Advertisement break in video within a messaging system

Abstract

Aspects of the disclosure relate to systems and methods for setting advertisement breakpoints in a video, the system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program. The program and method cause accessing a video; determining a plurality of shot boundaries of the video, each shot boundary defining a shot corresponding to a contiguous series of video frames without a cut or transition; and for each shot boundary of the plurality of shot boundaries, performing a set of breakpoint tests on the shot boundary, each breakpoint test configured to return a respective score indicating whether the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint for potentially inserting an advertisement during playback of the video, computing a combined score for the shot boundary based on combining each of the respective scores, and setting the shot boundary as a breakpoint if the combined score satisfies a threshold.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 222,451, filed April 5, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 085,446, filed September 30, 2020, entitled “SETTING AD BREAKPOINTS IN A VIDEO WITHIN A MESSAGING SYSTEM,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to messaging systems, including the insertion of advertisements into videos within messaging systems. Background Technology

[0004] A messaging system enables the exchange of messages between users. It can also allow users to view videos provided by other users. Attached Figure Description

[0005] In the accompanying drawings (which are not necessarily drawn to scale), the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. For ease of identification of any particular element or action being discussed, one or more of the highest-order digits in the reference numerals indicate the drawing number in which the element was first introduced. Some non-limiting examples are shown in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0006] Figure 1 It is a graphical representation of a networked environment in which the present disclosure can be deployed, based on some examples.

[0007] Figure 2 It is a graphical representation of a messaging system with both client-side and server-side functionalities, based on some examples.

[0008] Figure 3 It is a graphical representation based on examples such as data structures maintained in a database.

[0009] Figure 4 It is a graphical representation based on some example messages.

[0010] Figure 5 This is an interactive diagram illustrating a process for inserting advertisements into a video within a messaging system, according to some example implementations.

[0011] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting advertisements into a video based on client-side rules, according to some example implementations.

[0012] Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating a process for setting conditional breakpoints in a video, according to some example implementations.

[0013] Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 An example of a video with multiple media content items is shown according to some example implementations.

[0014] Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 Examples of setting conditional and prioritized breakpoints for video according to some example implementations are shown.

[0015] Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 An example of setting a media content item to sensitive is shown according to some example implementations.

[0016] Figures 9B-1 to 9B-2 An example is shown of a video with breakpoints set to sensitive media content items, according to some example implementations.

[0017] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a process for setting breakpoints in a video, according to some example implementations.

[0018] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of an access restriction process based on some examples.

[0019] Figure 12 It is a graphical representation of a machine in the form of a computer system, based on some examples, within which a set of instructions can be executed to cause the machine to perform any or more of the methods discussed herein.

[0020] Figure 13 It is a block diagram showing a software architecture in which examples can be implemented. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Messaging systems typically allow users to exchange content items (e.g., messages, images, and / or videos) with each other within a messaging thread. Messaging systems can also enable the insertion of advertisements into videos during playback.

[0022] The disclosed implementation allows publishers to create videos for sharing with one or more viewing users (e.g., subscribers). The video is analyzed to determine multiple shot boundaries, and some of these shot boundaries can be selected as breakpoints for potential ad insertion during video playback. Breakpoints can be selected based on a set of breakpoint tests (e.g., video fade-out, audio fade-out, transcribed text gaps, chromatic aberration, audio frequency difference, background audio characteristics, on-screen text, facial scan tests, and / or machine learning). Publishers can also choose to prioritize breakpoints for potential ad insertion.

[0023] When a breakpoint is reached during video playback on a client device, an advertisement can be selected and served to the client device. For example, server-side logic can filter advertisements containing certain types of sensitive content based on whether the video contains similar or related sensitive content to the advertisement. The client device receives the advertisements selected by the server based on the filtering and determines whether to insert the advertisement at the breakpoint based on client-side rules. Client-side rules can prioritize inserting advertisements at prioritized breakpoints. Additionally, client-side rules can include timing requirements, such as a minimum number of media content items played since the previous advertisement (e.g., or since the start of playback) and / or a minimum playback time. Furthermore, client-side rules can provide further filtering of advertisements to prevent or otherwise reduce the likelihood of inserting advertisements with specific types of content between similar or otherwise related video content.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating an example messaging system 100 for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network. The messaging system 100 includes multiple instances of client devices 102, each hosting several applications including messaging clients 104 and other applications 106. Each messaging client 104 is communicatively coupled via a network 112 (e.g., the Internet) to other instances of messaging client 104 (e.g., hosted on corresponding other client devices 102), messaging server system 108, and third-party server 110. The messaging client 104 can also communicate with the locally hosted applications 106 using an application programming interface (API).

[0025] The messaging client 104 can communicate and exchange data with other messaging clients 104 and messaging server system 108 via network 112. The data exchanged between messaging clients 104 and between messaging clients 104 and messaging server system 108 includes functions (e.g., commands to activate functions) and payload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).

[0026] Message transceiver server system 108 provides server-side functionality to specific message transceiver clients 104 via network 112. While some functions of message transceiver system 100 are described herein as being performed by message transceiver client 104 or message transceiver server system 108, the location of certain functions—whether within message transceiver client 104 or message transceiver server system 108—may be a design choice. For example, it may technically be preferred that certain technologies and functions are initially deployed within message transceiver server system 108, but that technology and functions are later migrated to message transceiver client 104 with sufficient processing power on client device 102.

[0027] The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operations provided to the messaging client 104. Such operations include sending data to and receiving data from the messaging client 104, and processing data generated by the messaging client 104. As an example, this data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media enhancements and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information. Data exchange within the messaging system 100 is activated and controlled through functions available via the user interface (UI) of the messaging client 104.

[0028] Specifically, turning to message transceiver server system 108, application programming interface (API) server 116 is coupled to application server 114 and provides a programming interface to application server 114. Application server 114 is communicatively coupled to database server 120, which facilitates access to database 126, which stores data associated with messages processed by application server 114. Similarly, web server 128 is coupled to application server 114 and provides a web-based interface to application server 114. For this purpose, web server 128 handles incoming network requests via Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols.

[0029] Application Programming Interface (API) server 116 receives and sends message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between client device 102 and application server 114. Specifically, API server 116 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be invoked or queried by message transceiver client 104 to activate the functionality of application server 114. Application Programming Interface (API) server 116 exposes various functions supported by application server 114, including: account registration; login functionality; sending messages from a specific messaging client 104 to another messaging client 104 via application server 114, sending media files (e.g., images or videos) from messaging client 104 to messaging server 118, and providing possible access for another messaging client 104; setting up collections of media data (e.g., stories); retrieving the friend list of the user of client device 102; retrieving such collections; retrieving messages and content; adding and deleting entities (e.g., friends) in an entity graph (e.g., a social graph); locating friends within a social graph; and opening application events (e.g., related to messaging client 104).

[0030] Application server 114 hosts multiple server applications and subsystems, including, for example, messaging server 118, image processing server 122, and social networking server 124. Messaging server 118 implements multiple messaging technologies and functions, particularly relating to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., text and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of messaging client 104. As will be described in further detail, text and media content from multiple sources can be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., referred to as stories or galleries). These collections are then made available to messaging client 104. Given the hardware requirements for additional processor- and memory-intensive processing of data, such processing can also be performed on the server side by messaging server 118.

[0031] Application server 114 also includes image processing server 122, which is dedicated to performing various image processing operations on images or videos typically within the payload of messages sent from or received at message transceiver server 118.

[0032] Social networking server 124 supports various social networking functions and services, and makes these functions and services available to messaging server 118. To this end, social networking server 124 maintains and accesses entity graph 304 (such as...) within database 126. Figure 3(As shown). Examples of the functions and services supported by the social networking server 124 include identifying other users in the messaging system 100 who are related to a particular user or who are being "followed" by that particular user, and also identifying the interests and other entities of a particular user.

[0033] Returning to messaging client 104, the features and functionality of external resources (e.g., application 106 or applet) are available to the user via the interface of messaging client 104. In this context, "external" refers to the fact that application 106 or applet is outside of messaging client 104. External resources are typically provided by third parties, but may also be provided by the creator or provider of messaging client 104. Message client 104 receives user selections regarding options to launch or access the features of such external resources. External resources may be application 106 installed on client device 102 (e.g., a "native app"), or a smaller version (e.g., an "app") of an application hosted on client device 102 or located remotely on client device 102 (e.g., on a third-party server 110). A smaller version of an application includes a subset of the application's features and functionality (e.g., a full-scale, native version of the application) and is implemented using markup language documentation. In one example, a smaller version of an application (e.g., an "app") is a web-based markup language version of the application and is embedded in messaging client 104. In addition to using markup language documents (e.g., .*ml files), applets can include scripting languages ​​(e.g., .*js files or .json files) and stylesheets (e.g., .*ss files).

[0034] In response to a user selection of an option to launch or access an external resource, messaging client 104 determines whether the selected external resource is a web-based external resource or a locally installed application 106. In some cases, application 106, locally installed on client device 102, can be launched independently of messaging client 104 and separately from it, for example, by selecting the icon corresponding to application 106 on the home screen of client device 102. A smaller version of such an application can be launched or accessed via messaging client 104, and in some examples, no part of the smaller application can be accessed (or only a limited part can be accessed) outside of messaging client 104. A smaller application can be launched by messaging client 104, for example, by receiving and processing markup language documents associated with the smaller application from a third-party server 110.

[0035] In response to determining that the external resource is a locally installed application 106, the messaging client 104 instructs the client device 102 to launch the external resource by executing locally stored code corresponding to the external resource. In response to determining that the external resource is a web-based resource, the messaging client 104 communicates with a third-party server 110 (e.g.) to obtain a markup language document corresponding to the selected external resource. The messaging client 104 then processes the obtained markup language document to render the web-based external resource within the user interface of the messaging client 104.

[0036] The messaging client 104 can notify users of client device 102 or other users (e.g., "friends") associated with such users of one or more external resources of activities occurring in one or more external resources. For example, the messaging client 104 can provide participants in a conversation (e.g., a chat session) within the messaging client 104 with notifications related to the current or recent use of external resources by one or more members of a group of users. One or more users can be invited to join an active external resource or to activate an external resource that was recently used but is currently inactive (within the group of friends). External resources can provide participants in the conversation, each using the corresponding messaging client 104, with the ability to share items, states, conditions, or locations from the external resource to the chat session with one or more members of a group of users. Shared items can be interactive chat cards that chat members can use to interact, for example, to activate the corresponding external resource, view specific information within the external resource, or take chat members to a specific location or state within the external resource. Within a given external resource, response messages can be sent to users on the messaging client 104. External resources can selectively include different media items in the response based on the current context of the external resource.

[0037] The messaging client 104 can present a list of available external resources (e.g., application 106 or mini-app) to the user to launch or access a given external resource. This list can be presented in a context-sensitive menu. For example, the icons representing different applications 106 (or mini-apps) can change based on how the user launches the menu (e.g., from a conversational interface or a non-conversational interface).

[0038] Figure 2This is a block diagram illustrating further details of a messaging system 100 according to some examples. Specifically, the messaging system 100 is shown as including a messaging client 104 and an application server 114. The messaging system 100 includes multiple subsystems supported on the client side by the messaging client 104 and on the server side by the application server 114. These subsystems include, for example, a short-lived timer system 202, a collection management system 204, an enhancement system 208, a map system 210, an external resource system 212, and / or an advertising service system 214.

[0039] The short-lived timer system 202 is responsible for enabling temporary or time-limited access to content by the message sending client 104 and the message sending server 118. The short-lived timer system 202 incorporates multiple timers that selectively enable access to (e.g., for rendering and displaying) messages and associated content via the message sending client 104 based on duration and display parameters associated with a message or set of messages (e.g., a story). Further details regarding the operation of the short-lived timer system 202 are provided below.

[0040] The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing collections and sets of media (e.g., collections of text, image, video, and audio data). Collections of content (e.g., messages, including images, videos, text, and audio) can be organized into "event galleries" or "event stories." Such collections can be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event related to the content. For example, content related to a concert can be made available as a "story" for the duration of the concert. The collection management system 204 can also be responsible for publishing icons that provide notifications of the existence of specific collections to the user interface of the messaging client 104.

