Intermediate shaft hot-mounting precision tooth matching device and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of tooth matching, and relates to a middle shaft hot installation precision tooth matching device, which comprises a middle shaft positioning mechanism, a gear positioning mechanism and a tooth matching position degree mechanism; the middle shaft positioning mechanism comprises an upper center and a lower center, the top end of the lower center is provided with a lower center sleeve; the gear positioning mechanism comprises a press base, a lower center seat and a bead expanding mechanism, the lower center is fixedly installed on the lower center seat, the bead expanding mechanism is arranged on the lower center seat, the bead expanding mechanism comprises a bead expanding cylinder, a conical mandrel and a plurality of steel beads; the conical mandrel is arranged inside the lower center seat, a plurality of round holes are formed in the top outer wall of the lower center seat, and the steel beads are installed in the corresponding round holes between the conical mandrel and the outer wall of the lower center seat; the tooth matching position degree mechanism comprises an upper ball head mechanism and a lower ball head mechanism; the upper center is connected with a servo press, the servo press is provided with a pressure sensor, and a stop block is arranged on the back plate of the press. While ensuring assembly precision, the device is compatible with multiple models and can realize rapid production change.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tooth matching, and particularly relates to a middle shaft hot assembly precision tooth matching device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core component of a transmission, a middle shaft assembly has high precision requirements and is difficult to assemble. The basic principle of the assembly process is to use the hole-axle gap generated by the thermal expansion of a gear to perform angular positioning and axial positioning on the gear and the shaft after the shaft is inserted into the inner hole of the gear, so as to ensure the angular positional relationship and axial positional size relationship between the gear and the shaft.

[0003] There are many types of middle shafts, and the production is frequently changed. The lengths and diameters of shafts of different types are different, the inner holes and outer diameters of gears are different, and the gear pressing depths and tooth matching positions of different types of gears are also different. Traditional pressing equipment can only produce a single type, and manual adjustment of mechanical mechanisms is required for production change, which takes a long time and is difficult to ensure precision. How to ensure assembly precision while being compatible with multiple types and realizing rapid production change has been a long-term industry problem. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a middle shaft hot assembly precision tooth matching device and method, which solves the problem that current tooth matching mechanisms cannot be compatible with multiple types and cannot realize rapid production change.

[0005] The application is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A middle shaft hot assembly precision tooth matching device comprises a middle shaft positioning mechanism, a gear positioning mechanism and a tooth matching position mechanism.

[0007] The middle shaft positioning mechanism comprises an upper center and a lower center, and the lower center is provided with a lower center sleeve. When the middle shaft is positioned, the upper end surface of the middle shaft is in contact with the upper center, the lower end surface is in contact with the upper end surface of the lower center sleeve, and the upper end surfaces of the upper center and the lower center sleeve completely clamp the middle shaft.

[0008] The gear positioning mechanism comprises a press base, a lower center seat and a ball expanding mechanism. The lower center is fixedly installed on the lower center seat, and the ball expanding mechanism is arranged on the lower center seat. The ball expanding mechanism comprises a ball expanding cylinder, a tapered mandrel and a plurality of steel balls. The ball expanding cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the lower center seat and is used for air supply to the lower part of the tapered mandrel. The tapered mandrel is arranged in the lower center seat, a plurality of round holes are formed in the outer wall of the top of the lower center seat, and the steel balls are installed in the corresponding round holes between the tapered mandrel and the outer wall of the lower center seat.

[0009] The tooth position mechanism comprises an upper ball head mechanism for angular positioning of the intermediate shaft and a lower ball head mechanism for angular positioning of the gear, the upper ball head mechanism comprises an upper ball head and an upper X servo motor, the upper X servo motor is used to control the displacement of the upper ball head and adapt to the diameter of the indexing circle of the reference tooth of the intermediate shaft of different models; the lower ball head mechanism comprises a lower ball head and a lower X servo motor, the lower X servo motor is used to control the displacement of the lower ball head and adapt to the diameter of the indexing circle of the gear of different models;

[0010] The upper center is connected with a servo press, a pressure sensor is arranged on the servo press, and a stop block is arranged on the back plate of the press.

[0011] Further, a cavity is opened at the bottom of the lower center, and a spring is arranged in the cavity.

[0012] Further, the upper ball head mechanism further comprises an upper ball head connecting plate and an upper Z servo motor, the upper ball head, the upper X servo motor and the upper Z servo motor are all connected to the upper ball head connecting plate;

[0013] The upper Z servo motor drives the installation of the upper ball head to move axially, and by setting the servo displacement value, the stroke of the upper Z servo motor is compatible with the tooth-to-tooth position of different models of shaft teeth.

[0014] Further, the lower ball head mechanism further comprises a lower ball head connecting plate and a lower Z servo motor, the lower ball head, the lower X servo motor and the lower Z servo motor are all connected to the lower ball head connecting plate;

[0015] The lower Z servo motor drives the installation of the lower ball head to move axially, and by setting the servo displacement value, the stroke of the lower Z servo motor is compatible with the tooth-to-tooth position of different models of shaft teeth.

[0016] Further, the lower center seat and the upper ball head mechanism are connected through a connecting rod, when the intermediate shaft moves downward, the lower center seat moves downward, the upper ball head mechanism connected through the connecting rod is synchronously driven to move downward, and the upper ball head is always pressed in the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft during the press fitting process, without relative movement with the intermediate shaft.

[0017] Further, the gear is clamped by a gear clamping jaw, a plurality of air holes are arranged on the gear clamping jaw, and the air holes are arranged opposite to the gear; after the hot fitting is completed, compressed air is supplied to the air holes to blow on the hot fitted gear.

