An organic planting method for Abrus cantoniensis

Abstract

The present invention discloses an organic planting method for Abrus cantoniensis, comprising the following steps: Step 1, before planting Abrus cantoniensis, spraying native weed enzyme and high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the cultivation soil, with a spraying interval of 5 to 7 days. After spraying, plow and dig holes for planting, and dibble 3 to 5 Abrus cantoniensis seeds in each hole; Step 2, during the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis, spray high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the Abrus cantoniensis plants and rhizosphere every 1 to 2 months; Step 3, during the high-incidence season of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis, spray non-preferred weed enzyme on the Abrus cantoniensis plants and rhizosphere every 1 to 2 months. According to the growth characteristics of Abrus cantoniensis plants, the present invention utilizes the weed and biological waste resources in the planting area and production area of Abrus cantoniensis to prepare native weed enzyme, high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer, and non-preferred weed enzyme, which are used for the planting of Abrus cantoniensis before planting, during the planting process and in the high-incidence season of pests and diseases, and have good effects on preventing and controlling pests and diseases, activating the soil and promoting plant growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the cultivation of abrus herb. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic cultivation method for abrus herb. Background Art

[0002] Abrus herb is a large and commonly used variety included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and one of the "Ten Flavors in Guangxi". It is the whole plant of Abrus pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis, a plant of the genus Abrus in the legume family, and is mainly produced in Qinzhou, Yulin and other places in southern Guangxi. Abrus herb is a vine. During the planting process, if there is no climbing and traction, it will climb and grow densely on the ground. In the southern production areas, especially in the high-temperature, high-humidity and rainy seasons of summer and autumn, it is extremely easy to be infected with fungal diseases.

[0003] At present, due to the limited wild resources, the artificial cultivation of abrus herb is still the main way to ensure the demand for medicinal materials. According to the investigation, during the current artificial cultivation of abrus herb, there is a general reliance on the input of chemical products such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, with emphasis on high yields of medicinal materials, insufficient attention to the efficacy and quality of medicinal materials, and neglect of the sustainable development of the planting ecosystem. In the context of global health today, organic agriculture has been increasingly recognized worldwide for its ecological friendliness, sustainability, and the high quality and safety of organic products, and has become the trend of future agricultural and medicinal material planting development.

[0004] Based on the growth habits of the source plants of abrus herb, the formation law of medicinal substances, the climatic and environmental characteristics of the suitable production areas, and the common problems in the current conventional cultivation of abrus herb, through a series of planting experiments and verifications, the present invention summarizes and proposes an organic cultivation method for abrus herb. The present invention re-utilizes organic waste resources such as weeds and applies them to the abrus herb planting system, achieving double benefits of resource utilization and environmental protection, and at the same time can better solve the key problems such as weeds and fertilizers in the organic cultivation of abrus herb, significantly improving the yield and quality of abrus herb medicinal materials in the production areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

[0006] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an organic cultivation method for abrus herb, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Before planting abrus herb, spray the cultivation soil with native weed enzyme and high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer in sequence, with a spraying interval of 5-7 days. After spraying, plow and dig holes for planting, and dibble 3-5 abrus herb seeds in each hole;

[0008] Step 2: During the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis, spray a high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis plants every 1 - 2 months.

[0009] Step 3: During the high-incidence season of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis, spray a non-preferred weed enzyme on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis plants every 1 - 2 months.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the native weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0011] Collect the native weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area to obtain a native weed mixture, wherein the native weed mixture includes all or a combination of several species of Urena lobata, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Scoparia dulcis, Artemisia japonica, Bidens pilosa, Rottboellia exaltata, Themeda caudata, Saccharum spontaneum, Bolboschoenus yagara, Lepidium virginicum, Cirsium arvense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Commelina diffusa, Youngia japonica, and Mimosa sepiaria.

[0012] Mix 10 - 20 parts by weight of the native weed mixture, 3 - 7 parts of molasses liquid, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of EM bacteria powder, and 30 - 70 parts of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the native weed enzyme stock solution.

[0013] Dilute the native weed enzyme stock solution with water to 100 - 300 times to obtain the native weed enzyme.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0015] Collect organic waste, wherein the organic waste includes plant waste, fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and daily life.

