A method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of ferrosilicon blast furnace

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon ore furnace, comprising the steps of: dosing a carbonaceous reducing agent and a solvent, maintaining the charge surface in the ore furnace, effectively controlling key parameters, burying the working end of the electrode in the charge, and adjusting the valve opening. The present invention can significantly reduce the furnace mouth temperature. First, it can improve the thermal efficiency of smelting. The unit consumption of ferrosilicon ore furnace smelting is higher than that of other alloy varieties. The required initial reduction temperature reaches above 1664°C, which fully utilizes the thermal efficiency, improves the reduction rate, and maintains a stable furnace condition. Second, reducing the furnace mouth temperature can effectively reduce the power consumption of smelting. As most of the heat participates in the redox reaction, the furnace condition stabilizes, the production capacity is improved, the smelting power consumption is reduced, and the energy consumption of ferrosilicon is further reduced. Third, the key equipment in the furnace is all cooled by circulating water. As the furnace mouth temperature decreases, the maintenance cycle is increased from 60 days to 75 days, reducing equipment damage and extending the smelting cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ferrosilicon ore furnace smelting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon ore furnace. Background Art

[0002] During the smelting process, submerged arc furnaces are susceptible to various factors, including inadequate operational control, which can lead to elevated furnace mouth temperatures, increased heat loss, and low thermal efficiency, resulting in deteriorating performance indicators and increased energy consumption. This elevated furnace mouth temperature significantly impacts production indicators, energy consumption, and equipment. Promptly identifying and adjusting these issues during daily operations can reduce energy consumption, effectively extend equipment lifecycles, and maintain long-term furnace stability. This contributes to improved performance indicators and reduced consumption, enabling companies to achieve optimal cost control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace, so as to solve the problems of high furnace mouth temperature, relatively low thermal efficiency and high energy consumption efficiency of the ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon blast furnace comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0007] The material ratio is calculated based on the quality of the raw fuel, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage, while ensuring the uniformity of the material batch and avoiding biased feeding operations;

[0008] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0009] When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. However, the maintenance time will be increased in the following situations:

[0010] (1) When a single electrode is partially ignited, increase the frequency of furnace tamping;

[0011] (2) When the three-phase electrode material is evenly deposited, extend the furnace tamping time after laying the material;

[0012] Methods for maintaining the material surface:

[0013] (1) When the spark at the electrode root is greater than normal and the secondary voltage is greater than 210V, the lower electrode is displaced, the voltage is increased and the secondary voltage is reduced;

[0014] (2) When the fire intensity at the electrode root is smaller than normal and the secondary voltage is less than 180V, reduce the electrode pressure and release while lifting the electrode displacement to increase the secondary voltage;

[0015] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0016] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0017] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0018] The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the time interval between pressing and releasing the electrode is controlled to be above 30min. The effective working end length of the electrode is judged as follows:

[0019] (1) When the three-phase electrode secondary current is 90KA-100KA, the power factor is 0.84-0.88 after low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is uniform, there is a 100-200mm residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.5-2.8m;

[0020] (2) The secondary current of the three-phase electrode is greater than 105KA, the power factor is greater than 0.95 after the low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is greater than normal, there is no residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 1.8-2m;

[0021] (3) The three-phase electrode current is 85KA-90KA, the power factor is 0.8-0.84 after low-voltage compensation, the fire in the furnace is smaller than normal, there is more than 200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.8-3.3m;

[0022] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0023] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0024] In order to further realize the present invention, the actual dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent in step 1 is increased by 5-10 kg when the ignition is large and the furnace mouth temperature reaches 550°C.