[0018] Further, an axis clamping mechanism is arranged on the press for grabbing the intermediate shaft when the robot feeds and discharges;

[0019] The axis clamping mechanism comprises an axis clamping jaw, an axis clamping jaw connecting plate, an axis clamping jaw cylinder, a guide shaft and a locking cylinder;

[0020] The axis clamping jaw is installed on the axis clamping jaw connecting plate, the axis clamping jaw cylinder is connected with the axis clamping jaw connecting plate, and is used to drive the movement of the axis clamping jaw in the axial direction;

[0021] The guide shaft is installed on the upper ball head mechanism, one end of the guide shaft is connected with the locking cylinder, and the other end is connected with the shaft clamp jaw connecting plate;

[0022] The locking cylinder is installed on the upper ball head mechanism.

[0023] The application further discloses a middle shaft hot mounting precision tooth matching method based on the middle shaft hot mounting precision tooth matching device.

[0024] Pressing reference position positioning: the lower top seat moves upward, and after being attached to the stop block, the lower top seat is kept at the position, the middle shaft is moved downward under the drive of the upper top, and when the lower end surface of the middle shaft is attached to the end surface of the lower top seat, the pressure sensor of the servo press senses the set force, and the servo press records the position as the pressing reference position;

[0025] Middle shaft positioning: the upper top and the lower top are used for center positioning of the middle shaft, and the end surface of the lower top seat is used for axial positioning of the middle shaft, the lower top seat relies on the fixed stop block for limiting in each pressing process, so that the lower end surface positions of different types of middle shafts are consistent, and the upper top is connected to the servo press, the servo displacement value is set, and the stroke of the servo press is compatible with the lengths of different types of middle shafts.

[0026] The upper X servo motor drives the upper ball head to move radially, the servo displacement value is set, and the stroke of the upper X servo motor is compatible with the diameters of the reference tooth dividing circles of different types of middle shafts.

[0027] Gear positioning: when the gear is placed on the press base, the end surface of the press base is used for axial positioning of the gear; before the middle shaft is pressed into the gear, the gear is preliminarily positioned by using the expanding bead mechanism, the lower top seat is lifted to a fixed position, the expanding bead cylinder is ventilated, the conical mandrel is driven to move upward, the steel beads are driven into the round holes in the outer wall of the lower top seat and are in contact with the inner hole of the gear, the center positioning of the gear is realized by using the multiple steel beads; after the middle shaft is pressed into the gear, the gear is finally center positioned by using the middle shaft.

[0028] Tooth position degree guarantee: the upper ball head of the upper ball head mechanism is inserted into the tooth groove of the middle shaft, the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the upper ball head are completely attached to the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and the middle shaft is angularly positioned.

[0029] The lower ball head of the lower ball head mechanism is inserted into the tooth groove of the gear, the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the ball head are completely attached to the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and the gear is angularly positioned.

[0030] Further, when the inner hole diameter of the gear is small, the distance between the inner hole of the gear and the outer sleeve of the lower top seat is small, the volume of the steel beads pushed out of the round holes in the outer sleeve of the lower top seat is small, and the distance of the upward movement of the conical mandrel is small.

[0031] When the gear inner hole diameter is larger, the distance between the gear inner hole and the lower center seat outer sleeve is larger, the volume of the steel ball pushed out of the lower center seat outer sleeve circular hole is larger, and the distance of the conical mandrel upward movement is far.

[0032] Further, the lower ball head mechanism further comprises a lower ball head connecting plate and a lower Z servo motor, and the lower ball head, the lower X servo motor and the lower Z servo motor are all connected to the lower ball head connecting plate.

[0033] When the lower ball head abuts against the gear tooth top, the adjustment process is as follows:

[0034] The lower X servo motor moving radially on the lower ball head mechanism adopts a force mode, when the lower ball head abuts against the gear tooth top, the force condition is met, the displacement condition is not met, the lower X servo motor is switched to a displacement mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to retreat X mm, wherein X is pre-set according to different gear sizes.

[0035] Then the lower Z servo motor moving axially on the lower ball head mechanism adopts a displacement mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to move upward by Z mm, wherein Z is pre-set according to different gear sizes.

[0036] Subsequently, the lower X servo motor is switched to a force mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to advance, because the gear is a helical gear structure, the lower ball head is moved axially again, and when the lower ball head is against the gear again, the gear can be rotated, after the lower ball head is inserted into the gear slot, the lower X servo motor is switched to a displacement mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to retreat X mm; at this time, the lower Z servo motor adopts a displacement mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to move downward by Z mm, so that the lower ball head returns to the required gear engagement position.

[0037] Subsequently, the lower X servo motor is switched to a force mode, and drives the lower ball head connecting plate to advance, the lower ball head is inserted into the gear slot, the gear slot is tightly clamped, the two sides of the lower ball head are completely attached to the two tooth surfaces of the gear slot, and the angular positioning of the gear is completed.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] The present application discloses a kind of intermediate shaft hot mounting precision gear engagement device, and designs intermediate shaft positioning mechanism, gear positioning mechanism, gear engagement position degree mechanism;Intermediate shaft positioning mechanism includes upper center and lower center, and the top of lower center is equipped with lower center sleeve, and the center of intermediate shaft is positioned using upper and lower two centers, and the end surface of lower center sleeve is used to the axial positioning of intermediate shaft, and keep uniform with design datum, machining datum and subsequent measurement datum;