[0016] Mix 20 - 30 parts by weight of the organic waste, 8 - 15 parts of cooked soybeans, 0.2 - 1 part of natural phosphate rock powder, 0.2 - 1 part of natural potassium ore powder, 0.2 - 0.5 part of oyster crab shell powder, 8 - 10 parts of molasses liquid, 80 - 100 parts of water, and 0.5 - 1 part of EM bacteria powder evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution.

[0017] Dilute the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution with water to 100 - 300 times to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method of the non-preferred weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0019] Investigate the non-preferred weed species in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area, and collect non-preferred weeds in the production area to obtain a non-preferred weed mixture, wherein the non-preferred weed mixture includes all or a combination of several species of Bidens pilosa, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Cirsium arvense, Saccharum spontaneum, Mimosa sepiaria, and Commelina diffusa.

[0020] Mix 10 - 20 parts of non - preferred weed mixture, 3 - 7 parts of molasses liquid, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of EM bacteria powder, and 30 - 70 parts of water by weight, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the original non - preferred weed enzyme stock solution;

[0021] Add water to dilute the original non - preferred weed enzyme stock solution to 100 - 300 times to obtain the non - preferred weed enzyme.

[0022] Preferably, the preparation method of the original weed mixture is as follows:

[0023] Collect the above - ground and underground parts of fresh original weeds, wash them, and cut them into original weed segments with a length of 3 - 5 cm to obtain the original weed mixture.

[0024] Preferably, the preparation method of the non - preferred weed mixture is as follows:

[0025] Collect the above - ground and underground parts of fresh non - preferred weeds, wash them, and cut them into non - preferred weed segments with a length of 3 - 5 cm to obtain the non - preferred weed mixture.

[0026] Preferably, the treatment method of the cooked soybeans is: soak and cook the soybeans in water until they are thoroughly cooked to obtain cooked soybeans.

[0027] Preferably, the natural phosphate rock powder, the natural potassium ore powder, and the oyster crab shell powder are sieved through 100 - 200 meshes.

[0028] Preferably, the preparation method of the organic waste is as follows:

[0029] Collect the plant wastes, fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and daily life, and cut them into waste segments with a length of 3 - 5 cm to obtain the organic waste.

[0030] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] First, the present invention makes full use of the original weeds to prepare the original weed enzyme. Spraying the original weed enzyme on the planting soil before planting can activate the beneficial microorganisms in the soil, maintain the soil health, and have a certain effect of fertilizing the field.

[0032] Second, the present invention uses a non - preferred weed enzyme solution obtained by mixing and fermenting non - preferred weeds, molasses liquid, and EM bacteria powder. The non - preferred weeds include the weeds that are not invaded or damaged by pests and diseases during the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis. Making the non - preferred weeds into enzyme and spraying it on the leaf surface and the root - base soil of the plants during the high - incidence season of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis can play the antagonistic and biological inhibitory effects of the non - preferred weed enzyme on the pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis, and realize the organic prevention and control of pests and diseases in the planting ecosystem.

[0033] Thirdly, according to the growth characteristics of Abrus cantoniensis Hance and its preference for nutrient elements, the present invention rationally proportionally utilizes various organic waste materials and natural substances rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as substances rich in trace elements (oyster crab shell powder) in agricultural production and life, and anaerobically ferments them to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer suitable for Abrus cantoniensis Hance, which can ensure the nutritional fertility requirements of Abrus cantoniensis Hance and increase the yield of medicinal materials.

[0034] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the text of the specification.

[0036] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following implementation schemes are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0037] The following examples, comparative examples, control groups, and blank groups were all carried out in the Abrus cantoniensis Hance organic planting demonstration base in Shitang Town, Lingshan County, Qinzhou City (22°58′N, 109°51′E), with gentle slope mountain land, the soil type being lateritic red soil, the climate type being subtropical monsoon climate, the annual rainfall being 1670 mm, and the annual average temperature being 21.2°C. Abrus cantoniensis Hance was planted in the reclaimed land in February 2022, planted in ridges and dug holes, the ridge width was 1.5 m, the hole spacing was 30 cm, 3000 holes were planted per mu, and the harvest was carried out in December 2022.

