Formwork trolley and construction method for cast-in-place cover slab of tunnel central drainage ditch

Abstract

This invention provides a formwork trolley and construction method for cast-in-place cover slabs in tunnel central drainage ditches. It includes two traveling trolleys, each with a panel supported by multiple hydraulic jacks on its upper part. The two panels are connected to form a cast-in-place foundation. A support frame and an operating platform are located on one side of each panel, both fixed to the traveling trolleys. A winch is mounted on the support frame, and a hydraulic cylinder and electrical control box are mounted on the operating platform. Multiple wheels are located on the lower part of the traveling trolleys. This invention features an ingenious structure, significantly improving construction efficiency, saving time and labor costs, and reducing safety and quality risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, and in particular to a formwork trolley and construction method for cast-in-place cover slabs of tunnel central drainage ditches. Background Technology

[0002] There are two methods for constructing tunnel center drainage ditch covers: prefabrication and cast-in-place. Prefabrication typically involves single-piece prefabrication, with each piece generally less than 1 meter long and weighing over 400 catties. This method is relatively heavy and requires steps such as formwork removal, loading, unloading, and installation, resulting in low construction efficiency. Furthermore, it necessitates the construction of a small prefabrication yard, leading to high overall costs. Additionally, the finished covers are prone to damage during transportation and installation. Cast-in-place methods generally involve either erecting scaffolding or using standard custom-made steel formwork. However, scaffolding offers limited operating space, makes formwork installation and dismantling difficult, hinders formwork reuse, and results in a large total investment, low efficiency, and high costs.

[0003] While using standard custom steel formwork solves some problems associated with scaffolding erection, it doesn't fundamentally address the shortcomings of central drainage ditch cover construction. These include limited single-cast length, easy collision between the formwork and the ditch body, lack of automatic lifting and traction systems, and inconvenient operation. Both prefabrication and traditional cast-in-place methods have significant limitations, failing to achieve the advantages of convenient operation, high efficiency, and low cost. Chinese patent document CN 215595601 U describes a formwork trolley for cast-in-place covers of tunnel central drainage ditches; however, this trolley is not well-suited to the ditch's orientation, resulting in limited casting length and low construction efficiency. Chinese patent documents CN215718818 U and CN 216130312 U also suffer from the same problems and have inherent defects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new construction methods for tunnel central drainage ditch covers to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a formwork trolley and construction method for cast-in-place cover slabs in the center of a tunnel, which solves the drawbacks of traditional cast-in-place methods for tunnel center drainage ditch cover slabs, such as small working area, difficulty in installing and dismantling formwork, and large amount of formwork required. It also solves the problems of multiple construction procedures, easy damage, many safety hazards, and high overall cost associated with the prefabrication method for cover slabs.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of tunnel center drainage ditch, including two traveling trolleys. The upper part of the traveling trolleys is supported by multiple hydraulic jacks with a panel. The two panels are connected to form a cast-in-place foundation. A support frame and an operating platform are provided on one side of the panel. The support frame and the operating platform are respectively fixed on the traveling trolleys. A winch is provided on the support frame. A hydraulic cylinder and a power distribution box are provided on the operating platform. Multiple traveling wheels are provided on the lower part of the traveling trolleys.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, two traveling trolleys are arranged opposite each other. Each traveling trolley includes two parallel longitudinal beams connected by multiple crossbeams, and hydraulic jacks are evenly distributed on the longitudinal beams.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, a first through hole is provided on the outer side of the longitudinal beam, and a limiting unit is provided inside the first through hole. The limiting unit includes a roller, which is rotatably mounted on the limiting plate. A straight rod is provided on the outer side of the limiting plate, which passes through the first through hole. A first spring is sleeved on the straight rod, and the straight rod is fixed to the longitudinal beam by a nut.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a base plate is fixed to one side of the two traveling trolleys that are close to each other. Two first hinge seats are arranged parallel to each other on the base plate. A second hinge seat is arranged between the two first hinge seats. The two first hinge seats are connected by a telescopic rod. The two second hinge seats are connected by a follower seat. A balancing component is provided on the lower side of the follower seat. A balancing block is provided on both sides of the balancing component. A second spring is fixed on both sides of the balancing block. The outer side of the second spring is fixed to the end of the traveling trolley. A sealing unit is supported on the follower seat. A flexible belt is also provided. The two sides of the flexible belt are fixed to the bottom of the two panels respectively. The sealing unit is used to lift the flexible belt to form a sealing structure.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, a fixing plate is fixed on both sides of the telescopic rod, the fixing plate is hinged to the first hinge seat, a connecting plate is hinged to both sides of the follower seat, and the second hinge seat passes through the connecting plate.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed plate is provided with a third through hole, the first hinge seat is provided in the third through hole, the connecting plate is provided with a fourth through hole and an oblong hole, the follower seat includes a load-bearing plate, the load-bearing plate is provided with symmetrical grooves, the third hinge seat is provided in the groove, the third hinge seat is provided in the fourth through hole, and the second hinge seat is provided in the oblong hole.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the follower seat is provided with an extended rib plate, and a second through hole is provided through the extended rib plate. The balancing assembly includes a balance bar, which passes through the second through hole. The balance bar is fixed by a nut and the extended rib plate. A balance block is connected to the balance bar. The balance block is provided with a threaded hole. The balance bar and the threaded hole are threadedly connected. A mounting ring plate is symmetrically provided on the outer side of the balance block. A second spring is fixed in the mounting ring plate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the sealing unit is connected to a rotating frame and a follower seat. The rotating frame includes a turntable, which is disposed within a first support seat. A top plate is provided on the turntable, and multiple second support seats are provided on the top plate from left to right. Multiple sealing units are disposed within the second support seats, and a pressure plate is provided on the sealing unit. Multiple top columns are provided on the pressure plate, and the number of top columns gradually increases along the second support seat from left to right.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the sealing unit includes a lifting seat, which is fixed inside a second support seat. A pressure plate is fixed on the lifting seat, and the pressure plate has multiple mounting holes. A top column is located inside the mounting holes, and a third spring is provided at the bottom of the top column. A ball head is provided at the top of the top column. The top column is used to lift the flexible strip. The flexible strip is fixed to the lower part of the panel by locking pins. The panel also has a transition surface.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a construction method for a formwork trolley includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Complete the manufacturing, installation, and debugging of the mobile trolley;