[0040] The lower top center seat relies on fixed stopper for limiting during each pressing process, so the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft of different models is consistent, and the upper top center is connected to the servo press, and the stroke of the servo press is compatible with the length of the intermediate shaft of different models; the gear positioning mechanism includes an upper ball head mechanism for angular positioning of the intermediate shaft and a lower ball head mechanism for angular positioning of the gear, the upper X servo motor for radial motion is arranged on the upper ball head mechanism, the upper X servo motor drives the upper ball head to move radially, the stroke of the upper X servo motor is compatible with the diameter of the reference circle of the reference gear of the intermediate shaft of different models, and through setting the servo displacement value, the diameter of the reference circle of the reference gear of the intermediate shaft of different models is quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0041] The gear positioning mechanism includes a press base, a lower top center seat and a ball expanding mechanism, the ball expanding mechanism includes a ball expanding cylinder, a conical mandrel and a plurality of steel balls, the press base end surface is used for axially positioning the gear; before the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the ball expanding mechanism is used for primary positioning of the gear, the lower top center seat is raised to a fixed position, the ball expanding cylinder is ventilated, the conical mandrel is driven to move upward, the steel balls are driven into the circular holes in the outer wall of the lower top center seat and are in contact with the inner hole of the gear, and the center positioning of the gear is realized by using the steel balls; no matter how the diameter of the inner hole of the gear changes within a certain range, the steel balls on the ball expanding mechanism can always be in contact with the inner hole of the gear, so that the positioning requirement is met. After the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the intermediate shaft is used for final center positioning of the gear, so that the gear final positioning is not affected by the change of production. Therefore, the above mechanism can quickly adapt to the diameters of the inner holes of gears of different models without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0042] The lower Z servo motor for axial motion is arranged on the lower ball head mechanism, the lower Z servo motor drives the lower ball head to move axially, the stroke of the lower Z servo motor is compatible with the gear tooth position of different models, and through setting the servo displacement value, the gear tooth position of different models is quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0043] Further, in order to prevent over-positioning, a spring is arranged below the lower top center, the end surface of the lower top center is guaranteed to be in contact with the end surface of the intermediate shaft while the shaft center is always positioned by the upper and lower top centers, and the axial positioning requirement is met.

[0044] Further, an upper Z servo motor for axial movement is arranged on the upper ball head mechanism, the upper ball head connecting plate is connected with the upper Z servo motor, the upper ball head installed on the upper ball head connecting plate is driven by the upper Z servo motor to move axially, the stroke of the upper Z servo motor is compatible with the gear tooth-tooth position of different models, and through setting of a servo displacement value, different model gear tooth-tooth positions can be quickly adapted without adjustment of the mechanical mechanism. Similarly, the stroke of the lower Z servo motor is compatible with the gear tooth-tooth position of different models, and through setting of a servo displacement value, different model gear tooth-tooth positions can be quickly adapted without adjustment of the mechanical mechanism.

[0045] Further, in order to ensure the stability of the pressing precision, it is required that the upper ball head always abuts against the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft during the pressing process, that is, the axial distance between the upper ball head and the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft is kept unchanged during the pressing process, the lower center seat and the upper ball head mechanism are connected through a connecting rod, when the intermediate shaft moves downward, the lower center seat is also driven to move downward, and the upper ball head mechanism connected through the connecting rod is also synchronously driven to move downward, so that the upper ball head always abuts against the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft during the pressing process, there is no relative movement between the upper ball head and the intermediate shaft, and the stability of the pressing precision is ensured.

[0046] Further, a gas hole is formed on the gear clamping jaw, compressed air is supplied to the gas hole after the hot assembly is completed, the compressed air is blown at high speed on the gear after the hot assembly is completed, and the purpose of rapid cooling is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 Structure schematic view for positioning of the intermediate shaft;

[0048] Figure 2 Structure schematic view for positioning of the gear;

[0049] Figure 3 Structure schematic view of two ball head mechanisms;

[0050] Figure 4 Structure schematic view for ensuring the axial position of the pressing;

[0051] Figure 5 Structure schematic view of the shaft clamping mechanism of the intermediate shaft;

[0052] Figure 6 Structure schematic view of the connection between the upper ball head mechanism and the lower center seat;

[0053] Figure 7 Schematic view of displacement process when the lower ball head abuts against the tooth top;

[0054] Figure 8 Overall assembly view of the intermediate shaft hot assembly precision tooth alignment device.

[0055] Wherein, 1, upper center; 2, lower center; 3, lower center sleeve; 4, spring; 5, base; 6, lower center seat; 7, expanding bead cylinder; 8, tapered mandrel; 9, steel bead; 10, upper ball head mechanism; 11, lower ball head mechanism; 12, upper ball head; 13, lower ball head; 14, back plate; 15, stop block; 16, lower lifting cylinder; 17, servo press; 18, upper X servo motor; 19, upper ball head connecting plate; 20, lower X servo motor; 21, lower ball head connecting plate; 22, upper Z servo motor; 23, lower Z servo motor; 24, gear clamping jaw; 25, shaft clamping jaw; 26, shaft clamping jaw connecting plate; 27, shaft clamping jaw cylinder; 28, guide shaft; 29, cylinder with lock; 30, connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, further detailed description will be made in combination with the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application, that is, the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present application, but not all examples.

[0057] The components described and shown in the accompanying drawings and examples of the present application can be arranged and designed in various different configurations, therefore, the detailed description of the examples of the present application provided in the following accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only to represent a selected embodiment of the present application. Based on the accompanying drawings and examples of the present application, all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms "comprising", "including", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, element, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes the elements inherent to the process, element, method, article or equipment. In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" are based on the orientation and position relationship of the devices or components shown in the drawings, and are only for better description of the present application, and are not required to have the specific orientation of the devices, components or equipment, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0059] The features and performances of the present application are further described in detail in combination with the examples below.