[0038] <Example 1>

[0039] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance includes:

[0040] Step 1: Before planting Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the original weed enzyme and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the cultivated soil in sequence, with a spraying interval of 5 days. After spraying, plow and dig holes for planting, and dibble 3 Abrus cantoniensis Hance seeds in each hole;

[0041] Step 2: During the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and the root soil of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every 2 months;

[0042] Step 3: During the high-incidence season of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis Hance (from May to September), spray the non-preferred weed enzyme on the leaf surface and the root soil of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every month.

[0043] The preparation method of the original weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0044] Collect the native weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area to obtain a native weed mixture, wherein the native weed mixture includes Urena lobata, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Scoparia dulcis, Artemisia japonica, Bidens pilosa, Rottboellia exaltata, Themeda caudata, Saccharum spontaneum, Bolboschoenus yagara, Lepidium virginicum, Cirsium arvense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Commelina diffusa, Youngia japonica, Mimosa sepiaria;

[0045] Mix 15 kg of the native weed mixture, 5 kg of molasses liquid, 0.2 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 50 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the original native weed enzyme solution;

[0046] Add water to the original native weed enzyme solution and dilute it to 200 times to obtain the native weed enzyme.

[0047] The preparation method of the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0048] Collect organic waste, wherein the organic waste includes plant waste (corn stalks, rice straw, soybean stalks, pea stalks), fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and life;

[0049] Mix 20 kg of organic waste, 8 kg of cooked soybeans, 0.3 kg of natural phosphate rock powder, 0.3 kg of natural potassium ore powder, 0.3 kg of oyster powder, 8 kg of molasses liquid, 80 kg of water, and 2 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g) evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer;

[0050] Add water to the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer and dilute it to 100 - 300 times to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer;

[0051] Among them, before planting Abrus cantoniensis (February 2022), the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is diluted to 100 times;

[0052] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the germination period (March - April 2022), the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is diluted to 200 times;

[0053] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the vigorous growth period (May - September 2022), the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is diluted to 100 times;

[0054] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the flowering and fruiting period (October - November 2022), the original high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is diluted to 300 times.

[0055] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0056] Investigate the non-preferred weed species in the Abrus cantoniensis Hance planting area, collect non-preferred weeds in the production area to obtain a non-preferred weed mixture. Among them, the non-preferred weed mixture includes Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron acer L., Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker, Cirsium maackii Maxim., Erianthus fulvus (Nees) Hack., Mimosa sepiaria Benth., and Commelina diffusa Burm. f.

[0057] Mix 10 kg of the non-preferred weed mixture, 3 kg of molasses liquid, 0.2 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 30 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the original non-preferred weed enzyme solution.

[0058] Dilute the original non-preferred weed enzyme solution with water to 200 times to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme.

[0059] The preparation method of the original weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of fresh original weeds, wash them, and cut them into original weed segments with a length of 3 cm to obtain the original weed mixture.

[0060] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of non-preferred weeds, wash them, and cut them into non-preferred weed segments with a length of 3 cm to obtain the non-preferred weed mixture.

[0061] The treatment method of the cooked soybeans is: soak the soybeans in water and then cook them until they are cooked through to obtain cooked soybeans.

[0062] The natural phosphate rock powder, the natural potassium ore powder, and the oyster crab shell powder are sieved through a 100-mesh sieve.

[0063] The preparation method of the organic waste is:

[0064] Collect plant wastes (corn stalks, rice straw, soybean stalks, pea stalks) in agricultural production, fruit residues and vegetable residues generated in life, and cut them into waste segments with a length of 3 cm to obtain organic waste.

[0065] <Example 2>

[0066] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance includes:

[0067] Step 1: Before planting Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the original weed enzyme and the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the cultivation soil in sequence, with a spraying interval of 5 days. After spraying, plow and dig holes for planting, and sow 3 Abrus cantoniensis Hance seeds in each hole.

[0068] Step 2: During the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every 2 months.

[0069] Step 3: During the high-incidence season of Abrus cantoniensis Hance diseases and pests (from May to September), spray the non-preferred weed enzyme on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every month.