[0016] S2. Use a winch to pull the traveling trolley to the designated position;

[0017] S3. Adjust the two moving trolleys according to the direction of the drainage ditch;

[0018] S4. Use hydraulic jacks to lift the panel on the traveling trolley to the same level as the trench body;

[0019] S5. Use the sealing unit to lift the flexible belt to form a sealing structure;

[0020] S6. Seal the gaps between the panel and the trench;

[0021] S7. Reinforcing bar binding and end fixing;

[0022] S8. Concrete pouring and curing of cover plate;

[0023] S9. Remove the template and lower the hydraulic jack to remove the panel from the bottom of the cover plate, and repeat S2~S9 for the cycle.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1) The level of automation is high. Personnel can move, lift and unload the formwork by operating the equipment. The high level of automation results in high construction efficiency.

[0026] 2) A winch traction system is used to pull a template shaping trolley about 13m long at a time. The trolley can pour a cover plate of up to 12m in length at a time, which is the same as the length of the tunnel secondary lining trolley. The rollers can reach the position of the cover plate to be poured for the designated pile.

[0027] 3) The hydraulic jacking system and the limit support system are used together to facilitate the installation and removal of the steel formwork panel, which solves the problem of removing the formwork from the support of the cast-in-place cover plate at the bottom of the central water ditch;

[0028] 4) The equipment and materials used for the entire template frame are readily available on the market, making manufacturing convenient;

[0029] 5) Limiting pulleys are used to effectively prevent the trolley frame from colliding with the concrete of the trench, thereby reducing damage to the concrete;

[0030] 6) The template is invested in at once, which greatly saves the construction cost of the central drainage ditch. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, state one;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, state two;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, state three;

[0035] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Front view diagram;

[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic top view of

[0037] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A left-view diagram;

[0038] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure, state one;

[0039] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure, state two;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention adapted to the curvature bend of the drainage ditch during casting;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention adapted for straight casting of drainage ditches;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention adapted for straight casting of drainage ditches;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the walking trolley of the present invention, state one;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the walking trolley of the present invention, state two;

[0045] Figure 14 yes Figure 11 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating frame mounting sealing unit structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the sealing unit;

[0048] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the follower seat mounting balance assembly of the present invention, state one;

[0049] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the follower seat mounting balance assembly of the present invention, state two;

[0050] Figure 19 yes Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the central balancing component.