[0060] As Figures 1-8 shown, the present application discloses a kind of intermediate shaft hot installation precision tooth matching device, including intermediate shaft positioning mechanism, gear positioning mechanism, tooth matching position degree mechanism;

[0061] The intermediate shaft positioning mechanism includes an upper center 1 and a lower center 2, with a lower center sleeve 3 at the top of the lower center 2. When positioning the intermediate shaft, the upper end face of the intermediate shaft abuts against the upper center 1, and the lower end face abuts against the upper end face of the lower center sleeve 3. The upper end faces of the upper center 1 and the lower center sleeve 3 completely clamp the intermediate shaft.

[0062] The gear positioning mechanism includes a press base 5, a lower center seat 6, and a ball bearing expansion mechanism. The lower center 2 is fixedly installed on the lower center seat 6, and the ball bearing expansion mechanism is arranged on the lower center seat 6. The ball bearing expansion mechanism includes a ball bearing expansion cylinder 7, a conical mandrel 8, and multiple steel balls 9. The ball bearing expansion cylinder 7 is located at the lower part of the lower center seat 6 and is used to ventilate the lower part of the conical mandrel 8. The conical mandrel 8 is located inside the lower center seat 6, and multiple round holes are opened on the top outer wall of the lower center seat 6. The steel balls 9 are installed in the corresponding round holes between the conical mandrel 8 and the outer wall of the lower center seat 6.

[0063] The tooth positioning mechanism includes an upper ball joint mechanism 10 for angular positioning of the intermediate shaft and a lower ball joint mechanism 11 for angular positioning of the gear. The upper ball joint mechanism 10 includes an upper ball joint 12 and an upper X servo motor 18. The upper X servo motor 18 is used to control the displacement of the upper ball joint 12 to adapt to the pitch circle diameter of the reference teeth of different models of intermediate shafts. The lower ball joint mechanism 11 includes a lower ball joint 13 and a lower X servo motor 20. The lower X servo motor 20 is used to control the displacement of the lower ball joint 13 to adapt to the pitch circle diameter of different models of gears.

[0064] The top tip 1 is connected to a servo press 17, which is equipped with a pressure sensor. A stop block 15 is provided on the press back plate 14.

[0065] The following will explain how each function is implemented from the perspective of different functional units.

[0066] I. Intermediate shaft positioning:

[0067] Intermediate shaft positioning is divided into center positioning and axial positioning. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the upper center 1 and the lower center 2 are used to center the intermediate shaft, and the end face of the lower center sleeve 3 is used to axially position the intermediate shaft, so as to maintain consistency with the design datum, machining datum and subsequent measurement datum.

[0068] Meanwhile, to prevent over-positioning, a spring 4 is arranged below the lower center 2. This ensures that the upper and lower centers always position the shaft center while ensuring that the end face of the lower center sleeve 3 fits against the end face of the intermediate shaft, thus achieving the axial positioning requirements.

[0069] II. Gear positioning:

[0070] Gear positioning is divided into axial positioning and center positioning. Axial positioning of the gear is achieved using the five end faces of the press base. Center positioning is further divided into initial positioning and final positioning. For example... Figure 2As shown, before the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, a ball bearing expansion mechanism is used for initial positioning of the gear. This mechanism, located on the lower center seat 6, consists of a ball bearing expansion cylinder 7, a conical mandrel 8, and steel balls 9. Three circular holes are arranged on the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6, and the three steel balls 9 are installed in the corresponding circular holes between the conical mandrel 8 and the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6 (with a certain amount of vertical movement). When the gear is placed on the base 5, the lower center seat 6 rises to a fixed position, the ball bearing expansion cylinder 7 is vented, pushing the conical mandrel 8 upwards, causing the steel balls 9 to enter the circular holes in the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6 and contact the inner hole of the gear. The three steel balls 9 are used to achieve the center positioning of the gear. After the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the intermediate shaft is used for final center positioning of the gear.

[0071] III. Ensuring Tooth Position Accuracy:

[0072] Ensuring the tooth alignment accuracy means ensuring the angular positioning accuracy of the intermediate shaft and the gear. For example... Figure 3 As shown, an upper ball head mechanism 10 is provided on the side of the axis of the upper center 1, and a lower ball head mechanism 11 is provided on the side of the axis of the lower center 2. The upper ball head 12 of the upper ball head mechanism 10 is inserted into the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft, and the tooth groove is pressed tightly. The two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and the intermediate shaft is angularly positioned.

[0073] The lower ball head 13 of the lower ball head mechanism 11 is inserted into the tooth groove of the gear, pressing the tooth groove tightly. The two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, thus angularly positioning the gear.

[0074] The center lines of the upper ball head 12 and the lower ball head 13 are perpendicular to the center lines of the two top points, and the distance between the center lines of the upper ball head 12 and the lower ball head 13 must meet the requirements of the drawing.

[0075] IV. Guarantee of axial position dimensions during press fitting:

[0076] Ensuring the axial position dimension during press-fitting means ensuring the displacement of the intermediate shaft during pressing. Because the axial positioning datum of the intermediate shaft is on its lower end face, while the driving force during pressing is applied from top to bottom, meaning the force application point is not on the datum surface, using the displacement of this force application point as the axial position dimension during press-fitting will lead to errors caused by datum conversion. Therefore, a unified datum is required during the press-fitting process. Figure 4As shown, a stopper 15 is arranged on the press back plate 14, the lower lifting cylinder 16 drives the lower center seat 6 to move upward, and stops after being attached to the stopper 15, and the lower center seat 6 is kept in this position by continuous air supply, at this time, the upper center 1 connected to the servo press 17 drives the intermediate shaft to move downward, and force mode is adopted, when the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft is attached to the end surface of the lower center sleeve 3, the pressure sensor of the servo press 17 senses the set force, and the servo press 17 records this position as the press-fitting reference position, at this time, the end surface of the upper center 1 connected to the servo press 17 and the lower center sleeve 3 of the press completely clamps the intermediate shaft, and the press-fitting reference position is determined, the servo press 17 is switched to displacement mode, drives the intermediate shaft to move downward by a preset displacement and stops, and the axial position size is ensured.