[0070] The preparation method of the native weed enzyme comprises the following steps:

[0071] Collect the native weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area to obtain a native weed mixture, wherein the native weed mixture includes Urena lobata, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Scoparia dulcis, Artemisia japonica, Bidens pilosa, Rottboellia exaltata, Themeda caudata, Saccharum spontaneum, Bolboschoenus yagara, Lepidium virginicum, Cirsium arvense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Commelina diffusa, Youngia japonica, Mimosa sepiaria;

[0072] Mix 15 kg of the native weed mixture, 4 kg of molasses liquid, 0.3 kg of EM bacteria powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 40 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the native weed enzyme stock solution;

[0073] Add water to the native weed enzyme stock solution to dilute it to 150 times to obtain the native weed enzyme.

[0074] The preparation method of the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0075] Collect organic waste, wherein the organic waste includes plant waste (corn stalks, rice straw, soybean stalks, pea stalks), fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and life;

[0076] Mix 25 kg of organic waste, 8 kg of cooked soybeans, 0.4 kg of natural phosphate rock powder, 0.4 kg of natural potassium ore powder, 0.4 kg of oyster powder, 9 kg of molasses liquid, 90 kg of water, and 1 kg of EM bacteria powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g) evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 4 months to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution;

[0077] Add water to the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution to dilute it to 100 - 300 times to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer;

[0078] Among them, before planting Abrus cantoniensis (in February 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 100 times;

[0079] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the germination period (from March 2022 to April 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 200 times;

[0080] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the vigorous growth period (from May 2022 to September 2022) and before planting Abrus cantoniensis, the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 100 times;

[0081] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the flowering and fruiting period (from October 2022 to November 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 300 times.

[0082] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed enzyme comprises the following steps:

[0083] Investigate the non-preferred weed species in the Abrus cantoniensis Hance planting area, collect non-preferred weeds in the production area to obtain a non-preferred weed mixture. Among them, the non-preferred weed mixture includes Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron acer L., Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker, Cirsium maackii Maxim., Erianthus fulvus (Nees) Hack., Mimosa sepiaria Benth., and Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne.

[0084] Mix 15 kg of the non-preferred weed mixture, 4 kg of molasses solution, 0.3 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 40 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the original non-preferred weed enzyme solution.

[0085] Dilute the original non-preferred weed enzyme solution with water to 150 times to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme.

[0086] The preparation method of the original weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of fresh original weeds, wash them, and cut them into original weed segments with a length of 4 cm to obtain the original weed mixture.

[0087] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of non-preferred weeds, wash them, and cut them into non-preferred weed segments with a length of 4 cm to obtain the non-preferred weed mixture.

[0088] The treatment method of the cooked soybeans is: soak the soybeans in water and then cook them until they are cooked through to obtain cooked soybeans.

[0089] The natural phosphate rock powder, the natural potassium ore powder, and the oyster crab shell powder are sieved through a 150-mesh sieve.

[0090] The treatment method of the organic waste is:

[0091] Collect plant wastes (corn stalks, rice straws, soybean stalks, pea stalks) in agricultural production, fruit residues and vegetable residues generated in life, and cut them into waste segments with a length of 4 cm to obtain organic waste.

[0092] <Example 3>

[0093] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance includes:

[0094] Step 1: Before planting Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the original weed enzyme and the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the cultivation soil in sequence, with a spraying interval of 5 days. After spraying, plow and dig holes for planting, and sow 3 Abrus cantoniensis Hance seeds in each hole.

[0095] Step 2: During the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, spray the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and the root soil of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every 2 months.

[0096] Step 3: During the high-incidence season of Abrus cantoniensis Hance diseases and pests (from May to September), spray the non-preferred weed enzyme on the leaf surface and the root soil of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants every month.

[0097] The preparation method of the native weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0098] Collect the native weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area to obtain a native weed mixture, wherein the native weed mixture includes Urena lobata, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Scoparia dulcis, Artemisia japonica, Bidens pilosa, Rottboellia exaltata, Themeda caudata, Saccharum spontaneum, Bolboschoenus yagara, Lepidium virginicum, Cirsium arvense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Commelina diffusa, Youngia japonica, Mimosa sepiaria;

[0099] Mix 20 kg of the native weed mixture, 6 kg of molasses liquid, 0.5 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 60 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the native weed enzyme stock solution;

[0100] Add water to dilute the native weed enzyme stock solution to 100 times to obtain the native weed enzyme.

