A multi-layer liftable conical positive and reverse drilling equipment and construction method

Abstract

A multi-layer liftable conical positive and reverse drilling equipment and construction method, the equipment: the top layer bearing table is composed of a bearing disc A and three bearing plates A, a reverse drilling joint threaded hole is formed at the axial center of the bearing disc A; the upper end surface of each bearing plate A is assembled with a drill bit through a support base; the middle layer bearing table is connected below the top layer bearing table through a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, and is composed of a bearing disc B and three bearing plates B, the upper end surface of each bearing plate B is assembled with a drill bit through a support base; the bottom layer bearing table is connected below the middle layer bearing table through a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, and a positive drilling joint threaded hole is formed at the axial center of the lower part; six bottom layer support bases are uniformly assembled on the bottom layer bearing table in a ring shape, and a drill bit is assembled in each bottom layer support base. The method: according to the drilling object, a positive or reverse drilling mode is adopted, and the distance between two adjacent bearing tables is controlled according to the actual working condition. The equipment and method can meet the drilling requirements of various rock layers with different hardness.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of mine stratum drilling, and particularly relates to a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of the development of underground engineering to a deeper place, the requirement for mechanical rock breaking is higher and higher. At present, in the construction process of stratum drilling, different strength rock strata are often encountered, and different types of drilling equipment are often required for drilling of different strength rock strata. In addition, different types of drilling equipment are also required for forward drilling and reverse drilling of rock strata. Therefore, in the actual construction process, the type of drilling equipment and the type of drill bit often need to be frequently replaced, which requires a lot of time, and thus seriously affects the efficiency of drilling construction. At the same time, the replacement process of drilling equipment and drill bit also brings a large working strength to the construction personnel.

[0003] Nowadays, underground engineering projects are increasing, the demand for mechanical rock breaking is increasingly urgent, and the strength of underground rock strata is unevenly distributed, and the required drilling equipment is also different. Therefore, a convenient multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment suitable for different rock strata is urgently needed. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and a construction method. The equipment has multiple functions, strong mining capacity, good flexibility, wide applicability, can adapt to the drilling needs of various different hardness rock strata, can greatly improve the construction efficiency of drilling work, can meet the needs of mine mining and stratum drilling, and can also meet the needs of the expansion of the size of the shaft in underground engineering. The method has strong practicality, good flexibility, high automation, strong rock breaking effect, high drilling efficiency, good economic benefit, can ensure the smooth progress of the whole drilling work, can significantly improve the construction efficiency, can greatly reduce the labor load of the operator, and has a broad application prospect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, which comprises a top layer bearing table, a middle layer bearing table, a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, a bottom layer bearing table and a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder.

[0006] The top-level support platform consists of a support disk A located in the central area and three support plates A that are uniformly fixed to the outer ring surface of the support disk A in the circumferential direction. A reverse drilling joint threaded hole is opened at the axial center of the upper part of the support disk A, and an installation hole A is opened at the axial center of the lower part of the support disk A. The lower ends of the reverse drilling joint threaded holes at the upper end of the installation holes A are not connected to each other. Support bases are fixedly connected to the upper end surfaces of the three support plates A, and the distances from the three support bases to the center of the reverse drilling joint threaded holes decrease sequentially. Each support base extends radially in the length direction and has a drill bit receiving groove extending in the length direction inside. A rotatable drill bit is assembled in each drill bit receiving groove. The size of the head end of the drill bit is smaller than the size of its tail end, and the head end faces outward and the tail end faces inward.

[0007] The middle-layer support platform consists of a support disk B located in the central area and three support plates B uniformly fixed to the outer ring surface of the support disk B in a circumferential direction. The middle-layer support platform is coaxially arranged below the top-layer support platform, and the three support plates B and three support plates A are staggered and interspersed. The size of the support disk B is larger than that of the top-layer support platform, and a top-layer support platform retraction groove is opened on its upper part at the position corresponding to the top-layer support platform. A mounting hole B is opened at the axial center of its upper part, and a mounting hole C is opened at the axial center of its lower part. The upper end of the mounting hole C is not connected to the lower end of the mounting hole B. The support base is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the three support plates B at the same position away from the mounting hole B, and each support base is equipped with the drill bit, with the head end facing outward and the tail end facing inward.

[0008] The cylinder height of the top-level lifting hydraulic cylinder is adapted to the depth of the mounting hole B and is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole B. The top end of its piston rod is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole A at the bottom of the top-level support platform.

[0009] The bottom layer bearing platform is disc-shaped, and its size is larger than that of the middle layer bearing platform. The bottom layer bearing platform is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing platform, and a middle layer bearing platform retraction groove is formed in the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform at a position corresponding to the middle layer bearing platform. An installation hole D is formed in the axial center of the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform, and a forward drilling adapter threaded hole is formed in the axial center of the lower part of the bottom layer bearing platform. The upper end of the forward drilling adapter threaded hole and the lower end of the installation hole D are not in communication with each other. Six bottom layer support bases are uniformly arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform in the area outside the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove. The bottom layer support base is a U-shaped frame arranged in an inclined manner, which is composed of a V-shaped seat body at the bottom, an outer support rod at the outer side, and an inner support rod at the inner side. The outer side arm of the V-shaped seat body is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform in an inclined manner. The outer support rod and the inner support rod are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the two are fixedly connected to the end portions of the two side arms of the V-shaped seat body, respectively. The drill bit is rotatably arranged in the inside of each bottom layer support base at the upper end, and the drilling direction of the drill bits on the adjacent two bottom layer support bases is opposite.

[0010] The cylinder height of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is matched with the depth of the installation hole D, and the cylinder is fixedly inserted into the installation hole D. The top end of the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is fixedly inserted into the installation hole C in the lower part of the middle layer bearing platform.

[0011] Further, the drill bit is composed of a drill bit rotating shaft, a drill bit main body, a drill bit fixed base, and a drill bit fixed joint. The size of the front end of the drill bit main body is smaller than the size of the tail end, and the overall size of the drill bit main body smoothly transitions from the front end to the tail end. A plurality of cutter rings are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit main body from the front end to the tail end. A plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on each cutter ring, and a chip removal groove is formed between the adjacent two cutter rings. An axial through hole is formed in the center of the drill bit main body, and the drill bit main body is rotatably sleeved on the middle part of the drill bit rotating shaft through the axial through hole. Two drill bit fixed bases are arranged on the two sides of the drill bit main body and are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drill bit rotating shaft to prevent the drill bit main body from axially moving on the drill bit rotating shaft. Two drill bit fixed joints are arranged on the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft, and a fixing bolt for connecting with the support seat is arranged on the drill bit fixed joint. The drill bit is a detachable structure, so when one drill bit is severely worn, it can be directly replaced with a new one, thereby avoiding the replacement of the entire drilling equipment, which is conducive to reducing the drilling cost, improving the service life of the drilling equipment, and improving the economic benefit of the drilling construction. The chip removal groove formed between the adjacent two cutter rings can facilitate the timely removal of the waste chips generated during drilling.