[0077] Five, realize quick change production, compatible with different models of intermediate shaft:

[0078] For hot installation, the difference between different models of intermediate shafts mainly lies in the length of the shaft and the diameter of the reference tooth division circle on the shaft.

[0079] Length compatibility: as shown, Figure 4 The upper center 1 and the end surface of the lower center sleeve 3 are used to position the intermediate shaft in the axial direction, and the lower center seat 6 relies on the fixed stopper 15 for limiting during each press-fitting process, so the lower end surface positions of different models of intermediate shafts are consistent, and the upper center 1 is connected to the servo press 17, the stroke of the servo press 17 is compatible with the lengths of different models of intermediate shafts, and through setting the servo displacement value, the length change of different models of intermediate shafts can be quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0080] Reference tooth division circle diameter compatibility: as shown, Figure 3 The upper X servo motor 18 for radial movement is arranged on the upper ball head mechanism 10, the upper ball head connecting plate 19 is connected to the upper X servo motor 18, the upper X servo motor 18 drives the upper ball head 12 installed on the upper ball head connecting plate 19 to move radially, the stroke of the upper X servo motor 18 is compatible with the diameters of the reference tooth division circles of different models of intermediate shafts, and through setting the servo displacement value, the diameter of the reference tooth division circle of different models of intermediate shafts can be quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0081] Six, realize quick change production, compatible with different models of gears:

[0082] For hot installation, the difference between different models of gears mainly lies in the difference between the gear hole diameter and the outer tooth division circle diameter. The compatibility of the gear hole diameter, i.e. the compatibility of the center positioning of the gear, is divided into initial positioning and final positioning.

[0083] As shown, Figure 2As shown, the gear is initially positioned by the expanding bead mechanism, the expanding bead cylinder 7 is ventilated, the tapered mandrel 8 is pushed upward, the steel bead 9 is driven into the circular hole of the lower center seat 6 outer sleeve, and is in contact with the inner hole of the gear; The limit of the upward movement of the tapered mandrel 8 depends on the volume of the steel bead 9 pushed out of the circular hole of the lower center seat 6 outer sleeve, that is, the distance between the inner hole of the gear and the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6; When the inner hole diameter of the gear is small, the distance between the inner hole of the gear and the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6 is small, so the volume of the steel bead 9 pushed out of the circular hole of the lower center seat 6 outer sleeve is small, and the distance of the tapered mandrel 8 upward movement is close; When the inner hole diameter of the gear is large, the distance between the inner hole of the gear and the outer sleeve of the lower center seat 6 is large, so the volume of the steel bead 9 pushed out of the circular hole of the lower center seat 6 outer sleeve is large, and the distance of the tapered mandrel 8 upward movement is far.

[0084] In summary, no matter how the inner hole diameter of the gear changes within a certain range, the three steel beads 9 on the expanding bead mechanism can always be in contact with the inner hole of the gear, meeting the positioning requirements. After the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the intermediate shaft is used to finally center the gear, so the change of production does not affect the final positioning of the gear. Therefore, the above-mentioned mechanism can quickly adapt to the inner hole diameter of gears of different models without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0085] Compatibility of outer tooth division circle diameter, that is, compatibility of angular positioning of the gear. Figure 3 As shown, the lower ball head mechanism 11 is provided with a lower X servo motor 20 that moves radially, and the lower ball head connecting plate 21 is connected with the lower X servo motor 20. The lower X servo motor 20 drives the lower ball head 13 installed on the lower ball head connecting plate 21 to move radially. The stroke of the lower X servo motor 20 is compatible with the division circle diameters of gears of different models. By setting the servo displacement value, the mechanism can quickly adapt to the division circle diameters of gears of different models without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0086] Seven, realize quick change of production, adapt to different machine models of tooth position requirements:

[0087] Different machine models have different tooth position requirements, that is, the axial position requirements of the upper ball head 12 and the lower ball head 13 are different. As shown in Figure 3As shown, the upper ball head mechanism 10 is provided with an upper Z servo motor 22 for axial movement, the upper ball head connecting plate 19 is connected with the upper Z servo motor 22, the upper Z servo motor 22 drives the upper ball head 12 installed on the upper ball head connecting plate 19 to move axially, the stroke of the upper Z servo motor 22 is compatible with the gear tooth-tooth position of different models, and by setting the servo displacement value, the gear tooth-tooth position of different models can be quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism. Similarly, the lower ball head mechanism 11 is provided with a lower Z servo motor for axial movement, the lower ball head connecting plate 21 is connected with the lower Z servo motor 23, the lower Z servo motor 23 drives the lower ball head 13 installed on the lower ball head connecting plate 21 to move axially, the stroke of the lower Z servo motor 23 is compatible with the gear tooth-tooth position of different models, and by setting the servo displacement value, the gear tooth-tooth position of different models can be quickly adapted without adjusting the mechanical mechanism.

[0088] Eight, realize quick change production, adapt to different model pressing depth requirements:

[0089] Different models of pressing depth requirements are different, that is, the displacement requirements of shaft pressing are different. Figure 4 As shown, according to the above fourth aspect of the solution, the axial reference of different models in the pressing process is unique, that is, after the lower center seat 6 is limited by the stopper 15, the position of the lower center sleeve 3 end surface is unique, at this time, according to the length of the intermediate shaft and the pressing depth requirements of different models, the displacement value of the servo press 17 pressing can be set to ensure the pressing depth requirements of different models.