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Traveling trolley; 101. Longitudinal beam; 102. Crossbeam; 103. Base plate; 104. First hinge seat; 105. Second hinge seat; 106. First through hole; 2. Hydraulic jack; 3. Panel; 301. Locking pin; 302. Transition surface; 4. Support frame; 5. Winch; 6. Operating platform; 7. Hydraulic cylinder; 8. Electrical distribution box; 9. Traveling wheel; 10. Frame; 11. Limiting unit; 1101. Roller; 1102. Straight rod; 1103. Limiting plate; 1104. First spring; 12. Follower seat; 1201. Load-bearing plate; 1202. First support seat; 1203. Groove; 1204. Third hinge seat; 1205. Extended rib plate; 1205. Second through hole. 1206; Balance assembly 13; Balance bar 1301; Balance block 1302; Threaded hole 1303; Mounting ring plate 1304; Second spring 1305; Telescopic rod 14; Flexible belt 15; Rotating frame 16; Turntable 1601; Top plate 1602; Second support seat 1603; Sealing unit 17; Lifting seat 1701; Pressure plate 1702; Mounting hole 1703; Top column 1704; Third spring 1705; Ball head 1706; Fixing plate 18; Third through hole 1801; Connecting plate 19; Fourth through hole 1901; Oval hole 1902; Nut 20; Transmitter 21; Receiver 22. Detailed Implementation

[0052] like Figure 1-2A formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs in a tunnel center drainage ditch includes two traveling trolleys 1. Each traveling trolley 1 has a panel 3 supported on its upper part by multiple hydraulic jacks 2. The two panels 3 are connected to form a cast-in-place foundation. A support frame 4 and an operating platform 6 are provided on one side of each panel 3. The support frame 4 and the operating platform 6 are respectively fixed to the traveling trolley 1. A winch 5 is mounted on the support frame 4, and a hydraulic cylinder 7 and a power distribution box 8 are mounted on the operating platform 6. Multiple traveling wheels 9 are provided at the lower part of the traveling trolley 1. A detachable frame 10 is provided at the lower part of each panel 3. This structure allows the traveling trolley 1 to move under the drive of the winch 5. The traveling wheels 9 fit snugly against the bottom of the drainage ditch, ensuring stable movement. Operators can directly lift and lower the panels 3 via the operating platform 6, thus ensuring ease of use.

[0053] In the preferred embodiment, two traveling trolleys 1 are arranged opposite each other. Each traveling trolley 1 includes two parallel longitudinal beams 101, which are connected by multiple crossbeams 102. Hydraulic jacks 2 are evenly distributed on the longitudinal beams 101. This structure ensures overall structural stability, strong load-bearing capacity, and convenient installation and adjustment of the hydraulic jacks 2. The hydraulic jacks 2 are connected to oil cylinders 7 via pipelines, which are fixed to the crossbeams 102, resulting in a simple and aesthetically pleasing design while preventing damage to the pipelines from external interference.

[0054] like Figure 12-14 In the preferred embodiment, the longitudinal beam 101 has a first through hole 106 on its outer side, and a limiting unit 11 passes through the first through hole 106. The limiting unit 11 includes a roller 1101, which is rotatably mounted on a limiting plate 1103. A straight rod 1102 is provided on the outer side of the limiting plate 1103, and the straight rod 1102 passes through the first through hole 106. A first spring 1104 is sleeved on the straight rod 1102, and the straight rod 1102 is fixed to the longitudinal beam 101 by a nut 20. This structure allows the roller 1101 to fit snugly against the side wall of the ditch, preventing damage to the poured drainage ditch during the movement of the trolley 1. At the same time, the first spring 1104 can adapt to changes in the center line of the drainage ditch, ensuring a tight fit of the roller 1101 while also retaining buffer space, resulting in better overall pouring quality.