[0012] Further, it further comprises an external connecting rod and a front drilling mechanism, the external connecting rod is composed of a clamping and stabilizing section in the middle and two threaded connecting sections at both ends of the clamping and stabilizing section, the clamping and stabilizing section has an annular limiting groove recessed inwardly, which is used for protecting the threaded connecting sections when the power source device applies a pulling force, the external connecting rod is connected to the forward drilling adapter threaded hole through the threaded connecting section at one end, and the threaded connecting section at the other end is used for connecting the power source device.

[0013] The front drilling mechanism is composed of a front bit supporting base, a front bit and a front bit mounting rod, the upper end of the front bit supporting base is provided with a bit mounting groove, the structure of the front bit is the same as that of the bit, which is assembled in the bit mounting groove through a plurality of fixing bolts, the upper end of the front bit mounting rod is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front bit supporting base, the lower part of the outer side is provided with an external thread structure, and is connected in the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole through thread cooperation. Connecting the external connecting rod to the forward drilling adapter threaded hole can facilitate the connection of the power source device and the drilling equipment, thereby facilitating the forward drilling operation. Through the arrangement of the front drilling mechanism, the efficiency of the initial rock breaking drilling of the drilling equipment can be effectively improved.

[0014] Further, it further comprises an external connecting rod, the external connecting rod is composed of a clamping and stabilizing section in the middle and two threaded connecting sections at both ends of the clamping and stabilizing section, the clamping and stabilizing section has an annular limiting groove recessed inwardly, which is used for protecting the threaded connecting sections when the power source device applies a pulling force, the external connecting rod is connected to the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole through the threaded connecting section at one end, and the threaded connecting section at the other end is used for connecting the power source device. Connecting the external connecting rod to the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole can facilitate the connection of the power source device and the drilling equipment, thereby facilitating the reverse drilling operation.

[0015] Further, in order to effectively improve the rock breaking effect and drilling efficiency, the number of the cutting tooth rings is 6, and 2 rows of cutting teeth are arranged on the first and last cutting tooth rings along the axial direction, and 1 row of cutting teeth is arranged on the middle four cutting tooth rings, the spacing between two adjacent cutting teeth in the same row is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the cutting teeth are arranged in the middle between two adjacent rows.

[0016] Further, in order to effectively break the relatively hard rock and ore layer, the cutting tooth is made of alloy material, the tail end cross section is relatively spliced into two horseshoe shapes, and the head end is a "one" shape gradually tapered to the center line.

[0017] In the present application, the overall equipment is a three-layer structure formed by the top layer bearing platform, the middle layer bearing platform and the bottom layer bearing platform, and the top layer bearing platform and the middle layer bearing platform are connected by the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the middle layer bearing platform and the bottom layer bearing platform are connected by the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, so that the distance between the adjacent two layers of bearing platforms can be adjusted only by controlling the top layer and middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinders, and the adaptive adjustment of the overall height of the drilling equipment can be automatically realized, and finally the drilling requirements of different strength rock layers can be met, and the versatility of the equipment is significantly improved. This structure can adapt to the drilling and rock breaking requirements of different strength rock layers, and is beneficial to ensuring the efficiency of drilling and rock breaking during operation in different strength rock layers. At the same time, the overall height adjustment process does not require manual operation of the operator, which greatly reduces the labor load and labor cost of the operator. The top layer bearing platform retraction groove is arranged on the middle layer bearing platform, and the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove is arranged on the bottom layer bearing platform, which can conveniently retract the top layer bearing platform into the top layer bearing platform retraction groove and the middle layer bearing platform into the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove by controlling the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and then the overall height of the equipment can be minimized. When the overall height is minimized, the three drill bits on the top bearing platform, the three drill bits on the middle bearing platform and the six drill bits on the bottom bearing platform can be arranged in the same plane to grind the rock layer to be operated, thereby effectively improving the rock breaking efficiency. A reverse drilling connector threaded hole is arranged at the axis of the top layer bearing platform, which can conveniently connect the external rod, thereby facilitating the reverse drilling operation. A forward drilling connector threaded hole is arranged at the axis of the bottom layer bearing platform, which can conveniently connect the external rod, thereby facilitating the forward drilling operation. The top layer bearing platform is uniformly distributed with three bearing plates A, and the drill bits installed on the three bearing plates A are arranged with the first ends outward and the tail ends inward, and the distances from the drill bits on the three bearing plates A to the reverse drilling connector threaded hole decrease in turn, so that the three drill bits can uniformly act on the central drilling area during the initial drilling process, thereby facilitating the uniform forward advancement of the drill hole during the operation process. The middle layer bearing platform is distributed with three bearing plates B, and the three drill bits installed on the three bearing plates B are arranged in an interlaced manner with the three drill bits installed on the three bearing plates B, so that the external force can be uniformly applied to the center and the first peripheral area of the drill hole during the drilling process, thereby effectively ensuring the drilling efficiency. The six support bases are arranged on the bottom layer bearing platform in a uniform manner in the circumferential direction, and the support bases are U-shaped frames arranged in an inclined manner, and the adjacent two drill bits are arranged in opposite directions, so that the power of rotary planing can be improved, and the drilling and rock breaking effect is further improved.

[0018] The mining equipment has multiple functions, the distance between the two adjacent bearing tables can be conveniently adjusted, and the adjustment process can be realized by only controlling the action of the hydraulic cylinder, and the adjustment process is very convenient. The equipment can meet the drilling requirements of rock layers with different strengths, has strong drilling capacity, can meet the drilling requirements of various rock layers with different hardness, is flexible to use, can realize forward and reverse bidirectional drilling operation, can change the overall height according to different requirements, has wide applicability, can meet the requirements of mine mining and roadway drilling, can also meet the expansion of the size of the shaft in underground engineering, and can greatly improve the construction efficiency of drilling work.

[0019] The application also provides a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling construction method, comprising a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, and further comprising the following steps.

[0020] When the drilling object is a roadway and a tunnel, a forward drilling mode is adopted, and step one is performed; when drilling is performed for the purpose of expanding the hole diameter and the drilling object has two free surfaces, a reverse drilling mode is adopted, and step two is performed.

[0021] Step one: the forward drilling method is as follows.

[0022] S11: first, the threaded connection section at one end of the outer connecting rod is connected to the threaded hole in the forward drilling connector through threaded cooperation, and then the threaded connection section and the clamping and stabilizing section at the other end of the outer connecting rod are connected with the transmission shaft of the power source device, wherein the threaded connection section is used to ensure stable and reliable connection with the rotating shaft of the power source device, and the clamping and stabilizing section is used to protect the threaded connection section when the power source device applies tension.