[0090] Nine, in order to ensure the stability of pressing precision, the present application requires that the upper ball head always tops in the intermediate shaft reference tooth groove during the pressing process, that is, the axial distance between the upper ball head and the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft (axial reference surface) is unchanged during the pressing process, and the specific scheme is:

[0091] As shown, Figure 6As shown, the connecting rod 30 connects the lower center seat 6 and the upper ball head mechanism 10. When the intermediate shaft is pressed to the point where its lower end face is in contact with the end face of the lower center sleeve 3, the servo press 17 records this position as the pressing reference position. At this time, the upper X servo motor 18 drives the upper ball head 12 mounted on the upper ball head mechanism 10 to move radially. The upper ball head 12 pushes into the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft, tightens the tooth groove, and the two sides of the upper ball head 12 are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, thus angularly positioning the intermediate shaft. Then, the lower lifting cylinder 16 closes, the servo press 17 moves downward, and drives the intermediate shaft to move downward by Z mm (Z is preset according to the pressing depth of different models), enters the gear, and stops at the set displacement. When the lower end face of the intermediate shaft is in contact with the end face of the lower center sleeve 3, the end faces of the upper center 1 and the lower center sleeve 3 completely clamp the intermediate shaft. When the intermediate shaft moves downward by Zmm, the lower center seat 6 will also be driven to move downward by Zmm. The upper ball head mechanism 10 connected by the connecting rod 30 is also driven to move downward by Zmm in sync. Therefore, the upper ball head 12 is always pressed against the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft during the press-fitting process, and there is no relative movement with the intermediate shaft, which ensures the stability of the press-fitting accuracy.

[0092] 10. When angularly positioning the gear, if the lower ball joint 13 abuts against the gear tooth tip, it will cause gear alignment failure. The quick adjustment solution is as follows:

[0093] like Figure 7 As shown, the lower X servo motor 20, which performs radial motion on the lower ball joint mechanism 11, operates in force mode. When the lower ball joint 13 abuts against the gear tooth tip, the force condition is met, but the displacement condition is not. The lower X servo motor 20 then switches to displacement mode, causing the lower ball joint 13 connecting plate to retract X mm (X is preset according to different gear sizes). Next, the lower Z servo motor 23, which performs axial motion on the lower ball joint mechanism 11, operates in displacement mode, causing the lower ball joint connecting plate 21 to move upwards by Z mm (Z is preset according to different gear sizes). Subsequently, the lower X servo motor 20 switches to force mode, causing the lower ball joint connecting plate 21 to move forward. Because the gear is... The helical gear structure allows the lower ball head 13 to move axially. When re-aligning the gears, it can rotate the gear and push into the tooth groove. Then, the lower X servo motor 20 switches to displacement mode, driving the lower ball head connecting plate 21 to move back X mm (X is preset according to different gear sizes). At this time, the lower Z servo motor 23 adopts displacement mode, driving the lower ball head connecting plate 21 to move down Z mm, and the lower ball head 13 returns to the required alignment position. Subsequently, the lower X servo motor 20 switches to force mode, driving the lower ball head connecting plate 21 forward, and the lower ball head 13 pushes into the tooth groove, pressing the tooth groove tightly. The two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, completing the angular positioning of the gear.

[0094] Even better, after the heat fitting is completed, in order to cool the gears quickly, the intermediate shaft is clamped tightly, such as... Figure 5As shown, gear clamping jaws 24 are arranged outside the gear, and a plurality of air holes are formed in the gear clamping jaws 24, the air holes are arranged opposite the gear, after the hot mounting is completed, compressed air is supplied to the air holes, the high-speed compressed air blows on the gear after the hot mounting is completed, and the purpose of rapid cooling is achieved.

[0095] More preferably, the intermediate shaft feeding and discharging mode adopts automatic grabbing by a robot, how to realize the gripping of the intermediate shaft by the press during the feeding and discharging process, and meanwhile the mechanism does not affect the press fitting process, the scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0096] As shown in the figure, Figure 5 A shaft clamping jaw 25 is arranged on the press for gripping the intermediate shaft during the feeding and discharging of the robot. The shaft clamping jaw 25 is installed on a shaft clamping jaw connecting plate 26, and a shaft clamping jaw cylinder 27 is arranged on the press, the shaft clamping jaw cylinder 27 is connected with the shaft clamping jaw connecting plate 26, thereby realizing the movement of the shaft clamping jaw 25 in the axial direction. A guide shaft 28 is installed on the shaft clamping jaw connecting plate 26, the shaft clamping jaw 25 is fixedly connected with the guide shaft 28, and a locking cylinder 29 is installed on the upper ball head connecting plate 19. Before the press fitting starts and after the press fitting ends, air is supplied to the locking cylinder 29, the guide shaft 28 can freely slide in the locking cylinder 29, at this time, air is supplied to the shaft clamping jaw cylinder 27, that is, the shaft clamping jaw 25 can move up and down through the shaft clamping jaw cylinder 27, thereby meeting the requirements of the feeding and discharging position of the robot.

[0097] During the press fitting process, in order to avoid over-positioning of the shaft clamping jaw 25 on the intermediate shaft, the shaft clamping jaw 25 needs to be always opened, and at the same time, the shaft clamping jaw 25 needs to move up and down with the intermediate shaft to meet the requirements of the robot grabbing, therefore, air is cut off to the locking cylinder 29, the locking cylinder 29 tightly holds the guide shaft 28, the guide shaft 28 cannot move, and during the downward movement of the upper ball head mechanism 10 and the lower top pin seat 6 through the connecting rod 30, the shaft clamping jaw 25 is driven to move downward synchronously through the guide shaft 28 and the locking cylinder 29, thereby realizing the upward and downward movement of the shaft clamping jaw 25 in the opened state with the intermediate shaft.