[0041] Furthermore, the collection management system 204 includes a curation interface 206 that enables the collection manager to manage and curate specific collections of content. For example, the curation interface 206 allows an event organizer to curate a collection of content related to a specific event (e.g., removing inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204 employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate content collections. In some examples, users may be compensated for including user-generated content in the collection. In such cases, the collection management system 204 operates to automatically pay such users for using their content.

[0042] Enhancement system 208 provides various functionalities that enable users to enhance (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) media content associated with a message. For example, enhancement system 208 provides functionalities related to generating and publishing media overlays for messages processed by messaging system 100. Enhancement system 208 can operable to provide media overlays or enhancements (e.g., image filters) to messaging client 104 based on the geolocation of client device 102. In another example, enhancement system 208 can operable to provide media overlays to messaging client 104 based on other information such as the social network information of the user of client device 102. Media overlays can include audio and visual content as well as visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, text, logos, animations, and sound effects. Examples of visual effects include color overlays. Audio and visual content or visual effects can be applied to media content items (e.g., photos) at client device 102. For example, media overlays can include text or images that can be overlaid on a photograph taken by client device 102. In another example, media overlays include location identifier overlays (e.g., Venice Beach), live event names, or business name overlays (e.g., Beach Cafe). In yet another example, enhancement system 208 uses the geolocation of client device 102 to identify media overlays that include the business name at the geolocation of client device 102. Media overlays may include additional tags associated with the business. Media overlays may be stored in database 126 and accessed through database server 120.

[0043] In some examples, enhancement system 208 provides a user-based publishing platform that allows users to select a geolocation on a map and upload content associated with that geolocation. Users can also specify the environment in which a particular media overlay should be provided to other users. Enhancement system 208 generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation.

[0044] In other examples, enhancement system 208 provides a merchant-based publishing platform that enables merchants to select specific media overlays associated with geolocations via a bidding process. For example, enhancement system 208 associates the media overlay of the highest bidder with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time.

[0045] In other examples, such as the following about Figure 3As discussed, augmentation system 208 enables the presentation of augmented reality content associated with images or videos captured by the camera device of client device 102. Augmentation system 208 may implement or otherwise access augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to application lenses or augmented reality experiences) to provide real-time special effects and / or sound that can be added to the images or videos. To facilitate the presentation of augmented reality content, augmentation system 208 may implement or otherwise access object recognition algorithms (e.g., including machine learning algorithms) configured to scan images or videos and detect / track movement of objects within the images or videos.

[0046] Map system 210 provides various geolocation functions and supports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by messaging client 104. For example, map system 210 enables the display (e.g., stored in profile data 302) of user icons or avatars on a map to indicate the current or past location of a user's "friends" and media content (e.g., a collection of messages including photos and videos) generated by such friends within the context of the map. For example, a message posted by a user from a specific geolocation to messaging system 100 can be displayed to a specific user's "friends" on the map interface of messaging client 104 within the context of that specific location on the map. A user can also share his or her location and status information with other users of messaging system 100 (e.g., using appropriate status avatars) via messaging client 104, where the location and status information is similarly displayed to selected users within the context of the map interface of messaging client 104.

[0047] External resource system 212 provides an interface for messaging client 104 to communicate with remote servers (e.g., third-party server 110) to launch or access external resources (i.e., applications or applets). Each third-party server 110, for example, hosts applications or applets based on markup languages ​​(e.g., HTML5) or smaller versions of applications (e.g., game applications, utility applications, payment applications, or ride-sharing applications). Messaging client 104 can launch web-based resources (e.g., applications) by accessing HTML5 files from the third-party server 110 associated with the web-based resource. In some examples, the application hosted by third-party server 110 is programmed in JavaScript using a software development kit (SDK) provided by messaging server 118. The SDK includes an application programming interface (API) with functionality that can be invoked or activated by the web-based application. In some examples, messaging server 118 includes a JavaScript library that provides access to a given external resource for some user data of messaging client 104. HTML5 is used as an example technology for programming games, but applications and resources programmed using other technologies can be used.

[0048] To integrate the SDK's functionality into the web-based resource, the SDK is downloaded by third-party server 110 from message server 118, or otherwise received by third-party server 110. Once downloaded or received, the SDK is included as part of the application code of the web-based external resource. The code of the web-based resource can then call or activate certain functions of the SDK to integrate the features of message client 104 into the web-based resource.

[0049] The SDK stored on the messaging server 118 effectively bridges the gap between external resources (e.g., application 106 or a mini-application) and the messaging client 104. This provides users with a seamless experience communicating with other users on the messaging client 104 while preserving the look and feel of the messaging client 104. To bridge communication between the external resource and the messaging client 104, in some examples, the SDK facilitates communication between a third-party server 110 and the messaging client 104. In some examples, a WebViewJavaScriptBridge running on the client device 102 establishes two unidirectional communication channels between the external resource and the messaging client 104. Messages are sent asynchronously between the external resource and the messaging client 104 via these communication channels. Each SDK function call is sent as a message and a callback. Each SDK function is implemented by constructing a unique callback identifier and sending a message with that callback identifier.

[0050] By using the SDK, not all information from the messaging client 104 is shared with the third-party server 110. The SDK limits which information is shared based on the needs of the external resource. In some examples, each third-party server 110 provides the messaging server 118 with an HTML5 file corresponding to the web-based external resource. The messaging server 118 can add a visual representation (such as a box design or other graphics) of the web-based external resource in the messaging client 104. Once the user selects a visual representation or instructs the messaging client 104 via its GUI to access a feature of the web-based external resource, the messaging client 104 obtains the HTML5 file and instantiates the resources required to access the feature of the web-based external resource.

[0051] The messaging client 104 presents a graphical user interface (GUI) for an external resource (e.g., a login page or title screen). During, before, or after presenting the login page or title screen, the messaging client 104 determines whether the initiated external resource has previously been authorized to access the messaging client 104's user data. In response to determining that the initiated external resource has previously been authorized to access the messaging client 104's user data, the messaging client 104 presents another GUI for the external resource, including its functionality and characteristics. In response to determining that the initiated external resource has not previously been authorized to access the messaging client 104's user data, after a threshold time period (e.g., 3 seconds) of displaying the external resource's login page or title screen, the messaging client 104 slides up a menu for authorizing the external resource to access user data (e.g., animating the menu to appear from the bottom of the screen to the middle or other part of the screen). This menu identifies the type of user data that the external resource will be authorized to use. In response to receiving a user selection of the accept option, the messaging client 104 adds the external resource to the list of authorized external resources and enables the external resource to access user data from the messaging client 104. In some examples, external resources are accessed by messaging client 104 with authorization based on the OAuth 2 framework to access user data.

[0052] The messaging client 104 controls the type of user data shared with external resources based on the type of authorized external resource. For example, it provides access to a first type of user data (e.g., a two-dimensional avatar of a user, with or without different avatar characteristics) to external resources including full-scale applications (e.g., application 106). As another example, it provides access to a second type of user data (e.g., payment information, a user's two-dimensional avatar, a user's three-dimensional avatar, and avatars with various avatar characteristics) to external resources including smaller versions of the application (e.g., a web-based version of the application). Avatar characteristics include different ways of customizing the appearance and feel of an avatar (e.g., different poses, facial features, clothing, etc.).

[0053] The advertising service system 214 provides various advertising services and management-related functions within the context of the messaging system 100. In one or more embodiments, the advertising service system 214 stores advertising content (e.g., advertisements) used in online marketing and delivers advertisements to the messaging client 104. Therefore, the advertising service system 214 is configured to store advertisements and distribute advertisements for potential insertion into available ad slots. For example, the advertising service system 214 may provide video advertisements for insertion into breaks (e.g., ad slots) of videos played on the messaging client 104. Furthermore, the advertising service system 214 implements or otherwise accesses algorithms for selecting which advertisements are served, counting the served advertisements, and / or monitoring the progress of different advertising campaigns (e.g., by counting / tracking advertisements on a per-campaign basis). The advertising service system 214 is also configured to count clicks / impressions of advertisements to generate reports for visualizing the effectiveness of advertisements or advertising campaigns.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data structure 300 that may be stored in a database 126 of a message transceiver server system 108, according to certain examples. Although the contents of the database 126 are shown as including multiple tables, it will be appreciated that the data may be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., stored as an object-oriented database).

[0055] Database 126 includes message data stored in message table 306. For any given message, this message data includes at least message sender data, message receiver (or recipient) data, and a payload. See below for reference. Figure 4 Further details are provided regarding information that can be included in the message and within the message data stored in message table 306.

[0056] Entity table 308 stores entity data and (for example, links to entity diagram 304 and profile data 302). Entities for which records are maintained in entity table 308 can include individuals, company entities, organizations, objects, locations, events, etc. Regardless of the entity type, any entity for which the message transceiver server system 108 stores data can be an identifiable entity. Each entity is assigned a unique identifier and an entity type identifier (not shown).

[0057] Entity Graph 304 stores information about the relationships and associations between entities. As an example only, such relationships can be social relationships or professional relationships based on interests or activities (e.g., working in the same company or organization).

[0058] Profile data 302 stores various types of profile data about a specific entity. Based on privacy settings specified by the specific entity, profile data 302 can be selectively used and presented to other users of messaging system 100. In the case of an individual, profile data 302 includes, for example, a username, phone number, address, settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), and an avatar representation (or a set of such avatar representations) selected by the user. A specific user can then selectively include one or more of these avatar representations within the content of messages transmitted via messaging system 100 and on a map interface displayed to other users by messaging client 104. The set of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” which present a graphical representation of a status or activity that the user can choose to transmit at a specific time.

[0059] In the case that the entity is a group, in addition to the group name, members and various settings for the relevant group (e.g., notifications), the profile data 302 for the group may similarly include one or more avatars associated with the group.

[0060] Database 126 also stores enhancement data, such as overlays or filters, in enhancement table 310. Enhancement data is associated with and applied to videos (video data is stored in video table 316) and images (image data is stored in image table 318).

[0061] In one example, a filter is an overlay displayed on an image or video during presentation to the receiving user. Filters can be of various types, including user-selected filters from a set of filters presented to the sending user by the messaging client 104 while the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geographic filters), which can be presented to the sending user based on geographic location. For example, a geolocation filter specific to a nearby or particular location can be presented by the messaging client 104 within the user interface based on geolocation information determined by the Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device 102.

[0062] Another type of filter is a data filter, which can be selectively presented to the sending user by the messaging client 104 based on other inputs or information collected by the client device 102 during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include the current temperature at a specific location, the current speed of the sending user, the battery life of the client device 102, or the current time.

[0063] Other augmented data that can be stored in image table 318 includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to applied lenses or augmented reality experiences). Augmented reality content items can provide real-time special effects and / or sound that can be added to images or videos.

[0064] As described above, augmented data includes augmented reality content items, overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar terms referring to modifications that can be applied to image data (e.g., video or images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify the image as it is captured by the device sensors (e.g., one or more cameras) of client device 102 and then, if modified, displayed on the screen of client device 102. This also includes modifications to stored content (e.g., video clips in a gallery that can be modified). For example, in client device 102 that accesses multiple augmented reality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multiple augmented reality content items to see how different augmented reality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, by selecting different augmented reality content items for the same content, multiple augmented reality content items with different pseudo-random motion models can be applied to that same content. Similarly, real-time video capture can be used with the illustrated modifications to show how the video image currently being captured by the sensors of client device 102 will modify the captured data. Such data can be displayed on the screen without being stored in memory, or the content captured by the device's sensors can be recorded and stored in memory with or without modification (or both). In some systems, preview features can simultaneously show how different augmented reality content items will look in different windows on the display. For example, this can make it possible to view multiple windows with different pseudo-random animations on the display at the same time.

[0065] Therefore, using data from augmented reality content items and various systems, or other such transformation systems that use this data to modify content, can involve: the detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc.) in video frames; tracking such objects as they leave, enter, and move around within the field of view; and modifying or transforming such objects while tracking them. In various examples, different methods can be used to implement such transformations. Some examples may involve generating 3D mesh models of one or more objects, and using transformations and animated textures of the models within the video to implement the transformations. In other examples, tracking points on objects can be used to place images or textures (which can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional) at the tracked locations. In still other examples, neural network analysis of video frames can be used to place images, models, or textures within content (e.g., images or video frames). Thus, augmented reality content items involve both images, models, and textures used to create transformations within the content, and the additional modeling and analysis information required to implement such transformations using object detection, tracking, and placement.