[0023] At the same time, the lower part of the front drilling mechanism is installed in the reverse drilling connector threaded hole through threaded cooperation.

[0024] S12: adjusting the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object.

[0025] When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock layer, the high-level drilling state is adjusted. First, the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke one, the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke two, so that the top layer bearing table is lifted upward relative to the middle layer bearing table to a height of the set stroke one, the middle layer bearing table is lifted upward relative to the bottom layer bearing table to a height of the set stroke two, and the drilling equipment is adjusted to a high-level drilling state.

[0026] When the drilling object is a rock layer with general strength, adjust to the middle-level drilling state: first, control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke three through the hydraulic station, the set stroke three is smaller than the set stroke one, control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke four, the set stroke four is smaller than the set stroke two, so as to lift the top layer bearing table upward to the height of the set stroke three relative to the middle layer bearing table, lift the middle layer bearing table upward to the height of the set stroke four relative to the bottom layer bearing table, and adjust the drilling equipment to the middle-level drilling state;

[0027] When the drilling object is a relatively hard rock layer, adjust to the small-level drilling state; first, control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely, control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely, so as to drive the top layer bearing table to shrink into the top layer bearing table retraction groove, drive the middle layer bearing table to shrink into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove, and adjust the drilling equipment to the small-level drilling state;

[0028] S13: start the drilling operation, apply forward thrust to the drilling equipment by the power source device, drive the entire drilling equipment to make a rotary plowing action, in the drilling process, first, the front drilling head on the front drilling mechanism and the three drill bits on the top layer bearing table perform initial rock breaking in the center of the drilling area, and excavate a circular hole with the same diameter as the top layer bearing table, then, when the drill bit on the middle layer bearing table contacts the rock layer, the three drill bits on the middle layer bearing table perform first-stage hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, then, when the drill bit on the bottom layer bearing table contacts the rock layer, the six drill bits on the bottom layer bearing table perform second-stage hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the first-stage hole expansion drilling operation area, and finally complete the drilling operation of the required hole size;

[0029] Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows:

[0030] S21: first, replace an outer connecting rod with a length matching the drilling thickness, and connect the threaded connection section at one end of the outer connecting rod to the reverse drilling connector threaded hole through threaded cooperation; then, connect the outer connecting rod to the transmission shaft of the power source device after passing through the guide hole, in this process, the power source device and the drilling equipment are distributed at both ends of the drilling object, and the two are connected through the outer connecting rod passing through the guide hole;

[0031] S22: adjust the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object;

[0032] When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock formation, adjust to a high-level drilling state; first, through the hydraulic station control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke one, control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke two, to lift the top layer bearing platform upward to the height of the set stroke one relative to the middle layer bearing platform, lift the middle layer bearing platform upward to the height of the set stroke two relative to the bottom layer bearing platform, adjust the drilling equipment to a high-level drilling state;

[0033] When the drilling object is a generally strong rock formation, adjust to a middle-level drilling state: first, through the hydraulic station control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke three, which is less than the set stroke one, control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upward by a set stroke four, which is less than the set stroke two, to lift the top layer bearing platform upward to the height of the set stroke three relative to the middle layer bearing platform, lift the middle layer bearing platform upward to the height of the set stroke four relative to the bottom layer bearing platform, adjust the drilling equipment to a middle-level drilling state;

[0034] When the drilling object is a relatively strong rock formation, adjust to a small-level drilling state; first, through the hydraulic station control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely, control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely, to drive the top layer bearing platform to shrink into the top layer bearing platform retraction groove, drive the middle layer bearing platform to shrink into the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove, adjust the drilling equipment to a small-level drilling state;

[0035] S23: Start the drilling operation, apply forward tension to the drilling equipment through the power source device, drive the entire drilling equipment to make a rotary plowing action, in the drilling process, first, the three drill bits on the top layer bearing platform break the rock in the center of the drilling area to open a circular hole with the same diameter as the top layer bearing platform, then, when the drill bit on the middle layer bearing platform contacts the rock formation, the three drill bits on the middle layer bearing platform perform the first stage of hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, then, when the drill bit on the bottom layer bearing platform contacts the rock formation, the six drill bits on the bottom layer bearing platform perform the second stage of hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the first stage of hole expansion drilling operation area, finally, complete the drilling operation of the required hole size.

[0036] Further, in order to ensure good drilling efficiency for relatively weak rock formations, the set stroke one is 15 cm, and the set stroke two is 12 cm, in order to ensure good drilling efficiency for general rock formations, the set stroke three is 10 cm, and the set stroke four is 7 cm.

[0037] The invention adopts multi-mode and multi-level to break rock, for the drilling object of roadway and tunnel, the forward drilling mode is adopted, when the drilling object has two free surfaces and the drilling is implemented for the purpose of expanding the hole diameter, the reverse drilling mode is adopted. For the working condition requiring forward drilling operation, firstly, the first rock breaking is started by the front drill bit, then the drilling is started by the three drill bits on the top layer bearing table, then the three drill bits distributed on the middle layer bearing table and the six drill bits on the bottom layer bearing table gradually expand the circular hole to complete the drilling operation of the required hole size; for the working condition requiring reverse drilling operation, firstly, the drilling is started by the three drill bits on the top layer bearing table, then the three drill bits on the middle layer bearing table and the six drill bits on the bottom layer bearing table gradually expand the circular hole to finally realize the drilling operation of the required hole size. For the rock layer with weak strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to the large level drilling state, which can effectively speed up the rock breaking speed of the weak rock layer, for the rock layer with general strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to the middle level drilling state, which can effectively speed up the rock breaking speed of the general rock layer, and for the rock layer with high strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to the small level drilling state, which can make the three drill bits on the top bearing table, the three drill bits on the middle bearing table and the six drill bits on the bottom bearing table grind the rock layer to be operated in the same plane, thereby effectively improving the rock breaking efficiency of the hard rock layer.

[0038] The construction process has strong practicability, high rock breaking efficiency, good flexibility, high automation degree, good economic benefit, can effectively reduce the construction strength, and can significantly improve the drilling efficiency, greatly reduces the labor load of the operating personnel, and has broad application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the invention;

[0040] Figure 2 is an assembly schematic view of the top layer bearing table, the middle layer bearing table and the bottom layer bearing table in the invention;

[0041] Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the invention in the low level drilling state;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the drill bit in the invention;

[0044] Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 5 ;

[0045] Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the front drilling mechanism in the invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the underlying support base in this invention;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the external connecting rod in this invention;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a construction process diagram of reverse drilling for well excavation in this invention;

[0049] Figure 11 This is a construction process diagram of forward drilling in rock strata in this invention.