[0098] The following is a specific operation process of the intermediate shaft hot mounting precision tooth matching device of the present application, including the following steps:

[0099] (1) The robot grabs the intermediate shaft and delivers it to the shaft clamping jaw 25 of the press, the shaft clamping jaw 25 clamps the intermediate shaft, and the robot exits.

[0100] (2) The robot grabs the heated gear and places it on the press base 5, and the robot exits.

[0101] (3) The lower lifting cylinder 16 drives the lower center seat 6 to move upward and stops after being in contact with the stopper 15 installed on the back plate 14 of the press, and the lower center seat 6 is kept in this position by continuous air supply. At this time, the upper center 1 connected to the servo press 17 drives the intermediate shaft to move downward, and when the lower center 2 contacts the intermediate shaft lower center hole and positions the center thereof, the servo press 17 continues to move downward in force mode, and at this time, the lower center spring 4 is compressed. When the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft is in contact with the end surface of the lower center sleeve 3, the upper and lower centers complete the center positioning and axial positioning of the intermediate shaft. After the pressure sensor of the servo press 17 senses the set force, the servo press 17 stops moving, and this position is recorded as the press-fitting reference position.

[0102] (4) The inflation bead cylinder 7 is supplied with air, the tapered mandrel 8 is driven to move upward, the three steel beads 9 are driven into the circular holes of the lower center seat 6, and are in contact with the gear inner hole, thereby completing the center positioning of the gear.

[0103] (5) At the same time, according to the tooth position requirements of different models, the upper Z servo motor 22 of the upper ball head mechanism 10 moving in the axial direction drives the upper ball head 12 to move to the position set in the program in advance, the lower Z servo motor 23 of the lower ball head mechanism 11 moving in the axial direction drives the lower ball head 13 to move to the position set in the program in advance. At the same time, according to the size of the intermediate shaft tooth and the diameter of the gear division circle in different models, the upper X servo motor 18 of the upper ball head mechanism 10 moving in the radial direction is switched to force mode, drives the upper ball head 12 to move to the intermediate shaft tooth reference tooth groove, and the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, thereby completing the angular positioning of the intermediate shaft; the lower X servo motor 20 of the lower ball head mechanism 11 moving in the radial direction is switched to force mode, drives the lower ball head 13 to move to the gear tooth groove, and the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, thereby completing the angular positioning of the gear.

[0104] When the gear is angularly positioned, if the lower ball head 13 is pressed against the gear tooth, the lower ball head 13 is automatically adjusted. (The action process is described in detail in question ten technical solution) After the above action is completed, the gear clamping jaw 24 clamps the gear, and the lower ball head 13 retreats X mm (X is set in advance according to different gear sizes).

[0105] (6) The lower lifting cylinder 16 is not started, the servo press 17 is switched to displacement mode, drives the intermediate shaft to move downward Z mm (Z is set in advance according to the press-fitting depth required by different models) and stops.

[0106] (7) The gear clamping jaw 24 is opened, the lower X servo motor 20 of the lower ball head mechanism 11 moving in the radial direction is switched to force mode, drives the lower ball head 13 to move to the gear tooth groove again, and the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the ball head are completely in contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, thereby completing the secondary angular positioning of the gear.

[0107] (8) Gear clamping jaw 24 is ventilated, and the gear is rapidly cooled.

[0108] (9) Shaft clamping jaw 25 clamps the intermediate shaft, the shaft clamping jaw cylinder 27 is ventilated, and the shaft clamping jaw 25 is driven to rise.

[0109] (10) The robot enters the press, the shaft clamping jaw 25 is opened, and the robot takes out the completed intermediate shaft from the press.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: the specific embodiments of the present application can still be modified or replaced by the equivalent, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, any modification or equivalent replacement, which should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An intermediate shaft hot fit precision alignment device, characterized by, The intermediate shaft positioning mechanism, the gear positioning mechanism and the gear tooth positioning mechanism are included. The intermediate shaft positioning mechanism includes an upper center and a lower center, and the lower center is provided with a lower center sleeve. The gear positioning mechanism includes a press base, a lower center seat and a bead expanding mechanism. The lower center is fixedly installed on the lower center seat, and the bead expanding mechanism is arranged on the lower center seat. The bead expanding mechanism includes a bead expanding cylinder, a tapered mandrel and a plurality of steel beads. The bead expanding cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the lower center seat and is used for air supply to the lower part of the tapered mandrel. The tapered mandrel is arranged in the lower center seat, and a plurality of circular holes are formed in the top outer wall of the lower center seat. The steel beads are installed in the corresponding circular holes between the tapered mandrel and the outer wall of the lower center seat. The upper ball head mechanism and the lower ball head mechanism are included. The upper ball head mechanism includes an upper ball head and an upper X servo motor. The upper X servo motor is used for controlling the displacement of the upper ball head and is adapted to the diameter of the indexing circle of the reference tooth of different models of intermediate shafts.

2. The intermediate shaft hot fit precision aligning device of claim 1, wherein, The lower ball head mechanism includes a lower ball head and a lower X servo motor.

