, and let e be the unit direction vector. v Let θ2 be the angle between the wave vector k2 and the wave vector k2, and let e be the unit direction vector. v Let θ3 be the angle between the wave vector k3 and the wave vector k3, and let e be the unit direction vector. v Let the angle between the wave vector k4 and the wave vector k4 be θ4, satisfying cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ1|<1, cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ2|<1, cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ3|<1, cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ4|<1.

10. The adjusting device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, M＝3， The intensities of the three lasers are equal to each other. The three lasers overlap each other in a predetermined spatial region through which the atomic beam passes. Let the unit direction vector of the direction of the atomic beam's entry path be e. v , will be related to the unit direction vector e v Let e ​​be any unit direction vector in the orthogonal direction. Wave vectors k1, k2, and k3 are , Where α, β, and η are constants that satisfy α > 0, β > 0, and η > 0, respectively. Let the specified speed be v. d The frequency of the laser with wave vector k1 is set to f1, the frequency of the laser with wave vector k2 is set to f2, the frequency of the laser with wave vector k3 is set to f3, and the resonant frequency is set to f0. The frequencies f1, f2, and f3 are... ， Where δ is a constant that satisfies δ < 0.

11. The adjusting device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The unit direction vector e v Let θ2 be the angle between the wave vector k2 and the wave vector k2, and let e be the unit direction vector. v Let the angle between the wave vector k3 and the wave vector k3 be θ3, which satisfies cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ2|<1, cos(π / 4)≤|cosθ3|<1.

12. The adjusting device as described in any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that, The atomic beam is a cold atomic beam, wherein the cold atomic beam consists of atoms whose velocity is suppressed in a direction perpendicular to the path of travel of the cold atomic beam.

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