[0050] In the diagram: 1. External rod; 11. Clamping and stabilizing section; 12. Threaded connection section; 2. Drill bit; 3. Cutting teeth; 4. Fixing bolt; 5. Support base; 6. Top layer support platform; 61. Support plate A; 62. Support plate A; 7. Middle layer support platform; 71. Support plate B; 72. Support plate B; 8. Bottom layer support platform; 9. Top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder; 10. Middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder. 13. Forward drilling joint threaded hole; 14. Reverse drilling joint threaded hole; 15. Top layer bearing platform retraction groove; 16. Middle layer bearing platform retraction groove; 17. Bottom layer support base; 171. Outer support rod; 172. Inner support rod; 173. V-shaped seat; 18. Drill bit fixing joint; 19. Drill bit fixing base; 20. Cutting tooth ring; 21. Drill bit rotating shaft; 22. Chip removal groove; 23. Front drill bit; 24. Front drill bit support base; 25. Front drill bit mounting rod; 26. Drill bit body; 27. Pilot hole; 28. Rock strata. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, including a top layer support platform 6, a middle layer support platform 7, a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9, a bottom layer support platform 8, and a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10.

[0053] The top-level support platform 6 consists of a support plate A61 located in the central area and three support plates A62 that are uniformly fixed to the outer ring surface of the support plate A61 in the circumferential direction. A reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 is opened at the axial center of the upper part of the support plate A61, and an installation hole A is opened at the axial center of the lower part of the support plate A. The upper end of the installation hole A and the lower end of the reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 are not connected to each other. A support base 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of each of the three support plates A62, and the distance from the three support bases 5 to the center of the reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 decreases sequentially.

[0054] As a kind of preference, the length direction of each bearing plate A62 extends radially, and is centerline symmetrical shape, the center line of three bearing plates A62 intersects at the center of top bearing platform 6, and the angle between each other is 120 °.

[0055] The length direction of each support base 5 extends radially, and has a drill bit accommodating groove extending in the length direction inside, and a rotatable drill bit 2 is assembled in each drill bit accommodating groove, the size of the leading end of the drill bit 2 is smaller than that of the tail end, and the arrangement is that the leading end is outward and the tail end is inward;

[0056] The middle bearing platform 7 is composed of a bearing disc B71 located in the central area and three bearing plates B72 fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing disc B71 uniformly in the circumference; the middle bearing platform 7 is coaxially arranged below the top bearing platform 6, and the three bearing plates B72 are staggered with the three bearing plates A62.

[0057] As a kind of preference, the length direction of each bearing plate B72 extends radially, and is centerline symmetrical shape, the center line of three bearing plates B72 intersects at the center of middle bearing platform 7, and the angle between each other is 120 °, and the angle between adjacent bearing plate B72 and three bearing plates A62 is 60 °.

[0058] The size of the bearing disc B71 is larger than that of the top bearing platform 6, and a top bearing platform retraction groove 15 is formed in the position corresponding to the top bearing platform 6 on the upper part of the bearing disc B71, an installation hole B is formed at the axial center of the upper part, an installation hole C is formed at the axial center of the lower part, and the upper end of the installation hole C and the lower end of the installation hole B are not communicated with each other; the upper end surface of the three bearing plates B72 is fixedly connected with the support base 5 at the same position away from the installation hole B, and the drill bit 2 is assembled in each support base 5, and the arrangement is that the leading end is outward and the tail end is inward.

[0059] The cylinder height of the top lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 is matched with the depth of the installation hole B, and is fixedly inserted into the installation hole B, and the top end of the piston rod is fixedly inserted into the installation hole A of the lower part of the top bearing platform 6; in this way, it can be ensured that the top bearing platform 6 can be retracted into the top bearing platform retraction groove 15 in the fully retracted state of the top lifting hydraulic cylinder 9.

[0060] The bottom layer bearing platform 8 is disc-shaped, and its size is larger than that of the middle layer bearing platform 7. The bottom layer bearing platform 8 is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing platform 7, and a middle layer bearing platform retraction groove 16 is formed in the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 at the position corresponding to the middle layer bearing platform 7. An installation hole D is formed in the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 at the axial center thereof, and a forward drilling adapter threaded hole 13 is formed in the lower part of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 at the axial center thereof. The upper end of the forward drilling adapter threaded hole 13 and the lower end of the installation hole D are not in communication with each other. Six bottom layer support bases 17 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 outside the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove 16. The angle formed by two adjacent bottom layer support bases 17 and the center of the disc is 60°. The bottom layer support base 17 is a U-shaped frame arranged in an inclined manner, which is composed of a V-shaped seat body 173 located at the bottom, an outer support rod 171 located at the outer side, and an inner support rod 172 located at the inner side. The outer side arm of the V-shaped seat body 173 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 in an inclined manner. The outer support rod 171 and the inner support rod 172 are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the two are fixedly connected to the end portions of the two side arms of the V-shaped seat body 173, respectively. The drill bit 2 is rotatably arranged in the interior of each bottom layer support base 17 at the upper end. The assembly directions of the drill bits 2 on two adjacent bottom layer support bases 17 are opposite, i.e., the leading end of one drill bit 2 faces outward, and the trailing end faces inward. The assembly direction of the adjacent drill bit 2 is that the leading end faces inward, and the trailing end faces outward. In this way, it can be ensured that the cutting teeth 3 at the edge of the bottom layer bearing platform 8 can be more fully in contact with the rock stratum during operation, thereby significantly increasing the rock breaking efficiency.

[0061] The cylinder height of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is adapted to the depth of the installation hole D, and is fixedly inserted into the installation hole D. The top end of the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is fixedly inserted into the installation hole C in the lower part of the middle layer bearing platform 7. In this way, it can be ensured that the middle layer bearing platform 7 can be retracted into the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove 16 when the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is in a fully retracted state.

[0062] The drill bit 2 is composed of a drill bit rotating shaft 21, a drill bit body 26, a drill bit fixing base 19 and a drill bit fixing joint 18; the front end of the drill bit body 26 is smaller in size than the tail end, and the overall size thereof is smoothly transitioned from the front end to the tail end; the outer surface of the drill bit body 26 is sequentially provided with multiple layers of cutting tooth rings 20 from the front end to the tail end; each layer of cutting tooth ring 20 is uniformly provided with a plurality of cutting teeth 3; a chip groove 22 is formed between any two adjacent cutting tooth rings 20; an axial through hole is formed in the center of the drill bit body 26, and the drill bit body 26 is rotatably sleeved on the middle part of the drill bit rotating shaft 21 through the axial through hole; the two drill bit fixing bases 19 are respectively located on the two sides of the drill bit body 26 and are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drill bit rotating shaft 21, so as to prevent the drill bit body 26 from axially moving on the drill bit rotating shaft 21; the two drill bit fixing joints 18 are respectively installed on the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft 21, and the drill bit fixing joint 18 is provided with a fixing bolt 4 for connecting with a support base. The drill bit fixing joint with the fixing bolt is installed on the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft, so that the drill bit has a detachable structure; thus, when a drill bit is seriously worn, a new drill bit can be directly replaced, so that the whole drilling equipment does not need to be replaced, which is beneficial to reducing the drilling cost, prolonging the service life of the drilling equipment and improving the economic benefit of the drilling construction. The chip groove is formed between any two adjacent cutting tooth rings, so that the waste chips generated during the drilling process can be conveniently discharged in time.