[0066] Real-time video processing can be performed using any type of video data (e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) stored in the memory of any type of computerized system. For example, a user can load a video file and store it in the device's memory, or the device's sensors can be used to generate a video stream. Additionally, computer-animated models can be used to process any object, such as a human face and parts of the human body, animals, or inanimate objects (e.g., chairs, cars, or other objects).

[0067] In some examples, when a specific modification is selected along with the content to be transformed, the computing device identifies the element to be transformed, and then, if the element to be transformed exists in a frame of the video, detects and tracks the element to be transformed. The elements of the object are modified according to the modification request, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. For different kinds of transformations, the transformation of the video stream frames can be performed using different methods. For example, for frame transformations that primarily involve changing the form of elements of an object, feature points of each element of the object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a feature point-based mesh is generated for each of at least one element of the object. This mesh is used in subsequent stages of tracking the elements of the object in the video stream. During tracking, the aforementioned mesh for each element is aligned with the position of each element. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first points is generated for each element based on the modification request, and a second set of points is generated for each element based on this set of first points and the modification request. The frames of the video stream can then be transformed by modifying the elements of the object based on the set of first points, the set of second points, and the mesh. In this method, the background of the object being modified can also be changed or distorted by tracking and modifying the background.

[0068] In some examples, transformations that alter certain regions of an object using its elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points for each element of the object and generating a mesh based on those calculated characteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and then various regions are generated based on these points. The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the region of each element with the position of at least one of the elements, and the properties of the regions can be modified based on modification requests, thus transforming frames of the video stream. Depending on the specific modification request, the properties of the mentioned region can be transformed in different ways. Such modifications can involve: changing the color of the region; removing at least a portion of the region from the frames of the video stream; including one or more new objects in the region based on the modification request; and modifying or distorting the elements of the region or object. In various examples, any combination of such modifications or other similar modifications can be used. For certain models to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected as control points to determine the entire state space for options used in model animation.

[0069] In some examples of computer animation models that use face detection to transform image data, a specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones) is used to detect faces in the image. The Active Shape Model (ASM) algorithm is then applied to the facial regions of the image to detect facial feature reference points.

[0070] Other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used. For example, in some examples, landmarks are used to locate features; landmarks represent distinguishable points present in most of the images considered. For example, for facial landmarks, the location of the left pupil could be used. If the initial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if the person has an eye patch), secondary landmarks can be used. Such a landmark identification process can be used for any such object. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. The shape can be represented as a vector using the coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned with another shape using a similarity transformation (allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between the points of the shape. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.

[0071] In some examples, the search for landmarks begins with a mean shape aligned with the position and size of the face determined by a global face detector. This search then repeats the following steps: proposing provisional shapes by adjusting the localization of shape points through template matching of the image texture around each point, and then conforming the provisional shapes to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In some systems, individual template matching is unreliable, and the shape model pools the results of weak template matching to form a stronger overall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level of the image pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

[0072] The transformation system can capture image or video streams on a client device (e.g., client device 102) and perform complex image manipulations locally on client device 102 while maintaining an appropriate user experience, computation time, and power consumption. Complex image manipulations can include size and shape changes, mood shifts (e.g., changing a face from frowning to smiling), state shifts (e.g., aging an object, reducing its apparent age, or changing its gender), style shifts, application of graphical elements, and any other suitable image or video manipulations implemented by a convolutional neural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on client device 102.

[0073] In some examples, a computer animation model for transforming image data can be used by a system in which a user can capture an image or video stream (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 that has a neural network operating as part of a messaging client 104 operating on client device 102. A transformation system operating within messaging client 104 determines the presence of a face within the image or video stream and provides a modification icon associated with the computer animation model to transform the data image, or the computer animation model may exist in association with an interface described herein. The modification icon includes changes that can be the basis for modifying the user's face within the image or video stream as part of a modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, the transformation system initiates a process to transform the user's image to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generating a smiley face on the user). Once the image or video stream is captured and the specified modification is selected, the modified image or video stream can be presented in a graphical user interface displayed on client device 102. The transformation system may implement a complex convolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate and apply the selected modification. That is, users can capture image or video streams, and once an edit icon is selected, the changes are presented to the user in real time or near real time. Furthermore, while a video stream is being captured, the changes can be persistent, and the selected edit icon remains toggled. Machine-trained neural networks can be used to achieve such modifications.

[0074] The graphical user interface (GUI) presenting the modifications performed by the transformation system can provide users with additional interactive options. Such options can be based on the interface used to initiate the selection and content capture of a specific computer animation model (e.g., initiated from a content creator GUI). In various examples, the modifications can be persistent after an initial selection of the modification icon. Users can turn the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by the transformation system and save it for later viewing or browsing to other areas of the imaging application. In cases where multiple faces are modified by the transformation system, users can globally turn the modification on or off by tapping or selecting a single face being modified and displayed within the GUI. In some examples, individual faces within a set of multiple faces can be modified separately, or such modifications can be toggled individually by tapping or selecting individual faces or a series of individual faces displayed within the GUI.

[0075] Collection table 312 stores data about collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, compiled into collections (e.g., stories or galleries). The creation of a specific collection can be initiated by a specific user (e.g., each user for whom records are maintained in entity table 308). A user can create a "personal story" in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent / broadcast by that user. For this purpose, the user interface of messaging client 104 can include user-selectable icons that allow the sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story.

[0076] Another type of story is a "live story," which is a collection of content from multiple users, created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a "live story" can constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from different locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and who are at a co-located event at a specific time can be presented with the option to contribute content to a specific live story, for example, via the user interface of messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 can identify a live story to a user based on their location. The end result is a "live story" told from a collective perspective.

[0077] Another type of story is a "location story," which enables users whose client device 102 is located in a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a specific set. In some examples, contributing to a location story may require secondary authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on a university campus).

[0078] Another type of story or collection is a "version," which can be provided by a publisher and made accessible to multiple users (e.g., subscribers of the publisher) who choose to view the version. For example, a publisher may provide versions daily, weekly, monthly, or periodically (e.g., uploaded to a collection management system 204), and / or on a limited basis (e.g., for special events, situations, etc.). Publishers can correspond to individuals (e.g., social media influencers, celebrities, etc.), companies (e.g., television or film companies, magazine publishers, product / service companies, etc.), or other entities capable of creating and publishing video content. Regarding viewing versions, the messaging client 104 can provide a user interface (e.g., dedicated tags) that allows end users to discover, browse, categorize, view, and / or otherwise access versions made available by various publishers.

[0079] Advertising table 314 stores (e.g., in conjunction with advertising service system 214) data about advertisements, where each advertisement may include one or more image data, video data, and / or audio data. Advertisements may be created by advertisers, which may correspond to a person, company, or other entity responsible for creating the advertisement content. In one or more embodiments, a record for each advertiser is maintained in entity table 308. Advertising table 314 may also store information for tracking specific advertisements or ad sets, where ad sets correspond to predefined ad groups (e.g., associated with an advertising campaign). Advertising table 314 may maintain a count of advertisements served and a count of clicks / impressions associated with the advertisements (e.g., per advertisement or per ad set).

[0080] As mentioned above, video table 316 stores video data, which, in one example, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within message table 306. Similarly, image table 318 stores image data associated with messages whose message data is stored in entity table 308. Entity table 308 can associate various enhancements from enhancement table 310 with various images and videos stored in image table 318 and video table 316.

[0081] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a message 400 according to some examples, generated by a messaging client 104 for transmission to another messaging client 104 or a messaging server 118. The content of a particular message 400 is used to populate a message table 306 stored in a database 126 accessible by the messaging server 118. Similarly, the content of message 400 is stored in memory as "in-transit" or "in-flight" data for the client device 102 or application server 114. Message 400 is shown as including the following example components:

[0082] • Message Identifier 402: A unique identifier that identifies message 400.

[0083] • Message text payload 404: The text to be generated by the user via the user interface of the client device 102 and included in message 400.

[0084] • Message image payload 406: Image data captured by the camera component of the client device 102 or retrieved from the memory component of the client device 102 and included in the message 400. The image data for the sent or received message 400 can be stored in the image table 318.

[0085] • Message video payload 408: Video data captured by the camera device component or retrieved from the memory component of the client device 102 and included in the message 400. The video data for the sent or received message 400 can be stored in the video table 316.

[0086] • Message audio payload 410: Audio data captured by the microphone or retrieved from the memory component of the client device 102 and included in message 400.

[0087] • Message enhancement data 412: Enhancement data (e.g., filters, labels, or other annotations or enhancements) representing enhancements to be applied to the message image payload 406, message video payload 408, or message audio payload 410 of message 400. Enhancement data for the sent or received message 400 can be stored in enhancement table 310.

[0088] • Message duration parameter 414: A parameter value, in seconds, indicating the amount of time that the content of the message (e.g., message image payload 406, message video payload 408, message audio payload 410) will be presented to the user or made accessible to the user via the message sending and receiving client 104.

[0089] • Message geolocation parameter 416: Geolocation data (e.g., latitude and longitude coordinates) associated with the message's content payload. Multiple message geolocation parameter 416 values ​​may be included in the payload, each of which is associated with a content item included in the content (e.g., a specific image within the message image payload 406 or a specific video within the message video payload 408).

[0090] • Message Story Identifier 418: An identifier value that identifies one or more sets of content (e.g., “story” identified in set table 312) associated with a specific content item in the message image payload 406 of message 400. For example, the identifier value can be used to associate multiple images within the message image payload 406 with multiple sets of content, respectively.

[0091] • Message Tag 420: Each message 400 can be labeled with multiple tags, each of which indicates the subject of the content included in the message payload. For example, in the case where a specific image depicts an animal (e.g., a lion) is included in the message image payload 406, a tag value can be included within the message tag 420 indicating the relevant animal. Tag values ​​can be manually generated based on user input, or can be automatically generated using, for example, image recognition.

[0092] • Message sender identifier 422: An identifier (e.g., message sending system identifier, email address, or device identifier) ​​indicating the user of the client device 102 on which message 400 is generated and from which message 400 is sent.

[0093] • Message receiver identifier 424: An identifier (e.g., message sending and receiving system identifier, email address, or device identifier) ​​indicating the user of the client device 102 to which message 400 is addressed.

[0094] The content (e.g., values) of each component of message 400 can be pointers to locations in tables where content data values ​​are stored. For example, image values ​​in message image payload 406 can be pointers (or addresses) to locations within image table 318. Similarly, values ​​in message video payload 408 can point to data stored in video table 316, values ​​stored in message enhancement 412 can point to data stored in enhancement table 310, values ​​stored in message story identifier 418 can point to data stored in set table 312, and values ​​stored in message sender identifier 422 and message receiver identifier 424 can point to user records stored in entity table 308.

[0095] Figure 5 This is an interactive diagram illustrating a process 500 for inserting an advertisement into a video within a messaging system, according to some example implementations. For illustrative purposes, reference is made primarily herein to publisher client 502 and viewer client 504 (e.g., each of which may correspond to...). Figure 1 The corresponding message sending and receiving client 104), and Figure 2 The process 500 is described using the collection management system 204 and the advertising service system 214. However, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 500 may be executed by one or more other components and / or other suitable devices. Further, for illustrative purposes, the blocks (or operations) of the process 500 are described herein as occurring serially or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of the process 500 may occur in parallel or simultaneously. Additionally, the blocks (or operations) of the process 500 do not need to be executed in the order shown, and / or one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 500 need not be executed and / or may be replaced by other operations. The process 500 may terminate when its operations are complete. Furthermore, the process 500 may correspond to a method, program, algorithm, etc.

[0096] Publisher client 502 corresponds to an instance of messaging client 104 running on the corresponding client device 102 associated with the publisher. As described above, a publisher can create and upload videos (e.g., versions) to share with multiple viewing users (e.g., subscribers). A publisher can correspond to a person (e.g., a social media influencer, celebrity, etc.), a company (e.g., a television or film company, a magazine publisher, a product / service company, etc.), and / or other entities capable of creating and publishing videos.