[0055] like Figure 3-11In the preferred embodiment, a base plate 103 is fixed on one side of the two traveling trolleys 1 that are close to each other. Two first hinge seats 104 are arranged parallel to each other on the base plate 103. A second hinge seat 105 is arranged between the two first hinge seats 104. The two first hinge seats 104 are connected by a telescopic rod 14. The two second hinge seats 105 are connected by a follower seat 12. A balance component 13 is provided on the lower side of the follower seat 12. Balance blocks 1302 are provided on both sides of the balance component 13. Second springs 1305 are fixed on both sides of the balance blocks 1302. The outer side of the second springs 1305 is fixed to the end of the traveling trolley 1. A sealing unit 17 is supported on the follower seat 12. A flexible belt 15 is also provided. The two sides of the flexible belt 15 are fixed to the bottom of the two panels 3 respectively. The sealing unit 17 is used to lift the flexible belt 15 to form a sealing structure. A transmitter 21 and a receiver 22 are respectively installed on one side of the two longitudinal beams 101. A light intensity sensor is installed on the transmitter 21, and a rotary motor (not shown in the figure) is installed at the bottom of the receiver 22. The rotary motor is fixed on the longitudinal beam 101, and the initialization and debugging of the rotary motor are completed. During the initial installation, the two traveling carriages 1 are aligned and fitted together, the emission direction of the transmitter 21 is parallel to the longitudinal beam 101, and the reflective surface of the receiver 22 is perpendicular to the longitudinal beam 101, thus ensuring stable reception. The light intensity sensor on the transmitter 21 receives the optical fiber reflected back from the receiver 22, at which time the light intensity is strongest. As the angle between the transmitter 21 and the receiver 22 changes, the light intensity detected by the light intensity sensor gradually decreases as the included angle α increases. When the traveling carriage 1 at the bottom of the receiver 22 rotates and locks, the rotary motor at the bottom of the receiver 22 rotates until the receiver 22 is adjusted to be parallel to the transmitter 21. At this time, the light intensity reaches the initial measured value. During this process, the rotary motor acquires the received light intensity. The rotation angle of receiver 22 relative to transmitter 21 can be calculated by rotating the motor to determine the angle α between transmitter 21 and receiver 22, thus serving as a reference for subsequent steps. This structure ensures that the balancing component 13 maintains a relatively centered position as the angle α between the two traveling trolleys 1 changes, thereby ensuring that the sealing unit 17 is directly opposite the gap between the two panels 3. The first hinge seat 104 and the second hinge seat 105 cooperate with each other to ensure that the center circumference of the two traveling trolleys 1 matches the direction of the drainage ditch. The two second springs 1305 on the side with the larger opening are stretched, and the two second springs 1305 on the side with the smaller opening are compressed. The four second springs 1305 cooperate with each other to ensure the accurate position of the follower seat 12. The flexible strip 15 is provided with a sealing coating. The flexible strip 15 has a certain tensile toughness and can fit against the gap and end face of the panel 3 under the lifting of the sealing unit 17, thereby forming an integral sealing base with the two panels 3, ensuring the stability and convenience of panel casting.

[0056] In the preferred embodiment, fixed plates 18 are fixed to both sides of the telescopic rod 14, and the fixed plates 18 are hinged to the first hinge seat 104. Connecting plates 19 are hinged to both sides of the follower seat 12, and the second hinge seat 105 passes through the connecting plate 19. This structure allows the direction of the traveling trolley 1 to be adjusted via the telescopic rod 14, making it convenient and efficient to use.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed plate 18 has a third through hole 1801, and the first hinge seat 104 passes through the third through hole 1801. The connecting plate 19 has a fourth through hole 1901 and an oblong hole 1902. The follower seat 12 includes a load-bearing plate 1201, on which symmetrical grooves 1203 are provided. The third hinge seat 1204 is provided in the grooves 1203 and passes through the fourth through hole 1901. The second hinge seat 105 passes through the oblong hole 1902. This structure allows the follower seat 12 to change its position according to the traction state of the traveling trolley 1, ensuring that its angle follows the movement and providing an accurate support foundation for the sealing unit 17.

[0058] like Figure 17-19 In the preferred embodiment, the follower seat 12 has an extended rib plate 1205 at its bottom, and a second through hole 1206 is provided through the extended rib plate 1205. The balance assembly 13 includes a balance rod 1301, which passes through the second through hole 1206. The balance rod 1301 is fixed to the extended rib plate 1205 by a nut 20. A balance block 1302 is connected to the balance rod 1301. The balance block 1302 has a threaded hole 1303. The balance rod 1301 and the threaded hole 1303 are threadedly connected. A mounting ring plate 1304 is symmetrically provided on the outer side of the balance block 1302. The second spring 1305 is fixed in the mounting ring plate 1304. This structure allows the balance bar 1301 to follow and drive the follower seat 12 to turn from the bottom, while the overall structure is relatively stable. The base plate 103 provides a supporting foundation for the follower seat 12, the balance block 1302 is easy to install and remove, and the mounting ring plate 1304 provides locking support for the second spring 1305, avoiding the phenomenon of low accuracy when the second spring 1305 is misaligned. At the same time, the extended rib plate 1205 lowers the center of gravity of the follower seat 12, making the overall state more stable when moving.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the sealing unit 17 is connected to the rotating frame 16 and the follower seat 12. The rotating frame 16 includes a turntable 1601, which is disposed within the first support seat 1202. The turntable 1601 is provided with a top plate 1602, and multiple second support seats 1603 are provided on the top plate 1602 from left to right. Multiple sealing units 17 are disposed within the second support seats 1603, and the sealing unit 17 is provided with a pressure plate 1702. Multiple top posts 1704 are provided on the pressure plate 1702, and the number of top posts 1704 gradually increases from left to right along the second support seat 1603. This structure allows for adjustment based on the direction of the traveling trolley 1. Due to the different dimensions of the pressure plate 1702, in order to ensure a stable sealing effect, since the transmitter 21 and receiver 22 have already completed the angle α calculation, the operating platform adjusts the angle of the turntable 1601 accordingly after receiving the angle α, thereby rotating the pressure plate 1702 to directly below the gap of the panel 3, ensuring that the flexible strip 15 can cooperate well with the panel 3 to complete the seal, resulting in high precision and convenient operation.