[0063] The device further comprises an external connecting rod 1 and a front drilling mechanism; the external connecting rod 1 is composed of a clamping and stabilizing section 11 located in the middle and two threaded connection sections 12 located at the two ends of the clamping and stabilizing section 11; the clamping and stabilizing section 11 has an annular limiting groove recessed inwardly, which is used for protecting the threaded connection section 12 when a pulling force is applied by a power source device; the external connecting rod 1 is connected to a forward drilling joint threaded hole 13 through the threaded connection section 12 at one end thereof, and the threaded connection section 12 at the other end thereof is used for connecting the power source device;

[0064] The front drilling mechanism is composed of a front drill bit support base 24, a front drill bit 23 and a front drill bit mounting rod 25; the upper end of the front drill bit support base 24 is provided with a drill bit mounting groove; the structure of the front drill bit 23 is the same as that of the drill bit 2, which is assembled in the drill bit mounting groove through a plurality of fixing bolts 4; the upper end of the front drill bit mounting rod 25 is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front drill bit support base 24; an external thread structure is arranged on the lower part of the outer side of the front drill bit mounting rod 25, and the front drill bit mounting rod 25 is connected in a threaded fit in a reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14. Connecting the external connecting rod to the forward drilling joint threaded hole can facilitate the connection of the power source device and the drilling equipment, so that the forward drilling operation can be conveniently performed. Through the arrangement of the front drilling mechanism, the efficiency of the initial rock breaking drilling of the drilling equipment can be effectively improved.

[0065] As a kind of preferred, still include outer connecting rod 1, the outer connecting rod 1 is by being located in the middle clamping stabilizing section 11 and the two threaded connecting sections 12 located at the both ends of clamping stabilizing section 11, clamping stabilizing section 11 has annular limiting recess that recesses to inboard side, for protecting threaded connecting section 12 when power source equipment applies pulling force, outer connecting rod 1 is connected in reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 by the threaded connecting section 12 of its one end, and the threaded connecting section 12 of its other end is used to connect power source equipment.Connecting outer connecting rod in reverse drilling joint threaded hole, can facilitate the connection of power source equipment and the present drilling equipment, so as to facilitate reverse drilling operation.

[0066] In order to effectively improve the effect of rock breaking and drilling efficiency, the number of said pick rings 20 is 6, and 2 rows of picks 3 are arranged on the first and last two pick rings 20 along the axial direction, and 1 row of picks 3 is arranged on the middle four pick rings 20, the spacing between two adjacent picks 3 in the same row is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the picks 3 in the adjacent two rows are arranged in the middle with a gap.

[0067] In order to effectively break the relatively hard rock and ore layer, the pick 3 is made of alloy material, the tail end cross section is relatively spliced two horseshoe shapes, and the head end is a "one" shape gradually tapered to the center line.

[0068] In the present application, the overall equipment is a three-layer structure formed by the top layer bearing platform, the middle layer bearing platform and the bottom layer bearing platform, and the top layer bearing platform and the middle layer bearing platform are connected by the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the middle layer bearing platform and the bottom layer bearing platform are connected by the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, so that the distance between the adjacent two layers of bearing platforms can be adjusted only by controlling the top layer and middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinders, and the adaptive adjustment of the overall height of the drilling equipment can be automatically realized, and finally the drilling requirements of different strength rock layers can be met, and the versatility of the equipment is significantly improved. This structure can adapt to the drilling and rock breaking requirements of different strength rock layers, and is beneficial to ensuring the efficiency of drilling and rock breaking during operation in different strength rock layers. At the same time, the overall height adjustment process does not require manual operation of the operator, which greatly reduces the labor load and labor cost of the operator. The top layer bearing platform retraction groove is arranged on the middle layer bearing platform, and the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove is arranged on the bottom layer bearing platform, which can conveniently retract the top layer bearing platform into the top layer bearing platform retraction groove and the middle layer bearing platform into the middle layer bearing platform retraction groove by controlling the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and then the overall height of the equipment can be minimized. When the overall height is minimized, the three drill bits on the top bearing platform, the three drill bits on the middle bearing platform and the six drill bits on the bottom bearing platform can be arranged in the same plane to grind the rock layer to be operated, thereby effectively improving the rock breaking efficiency. A reverse drilling connector threaded hole is arranged at the axis of the top layer bearing platform, which can conveniently connect the external rod, thereby facilitating the reverse drilling operation. A forward drilling connector threaded hole is arranged at the axis of the bottom layer bearing platform, which can conveniently connect the external rod, thereby facilitating the forward drilling operation. The top layer bearing platform is uniformly distributed with three bearing plates A, and the drill bits installed on the three bearing plates A are arranged with the first ends outward and the tail ends inward, and the distances from the drill bits on the three bearing plates A to the reverse drilling connector threaded hole decrease in turn, so that the three drill bits can uniformly act on the central drilling area during the initial drilling process, thereby facilitating the uniform forward advancement of the drill hole during the operation process. The middle layer bearing platform is distributed with three bearing plates B, and the three drill bits installed on the three bearing plates B are arranged in an interlaced manner with the three drill bits installed on the three bearing plates B, so that the external force can be uniformly applied to the center and the first peripheral area of the drill hole during the drilling process, thereby effectively ensuring the drilling efficiency. The six support bases are arranged on the bottom layer bearing platform in a uniform manner in the circumferential direction, and the support bases are U-shaped frames arranged in an inclined manner, and the adjacent two drill bits are arranged in opposite directions, so that the power of rotary planing can be improved, and the drilling and rock breaking effect is further improved.

[0069] The mining equipment has multiple functions, the distance between the two adjacent bearing tables can be conveniently adjusted, and the adjustment process can be realized only by controlling the action of the hydraulic cylinder, and the adjustment process is very convenient. The equipment can meet the drilling requirements of rock layers with different strengths, has strong drilling capacity, can meet the drilling requirements of various rock layers with different hardness, is flexible to use, can realize forward and reverse bidirectional drilling operation, can change the overall height according to different requirements, has wide applicability, can meet the requirements of mine mining and roadway drilling, can also meet the expansion of the size of the shaft in underground engineering, and can greatly improve the construction efficiency of drilling work.