[0097] Viewing client 504 corresponds to an instance of messaging client 104 running on the corresponding client device 102 associated with the viewing user. As described herein, the viewing user corresponds to an end user who chooses to view a video (e.g., a version) created by the video's publisher. For example, the viewing user may have subscribed to view videos created by the publisher. Alternatively, the viewing user may be a non-subscriber who chooses to play a specific video (e.g., a version) uploaded by the publisher to the collection management system 204.

[0098] Therefore, each of the publisher client 502 and the viewer client 504 can be associated with a corresponding user on the message transceiver server system 108, and with a corresponding user account on the message transceiver server system 108. As described above, each user can be identified by the message transceiver server system 108 based on a unique identifier (e.g., a message transceiver system identifier, email address, and / or device identifier) ​​associated with that user's user account.

[0099] As described in this article, videos created by publishers can be analyzed by a collection management system 204 to determine multiple shot boundaries, and some of these shot boundaries can be selected as breakpoints for potential ad insertion during video playback. Breakpoints can be selected based on a set of breakpoint tests, such as video fade-out, audio fade-out, transcribed text gaps, color difference, audio frequency difference, background audio characteristics, on-screen text, face scan tests, and / or machine learning. Publishers can also choose to prioritize breakpoints for potential ad insertion. Additionally, publishers can choose to remove / discard some of the automatically generated breakpoints.

[0100] When a breakpoint is reached during video playback on viewing client 504, advertising service system 214 can select and serve advertisements to viewing client 504. For example, server-side logic on advertising service system 214 can filter advertisements containing certain types of sensitive content based on similar or related sensitive content within the video. Viewing client 504 receives advertisements selected by advertising service system 214 based on filtering and determines whether to insert an advertisement at the breakpoint based on local client-side rules. Client-side rules can prioritize inserting specified advertisements at prioritized breakpoints. Additionally, client-side rules can include timing requirements, such as a minimum number of media content items played since the previous advertisement (e.g., or since the start of playback) and / or a minimum playback time. Furthermore, client-side rules can provide further filtering of advertisements to prevent or otherwise reduce the likelihood of inserting advertisements with specific types of content between videos with similar or related content.

[0101] exist Figure 5 In the example, operations 506 to 520 can correspond to the first phase, and operations 522 to 536 can correspond to the second phase. The first phase involves the creation and storage of the video, and setting breakpoints during video playback for potential ad insertion. The second phase involves video playback, selecting ads based on server-side filtering logic, and inserting ads during playback based on client-side rules and breakpoints for ad insertion. It can be understood that the second phase may occur shortly after the first phase, or after an extended period following the first phase. Therefore, for illustrative purposes, Figure 5 The dashed line depicts the separation between the first and second stages.

[0102] Regarding the first phase, publisher client 502 creates a video (block 506) for uploading to the collection management system 204. In one or more implementations, the video corresponds to a version created by the publisher for sharing with multiple viewing users (e.g., subscribers). For example, a version may correspond to one of multiple versions created by the publisher on a daily, weekly, monthly, or periodic basis and / or on a restricted basis (e.g., for special events, situations, etc.).

[0103] Publisher client 502 sends a video (e.g., a version) to collection management system 204 (operation 508), which is configured to store and manage versions (block 510). As described above, collection management system 204 can store versions in conjunction with collection table 312 and / or video table 316. Collection management system 204 can store videos (e.g., versions) in a way that provides end users (e.g., viewing users) with the ability to browse, search, preview, and / or select versions from a given publisher.

[0104] In one or more embodiments, the video is stored as a series of media content items. As described above, each media content item includes one or more types of content, such as images, videos, text, and / or audio content. Additionally, each media content item can be configured to be displayed for a preset amount of time (e.g., 8 seconds each).

[0105] At block 512, the collection management system 204 sets a breakpoint for the video (block 512). In one or more embodiments, the collection management system 204 is configured to implement or otherwise access algorithms for analyzing the video to determine qualifying breakpoints for potentially inserting advertisements during video playback.

[0106] To determine breakpoints, the collection management system 204 can initially calculate a set of shot boundaries for the video, where shot boundaries separate adjacent shots of the video. Shots can correspond to a continuous series of video frames without editing or transitions. For example, shots have image continuity over a series of frames running in an uninterrupted time period.

[0107] The collection management system 204 is configured to analyze video shots, for example, to logically select which shot boundaries should be designated as breakpoints. As described herein, a breakpoint is a location in the video where an advertisement can potentially be inserted during video playback. For example, the collection management system 204 may select breakpoints based on logic designed to maximize the likelihood that a viewing user will continue watching the video after the advertisement. See below for more details. Figure 7 The logical selection of breakpoints discussed can be based on a predefined set of breakpoint tests to group shots into one or more segments / scenes.

[0108] As an alternative to the logical selection of breakpoints based on breakpoint testing, with possible exceptions, the collection management system 204 can be configured to simply set breakpoints at each shot boundary. In one example exception, breakpoints may not necessarily be set after the first shot boundary. Alternatively or additionally, breakpoints may not necessarily be set before the media content item being subscribed to (e.g., which includes a "Subscribe" button for subscribing to publishers).

[0109] Therefore, the collection management system 204 can employ different technologies / algorithms to detect and set breakpoints. In one or more implementations, the technology / algorithm to be used is, for example, configurable by a system administrator. In this regard, the message sending and receiving client 104 can provide users (e.g., system administrators) with an interface for adjusting (e.g., fine-tuning) how the granularity of boundary detection should be. For example, the interface can allow users to select from one or more of the following: logical selection of breakpoints (e.g., as follows regarding...). Figure 7 Automatic selection of breakpoints between (as discussed) and / or between each fixed number of shots or media content items (e.g., excluding the above exceptions).

[0110] The collection management system 204 sends the breakpoint indication to the publisher client (operation 514). For example, the breakpoint indication may correspond to a list or other data structure with index values ​​of the following shot boundaries at which the ad meets the criteria for insertion during video playback.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, publisher client 502 is configured to present a user interface for end users (e.g., publishers and / or authorized users associated with the publisher) to select one or more “preferred breakpoints.” As described herein, messaging system 100 provides a user interface for publishers and / or authorized users to view videos with qualifying breakpoints and indications of preferred locations within the video for placing advertisements (e.g., one or more shot edges). Thus, end users can specify one or more breakpoints selected from a plurality of breakpoints set by collection management system 204 as preferred breakpoints for potential advertisement insertion (block 516). In this way, publishers can replace the initial designation of breakpoints from “qualified” to “preferred.” In one or more embodiments, publishers can also remove “qualified” breakpoints.

[0112] The publisher client 502 sends a priority breakpoint indication to the collection management system 204 (operation 518). For example, the priority breakpoint indication can specify which breakpoints in the video have been selected as priority breakpoints by the publisher. In response to receiving the indication, the collection management system 204 sets the priority breakpoints of the video (block 520).

[0113] Therefore, regarding the first phase, the collection management system 204 is configured to store videos created by the publisher. The collection management system 204 is also configured to set breakpoints for specific shot boundaries within the video, including conditional breakpoints and priority breakpoints.

[0114] Regarding operations 522 to 536 corresponding to the second phase described above, the viewing user selects to replay the video, and the messaging system 100 causes advertisements to be inserted into the video during playback. At block 522, the viewing client 504 receives user input for accessing the video. As described above, the messaging client 104 can provide a user interface (e.g., dedicated tabs) that allows the viewing user to search, browse, categorize, preview, view, and / or access videos (e.g., versions) provided by the publisher.

[0115] Viewing client 504 sends a request for video to collection management system 204 (operation 524). In response, collection management system 204 provides viewing client 504 with access to the video (operation 526). Collection management system 204 provides appropriate code and / or application interfaces to messaging client 104 for presenting the video within messaging client 104. In one or more embodiments, collection management system 204 may be configured to provide video content to viewing client 504 on a per-media-content-item, per-shot, per-segment, and / or per-video (e.g., the entire video) basis.

[0116] At block 528, review the client's 504 presentation (e.g., playback) of the video until the next breakpoint. For example, if the user has not selected (e.g., via the video slider interface) a position in the video from which to begin playback, playback can be initiated from the beginning of the video. If the user has indeed selected a position from which to begin playback, playback is initiated from the selected position (e.g., the media content item corresponding to the selected position).

[0117] As described above, breakpoints can be set after a specific segment (e.g., shot grouping based on breakpoint testing) or after each shot (with exceptions). Upon reaching the next breakpoint, view client 504 sends a request for an advertisement to advertising service system 214 (operation 530).

[0118] As described above, the advertising service system 214 is configured to store advertisements and provide advertisements for use in inserting breakpoints. When providing advertisements, the advertising service system 214 may implement or otherwise access algorithms (e.g., server-side algorithms) for filtering advertisements based on sensitive content that may appear in the video and / or available advertisements (e.g., an ad list). For example, such filtering may prevent or otherwise reduce the likelihood of advertisements with a specific type of sensitive content being served under videos with the same (or related) type of sensitive content.

[0119] In this regard, the messaging system 100 can be configured to tag videos (e.g., individual media content items of a video) and / or to tag advertisements with content identifiers, where each content identifier indicates a different type of sensitive content. Different types of sensitive content may include, but are not limited to: business issues; controversial social issues; death and tragedy; drugs and alcohol; protests and political conflicts; profanity and vulgarity; sensational and shocking content; sexually suggestive content; war, crime, and conflict; and weapons and firearms. Therefore, a particular video (or media content item) stored in the collection management system 204 and / or a particular advertisement stored in the advertising service system 214 may have previously been tagged with one or more content identifiers (e.g., using metadata), each indicating a corresponding type of sensitive content.

[0120] In one or more implementations, the tagging of media content items, videos, and / or advertisements can be performed manually (e.g., where human users view the content and assign corresponding tags). Alternatively or additionally, the tagging of media content items, videos, and / or advertisements can be performed automatically (e.g., via a machine learning model). For example, the machine learning model may have been trained with samples of media content items, videos, and / or advertisements along with their respective types of sensitive content. After training, the machine learning model can be configured to receive different media content items, videos, and / or advertisements as input and output indications of the corresponding types of sensitive content (e.g., content identifiers).

[0121] Furthermore, the messaging system 100 can predefine groups (e.g., or mappings) of content identifiers that are considered similar to each other or otherwise related. As a non-limiting example, a group of sensitive content of related types includes: death and tragedy; war, crime and conflict; and weapons and firearms.

[0122] Therefore, a request for an advertisement at operation 530 may include any content identifier that tags the video. In one or more embodiments, this may include the union of content identifiers for all media content items included within the video.

[0123] At block 532, the advertising service system 214 selects advertisements by performing filtering based on content identifiers associated with the video and content identifiers associated with available advertisements. For example, the video may be tagged with a first content identifier (e.g., indicating death and tragedy). The advertising service system 214 determines a set of content identifiers associated with the first content identifier based on grouping or mapping of relevant sensitive content types (e.g., death and tragedy as discussed above; war, crime and conflict; and weapons and firearms).

[0124] The advertising service system 214 may implement or otherwise access various algorithms (e.g., server-side algorithms) for filtering advertisements in different ways. In the first example, the advertising service system 214 may filter (e.g., block) individual advertisements available in the advertisement list that are marked with content identifiers appearing within that set of content identifiers.

[0125] In the second example, the advertising service system 214 can filter ads based on ad sets, where the ad sets correspond to predefined ad groups (e.g., associated with an advertising campaign). In one or more embodiments, the advertising service system 214 is configured to detect that a particular ad set includes one or more ads marked with content identifiers appearing within that group's content identifiers (e.g., based on the union of all ads in the ad set). In response to such detection, the advertising service system 214 filters out all ads within the ad set.