[0025] In order to further realize the present invention, during the distribution process described in step 2, ventilation holes are frequently pierced in the furnace to destroy the hardened area of ​​the material panel and increase material circulation. The piercing and tamping of the furnace are carried out in the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. The hot material is pushed to the bottom and the new material is added on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. The center material is filled to full to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0027] The present invention can significantly reduce the furnace mouth temperature. First, it can improve the smelting thermal efficiency. The unit consumption of ferrosilicon ore furnace smelting is higher than that of other alloy varieties. The required initial reduction temperature reaches above 1664°C, which fully utilizes the thermal efficiency, improves the reduction rate, and maintains the stability of the furnace condition. Second, lowering the furnace mouth temperature can effectively reduce the smelting power consumption. As most of the heat participates in the redox reaction, the furnace condition is stable and the production capacity is improved, the smelting power consumption is reduced, and the ferrosilicon energy consumption is further reduced. Third, the key equipment in the furnace is all cooled by circulating water. As the furnace mouth temperature decreases, the maintenance cycle is increased from 60 days to 75 days, reducing equipment damage and extending the smelting cycle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0029] A method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon blast furnace comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0031] The material ratio is calculated based on the quality of the raw fuel, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage. At the same time, the uniformity of the material batch is ensured to avoid uneven feeding operations. When the ignition is large and the furnace mouth temperature reaches 550°C, the carbon dosage is increased by 5-10kg;

[0032] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0033] When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. However, the maintenance time will be increased in the following situations:

[0034] (1) When a single electrode is partially ignited, increase the frequency of furnace tamping;

[0035] (2) When the three-phase electrode material is evenly deposited, extend the furnace tamping time after laying the material;

[0036] During the charging process, puncture holes in the furnace to break the hardened area of ​​the material surface and increase material circulation. When puncturing holes and tamping the furnace, follow the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. Push the hot material to the bottom and add the new material on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. Fill the center with full material to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0037] Methods for maintaining the material surface:

[0038] (1) When the spark at the electrode root is greater than normal and the secondary voltage is greater than 210V, the lower electrode is displaced, the voltage is increased and the secondary voltage is reduced;

[0039] (2) When the fire intensity at the electrode root is smaller than normal and the secondary voltage is less than 180V, reduce the electrode pressure and release while lifting the electrode displacement to increase the secondary voltage;

[0040] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0041] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0042] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0043] The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the time interval between pressing and releasing the electrode is controlled to be above 30min. The effective working end length of the electrode is judged as follows:

[0044] (1) When the three-phase electrode secondary current is 90KA-100KA, the power factor is 0.84-0.88 after low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is uniform, there is a 100-200mm residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.5-2.8m;

[0045] (2) The secondary current of the three-phase electrode is greater than 105KA, the power factor is greater than 0.95 after the low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is greater than normal, there is no residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 1.8-2m;

[0046] (3) The three-phase electrode current is 85KA-90KA, the power factor is 0.8-0.84 after low-voltage compensation, the fire in the furnace is smaller than normal, there is more than 200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.8-3.3m;

[0047] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0048] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0051] The material ratio is calculated according to the quality of the raw fuel feed, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage, the furnace mouth temperature is controlled at around 500°C, and the uniformity of the material batch is ensured to avoid biased feeding operations; 1000kg of silica is used as the benchmark batch, the theoretically calculated carbon content is 585kg, and the actual carbon content is controlled between 573-597kg.

[0052] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0053] When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes;

[0054] During the charging process, puncture holes in the furnace to break the hardened area of ​​the material surface and increase material circulation. When puncturing holes and tamping the furnace, follow the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. Push the hot material to the bottom and add the new material on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. Fill the center with full material to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0055] When the spark at the electrode root is greater than normal and the secondary voltage is greater than 210V, the lower electrode is displaced, the voltage is increased and the secondary voltage is reduced;

[0056] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0057] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0058] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0059] The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the electrode pressure and release time interval is controlled at more than 30 minutes, the three-phase electrode secondary current is 90KA-100KA, and the power factor is 0.84-0.88 after low-voltage compensation is turned on. The fire in the furnace is uniform, there is 100-200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.5-2.8m.

[0060] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0061] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0062] The daily output is more than 74 tons, the smelting power consumption is less than 8400kwh / t, the daily dust generation is less than 10 tons, and the silicon recovery rate is greater than 88.7%; the equipment service life is more than 75 days, and the production indicators are economically optimized.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0065] The material ratio is calculated according to the quality of the raw fuel feed, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage. The furnace mouth temperature exceeds 550°C to ensure the uniformity of the material batch and avoid biased feeding operations. 1000kg of silica is used as the benchmark batch, the theoretically calculated carbon content is 585kg, and the actual carbon content is controlled between 573-597kg.