[0101] The preparation method of the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0102] Collect organic waste, wherein the organic waste includes plant waste (corn stalks, rice straw, soybean stalks, pea stalks), fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and life;

[0103] Mix 30 kg of organic waste, 10 kg of cooked soybeans, 0.4 kg of natural phosphate rock powder, 0.4 kg of natural potassium ore powder, 0.4 kg of oyster powder, 10 kg of molasses liquid, 100 kg of water, and 1 kg of EM bacterial powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g) evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 5 months to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution;

[0104] Add water to dilute the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution to 100 - 300 times to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer;

[0105] Among them, before the planting of Abrus cantoniensis (February 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 100 times;

[0106] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the germination period (March - April 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 200 times;

[0107] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the vigorous growth period (May - September 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 100 times;

[0108] When Abrus cantoniensis is in the flowering and fruiting period (October - November 2022), the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution is correspondingly diluted to 300 times.

[0109] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed enzyme includes the following steps:

[0110] Investigate the types of non-preferred weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area, collect non-preferred weeds in the production area to obtain a non-preferred weed mixture. Among them, the non-preferred weed mixture includes Bidens pilosa, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Cirsium arvense, Saccharum spontaneum, Mimosa bimucronata, and Rotala indica.

[0111] Mix 20 kg of the non-preferred weed mixture, 6 kg of molasses solution, 0.5 kg of EM bacteria powder (the viable bacteria count is 100 billion / g), and 60 kg of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 months to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution.

[0112] Dilute the non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution with water to 100 times to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme.

[0113] The preparation method of the native weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of fresh native weeds, wash them, and cut them into native weed segments with a length of 5 cm to obtain the native weed mixture.

[0114] The preparation method of the non-preferred weed mixture is: collect the above-ground and underground parts of non-preferred weeds, wash them, and cut them into non-preferred weed segments with a length of 5 cm to obtain the non-preferred weed mixture.

[0115] The treatment method of the cooked soybeans is: soak the soybeans in water and then steam them until cooked to obtain the cooked soybeans.

[0116] The natural phosphate rock powder, the natural potassium ore powder, and the oyster crab shell powder are sieved through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0117] The preparation method of the organic waste is:

[0118] Collect plant wastes (corn stalks, rice straws, soybean stalks, pea stalks) in agricultural production, fruit residues and vegetable residues generated in life, and cut them into waste segments with a length of 5 cm to obtain the organic waste.

[0119] <Component Content Detection of Native Weed Enzyme, High-Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Organic Liquid Fertilizer and Non-Preferred Weed Enzyme>

[0120] The native weed enzyme, high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer, and non-preferred weed enzyme are all products of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. The main difference lies in the different organic matters used (i.e., native weeds, non-preferred weeds, various organic matter ratio combinations, etc.). Weigh 1L each of the native weed enzyme stock solution, non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution prepared according to Examples 1-3, and measure their pH, organic matter, effective viable count, and total nutrients respectively. Among them, the pH is measured for the 1:200 dilution solution using a pH meter, the organic matter content is measured by the potassium dichromate volumetric method, the effective viable count (CFU) is measured by the plate counting method, and the total nutrients are the sum of the contents of total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P2O5), and total potassium (K2O), and are measured according to the methods specified in NY / T 2542, NY / T 2541, and NY / T 2540 respectively. The content of the index components of the native weed enzyme stock solution, non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution in Examples 1-3 is shown in Table 1:

[0121] Table 1 Content of Index Components of Native Weed Enzyme Stock Solution, Non-Preferred Weed Enzyme Stock Solution, and High-Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Organic Liquid Fertilizer Stock Solution

[0122]

[0123] Note: The above values are the average values of the content of each index component in Examples 1-3, and the values in parentheses are the standard deviations of different examples.