[0126] In the third example, the advertising service system 214 can filter advertisements based on a list (e.g., a list of allowed or preferred types of content). In addition to the sensitive content types mentioned above, the messaging system 100 can be configured to tag videos (e.g., individual media content items of a video) and / or advertisements using content identifiers that indicate different types of positive (e.g., listed) content. Furthermore, the messaging system 100 can predefine groupings (e.g., or mappings) of content identifiers to allow or otherwise prefer each other (e.g., video content with sensitive content related to death and tragedy may allow or otherwise prefer positive advertising content related to donations and charity).

[0127] Note that the three examples above are non-limiting and other examples of filtering ad content can be used. Additionally, the ad service system 214 may employ combinations of the filtering algorithms mentioned above (and others) to provide ads that can potentially be inserted into breakpoints in the video.

[0128] After selecting an advertisement at block 532, the advertisement service system 214 provides the advertisement to the viewing client 504 (operation 534). In response to receiving the advertisement, the viewing client 504 presents the advertisement based on dynamic client-side insertion rules (as described below). Figure 6 (As discussed). Furthermore, as indicated by arrow element 538, process 500 can continue to repeat operations 528 to 536 to insert advertisements at subsequent breakpoints relative to the remainder of the video.

[0129] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a process 600 for inserting advertisements into a video based on client-side insertion rules, according to some example implementations. For illustrative purposes, this document primarily refers to... Figure 1The process 600 is described using a message receiving client 104. However, one or more blocks (or operations) of process 600 may be executed by one or more other components and / or other suitable devices. Further, for illustrative purposes, the blocks (or operations) of process 600 are described herein as occurring serially or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of process 600 may occur in parallel or simultaneously. Additionally, the blocks (or operations) of process 600 do not need to be executed in the order shown, and / or one or more blocks (or operations) of process 600 need not be executed and / or may be replaced by other operations. Process 600 may terminate when its operations are complete. Furthermore, process 600 may correspond to a method, program, algorithm, etc.

[0130] As mentioned above Figure 5 As discussed in block 536, the message sending client 104 (e.g., corresponding to the viewing client 504) is configured to insert advertisements received from the advertising service system 214 into the video based on one or more dynamic client-side insertion rules. Typically, dynamic client-side insertion rules cause the received advertisements to be inserted at a given breakpoint:

[0131] if

[0132] (The video playback time since the last advertisement is greater than or equal to the first time threshold, and breakpoints are given priority) or

[0133] (The video playback time since the last advertisement is ≥ the second time threshold, or the count of media content items played since the last advertisement is ≥ the count threshold)

[0134] (Current media content is insensitive) and (Next media content is insensitive)

[0135] Therefore, after the start block 602, message sending and receiving client 104 accesses the advertising service system 214 (e.g., in...). Figure 5 (534 operations) Advertisement provided by breakpoints in the video (block 604).

[0136] At decision block 606, message sending and receiving client 104 determines whether the amount of video playback time since the last advertisement (or since the start of the video if no advertisement was presented) meets a first time threshold. For example, the first time threshold corresponds to the minimum amount of playback time required before inserting an advertisement with respect to the current breakpoint (e.g., 20 seconds of playback time since the last advertisement or since the start of the video). If the first time threshold is not met, the advertisement is not inserted at the breakpoint.

[0137] If a first time threshold is met, the messaging client 104 determines whether the current media content item or the next media content item (e.g., the content item adjacent to the breakpoint) includes sensitive content (decision block 608). As described above, the messaging system 100 is configured to use a content identifier corresponding to the appropriate type of sensitive content to mark media content items and advertisements. In one or more embodiments, the messaging client 104 can prevent any advertisement from being displayed in association with a breakpoint where the current media content item or the next media content item is marked with a content identifier corresponding to sensitive content.

[0138] Alternatively or otherwise, the messaging client 104 can prevent advertisements with certain types of sensitive content from being displayed directly before and / or after media content items with the same (or related) types of sensitive content. In doing so, the messaging client 104 can place predefined types of sensitive content associated with the advertisement into a pass list while filtering out other predefined types of sensitive content. For example, if an adjacent media content item is marked with death and tragedy, the messaging client 104 can place an advertisement marked with a business issue into the pass list while filtering out other types of sensitive content.

[0139] Therefore, if the current media content item or the next media content item contains sensitive content (after the above filtering and / or through the list), the advertisement is not inserted at the breakpoint. Otherwise, the messaging client 104 determines whether the breakpoint is a priority breakpoint (decision block 610), and if so, inserts the advertisement at the breakpoint (block 614). For example, inserting an advertisement corresponds to playing the advertisement and continuing video playback after the advertisement.

[0140] If the breakpoint is not a priority breakpoint, the message sending and receiving client 104 determines whether a second time threshold or a counting threshold is met (decision block 612). For example, the second time threshold corresponds to the minimum amount of playback time required for a non-priority breakpoint (e.g., 40 seconds of playback time since the last advertisement or since the start of the video). Furthermore, the counting threshold corresponds to the minimum number of media content items required for playback at a non-priority breakpoint (e.g., 7 media content items). If neither the second time threshold nor the counting threshold is met, the advertisement is not inserted at the breakpoint. Otherwise, the advertisement is inserted (block 614).

[0141] As mentioned above Figure 5 As described in block 532, the advertising service system 214 may have previously filtered advertisements based on server-side logic. This may correspond to first-level filtering, and client-side rules may correspond to second-level filtering. In this respect, the granularity of filtering occurring on the server side and / or client side may be, for example, adjustable by a system administrator user.

[0142] For example, the sensitive content of the types mentioned above that can be filtered and / or excluded through lists can be user-adjustable (e.g., by a system administrator). In this way, the system administrator can provide configuration data regarding filtering through advertising content.

[0143] Furthermore, one or more of the first time threshold, the second time threshold, and / or the counting threshold may be adjustable settings that can be configured by a user (e.g., a system administrator). In this way, the system administrator can provide configuration data regarding the frequency of ad insertion. In one or more implementations, and with appropriate user permission (e.g., viewing user opt-in), the frequency of ad insertion may be based on profile data associated with the viewing user (e.g., age, geographic location, engagement with ads / content based on viewing history, etc.).

[0144] After the advertisement is inserted, the messaging client 104 causes a timer and a count to be reset at block 616. For example, the messaging client 104 resets a timer that tracks video playback time since the last advertisement and resets a count that tracks media content items played since the last advertisement. Process 600 ends at end block 618.

[0145] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a process 700 for setting conditional breakpoints in a video, according to some example implementations. For illustrative purposes, this document primarily refers to... Figure 2 The process 700 is described using a collection management system 204. However, one or more blocks (or operations) of process 700 may be executed by one or more other components and / or other suitable devices. Further, for illustrative purposes, the blocks (or operations) of process 700 are described herein as occurring serially or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of process 700 may occur in parallel or simultaneously. Additionally, the blocks (or operations) of process 700 do not need to be executed in the order shown, and / or one or more blocks (or operations) of process 700 need not be executed and / or may be replaced by other operations. Process 700 may terminate when its operations are complete. Furthermore, process 700 may correspond to a method, program, algorithm, etc.

[0146] As mentioned above Figure 5 As discussed in block 512, the collection management system 204 is configured to implement or otherwise access algorithms for analyzing video footage to logically select which shot boundaries should be designated as breakpoints. The logical selection of breakpoints may be based on a predefined set of breakpoint tests for grouping shots into one or more segments.

[0147] In one or more implementations, a segment corresponds to a scene, such as a segment of video (e.g., a film) in a continuous time and a single location, consisting of a series of shots, each of which is a set of consecutive frames from various camera devices at different angles. By dividing shots into segments / scenes and by setting breakpoints after each segment / scene (rather than after each shot boundary), the likelihood that a viewer will continue watching the video after the advertisement can be increased.

[0148] After starting block 702, the collection management system 204 accesses the video (block 704). For example, based on receiving the video by operation 508 and pressing... Figure 5 Block 510 stores the video for access. The collection management system 204 determines the shot boundaries of the video (block 706).

[0149] To determine shot boundaries, the ensemble management system 204 analyzes the video from beginning to end (e.g., from the first frame to the last frame) to detect which consecutive groups of frames exist between corresponding video transitions. For example, each shot has image continuity across a series of frames running over an uninterrupted time period, where one or more of the following are absent between a given series of frames: jump cut (e.g., when there is no transition between one video clip and the next), blank frames or other types of frame transitions (e.g., splicing two frames together), fade in / out (where a frame slowly fades to black), fade out (where a frame slowly disappears and another adjacent frame slowly appears), wipe (where a frame slowly slides off the screen and an adjacent frame slides in), etc. In one or more embodiments, the ensemble management system 204 may employ pairwise frame pHash thresholding to detect shot boundaries.

[0150] As described above, the video includes multiple media content items, each of which can be configured to be displayed for a preset amount of time (e.g., 8 seconds). In one or more embodiments, the collection management system 204 can set a given shot boundary to coincide with the boundary of the corresponding media content item (e.g., the boundary between two adjacent media content items). Alternatively or additionally, for example, when a transition occurs in the middle of a media content item, the collection management system 204 can set a given shot boundary within the media content item.

[0151] Regarding operations 708 to 716, the set management system 204 is configured to perform a set of breakpoint tests for each shot boundary to determine which shot boundaries should be designated as breakpoints. For example, breakpoints logically separate segments (e.g., scenes).

[0152] Therefore, at block 708, the set management system 204 accesses the next shot (e.g., starting from the first shot). At block 710, the set management system 204 performs the set of breakpoint tests with respect to the accessed shot and calculates a combined score for the breakpoint tests against the corresponding shot boundaries. Each breakpoint test in the set of breakpoint tests returns its own score. The score indicates whether the shot boundary should be set as a breakpoint for that breakpoint test.

[0153] For example, each breakpoint test can be configured to return a score of 0 (e.g., indicating that the shot does not correspond to a breakpoint) or 1 (e.g., indicating that the shot corresponds to a breakpoint). Alternatively, each breakpoint test can be configured with a corresponding weighted score, such that some breakpoint tests are prioritized or otherwise biased relative to other breakpoint tests.

[0154] At block 710, the collection management system 204 further calculates a combined score (e.g., a total score) based on the individual breakpoint scores of the current breakpoint. In one or more embodiments, the combined score is calculated as a linear combination of the individual breakpoint scores. As described above, the individual scores can be weighted equally (e.g., where a score of 0 or 1 is available for each breakpoint test), or they can be weighted differently for each breakpoint test.

[0155] In one or more embodiments, the set of breakpoint tests includes one or more of the following: video fade-out test, audio fade-out test, average audio volume test, transcribed text gap test, color histogram test, primary color test, audio frequency histogram test, background audio test, on-screen text test, face scan test, and / or machine learning-based test.

[0156] The video fade-out test is configured to detect video fade-outs between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries. For example, in traditional linear television content, commercial breaks (e.g., corresponding to breakpoints) can be directly incorporated into the production process. One indication of a commercial break is when the screen gradually fades to black. The collection management system 204 can implement or otherwise access the algorithm used to detect fade-outs. Alternatively or additionally, the collection management system 204 can be configured to detect black frames at the end of a shot (e.g., as a representative of fade-out detection).

[0157] The audio fade-out test is configured to detect audio fade-outs between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries. For example, an audio volume fade-out (e.g., when background music fades out) can indicate an interruption in action. The set management system 204 can implement or otherwise access algorithms for detecting audio fade-outs. For example, the set management system 204 can at least partially compare the average volume (e.g., in full-scale loudness units or LUF) of the final portion (e.g., the second portion) of a shot with the first portion of a subsequent shot. If the difference is above a threshold, this may indicate a scene / segment change (e.g., a breakpoint).

[0158] The average audio volume test is configured to detect loud audio (e.g., corresponding to action shots that should not be interrupted by an advertisement). For a given shot boundary, a window of audio of a fixed duration is considered around that shot boundary (e.g., 100 ms on either side of the shot boundary). The average loudness of the audio is calculated within this segment. Shot boundaries with audio that is very loud on average tend not to constitute good ad insertion points because loud audio usually indicates that some action is taking place at the shot boundary and that action should not be interrupted by an advertisement.

[0159] The transcribed text gap test is configured to detect pauses in speech between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries based on the timestamps of the transcribed text of adjacent shots. For example, scene / segment changes can often be associated with pauses in speech. The collection management system 204 can implement or otherwise access the speech-to-text algorithm to generate transcribed text with timestamps of video (e.g., including shots adjacent to shot boundaries). Threshold gaps between utterances near the boundaries can indicate breakpoints relative to the transcribed text gap test.