[0070] As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 The application also provides a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling construction method, comprising a multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, and further comprising the following steps:

[0071] When the drilling object is a roadway and a tunnel, a forward drilling mode is adopted, and step one is performed; when drilling is performed for the purpose of expanding the aperture and the drilling object has two free surfaces, such as the development of a shaft, a reverse drilling mode is adopted, and step two is performed;

[0072] Step one: the forward drilling method is as follows:

[0073] S11: first, the threaded connection section 12 at one end of the outer connecting rod 1 is connected to the forward drilling joint threaded hole 13 through threaded cooperation, and then the threaded connection section 12 at the other end of the outer connecting rod 1 and the clamping and stabilizing section 11 are connected with the transmission shaft of the power source device, wherein the threaded connection section 12 is used to ensure stable and reliable connection with the rotating shaft of the power source device, and the clamping and stabilizing section 11 is used to protect the threaded connection section 12 when the power source device applies tension;

[0074] At the same time, the lower part of the front drilling mechanism installation rod 25 of the front drilling head is installed in the reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 through threaded cooperation, so as to speed up the efficiency of initial rock breaking drilling of the drilling equipment;

[0075] S12: adjusting the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object;

[0076] When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock layer 28, the high-level drilling state is adjusted; first, the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke one, the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke two, so as to top up the top layer bearing table 6 to a height of the set stroke one relative to the middle layer bearing table 7, and top up the middle layer bearing table 7 to a height of the set stroke two relative to the bottom layer bearing table 8, and adjust the drilling equipment to a high-level drilling state;

[0077] When the drilling object is a rock layer 28 with general strength, adjust to the middle-level drilling state: first, control the piston rod of the top-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to extend upward by a set stroke three, which is smaller than the set stroke one, control the piston rod of the middle-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to extend upward by a set stroke four, which is smaller than the set stroke two, to lift the top-layer bearing table 6 upward to the height of the set stroke three relative to the middle-layer bearing table 7, lift the middle-layer bearing table 7 upward to the height of the set stroke four relative to the bottom-layer bearing table 8, and adjust the drilling equipment to the middle-level drilling state;

[0078] When the drilling object is a relatively hard rock layer 28, adjust to the small-level drilling state; first, control the piston rod of the top-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to retract completely, control the piston rod of the middle-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to retract completely, to drive the top-layer bearing table 6 to shrink into the top-layer bearing table retraction groove 15, drive the middle-layer bearing table 7 to shrink into the middle-layer bearing table retraction groove 16, and adjust the drilling equipment to the small-level drilling state;

[0079] S13: Start the drilling operation, apply forward thrust to the drilling equipment by the power source device, drive the entire drilling equipment to make a rotary plowing action to speed up the grinding efficiency of the cutting teeth 3 on the rock layer. During the drilling process, first, the front drilling head 23 on the front drilling mechanism and the three drilling heads 2 on the top-layer bearing table 6 perform initial rock breaking in the center of the drilling area to excavate a circular hole with the same diameter as the top-layer bearing table 6. Then, when the drilling heads 2 on the middle-layer bearing table 7 contact the rock layer 28, the three drilling heads 2 on the middle-layer bearing table 7 perform first-stage hole expansion drilling at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area. Then, when the drilling heads 2 on the bottom-layer bearing table 8 contact the rock layer 28, the six drilling heads 2 on the bottom-layer bearing table 8 perform second-stage hole expansion drilling at the periphery of the first-stage hole expansion drilling area, finally completing the drilling operation of the required hole size;

[0080] Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows:

[0081] S21: replace a length-matched outer connecting rod 1, and connect the threaded connection section 12 at one end to the reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 through threaded cooperation; then connect the outer connecting rod 1 to the transmission shaft of the power source device after passing through the guide hole 27. During this process, the power source device and the drilling equipment are distributed at both ends of the drilling object, and are connected through the outer connecting rod 1 passing through the guide hole 27;

[0082] S22: adjust the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object;

[0083] When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock stratum 28, adjust to a high-level drilling state; first, control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to extend upward by a set stroke one and control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to extend upward by a set stroke two, so as to lift the top layer bearing table 6 upward to a height of the set stroke one relative to the middle layer bearing table 7, lift the middle layer bearing table 7 upward to a height of the set stroke two relative to the bottom layer bearing table 8, and adjust the drilling equipment to a high-level drilling state;

[0084] When the drilling object is a generally strong rock stratum 28, adjust to a middle-level drilling state; first, control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to extend upward by a set stroke three, which is smaller than the set stroke one, and control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to extend upward by a set stroke four, which is smaller than the set stroke two, so as to lift the top layer bearing table 6 upward to a height of the set stroke three relative to the middle layer bearing table 7, lift the middle layer bearing table 7 upward to a height of the set stroke four relative to the bottom layer bearing table 8, and adjust the drilling equipment to a middle-level drilling state.

[0085] When the drilling object is a relatively strong rock stratum 28, adjust to a small-level drilling state; first, control the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to retract completely and control the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to retract completely, so as to drive the top layer bearing table 6 to shrink into the top layer bearing table retraction groove 15 and drive the middle layer bearing table 7 to shrink into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove 16, and adjust the drilling equipment to a small-level drilling state.

[0086] S23: Start the drilling operation, apply a forward pulling force to the drilling equipment by the power source device, drive the entire drilling equipment to make a rotary plowing action, and speed up the grinding efficiency of the cutting teeth 3 on the rock stratum. In the drilling process, first, the three drill bits 2 on the top layer bearing table 6 perform initial rock breaking at the center of the drilling area to dig a circular hole with the same diameter as the top layer bearing table 6. Then, when the drill bits 2 on the middle layer bearing table 7 contact the rock stratum 28, the three drill bits 2 on the middle layer bearing table 7 perform first-stage hole expansion drilling at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position. Then, when the drill bits 2 on the bottom layer bearing table 8 contact the rock stratum 28, the six drill bits 2 on the bottom layer bearing table 8 perform second-stage hole expansion drilling at the periphery of the first-stage hole expansion drilling area, and finally complete the drilling operation of the required hole size.

[0087] In order to ensure good drilling efficiency on a relatively weak rock stratum, the set stroke one is 15 cm and the set stroke two is 12 cm. In order to ensure good drilling efficiency on a general rock stratum, the set stroke three is 10 cm and the set stroke four is 7 cm.

[0088] The invention adopts multi-mode and multi-level to break rock, for the drilling object of roadway and tunnel, adopts forward drilling mode, when drilling object has two free surfaces and the purpose is to expand the aperture, adopts reverse drilling mode. For the working condition needing forward drilling operation, first, the first rock breaking is started by the front bit, then drilling is started by the three bits on the top layer bearing table, then the three bits distributed on the middle layer bearing table and the six bits on the bottom layer bearing table gradually expand the circular hole to complete the drilling operation of the required hole size; for the working condition needing reverse drilling operation, first, drilling is started by the three bits on the top layer bearing table, then the three bits on the middle layer bearing table and the six bits on the bottom layer bearing table gradually expand the circular hole to complete the drilling operation of the required hole size. For the rock layer with weak strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to large level drilling state, which can effectively speed up the rock breaking speed of the weak rock layer, for the rock layer with general strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to middle level drilling state, which can effectively speed up the rock breaking speed of the general rock layer, and for the rock layer with high strength, the drilling equipment is adjusted to small level drilling state, which can make the three bits on the top bearing table, the three bits on the middle bearing table and the six bits on the bottom bearing table grind the rock layer to be operated in the same plane, thereby effectively improving the rock breaking efficiency of the hard rock layer.