[0124] According to the data in Table 1, the native weed enzyme stock solution, non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution prepared in Examples 1-3 all have high contents of organic matter, effective viable count, and nutrient content. Among them, the native weed enzyme stock solution and non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution have higher organic matter content, and the organic matter content of the native weed enzyme stock solution is the highest (220.5 g / L), and the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution has the highest total nutrient content (268.8 g / L). The 1:200 dilutions of the native weed enzyme stock solution, high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution, and non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution prepared in Examples 1-3 are all slightly acidic and are suitable for the growth of Abrus cantoniensis Hance.

[0125] <Soil Test>

[0126] Plant Abrus cantoniensis Hance in Qinzhou City from February to December 2022 according to the planting methods of Abrus cantoniensis Hance in Examples 1-3 and conduct soil tests.

[0127] Taking the planting with conventional chemical pesticides as the control group, carbendazim and jinggangmycin are used for pest and disease control in the control group, and compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:15) is used for fertilizers, with a fertilization amount of 100 kg per mu.

[0128] The group without any pest control measures and fertilizer measures was used as the blank group.

[0129] The planting area of each group was 1 mu. Before the planting of Abrus cantoniensis (in February 2022) and after the harvest of the medicinal materials (in December 2022), the planting soil 20 cm below the ground surface of each group was sampled using the random five-point sampling method to detect the soil acidity (pH) and soil organic matter. Among them, the soil acidity was determined by the potentiometric method; the soil organic matter (on a dry basis) was determined by the dichromate volumetric method, as follows: The soil test results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0130] Table 2 Changes in the planting soil of Abrus cantoniensis under different planting treatments

[0131]

[0132] According to the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the soil acidity and organic matter content of the planting soil of Abrus cantoniensis treated by Examples 1-3 have been improved and enhanced to a certain extent compared with the blank group and the control group. The change in soil acidity in Example 3 was the largest, with the pH value increasing by 0.71, and the soil organic matter content increasing by 68%. The soil organic matter was relatively rich; the soil acidity of the control group decreased, with the pH value dropping from 4.65 to 4.22, and the soil organic matter content decreasing by 17%. Long-term use of chemical fertilizers is an important cause of soil acidification. Natural soil acidification is a very slow process, while the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers by humans will lead to the rapid development of soil acidification. Generally, in neutral or slightly acidic soils, the absorption rate of soil nutrients is large, and the soil gradually becomes acidic, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the soil and the planting system. Therefore, the soil treated by Examples 1-3 improved its acidity due to the native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer, and increased its absorption capacity for the organic matter in the native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer.

[0133] <Comparative Example 1>

[0134] A method for planting Abrus cantoniensis, which is different from Example 3 in that during the planting process, non-preferred weed enzyme and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer are not sprayed, and other planting measures are the same as those in Example 3.

[0135] <Comparative Example 2>

[0136] A method for planting Abrus cantoniensis, which is different from Example 3 in that during the planting process, only non-preferred weed enzyme is sprayed, and other planting measures are the same as those in Example 3.

[0137] <Comparative Example 3>

[0138] A method for planting Abrus cantoniensis, which is different from Example 3 in that during the planting process, only high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is sprayed, and other planting measures are the same as those in Example 3.

[0139] <Comparative Example 4>

[0140] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance is different from that of Example 3 in that only the native weed enzyme is sprayed before and during the planting of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, and other planting measures are the same as those of Example 3.

[0141] <Comparative Example 5>

[0142] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance is different from that of Example 3 in that only the non-preferred weed enzyme is sprayed before and during the planting of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, and other planting measures are the same as those of Example 3.

[0143] <Comparative Example 6>

[0144] The planting method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance is different from that of Example 3 in that only the high-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic liquid fertilizer is sprayed before and during the planting of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, and other planting measures are the same as those of Example 3.

[0145] <Pest and disease control test>

[0146] Plant Abrus cantoniensis Hance according to the planting methods of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 in Qinzhou City from February to December 2022 and conduct pest and disease control tests.

[0147] Taking the planting with conventional chemical pesticides as the control group, carbendazim and jinggangmycin are used for pest and disease control in the control group, and compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:15) is used as the fertilizer, with a fertilization amount of 100 kg per mu.

[0148] Taking no pest and disease control measures and fertilizer measures as the blank group.