[0160] Color histogram testing is configured to detect a threshold difference in color content between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries based on the corresponding color histograms of adjacent shots. For example, a scene / segment change may occur when action on a camera device moves from one physical location to another. In another example, a shift from a live-action camera shot to a graphic / title shot can indicate a scene / segment change. In each of these examples, the typical color content of frames in previous and subsequent shots can be significantly different (e.g., note that the pHash algorithm used for shot detection may discard color information). The ensemble management system 204 can be configured to implement or otherwise access algorithms to detect adjacent shots with a threshold difference in color content. For example, the ensemble management system 204 can (1) build a monochrome histogram for all frames of each shot, (2) implement a distance metric (e.g., the distance of a bulldozer) on these histograms, and (3) use thresholding to identify pairs of shots with particularly far histograms. In this example, each bin in the histogram can describe the number of red, green, or blue pixels within a certain value range (e.g., 0 to 32, 33 to 64, ..., 223 to 255).

[0161] The dominant color text is configured to detect the dominant color about video frames. For a given shot boundary, pairs of video frames on either side of the boundary are considered. For each frame of the video, the dominant color of the image is calculated, which is a single color that best reflects the overall color of the image. For example, the dominant color can be calculated using known methods. The distance between the dominant colors of frames on either side of the shot boundary indicates the similarity between two adjacent shots. For example, if the dominant colors are very far apart, the shots may be from different scenes. However, if the dominant colors are very close, the shots may be from the same scene. By considering both positive and negative examples, a dominant color distance threshold can be selected that distinguishes shot boundaries that are likely scene boundaries from shot boundaries that are more likely to separate shots within the scene.

[0162] The audio frequency histogram test is configured to detect a threshold difference in audio content between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries, based on the corresponding audio frequency histograms of adjacent shots. For example, a significant change in audio content between adjacent shots can indicate a scene / segment change. Similar to the color histogram described above, the collection management system 204 can implement or otherwise access algorithms to employ histograms and thresholding with respect to the audio frequency histogram. In this example, each "box" in the histogram can describe a time fraction in a given shot that occurs within a frequency range (e.g., 16 Hz to 32 Hz, 32 Hz to 512 Hz, ..., 16 kHz to 32 kHz), multiplied by the average volume level of that frequency range.

[0163] Background audio testing is configured to group one or more adjacent shots in a video based on background audio shared by one or more adjacent shots. For example, background audio may indicate scene / segment changes (e.g., the addition or removal of music, changes in ambient sound, and / or different frequencies of background white noise recorded at different locations becoming more prominent). The set management system 204 may implement or otherwise access algorithms to extract background audio (e.g., by first extracting speech audio, then inverting the resulting waveform and combining it with the source audio to remove speech audio). Alternatively or additionally, the set management system 204 may implement or otherwise access algorithms to remove sound by assuming that sound is mixed into a center audio channel (e.g., removing everything that appears equally in the left and right channels). The set management system 204 may determine the loudness and most prominent frequencies of audio during the time period of a given shot and calculate the distance between audio in adjacent shots to group shots together into a scene / segment.

[0164] The on-screen text (subtitle) test is configured to detect a threshold difference in displayed text between adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries. For example, the presence of on-screen text can indicate a scene / segment change. The collection management system 204 can implement or otherwise access algorithms to detect graphical interruptions (e.g., associated with on-screen text) based on threshold processing to detect scene / segment changes (e.g., corresponding to breakpoints).

[0165] The face scan test is configured to detect a threshold difference between faces identified in adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundaries. For example, a change in the face depicted in a video (e.g., different views indicating different people rather than the same person) can indicate a scene / segment change. The collection management system 204 may implement or otherwise access algorithms to detect a group of individuals in a video (e.g., via their faces) and determine whether that group of individuals has changed. The threshold change composition and / or the number of individuals can indicate a scene / segment change. In one or more embodiments, the collection management system 204 does not necessarily identify individuals (e.g., based on comparing detected faces with a database storing facial and / or other identification information), but rather anonymously detects different faces locally at the client device 102 to determine whether a face has changed between shots.

[0166] The machine learning-based test is configured to provide one or more shots corresponding to shot boundaries as input to the machine learning model. The machine learning model is configured to output a score indicating that the shot boundaries correspond to breakpoints (e.g., screen / segment changes) based on the input of one or more shots. For example, the machine learning model can be trained using existing television scripts with additional natural language processing (NLP) annotations, such as sentiment analysis, emotion analysis, punctuation, timestamps, keywords (e.g., "next," "stop"), etc. The collection management system 204 can be configured to implement or otherwise access the machine learning model regarding the determination of new ad placements (e.g., breakpoints) in the scripts within the video.

[0167] As described above with respect to block 706, the ensemble management system 204 is configured to determine shot boundaries of a video (e.g., based on pairwise frame pHash thresholding). In some cases, detected shot boundaries may include false positives (e.g., where too many shot boundaries are detected rather than too few). For example, the pHash threshold may initially be set to bias towards false positives (e.g., to address editing challenges). False positives may not be appropriate scene boundaries because they correspond to the middle of a real shot. Therefore, in one or more embodiments, the ensemble management system 204 can increase the likelihood that a shot boundary is an appropriate scene boundary by increasing the threshold for pairwise frame pHash triggering as a shot boundary. For example, the threshold may be an adjustable setting by a system administrator. Furthermore, the threshold can be set to increase by a level to minimize the risk of false negatives (e.g., where shot boundaries are completely ignored from consideration).

[0168] As described above, the collection management system 204 calculates a combined (e.g., total) score based on the individual breakpoint test scores. The collection management system 204 determines whether the combined score meets a threshold (decision block 712). If the threshold is met, the collection management system 204 sets the shot boundary as a breakpoint (block 714). Otherwise, the collection management system 204 continues to the next shot in the video (block 708) until all shots in the video have been evaluated (based on decision block 716). The process then ends at end block 718.

[0169] Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 , Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 , Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 as well as Figures 9B-1 to 9B-2 An example of setting a breakpoint for video 802 is shown. For example, the video may correspond to a version comprising a series of multiple media content items. Each multimedia content item is configured to be displayed for the current duration (e.g., 8 seconds). As described above, the video can be submitted by the publisher to the collection management system 204 via the publisher client 502.

[0170] Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 An example of a video 802 having multiple media content items is shown according to some example implementations. Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 In the example, for illustrative purposes, media content items are labeled as “content item #1” through “content item #13”.

[0171] like Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 As depicted in the example, video 802 instructs content items #4 and #12 to "play an advertisement afterward." For example, this interval between advertisements could be based on a predefined configuration for inserting advertisements (e.g., where advertisements are predefined to be inserted after the fourth media content item of the video and after the twelfth media content item).

[0172] Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 An example of setting conditional and prioritized breakpoints for video 802 according to some example implementations is shown. Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 In the example, except for the first content item #1, and all media content items except for the subscription content item (not shown), the collection management system 204 sets a breakpoint after each media content item. Therefore, in Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 In the example, breakpoints 804 to 806, 810 to 822, and 826 correspond to breakpoints that meet the criteria (vertical bars depicted as solid lines). Additionally, breakpoints 808 and 824 correspond to preferred breakpoints (vertical bars depicted as dashed lines).

[0173] As mentioned above, priority breakpoints can be designed by the publisher (or authorized user) to indicate the preferred location within the video for placing advertisements. However, priority breakpoints can also be set without explicit specification by the publisher. For example, in Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 In the above, priority breakpoints 808 and 824 can be based on the above... Figures 8A-1 to 8A-2 The discussion focuses on setting predefined configurations for interval advertising (e.g., after the fourth and twelfth media content items). Such settings for priority breakpoints (e.g., not explicitly set by the publisher) can be based on configuration settings of the messaging system 100, which enables the collection management system 204 to set / adjust priority breakpoints. Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 In the example, all remaining breakpoints 804 to 806, 810 to 822, and 826 are set as breakpoints that meet the criteria.

[0174] Although Figures 8B-1 to 8B-2 The example illustrates the setting of breakpoints after each media content item (e.g., excluding exceptions), but it should be noted that breakpoints can be set as described above regarding... Figures 5 to 7The different methods described above can be used to set breakpoints. For example, breakpoints can be set between all shot boundaries (e.g., with exceptions, and where some shot boundaries are within media content items), and / or a set of breakpoint tests can be used to set breakpoints based on logical selection of breakpoints (e.g., scene / segment change).

[0175] Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 Examples of setting media content items as sensitive according to some exemplary implementations are shown. As described above, in some implementations, the messaging client 104 is configured to prevent or otherwise reduce the likelihood of advertising insertion at a breakpoint where the current media content item or the next media content item is marked with a content identifier corresponding to sensitive content. For example... Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 As shown in the example, content items #1 through #4 are marked as sensitive (e.g., depicted as sensitive label 902). Therefore, the messaging client 104 can prevent / reduce the likelihood of inserting an advertisement after content item #4 (as described below). Figures 9B-1 to 9B-2 (As discussed).

[0176] Figures 9B-1 to 9B-2 An example is shown where a breakpoint is set in video 802, with media content item #4 marked as sensitive, according to some example implementations. As mentioned above, content item #4 is marked with sensitive content. Therefore, Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 The preferred breakpoint 808 can be replaced by a breakpoint 904 that meets the conditions. For example, it can be done by using... Figures 9B-1 to 9B-2 The priority breakpoint 906 shown in the figure is replaced Figures 9A-1 to 9A-2 The breakpoint 810 that meets the criteria is shifted to the priority breakpoint. Such shifting can be based on the configuration settings of the message sending and receiving system 100 that enable the collection management system 204 (rather than the publisher) to set / adjust the priority breakpoint.

[0177] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a process 1000 for setting breakpoints in a video according to some example implementations. For illustrative purposes, this document primarily refers to... Figure 2 The process 1000 is described using a collection management system 204. However, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 1000 may be executed by one or more other components and / or other suitable devices. Further, for illustrative purposes, the blocks (or operations) of the process 1000 are described herein as occurring serially or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of the process 1000 may occur in parallel or simultaneously. Additionally, the blocks (or operations) of the process 1000 do not need to be executed in the order shown, and / or one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 1000 do not need to be executed and / or may be replaced by other operations. The process 1000 may terminate when its operations are complete. Furthermore, the process 1000 may correspond to a method, program, algorithm, etc.

[0178] The collection management system 204 accesses the video (block 1002). The collection management system 204 determines multiple shot boundaries of the video, each shot boundary defining a shot corresponding to a consecutive series of video frames without clipping or transitions (block 1004). In one example, shot boundary determination may be based on pairwise frame pHash thresholding, which can be adjusted by the system administrator to limit at least one of false positives or false negatives.

[0179] For each of the multiple shot boundaries, the collection management system 204 performs a set of breakpoint tests on the shot boundary, each breakpoint test being configured to return a corresponding score indicating whether the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint used for potentially inserting advertisements during video playback (block 1006), calculates a combined score for the shot boundary based on each of the combined corresponding scores (block 1008), and sets the shot boundary as a breakpoint if the combined score meets a threshold (block 1010).

[0180] This set of breakpoint tests may include a video fade-out test, configured to detect video fade-outs between adjacent shots corresponding to a shot boundary, and return a score based on the detection indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint. This set of breakpoint tests may also include an audio fade-out test, configured to detect audio fade-outs between adjacent shots corresponding to a shot boundary, and return a score based on the detection indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint.

[0181] The set of breakpoint tests may include a transcription text gap test, which is configured to detect pauses in speech between adjacent shots based on the timestamps of the transcribed text of adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries, and to return a score indicating that the shot boundaries correspond to breakpoints based on the detection. The set of breakpoint tests may also include a color histogram test, which is configured to detect threshold differences in color content between adjacent shots based on the corresponding color histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to shot boundaries, and to return a score indicating that the shot boundaries correspond to breakpoints based on the detection.