[0089] The construction process has strong practicability, high rock breaking efficiency, good flexibility, high automation degree, good economic benefit, can effectively reduce the construction strength, and can significantly improve the drilling efficiency, greatly reduces the labor load of the operator, has broad application prospect.

Claims

1. A multi-layered elevatable cone-of- penetration drilling rig comprising a top deck (6) characterized in that, It also includes middle layer bearing platform (7), top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9), bottom layer bearing platform (8) and middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10); The top layer bearing platform (6) is composed of a bearing disc A (61) located in the central region and three bearing plates A (62) fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing disc A (61) uniformly in the circumferential direction, a reverse drilling adapter threaded hole (14) is formed at the upper part of the shaft center of the bearing disc A (61), an installation hole A is formed at the lower part of the shaft center, and the upper end of the installation hole A and the lower end of the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole (14) are not in communication with each other; the upper end surface of each of the three bearing plates A (62) is fixedly connected with a support base (5), and the distance from the three support bases (5) to the center of the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole (14) decreases in turn; the length direction of each support base (5) extends radially, and has a drill bit accommodating groove extending in the length direction inside, and a rotatable drill bit (2) is assembled in each drill bit accommodating groove, the size of the leading end of the drill bit (2) is smaller than that of the trailing end, and the leading end is arranged outward and the trailing end is arranged inward; The middle layer bearing platform (7) is composed of a bearing disc B (71) located in the central region and three bearing plates B (72) fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing disc B (71) uniformly in the circumferential direction; the middle layer bearing platform (7) is coaxially arranged below the top layer bearing platform (6), and the three bearing plates B (72) and the three bearing plates A (62) are distributed in staggered insertion gaps; the size of the bearing disc B (71) is greater than that of the top layer bearing platform (6), a top layer bearing platform retraction groove (15) is formed at the position corresponding to the top layer bearing platform (6) on the upper part of the bearing disc B (71), an installation hole B is formed at the upper part of the shaft center, and an installation hole C is formed at the lower part of the shaft center; the upper end of the installation hole C and the lower end of the installation hole B are not in communication with each other; the upper end surface of each of the three bearing plates B (72) is fixedly connected with the support base (5) at the same position away from the installation hole B, and the drill bit (2) is assembled in each support base (5), and the drill bit (2) is arranged with the leading end outward and the trailing end inward; The cylinder barrel height of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) is adapted to the depth of the installation hole B, and is fixedly inserted into the installation hole B, and the top end of the piston rod is fixedly inserted into the installation hole A at the lower part of the top layer bearing platform (6); The bottom layer bearing platform (8) is disc-shaped, and its size is larger than that of the middle layer bearing platform (7). The bottom layer bearing platform (8) is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing platform (7), and a middle layer bearing retraction groove (16) is formed in the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform (8) at a position corresponding to the middle layer bearing platform (7). An installation hole D is formed in the upper part of the bottom layer bearing platform (8), and a forward drilling adapter threaded hole (13) is formed in the lower part of the bottom layer bearing platform (8). The upper end of the forward drilling adapter threaded hole (13) and the lower end of the installation hole D are not in communication with each other. Six bottom layer support bases (17) are uniformly arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform (8) in the area outside the middle layer bearing retraction groove (16). The bottom layer support base (17) is a U-shaped frame arranged in an inclined manner, which is composed of a V-shaped seat body (173) located at the bottom, an outer support rod (171) located at the outer side, and an inner support rod (172) located at the inner side. The outer side arm of the V-shaped seat body (173) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing platform (8) in an inclined manner. The outer support rod (171) and the inner support rod (172) are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the two are fixedly connected to the end portions of the two side arms of the V-shaped seat body (173), respectively. The drill bit (2) is rotatably arranged in the inside of each bottom layer support base (17) at the upper end, and the drill bits (2) on the adjacent two bottom layer support bases (17) are arranged in opposite directions. The cylinder height of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is matched with the depth of the installation hole D, and the cylinder is fixedly inserted into the installation hole D. The top end of the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly inserted into the installation hole C in the lower part of the middle layer bearing platform (7).

2. A multi-layered elevating conical positive and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit (2) is composed of a drill bit rotating shaft (21), a drill bit main body (26), a drill bit fixed base (19), and a drill bit fixed joint (18). The size of the front end of the drill bit main body (26) is smaller than the size of the tail end, and the overall size of the drill bit main body (26) smoothly transitions from the front end to the tail end. A plurality of cutter rings (20) are arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit main body (26) from the front end to the tail end. A plurality of cutters (3) are uniformly arranged on each cutter ring (20). A chip removal groove (22) is formed between the adjacent two cutter rings (20). An axial through hole is formed in the center of the drill bit main body (26), and the drill bit main body (26) is rotatably sleeved on the middle part of the drill bit rotating shaft (21) through the axial through hole. Two drill bit fixed bases (19) are arranged on the two sides of the drill bit main body (26) and are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the drill bit rotating shaft (21) to prevent the drill bit main body (26) from axially moving on the drill bit rotating shaft (21). Two drill bit fixed joints (18) are arranged on the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft (21), and a fixing bolt (4) is arranged on the drill bit fixed joint (18) to connect the support base.

3. A multi-layered elevating conical positive and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also include the outer rod (1) and front drilling mechanism, the outer rod (1) is composed of the clamping stable section (11) in the middle and two threaded connection sections (12) at both ends of the clamping stable section (11), the clamping stable section (11) has a ring-shaped limiting groove recessed inwardly, for protecting the threaded connection section (12) when the power source device applies tension, the outer rod (1) is connected in the forward drilling adapter threaded hole (13) through the threaded connection section (12) at one end, and the threaded connection section (12) at the other end is used for connecting the power source device; The front drilling mechanism is composed of a front bit supporting base (24), a front bit (23) and a front bit mounting rod (25), the upper end of the front bit supporting base (24) is provided with a bit mounting groove, the structure of the front bit (23) is the same as that of the bit (2), which is assembled in the bit mounting groove through a plurality of fixing bolts (4), the upper end of the front bit mounting rod (25) is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front bit supporting base (24), and an external thread structure is arranged on the lower outer side, and the front bit mounting rod (25) is connected in the reverse drilling adapter threaded hole (14) through threaded cooperation.