3. The intermediate shaft hot fit precision aligning device of claim 1, wherein, The lower X servo motor is used for controlling the displacement of the lower ball head and is adapted to the diameter of the indexing circle of different models of gears. The upper center is connected with a servo press, and the servo press is provided with a pressure sensor. A stop block is arranged on the back plate of the press. The lower ball head mechanism further includes a lower ball head connecting plate and a lower Z servo motor. The lower ball head, the lower X servo motor and the lower Z servo motor are all connected to the lower ball head connecting plate. When the lower ball head abuts against the gear tooth top, the adjustment process is as follows: The lower X servo motor which performs radial motion on the lower ball head mechanism adopts force mode. When the lower ball head abuts against the gear tooth top, the force condition is met, and the displacement condition is not met. The lower X servo motor is switched to displacement mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate retreats X mm. The lower Z servo motor which performs axial motion on the lower ball head mechanism adopts displacement mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate moves upward by Z mm. The lower X servo motor is switched to force mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate advances. Because the gear is a helical gear structure, the lower ball head is moved axially again. When the gear is rotated again, the lower X servo motor is switched to displacement mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate retreats X mm. At this time, the lower Z servo motor adopts displacement mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate moves downward by Z mm. The lower ball head returns to the required gear tooth positioning position. Subsequently, the lower X servo motor is switched to force mode, and the lower ball head connecting plate advances. The lower ball head abuts against the gear tooth, and the gear tooth is tightly clamped. The lower ball head is completely attached to the two tooth surfaces on both sides of the gear tooth, and the angular positioning of the gear is completed. A cavity is formed in the bottom of the lower center, and a spring is arranged in the cavity. The upper ball head mechanism further includes an upper ball head connecting plate and an upper Z servo motor. The upper ball head, the upper X servo motor and the upper Z servo motor are all connected to the upper ball head connecting plate. The upper Z servo motor drives the upper ball head to move axially. The stroke of the upper Z servo motor is compatible with the tooth-to-tooth position of the shaft teeth of different models by setting the servo displacement value.

4. The intermediate shaft hot fit precision aligning device of claim 1, wherein, The lower top seat and the upper ball head mechanism are connected by a connecting rod. When the intermediate shaft moves downward, the lower top seat moves downward, and the upper ball head mechanism connected by the connecting rod is driven to move downward synchronously. During the press-fitting process, the upper ball head is always pressed in the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft, and there is no relative movement between the intermediate shaft and the upper ball head.

5. The intermediate shaft hot fit precision aligning device of claim 1, wherein, The gear is clamped by a gear clamp jaw. A plurality of air holes are formed in the gear clamp jaw, and the air holes are arranged opposite to the gear. After the hot fitting is completed, compressed air is supplied to the air holes to blow the hot-fitted gear.

6. The intermediate shaft hot fit precision aligning device of claim 1, wherein, An axis clamping mechanism is arranged on the press for grabbing the intermediate shaft when the robot feeds or discharges materials. The axis clamping mechanism comprises an axis clamp jaw, an axis clamp jaw connecting plate, an axis clamp jaw cylinder, a guide shaft, and a locking cylinder. The axis clamp jaw is installed on the axis clamp jaw connecting plate, and the axis clamp jaw cylinder is connected with the axis clamp jaw connecting plate to drive the axis clamp jaw to move axially. The guide shaft is installed on the upper ball head mechanism, one end of the guide shaft is connected with the locking cylinder, and the other end of the guide shaft is connected with the axis clamp jaw connecting plate. The locking cylinder is installed on the upper ball head mechanism.

7. A method for precision aligning of a countershaft according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The method comprises the following processes: Reference position positioning: the lower top seat moves upward and is in contact with the stop block. After that, the lower top seat is kept at this position. The intermediate shaft is driven by the upper top seat to move downward. When the lower end surface of the intermediate shaft is in contact with the end surface of the lower top seat, the pressure sensor of the servo press senses the set force, and the servo press records this position as the press-fitting reference position. Intermediate shaft positioning: the upper top seat and the lower top seat are used to center the intermediate shaft, and the end surface of the lower top seat is used to axially position the intermediate shaft. The lower top seat relies on the fixed stop block for positioning during each press-fitting process, so the lower end surface positions of intermediate shafts of different models are consistent. The upper top seat is connected with the servo press, and the stroke of the servo press is compatible with the lengths of intermediate shafts of different models by setting the servo displacement value. The upper X servo motor drives the upper ball head to move radially. The stroke of the upper X servo motor is compatible with the diameter of the reference tooth of the intermediate shaft of different models by setting the servo displacement value. Gear positioning: when the gear is placed on the press base, the end surface of the press base is used to axially position the gear. Before the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the gear is preliminarily positioned by the expanding bead mechanism. The lower top seat is raised to a fixed position, the expanding bead cylinder is supplied with air, the conical mandrel moves upward, the steel beads are driven into the circular holes in the outer wall of the lower top seat, and are in contact with the inner hole of the gear. The center of the gear is positioned by the plurality of steel beads. After the intermediate shaft is pressed into the gear, the gear is finally centered by the intermediate shaft. Tooth position degree guarantee: the upper ball head of the upper ball head mechanism is pressed into the reference tooth groove of the intermediate shaft, the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the upper ball head are in complete contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and the intermediate shaft is angularly positioned. The lower ball head of the lower ball head mechanism is pressed into the tooth groove of the gear, the tooth groove is tightly pressed, the two sides of the ball head are in complete contact with the two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and the gear is angularly positioned.

8. The method of hot fit precision alignment of gears of a countershaft as claimed in claim 7 wherein, When the diameter of the inner hole of the gear is small, the distance between the inner hole of the gear and the outer sleeve of the lower top seat is small, the volume of the steel beads pushed out of the circular holes of the outer sleeve of the lower top seat is small, and the distance of the upward movement of the conical mandrel is small. When the gear hole diameter is larger, the distance between the gear hole and the lower center seat sleeve is larger, the volume of the steel ball pushed out of the lower center seat sleeve hole is larger, and the distance of the conical mandrel upward movement is far.

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