[0182] The breakpoint tests may include an audio frequency histogram test, configured to detect a threshold difference in audio content between adjacent shots based on the corresponding audio frequency histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundary, and to return a score indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint based on the detection. The breakpoint tests may also include a background audio test, configured to group one or more adjacent shots based on background audio shared by one or more adjacent shots in the video, and to return a score indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint based on the grouping.

[0183] The set of breakpoint tests may include an on-screen text test, configured to detect a threshold difference in displayed text between adjacent shots corresponding to a shot boundary, and to return a score based on the detection indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint. The set of breakpoint tests may also include a face scan test, configured to detect a threshold difference in recognized faces (e.g., indicating facial recognition of different people, rather than different views of the same person) between adjacent shots corresponding to a shot boundary, and to return a score based on the detection indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint.

[0184] This set of breakpoint tests may include machine learning-based tests configured to take one or more shots corresponding to shot boundaries as input to a machine learning model. The machine learning model is configured to output a score indicating that the shot boundaries correspond to breakpoints based on the input of one or more shots.

[0185] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an access restriction process 1100, according to which access to content (e.g., a short message 1102 and its associated multimedia data payload) or a collection of content (e.g., a short message group 1104) can be time-restricted (e.g., made short-lived).

[0186] A brief message 1102 is shown as associated with a message duration parameter 1106, the value of which determines the amount of time the message sending and receiving client 104 will display the brief message 1102 to the receiving user. In one example, depending on the amount of time specified by the sending user using the message duration parameter 1106, the receiving user can view the brief message 1102 for up to 10 seconds.

[0187] Message duration parameter 1106 and message receiver identifier 424 are shown as inputs to message timer 1110, which is responsible for determining the amount of time for which brief message 1102 is shown to a specific receiving user identified by message receiver identifier 424. Specifically, brief message 1102 is shown to the relevant receiving user only within the time period determined by the value of message duration parameter 1106. Message timer 1110 is shown as providing an output to a more generalized brief timer system 202, which is responsible for the overall timing of displaying content (e.g., brief message 1102) to the receiving user.

[0188] Brief message 1102 Figure 11The message group 1104 is shown as a collection of messages included within a short message group 1104 (e.g., a collection of messages in a personal story or event story). The short message group 1104 has an associated group duration parameter 1108, the value of which determines the duration for which the short message group 1104 is presented and accessible to a user of the messaging system 100. For example, the group duration parameter 1108 could be the duration of a concert, where the short message group 1104 is a collection of content about that concert. Alternatively, when setting up and creating the short message group 1104, the user (owner user or curator user) can specify the value of the group duration parameter 1108.

[0189] Additionally, each ephemeral message 1102 within ephemeral message group 1104 has an associated group participation parameter 1112, the value of which determines the duration for which the ephemeral message 1102 is accessible within the context of ephemeral message group 1104. Therefore, a particular ephemeral message group 1104 can "expire" and become inaccessible within its context before the ephemeral message group 1104 itself expires according to the group duration parameter 1108. The group duration parameter 1108, the group participation parameter 1112, and the message receiver identifier 424 each provide input to a group timer 1114, which is operable to first determine whether a particular ephemeral message 1102 in ephemeral message group 1104 will be displayed to a specific receiving user, and if so, determine for how long. Note that due to the message receiver identifier 424, ephemeral message group 1104 also knows the identity of the specific receiving user.

[0190] Therefore, group timer 1114 operatively controls the total usage period of the associated ephemeral message group 1104 and the individual ephemeral messages 1102 included within ephemeral message group 1104. In one example, each ephemeral message 1102 within ephemeral message group 1104 remains viewable and accessible for a period of time specified by group duration parameter 1108. In another example, within the context of ephemeral message group 1104, a particular ephemeral message 1102 may expire based on group participation parameter 1112. Note that even within the context of ephemeral message group 1104, message duration parameter 1106 can still determine the duration for which a particular ephemeral message 1102 is displayed to the receiving user. Therefore, message duration parameter 1106 determines the duration for which a particular ephemeral message 1102 is displayed to the receiving user, regardless of whether the receiving user views the ephemeral message 1102 within or outside the context of ephemeral message group 1104.

[0191] The short-lived timer system 202 can also operatively remove a specific short-lived message 1102 from the short-lived message group 1104 based on determining that the associated group participation parameter 1112 has expired. For example, if the sending user has established a group participation parameter 1112 for 24 hours from the date of publication, the short-lived timer system 202 will remove the relevant short-lived message 1102 from the short-lived message group 1104 after the specified 24 hours. The short-lived timer system 202 also operates to remove the short-lived message group 1104 when the group participation parameter 1112 for each short-lived message 1102 within the short-lived message group 1104 has expired, or when the short-lived message group 1104 itself has expired according to the group duration parameter 1108.

[0192] In certain use cases, the creator of a specific ephemeral message group 1104 can specify an indefinite group duration parameter 1108. In this case, the expiration of the group participation parameter 1112 for the last remaining ephemeral message 1102 within the ephemeral message group 1104 will determine when the ephemeral message group 1104 itself expires. In this case, adding a new ephemeral message 1102 with a new group participation parameter 1112 to the ephemeral message group 1104 effectively extends the lifetime of the ephemeral message group 1104 to a value equal to the group participation parameter 1112.

[0193] In response to the short-lived timer system 202 determining that the short-lived message group 1104 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible), the short-lived timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system 100 (and, in particular, the messaging client 104) to cause the markers (e.g., icons) associated with the relevant short-lived message group 1104 to no longer be displayed in the user interface of the messaging client 104. Similarly, when the short-lived timer system 202 determines that the message duration parameter 1106 for a particular short-lived message 1102 has expired, the short-lived timer system 202 causes the messaging client 104 to no longer display the markers (e.g., icons or text labels) associated with the short-lived message 1102.

[0194] Figure 12This is a schematic representation of machine 1200, within which instructions 1210 (e.g., software, program, application, app, or other executable code) can be executed to cause machine 1200 to perform any or more of the methods discussed herein. For example, instructions 1210 can cause machine 1200 to perform any or more of the methods described herein. Instructions 1210 transform the general, unprogrammed machine 1200 into a specific machine 1200 programmed to perform the described and illustrated functions in the described manner. Machine 1200 can operate as a standalone device or can be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, machine 1200 can operate as a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. Machine 1200 may include, but is not limited to, server computers, client computers, personal computers (PCs), tablet computers, laptop computers, netbooks, set-top boxes (STBs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), entertainment media systems, cellular phones, smartphones, mobile devices, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches), smart home devices (e.g., smart appliances), other smart devices, web devices, network routers, network switches, network bridges, or any machine capable of sequentially or otherwise executing instructions 1210 specifying actions to be taken by machine 1200. Furthermore, although only a single machine 1200 is shown, the term "machine" should also be considered as a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute instructions 1210 to perform any or more of the methods discussed herein. For example, machine 1200 may include client device 102 or any of a plurality of server devices forming part of message transceiver server system 108. In some examples, machine 1200 may also include both client and server systems, wherein certain operations of a particular method or algorithm are performed on the server side and certain operations of said particular method or algorithm are performed on the client side.

[0195] Machine 1200 may include a processor 1204, a memory 1206, and an input / output (I / O) unit 1202 that can be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 1240. In the example, processor 1204 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, processors 1208 and 1212 that execute instruction 1210. The term "processor" is intended to include multi-core processors, which may include two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as "cores") capable of executing instructions simultaneously. Although Figure 12 Multiple processors 1204 are shown, but machine 1200 may include a single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiple cores, or any combination thereof.

[0196] Memory 1206 includes main memory 1214, static memory 1216, and memory cells 1218, all of which are accessible by processor 1204 via bus 1240. Main memory 1206, static memory 1216, and memory cells 1218 store instructions 1210 that implement any one or more of the methods or functions described herein. Instructions 1210 may also reside wholly or partially within main memory 1214, static memory 1216, machine-readable medium 1220 within memory cell 1218, at least one processor of processor 1204 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof during execution by machine 1200.

[0197] I / O component 1202 may include various components for receiving input, providing output, generating output, sending information, exchanging information, capturing measurement results, etc. The specific I / O component 1202 included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, a portable machine such as a mobile phone may include a touch input device or other such input mechanism, while a headless server machine is unlikely to include such a touch input device. It should be recognized that I / O component 1202 may include... Figure 12Many other components are not shown. In various examples, I / O component 1202 may include user output component 1226 and user input component 1228. User output component 1226 may include visual components (e.g., displays such as plasma display panels (PDPs), light-emitting diode (LED) displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), projectors, or cathode ray tube (CRT) displays), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., vibration motors, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, etc. User input component 1228 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., keyboards, touchscreens configured to receive alphanumeric input, optical keyboards, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., mice, touchpads, trackballs, joysticks, motion sensors, or other pointing instruments), haptic input components (e.g., physical buttons, touchscreens or other haptic input components that provide the position and force of a touch or touch gesture), audio input components (e.g., microphones), etc.

[0198] In other examples, I / O component 1202 may include biometric component 1230, motion component 1232, environmental component 1234, or position component 1236, as well as a wide range of other components. For example, biometric component 1230 includes components for detecting expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body posture, or eye tracking), measuring biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, sweating, or brain waves), and identifying people (e.g., voice recognition, retinal recognition, facial recognition, fingerprint recognition, or EEG-based recognition). Motion component 1232 includes accelerometer components (e.g., accelerometers), gravity sensor components, and rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscopes).

[0199] The environmental component 1234 includes, for example, one or more camera devices (with still image / photograph and video capabilities), lighting sensor components (e.g., photometers), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers for detecting ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometers), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones for detecting background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors for detecting nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors for detecting the concentration of hazardous gases for safety purposes or for measuring pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that can provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to the surrounding physical environment.

[0200] Regarding the camera device, client device 102 may have a camera device system including, for example, a front-facing camera on the front surface of client device 102 and a rear-facing camera on the rear surface of client device 102. The front-facing camera may be used, for example, to capture still images and videos (e.g., "selfies") of the user of client device 102, which can then be enhanced with the aforementioned enhancement data (e.g., filters). For example, the rear-facing camera may be used to capture still images and videos in a more conventional camera device mode, which are similarly enhanced with the enhancement data. In addition to the front and rear-facing cameras, client device 102 may also include a 360° camera for capturing 360° photos and videos.

[0201] Furthermore, the camera system of the client device 102 may include dual rear cameras (e.g., a main camera and a depth-sensing camera), or even include triple, quadruple, or quintuple rear camera configurations on the front and rear sides of the client device 102. For example, these multi-camera systems may include wide-angle cameras, ultra-wide-angle cameras, telephoto cameras, macro cameras, and depth sensors.

[0202] The position component 1236 includes a positioning sensor component (e.g., a GPS receiver component), an altitude sensor component (e.g., an altimeter or barometer that detects air pressure and from which altitude can be obtained), an orientation sensor component (e.g., a magnetometer), etc.

[0203] Various technologies can be used to achieve communication. I / O component 1202 also includes a communication component 1238 operable to couple machine 1200 to network 1222 or device 1224 via a corresponding coupling or connection. For example, communication component 1238 may include a network interface component or another suitable device that interfaces with network 1222. In other examples, communication component 1238 may include a wired communication component, a wireless communication component, a cellular communication component, a near field communication (NFC) component, or Bluetooth. ® Components (e.g., Bluetooth) ® Low energy consumption), Wi-Fi ® Components, and other communication components for providing communication via other means. Device 1224 can be any peripheral device from another machine or various peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via USB).

[0204] Furthermore, the communication component 1238 can detect identifiers, or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication component 1238 may include a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader component, an NFC smart tag detection component, an optical reader component (e.g., an optical sensor for detecting one-dimensional barcodes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) barcodes, multi-dimensional barcodes such as Quick Response (QR) codes, Aztec codes, data matrices, data symbols, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D barcodes, and other optical codes), or an acoustic detection component (e.g., a microphone for identifying audio signals from the tag). Additionally, various information can be obtained via the communication component 1238, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting NFC beacon signals that can indicate a specific location, etc.

[0205] Various memories (e.g., main memory 1214, static memory 1216, and the memory of processor 1204) and storage units 1218 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) implemented or used by any one or more of the methods or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., instruction 1210) cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples when executed by processor 1204.