[0066] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0067] When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. A single electrode should be locally punctured, and the frequency of furnace tamping should be increased to 30-32 times per 12-hour shift.

[0068] During the charging process, puncture holes in the furnace to break the hardened area of ​​the material surface and increase material circulation. When puncturing holes and tamping the furnace, follow the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. Push the hot material to the bottom and add the new material on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. Fill the center with full material to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0069] When the fire intensity at the electrode root is smaller than normal and the secondary voltage is less than 180V, reduce the electrode pressure and release while lifting the electrode displacement to increase the secondary voltage;

[0070] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0071] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0072] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0073] The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the electrode pressure and release time interval is controlled to be above 30min, the three-phase electrode secondary current is greater than 105KA, the power factor is greater than 0.95 after low-voltage compensation is turned on, the fire in the furnace is greater than normal, there is no residual electrode shell under the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 1.8-2m;

[0074] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0075] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0076] The daily output is less than 73 tons, the smelting power consumption is above 8450 kWh / t, the amount of dust generated is about 15 tons, and the silicon recovery rate is reduced to below 85%; the equipment service life is less than 75 days, and the economic efficiency of production indicators is slightly worse than that of Example 1.

[0077] Example 3:

[0078] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0079] The material ratio is calculated according to the quality of the raw fuel feed, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage, and the furnace mouth temperature is controlled at around 500°C. At the same time, the uniformity of the material batch is ensured to avoid biased feeding operations. 1000kg of silica is used as the benchmark batch, the theoretically calculated carbon content is 585kg, and the actual carbon content is controlled between 573-597kg.

[0080] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0081] When placing the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. The three-phase electrode should be evenly deposited. After placing the charge, the ramming time should be extended to 40 minutes.

[0082] During the charging process, puncture holes in the furnace to break the hardened area of ​​the material surface and increase material circulation. When puncturing holes and tamping the furnace, follow the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. Push the hot material to the bottom and add the new material on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. Fill the center with full material to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0083] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0084] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0085] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0086] The electrode working end is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the electrode pressure and release time interval is controlled at more than 30 minutes, the three-phase electrode current is 85KA-90KA, the power factor is 0.8-0.84 after low-voltage compensation, the fire in the furnace is smaller than normal, there is more than 200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.8-3.3m.

[0087] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0088] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0089] The daily output is less than 73.5 tons, the smelting power consumption is above 8420 kWh / t, the amount of dust generated is about 12 tons, and the silicon recovery rate is reduced to below 86%; the equipment service life is less than 75 days, and the economic efficiency of production indicators is slightly worse than that of Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example:

[0091] Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage:

[0092] The material ratio is calculated according to the quality of the raw fuel feed, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage, and the furnace mouth temperature is lower than 450°C to ensure the uniformity of the material batch and avoid biased feeding operations. 1000kg of silica is used as the benchmark batch, the theoretically calculated carbon content is 585kg, and the actual carbon content is controlled between 573-597kg.

[0093] Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace:

[0094] When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. However, the maintenance time will be increased in the following situations:

[0095] (1) When a single electrode is partially ignited, increase the frequency of furnace tamping;

[0096] (2) When the three-phase electrode material is evenly deposited, extend the furnace tamping time after laying the material;

[0097] During the charging process, puncture holes in the furnace to break the hardened area of ​​the material surface and increase material circulation. When puncturing holes and tamping the furnace, follow the order of sinking, adding and pushing the material. Push the hot material to the bottom and add the new material on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. Fill the center with full material to avoid empty burning in the center.