[0060] like Figure 15-16 In the preferred embodiment, the sealing unit 17 includes a lifting seat 1701, which is fixed inside the second support seat 1603. A pressure plate 1702 is fixed on the lifting seat 1701. The pressure plate 1702 is provided with multiple mounting holes 1703. A top column 1704 is located inside the mounting holes 1703. A third spring 1705 is provided at the bottom of the top column 1704. A ball head 1706 is provided at the top of the top column 1704. The top column 1704 is used to lift the flexible belt 15. The flexible belt 15 is fixed to the lower part of the panel 3 by a locking pin 301. The panel 3 is also provided with a transition surface 302. This structure allows the ball head 1706 to effectively lift the flexible strip 15 without damaging its surface. Because the bottom of the top column 1704 is equipped with a third spring 1705, the top column 1704 located within the gap between the two panels 3 can stably lift the flexible strip 15. The top column 1704 outside the gap can press the flexible strip 15 against the surface of the panel 3. The transition surface 302 enhances the sealing effect and ensures that the top column 1704 has a gradual, buffered lifting process along the transition surface 302, thus guaranteeing the subsequent pouring quality.

[0061] The preferred solution includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Complete the manufacturing, installation, and debugging of the walking trolley 1;

[0063] S2. The traveling trolley 1 is pulled to the designated position by the winch 5;

[0064] S3. Adjust the two traveling trolleys 1 according to the direction of the drainage ditch; when the drainage ditch needs to turn, first adjust the length of the telescopic rod 14 to complete the turning of the two traveling trolleys 1, then rotate the rotating frame 16 to adjust the sealing unit 17 to the appropriate position, and finally lift and seal the flexible belt 15.

[0065] S4. Use hydraulic jack 2 to lift the panel 3 on the traveling trolley 1 to the same level as the trench body elevation;

[0066] S5. Use the sealing unit 17 to lift the flexible belt 15 to form a sealing structure;

[0067] S6, seal the gaps between panel 3 and the trench body;

[0068] S7. Reinforcing bar binding and end fixing;

[0069] S8. Concrete pouring and curing of cover plate;

[0070] S9. Remove the template and lower the hydraulic jack 2 to remove the panel 3 from the bottom of the cover plate, and repeat S2~S9 for the cycle.

[0071] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of a tunnel center drainage ditch, characterized in that: It includes two traveling trolleys (1), the upper part of the traveling trolleys (1) is supported by multiple hydraulic jacks (2) with a panel (3), the two panels (3) are connected to form a cast-in-place foundation, a support frame (4) and an operating platform (6) are provided on one side of the panel (3), the support frame (4) and the operating platform (6) are respectively fixed on the traveling trolleys (1), a winch (5) is provided on the support frame (4), a hydraulic cylinder (7) and a power distribution box (8) are provided on the operating platform (6), and multiple traveling wheels (9) are provided on the lower part of the traveling trolleys (1). A base plate (103) is fixed on one side of the two traveling trolleys (1). Two first hinge seats (104) are arranged in parallel on the base plate (103). A second hinge seat (105) is arranged between the two first hinge seats (104). The two first hinge seats (104) are connected by a telescopic rod (14). The two second hinge seats (105) are connected by a follower seat (12). A balance component (13) is provided on the lower side of the follower seat (12). Balance blocks (1302) are provided on both sides of the balance component (13). Second springs (1305) are fixed on both sides of the balance blocks (1302). The outer side of the second springs (1305) is fixed to the end of the traveling trolley (1). A sealing unit (17) is supported on the follower seat (12). A flexible belt (15) is also provided. The two sides of the flexible belt (15) are fixed to the bottom of the two panels (3). The sealing unit (17) is used to lift the flexible belt (15) to form a sealing structure.

2. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of a tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two traveling trolleys (1) are arranged opposite each other. The traveling trolley (1) includes two parallel longitudinal beams (101). The two longitudinal beams (101) are connected by multiple cross beams (102). The hydraulic jacks (2) are evenly arranged on the longitudinal beams (101).

3. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slab of tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal beam (101) has a first through hole (106) on the outside. A limiting unit (11) is installed inside the first through hole (106). The limiting unit (11) includes a roller (1101). The roller (1101) is rotatably mounted on the limiting plate (1103). A straight rod (1102) is installed on the outside of the limiting plate (1103). The straight rod (1102) is installed inside the first through hole (106). A first spring (1104) is sleeved on the straight rod (1102). The straight rod (1102) is fixed to the longitudinal beam (101) by a nut (20).

4. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of a tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixed plates (18) are fixed on both sides of the telescopic rod (14). The fixed plates (18) are hinged to the first hinge seat (104). Connecting plates (19) are hinged on both sides of the follower seat (12). The second hinge seat (105) passes through the connecting plate (19).

5. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slab of tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed plate (18) is provided with a third through hole (1801), and the first hinge seat (104) is provided in the third through hole (1801). The connecting plate (19) is provided with a fourth through hole (1901) and an oblong hole (1902). The follower seat (12) includes a load-bearing plate (1201). The load-bearing plate (1201) is provided with symmetrical grooves (1203). The third hinge seat (1204) is provided in the groove (1203). The third hinge seat (1204) is provided in the fourth through hole (1901). The second hinge seat (105) is provided in the oblong hole (1902).

6. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slab of tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The follower seat (12) has an extended rib plate (1205) at the bottom. A second through hole (1206) is provided in the extended rib plate (1205). The balance assembly (13) includes a balance bar (1301). The balance bar (1301) passes through the second through hole (1206). The balance bar (1301) is fixed to the extended rib plate (1205) by a nut (20). A balance block (1302) is connected to the balance bar (1301). The balance block (1302) has a threaded hole (1303). The balance bar (1301) and the threaded hole (1303) are threaded together. A mounting ring plate (1304) is symmetrically provided on the outside of the balance block (1302). A second spring (1305) is fixed in the mounting ring plate (1304).

7. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of a tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing unit (17) is connected to the rotating frame (16) and the follower seat (12) through the rotating frame (16). The rotating frame (16) includes a turntable (1601), which is located in the first support seat (1202). The turntable (1601) is provided with a top plate (1602), and multiple second support seats (1603) are provided on the top plate (1602) from left to right. Multiple sealing units (17) are located in the second support seats (1603), and a pressure plate (1702) is provided on the sealing unit (17). Multiple top posts (1704) are provided on the pressure plate (1702), and the number of top posts (1704) gradually increases from left to right along the second support seat (1603).

8. The formwork trolley for cast-in-place cover slabs of a tunnel center drainage ditch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing unit (17) includes a lifting seat (1701), which is fixed inside the second support seat (1603). The pressure plate (1702) is fixed on the lifting seat (1701). The pressure plate (1702) is provided with multiple mounting holes (1703). The top column (1704) is located inside the mounting holes (1703). The bottom of the top column (1704) is provided with a third spring (1705). The top column (1704) is provided with a ball head (1706) at the top. The top column (1704) is used to lift the flexible belt (15). The flexible belt (15) is fixed to the lower part of the panel (3) by a locking pin (301). The panel (3) is also provided with a transition surface (302).

9. The construction method of the formwork trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Complete the fabrication, installation and debugging of the walking trolley (1); S2. The traveling trolley (1) is pulled to the designated position by the winch (5); S3. Adjust the two walking carts (1) according to the direction of the drainage ditch; S4. Use hydraulic jack (2) to lift the panel (3) on the traveling trolley (1) to the same level as the trench body elevation; S5. The flexible strip (15) is lifted using the sealing unit (17) to form a sealing structure; S6. Seal the gaps between the panel (3) and the trench body; S7. Reinforcing bar binding and end fixing; S8. Concrete pouring and curing of cover plate; S9. Remove the template and lower the hydraulic jack (2) to remove the panel (3) from the bottom of the cover plate, and repeat S2~S9 for the cycle.

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