[0206] Instructions 1210 can be sent or received over network 1222 via a transmission medium using a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in communication component 1238) and using any of several known transmission protocols (e.g., Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, instructions 1210 can be sent or received via a transmission medium coupled to device 1224 (e.g., peer-to-peer coupling).

[0207] Figure 13 This is a block diagram 1300 illustrating a software architecture 1304 that can be installed on any one or more of the devices described herein. The software architecture 1304 is supported by hardware such as a machine 1302 including a processor 1320, memory 1326, and I / O components 1338. In this example, the software architecture 1304 can be conceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides a specific function. The software architecture 1304 includes layers such as an operating system 1312, libraries 1310, frameworks 1308, and applications 1306. Operationally, application 1306 activates API call 1350 via the software stack and receives message 1352 in response to API call 1350.

[0208] Operating system 1312 manages hardware resources and provides public services. Operating system 1312 includes, for example, a kernel 1314, services 1316, and drivers 1322. Kernel 1314 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware layer and other software layers. For example, kernel 1314 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking and security settings, and other functions. Services 1316 can provide other public services to other software layers. Drivers 1322 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For example, drivers 1322 may include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® low-power drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, etc.

[0209] Library 1310 provides common low-level infrastructure used by application 1306. Library 1310 may include system library 1318 (e.g., the C standard library), which provides functions such as memory allocation, string manipulation, and mathematical functions. Additionally, library 1310 may include API library 1324, such as media libraries (e.g., libraries for supporting the rendering and manipulation of various media formats, such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Picture Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Web Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., the OpenGL framework for rendering graphic content on a display in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) formats), database libraries (e.g., SQLite, which provides various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit, which provides web browsing capabilities), and so on. Library 1310 may also include various other libraries 1328 to provide many other APIs to application 1306.

[0210] Framework 1308 provides common high-level infrastructure for use by application 1306. For example, framework 1308 provides various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, advanced resource management, and advanced location services. Framework 1308 can provide a wide range of other APIs that can be used by application 1306, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.

[0211] In the example, application 1306 may include home application 1336, contacts application 1330, browser application 1332, book reader application 1334, location application 1342, media application 1344, messaging application 1346, game application 1348, and a wide variety of other applications such as third-party application 1340. Application 1306 is a program that performs the functions defined in the program. One or more applications 1306 can be created using various programming languages, such as object-oriented programming languages ​​(e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages ​​(e.g., C or assembly language). In a particular example, third-party application 1340 (e.g., an application developed by an entity other than a platform vendor using the Android™ or iOS™ Software Development Kit (SDK)) may be mobile software that runs on a mobile operating system such as iOS™, Android™, Windows® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, a third-party application 1340 can activate API calls 1350 provided by the operating system 1312 to facilitate the functionality described herein.

[0212] Glossary

[0213] "Carrier signal" refers to any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions to be executed by a machine, and includes digital or analog communication signals or other intangible media to facilitate the communication of such instructions. Instructions can be sent or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.

[0214] "Client device" refers to any machine that interfaces with a communication network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. Client devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablet computers, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user can use to access the network.

[0215] "Communications network" refers to one or more parts of a network, which can be an ad hoc network, intranet, extranet, virtual private network (VPN), local area network (LAN), wireless LAN (WLAN), wide area network (WAN), wireless WAN (WWAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a part of the Internet, a part of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or part of a network may include a wireless network or a cellular network, and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, coupling can implement any data transmission technology of various types, such as single-carrier radio transmission technology (1xRTT), evolved data optimization (EVDO) technology, general packet radio service (GPRS) technology, enhanced data rate GSM evolution (EDGE) technology, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth-generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards, other data transmission technologies defined by various standards setting organizations, other long-distance protocols, or other data transmission technologies.

[0216] A “component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by functional or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide partitioning or modularity for specific processing or control functions. A component can be combined with other components via its interface to perform machine processing. A component can be an encapsulated functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and can be part of a program that typically performs a specific function within a related function. A component can constitute a software component (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or a hardware component. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and can be configured or arranged in some physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., standalone computer systems, client computer systems, or server computer systems) or one or more hardware components (e.g., processors or processor groups) of a computer system can be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) to operate to perform certain operations as described herein. Hardware components can also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or in any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component can include a dedicated circuit system or logic permanently configured to perform certain operations. Hardware components can be dedicated processors, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Hardware components can also include programmable logic or circuit systems temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, the hardware component becomes a specific machine (or a specific part of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured function and is no longer a general-purpose processor. It should be recognized that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically in a dedicated and permanently configured circuit system or in a temporarily configured (e.g., software-configured) circuit system can be made for cost and time considerations. Therefore, the phrase "hardware component" (or "hardware-implemented component") should be understood to include tangible entities, i.e., entities physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain way or perform certain operations described herein. Consider the example of a hardware component being temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), without needing to configure or instantiate each hardware component at any given time. For example, in cases where the hardware components include a general-purpose processor that is configured as a dedicated processor via software, this general-purpose processor can be configured as its own distinct dedicated processor (e.g., including different hardware components) at different times. The software accordingly configures one or more specific processors to constitute a particular hardware component at one moment and different hardware components at different times. Hardware components can provide information to and receive information from other hardware components. Therefore, the described hardware components can be considered communicatively coupled.In the presence of multiple hardware components, communication can be achieved through signal transmission between or among these hardware components (e.g., via appropriate circuitry and buses). In examples where multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, such communication between hardware components can be achieved, for example, by storing information in a memory structure accessible to the multiple hardware components and retrieving information from the memory structure. For example, a hardware component can perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device communicatively coupled to it. Another hardware component can then access the memory device at a subsequent time to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components can also initiate communication with input or output devices and can operate on resources (e.g., collections of information). The various operations of the example methods described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more processors configured, either temporarily (e.g., by software) or permanently, to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors can constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, "processor-implemented component" refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein can be implemented at least in part by processors, where a particular processor or one or more processors are examples of hardware. For example, at least some operations of the methods can be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Furthermore, one or more processors can also operate to support the execution of related operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “Software as a Service” (SaaS) operation. For example, at least some operations can be performed by a group of computers (as an example of a machine including processors), where these operations are accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., APIs). The execution of some operations can be distributed among processors, residing not only within a single machine but also deployed across multiple machines. In some examples, the processor or processor-implemented component may reside in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, office environment, or server cluster). In other examples, the processor or processor-implemented component may be distributed across multiple geographic locations.

[0217] "Computer-readable storage medium" refers to both machine-readable storage media and transmission media. Therefore, these terms encompass both storage devices / media and carrier / modulated data signals. The terms "machine-readable medium," "computer-readable medium," and "device-readable medium" refer to the same thing and can be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0218] A "brief message" is a message that can be accessed for a limited time. Brief messages can be text, images, videos, etc. The access time for a brief message can be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time can be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting method, the message is temporary.

[0219] "Machine storage medium" refers to one or more storage devices and media (e.g., centralized or distributed databases, and associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines, and data. Therefore, this term should be considered to include, but is not limited to, solid-state memory and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to the processor. Specific examples of machine storage media, computer storage media, and device storage media include: non-volatile memory, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices such as erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGAs, and flash memory devices; disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The terms "machine storage medium," "device storage medium," and "computer storage medium" mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms "machine storage medium," "computer storage medium," and "device storage medium" expressly exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered by the term "signal medium."

[0220] "Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium" refers to a tangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions that can be executed by a machine.

[0221] "Signal medium" means any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying machine-executable instructions and including digital or analog communication signals, or other intangible medium that facilitates the communication of software or data. The term "signal medium" should be considered to include any form of modulated data signal, carrier wave, etc. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal whose characteristics are set or altered in a manner that encodes information in the signal. The terms "transmission medium" and "signal medium" mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for setting ad breakpoints in a video, comprising: Access the video; Determine multiple shot boundaries for the video, each shot boundary defining a shot corresponding to a continuous series of video frames without editing or transitions; as well as For each of the plurality of lens boundaries, A set of breakpoint tests is performed on the shot boundary, each breakpoint test being configured to return a corresponding score indicating whether the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint used for potentially inserting advertisements during playback of the video. The combined score of the lens boundary is calculated based on each of the corresponding scores, and If the combined score meets the threshold, the lens boundary is set as the breakpoint. The set of breakpoint tests includes a background audio test, which is configured as follows: Grouping the one or more adjacent shots based on background audio with speech removed, shared by one or more adjacent shots in the video; and The score is returned based on the grouping, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a video fade-out test, which is configured to: Detecting video fade-out between adjacent shots corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes an audio fade-out test, which is configured to: Detecting audio fade-out between adjacent shots corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a transcription text gap test, which is configured to: Based on the timestamps of the transcribed text of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundaries, pauses in speech between adjacent shots are detected; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a color histogram test, which is configured to: The threshold difference in color content between adjacent shots is detected based on the corresponding color histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes an audio frequency histogram test, which is configured to: The threshold difference of audio content between adjacent shots is detected based on the corresponding audio frequency histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes on-screen text tests, which are configured to: Detect the threshold difference of displayed text between adjacent lenses corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a facial scan test, which is configured to: Detect the threshold difference of faces identified between adjacent lenses corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes machine learning-based tests, which are configured to: One or more shots corresponding to the shot boundary are provided as input to a machine learning model, which is configured to output a score indicating that the shot boundary corresponds to the breakpoint based on the input of the one or more shots.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The lens boundary is determined based on pairwise frame pHash thresholding, which can be adjusted by the system administrator to limit at least one of false positives or false negatives.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The background audio is generated by the following operations: extracting speech audio from the source audio, inverting the waveform of the extracted speech audio, and combining the inverted waveform with the source audio.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The background audio is generated by removing the audio mixed into the central audio channel from the source audio.

13. An apparatus comprising: processor, and The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: Access the video; Determine multiple shot boundaries for the video, each shot boundary defining a shot corresponding to a continuous series of video frames without editing or transitions; as well as For each of the plurality of lens boundaries, A set of breakpoint tests is performed on the shot boundary, each breakpoint test being configured to return a corresponding score indicating whether the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint used for potentially inserting advertisements during playback of the video. The combined score of the lens boundary is calculated based on each of the corresponding scores, and If the combined score meets the threshold, the lens boundary is set as the breakpoint. The set of breakpoint tests includes a background audio test, which is configured as follows: Grouping the one or more adjacent shots based on background audio with speech removed, shared by one or more adjacent shots in the video; and The score is returned based on the grouping, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

14. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a video fade-out test, which is configured to: Detecting video fade-out between adjacent shots corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

15. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes an audio fade-out test, which is configured to: Detecting audio fade-out between adjacent shots corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

16. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a transcription text gap test, which is configured to: Based on the timestamps of the transcribed text of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundaries, pauses in speech between adjacent shots are detected; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

17. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes a color histogram test, which is configured to: The threshold difference in color content between adjacent shots is detected based on the corresponding color histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

18. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes an audio frequency histogram test, which is configured to: The threshold difference of audio content between adjacent shots is detected based on the corresponding audio frequency histograms of adjacent shots corresponding to the shot boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

19. The device according to claim 13, wherein, The set of breakpoint tests includes on-screen text tests, which are configured to: Detect the threshold difference of displayed text between adjacent lenses corresponding to the lens boundary; and The score is returned based on the detection, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to: Access the video; Determine multiple shot boundaries for the video, each shot boundary defining a shot corresponding to a consecutive series of video frames without editing or transitions; and For each of the plurality of lens boundaries, A set of breakpoint tests is performed on the shot boundary, each breakpoint test being configured to return a corresponding score indicating whether the shot boundary corresponds to a breakpoint used for potentially inserting advertisements during playback of the video. The combined score of the lens boundary is calculated based on each of the corresponding scores, and If the combined score meets the threshold, the lens boundary is set as the breakpoint. in, The set of breakpoint tests includes a background audio test, which is configured to: Grouping the one or more adjacent shots based on background audio with speech removed, shared by one or more adjacent shots in the video; and The score is returned based on the grouping, indicating that the lens boundary corresponds to the breakpoint.

Images