[0098] Methods for maintaining the material surface:

[0099] (1) When the spark at the electrode root is greater than normal and the secondary voltage is greater than 210V, the lower electrode is displaced, the voltage is increased and the secondary voltage is reduced;

[0100] (2) When the fire intensity at the electrode root is smaller than normal and the secondary voltage is less than 180V, reduce the electrode pressure and release while lifting the electrode displacement to increase the secondary voltage;

[0101] Step 3: Effective control of key parameters:

[0102] The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable;

[0103] Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge:

[0104] The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the time interval between pressing and releasing the electrode is controlled to be above 30min. The effective working end length of the electrode is judged as follows:

[0105] (1) When the three-phase electrode secondary current is 90KA-100KA, the power factor is 0.84-0.88 after low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is uniform, there is a 100-200mm residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.5-2.8m;

[0106] (2) The secondary current of the three-phase electrode is greater than 105KA, the power factor is greater than 0.95 after the low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is greater than normal, there is no residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 1.8-2m;

[0107] (3) The three-phase electrode current is 85KA-90KA, the power factor is 0.8-0.84 after low-voltage compensation, the fire in the furnace is smaller than normal, there is more than 200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.8-3.3m;

[0108] Step 5: Adjust the valve opening:

[0109] When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

[0110] The daily output is less than 72 tons, the smelting power consumption is above 8450kwh / t, the amount of dust generated is about 12 tons, and the silicon recovery rate is reduced to below 85%; the equipment service life is less than 75 days, and the production indicators are not very economical.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent dosage: The material ratio is calculated based on the quality of the raw fuel, and the theoretically calculated dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent is used as the benchmark. The actual dosage is controlled within ±2% of the theoretical dosage, while ensuring the uniformity of the material batch and avoiding biased feeding operations; Step 2: Maintenance of the material surface in the submerged arc furnace: When laying the charge, ensure that the charge is loose, free of lumps, and has uniform air permeability. Under normal circumstances, the charge surface maintenance should be controlled within 30 minutes. However, the maintenance time will be increased in the following situations: (1) When a single electrode is partially ignited, increase the frequency of furnace tamping; (2) When the three-phase electrode material is evenly deposited, extend the furnace tamping time after laying the material; Methods for maintaining the material surface: (1) When the spark at the electrode root is greater than normal and the secondary voltage is greater than 210V, the lower electrode is displaced, the voltage is increased and the secondary voltage is reduced; (2) When the fire intensity at the electrode root is smaller than normal and the secondary voltage is less than 180V, reduce the electrode pressure and release while lifting the electrode displacement to increase the secondary voltage; Step 3: Effective control of key parameters: The power density of the pole circle of 25MVA ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace is controlled at 2980-3050Kw / m 2 , the deviation between the electrode currents is controlled within 7%, achieving "three flat and one stable", that is, the transformer gear is stable, and the current, voltage and power factor are stable; Step 4: The working end of the electrode is buried in the charge: The working end of the electrode is deeply and steadily buried in the charge. When the surface temperature of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace reaches above 800℃, the time interval between pressing and releasing the electrode is controlled to be above 30min. The effective working end length of the electrode is judged as follows: (1) When the three-phase electrode secondary current is 90KA-100KA, the power factor is 0.84-0.88 after low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is uniform, there is a 100-200mm residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.5-2.8m; (2) The secondary current of the three-phase electrode is greater than 105KA, the power factor is greater than 0.95 after the low-voltage compensation is put into operation, the fire in the furnace is greater than normal, there is no residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 1.8-2m; (3) The three-phase electrode current is 85KA-90KA, the power factor is 0.8-0.84 after low-voltage compensation, the fire in the furnace is smaller than normal, there is more than 200mm of residual electrode shell at the bottom of the electrode pressure ring, and the effective working end length of the electrode is 2.8-3.3m; Step 5: Adjust the valve opening: When the operating load of the main dust removal fan reaches more than 90%, open the air mixing valve and adjust the valve opening to 10%-20%.

2. The method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein: The actual dosage of the carbonaceous reducing agent in step 1 is increased by 5-10 kg when the ignition is large and the furnace mouth temperature reaches 550°C.

3. The method for reducing the furnace mouth temperature of a ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein: During the process of laying the materials in step 2, air holes are frequently punched in the furnace to destroy the hardened area of ​​the material panel and increase material circulation. The punching and tamping of the furnace are carried out in the order of sinking, adding and pushing the materials. The hot materials are pushed to the bottom and the new materials are added on top to prevent the mixing of new and old materials. The center material is filled to full to avoid empty burning in the center.