4. A multi-layered elevating conical positive and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also include the outer rod (1) and front drilling mechanism, the outer rod (1) is composed of the clamping stable section (11) in the middle and two threaded connection sections (12) at both ends of the clamping stable section (11), the clamping stable section (11) has a ring-shaped limiting groove recessed inwardly, for protecting the threaded connection section (12) when the power source device applies tension, the outer rod (1) is connected in the forward drilling adapter threaded hole (13) through the threaded connection section (12) at one end, and the threaded connection section (12) at the other end is used for connecting the power source device; 5. A multi-layered elevating conical positive and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the cutting tooth rings (20) is six, and two rows of cutting teeth (3) are arranged on the first and last cutting tooth rings (20) in the axial direction, and one row of cutting teeth (3) is arranged on the middle four cutting tooth rings (20), the spacing between two adjacent cutting teeth (3) in the same row is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the cutting teeth (3) in the adjacent two rows are arranged in the middle with a gap.

6. A multi-layered elevating conical positive and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cutting tooth (3) is made of alloy material, and the tail end cross section is two horsehoes that are relatively spliced, and the head end is a character shape that is gradually sharpened to the center line.

7. A multi-layered elevating cone-type reverse circulation drilling method comprising a multi-layered elevating cone-type reverse circulation drilling rig as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Also include the following steps: When the drilling object is a roadway and a tunnel, the forward drilling mode is adopted, and step one is executed; when drilling is implemented for the purpose of expanding the aperture and the drilling object has two free surfaces, the reverse drilling mode is adopted, and step two is executed; Step one: the forward drilling method is as follows; S11: first, the threaded connection section (12) at one end of the outer rod (1) is connected in the forward drilling adapter threaded hole (13) through threaded cooperation, and then the threaded connection section (12) at the other end of the outer rod (1) and the clamping stable section (11) are connected with the transmission shaft of the power source device, wherein the threaded connection section (12) is used to ensure stable and reliable connection with the rotating shaft of the power source device, and the clamping stable section (11) is used to protect the threaded connection section (12) when the power source device applies tension; Meanwhile, the lower part of the front drilling mechanism front drill mounting rod (25) is installed in the reverse drilling joint threaded hole (14) through threaded cooperation; S12: Adjust the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object; When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock stratum (28), the high-level drilling state is adjusted: first, the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke one, and the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke two, so as to lift the top layer bearing table (6) upward to the height of the set stroke one relative to the middle layer bearing table (7), and lift the middle layer bearing table (7) upward to the height of the set stroke two relative to the bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjust the drilling equipment to the high-level drilling state; When the drilling object is a rock stratum (28) with general strength, the middle-level drilling state is adjusted: first, the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke three, which is smaller than the set stroke one, and the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is controlled to extend upward by a set stroke four, which is smaller than the set stroke two, so as to lift the top layer bearing table (6) upward to the height of the set stroke three relative to the middle layer bearing table (7), and lift the middle layer bearing table (7) upward to the height of the set stroke four relative to the bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjust the drilling equipment to the middle-level drilling state; When the drilling object is a relatively hard rock stratum (28), the small-level drilling state is adjusted: first, the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) is controlled to retract completely, and the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is controlled to retract completely, so as to retract the top layer bearing table (6) into the top layer bearing table retraction groove (15), and retract the middle layer bearing table (7) into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove (16), and adjust the drilling equipment to the small-level drilling state; S13: Start the drilling operation, and apply forward thrust to the drilling equipment by the power source device to drive the entire drilling equipment to make a rotary plowing action. During the drilling process, first, the front drill (23) on the front drilling mechanism and the three drills (2) on the top layer bearing table (6) perform initial rock breaking at the center of the drilling area to excavate a circular hole with the same diameter as the top layer bearing table (6). Then, when the drills (2) on the middle layer bearing table (7) contact the rock stratum (28), the three drills (2) on the middle layer bearing table (7) perform first-stage reaming drilling at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area. Then, when the drills (2) on the bottom layer bearing table (8) contact the rock stratum (28), the six drills (2) on the bottom layer bearing table (8) perform second-stage reaming drilling at the periphery of the first-stage reaming drilling area, and finally complete the drilling operation of the required hole size; Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows; S21: first replace a length matching the drilling thickness of the outer connecting rod (1), and make its one end of the threaded connection section (12) through the threaded connection in the reverse drilling joint threaded hole (14); then make the outer connecting rod (1) pass through the guide hole (27) to be expanded and connect with the transmission shaft of the power source equipment, in the process, the power source equipment and the drilling equipment are distributed at both ends of the drilling object, and they are connected through the outer connecting rod (1) passing through the guide hole (27); S22: adjust the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object; When the drilling object is a relatively weak rock stratum (28), adjust to a high-level drilling state; first, extend the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) by a set stroke one upward through the hydraulic station, extend the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) by a set stroke two upward, lift the top layer bearing table (6) to a height of the set stroke one upward relative to the middle layer bearing table (7), lift the middle layer bearing table (7) to a height of the set stroke two upward relative to the bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjust the drilling equipment to a high-level drilling state; When the drilling object is a rock stratum (28) with general strength, adjust to a middle-level drilling state: first, extend the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) by a set stroke three upward through the hydraulic station, which is less than the set stroke one, extend the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) by a set stroke four upward, which is less than the set stroke two, lift the top layer bearing table (6) to a height of the set stroke three upward relative to the middle layer bearing table (7), lift the middle layer bearing table (7) to a height of the set stroke four upward relative to the bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjust the drilling equipment to a middle-level drilling state; When the drilling object is a relatively hard rock stratum (28), adjust to a small-level drilling state; first, completely retract the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) through the hydraulic station, completely retract the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10), shrink the top layer bearing table (6) into the top layer bearing table retraction groove (15), and shrink the middle layer bearing table (7) into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove (16), and adjust the drilling equipment to a small-level drilling state; S23: start the drilling operation, apply forward tension to the drilling equipment through the power source equipment, drive the whole drilling equipment to make a rotary planing action, in the drilling process, first, the three drill bits (2) on the top layer bearing table (6) break the rock in the center of the drilling area to open a circular hole with the same diameter as the top layer bearing table (6), then, when the drill bit (2) on the middle layer bearing table (7) contacts the rock stratum (28), the three drill bits (2) on the middle layer bearing table (7) perform the first stage of hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the initial rock breaking position, then, when the drill bit (2) on the bottom layer bearing table (8) contacts the rock stratum (28), the six drill bits (2) on the bottom layer bearing table (8) perform the second stage of hole expansion drilling operation in the outer periphery of the first stage of hole expansion drilling operation area, and finally complete the drilling operation of the required hole size.

8. A multi-layered cone of elevation and counter-boring method of construction as claimed in claim 7 wherein, Set stroke one is 15 cm, set stroke two is 12 cm, set stroke three is 10 cm, set stroke four is 7 cm.

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