[0149] For Example 3 of the planting of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, Comparative Examples 1-6, the control group, and the blank group, the planting area is 1 mu each. During the high-incidence period of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis Hance (from May to September 2022), 3 sample plots of 10m * 10m are randomly set in Example 3, Comparative Examples 1-6, the control group, and the blank group every month to observe and record the occurrence of pests and diseases under different planting methods. After sampling the diseased plants, they are preserved in liquid nitrogen and taken back to the laboratory for identifying the types of pathogens. After detection, the main types of pathogens are leaf spot, sheath blight, and anthracnose, and the main field pests are bean greenworms, scale insects, and armyworms.

[0150] The formula for calculating the disease rate is: Disease rate (%) = Number of diseased plants damaged by diseases ÷ Total number of plants in the sample plot,

[0151] The formula for calculating the disease control rate is:

[0152] The formula for calculating the pest rate is: Pest rate (%) = Number of plants damaged by pests ÷ Total number of plants in the sample plot;

[0153] The calculation formula for the pest control rate is as follows:

[0154] For the disease rate, disease control rate, pest rate, and pest control rate, the average values of 3 quadrats are taken. The occurrence and control of diseases and pests are shown in Table 3 below:

[0155] Table 3 Occurrence of Diseases and Pests of Abrus cantoniensis under Different Planting Treatments

[0156] Disease rate (%) Disease prevention rate (%) Pest rate (%) Pest prevention rate (%) Example 3 22.4 66.3 18.5 68.3 Comparative Example 1 31.8 52.1 30.5 47.8 Comparative Example 2 28.7 56.8 26.7 54.3 Comparative Example 3 49.5 25.5 43.0 26.4 Comparative Example 4 38.6 41.4 34.3 41.3 Comparative Example 5 36.5 45.0 25.5 56.3 Comparative Example 6 41.8 37.0 32.7 44.0 Control group 54.7 17.6 49.8 14.7 Blank group 66.4 —— 58.4 ——

[0157] According to the data in Table 3, it can be seen that for the Abrus cantoniensis planted in Comparative Examples 1 - 6, compared with the blank group and the control group, the incidence rates of diseases and pests have both decreased significantly. This shows that whether it is the single effect or the synergistic effect of two of them among the native weed enzyme, non - preferred weed enzyme, and high - nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium organic liquid fertilizer in Comparative Examples 1 - 6 can effectively control diseases and pests, and the control effect is superior to that of the Abrus cantoniensis planting area where the control group uses chemical pesticides;

[0158] In Example 3, compared with Comparative Examples 1 - 6, the control effect of diseases and pests has been significantly improved, indicating that the synergistic effect of the native weed enzyme, non - preferred weed enzyme, and high - nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium organic liquid fertilizer is better than the single or two - component spraying effect. Further, there are differences in the single or mixed use of the non - preferred weed enzyme in the prevention and control of diseases and pests. For the groups using the non - preferred weed enzyme compared with the groups not using it, the disease rate and pest rate have both decreased, and the disease and pest control rates are better. Therefore, the prepared non - preferred enzyme shows relatively prominent disease and pest prevention and control capabilities when applied to the planting of Abrus cantoniensis.

[0159] <Yield and Quality Testing>

[0160] According to the planting methods of Abrus cantoniensis in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 6, from February 2022 to December 2022, Abrus cantoniensis was planted in Qinzhou City and yield and quality tests were carried out.

[0161] Taking the planting with conventional chemical pesticides as the control group, for the control of diseases and pests in the control group, carbendazim and jinggangmycin are used, and compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:15) is used as the fertilizer, with a fertilization amount of 100 kg per mu.

[0162] Taking the group without any disease and pest control measures and fertilizer measures as the blank group.

[0163] Example 3 of Abrus cantoniensis Hance cultivation, Comparative Examples 1-6, control group, and blank group, with a planting area of 1 mu each. When harvesting the medicinal materials in December 2022, 10 plants of medicinal materials were randomly selected from the fields of Example 3, Comparative Examples 1-6, control group, and blank group, dug out with roots, and the plant weight (fresh), mu yield (dry weight), alcohol-soluble extract content, heavy metal content of the medicinal materials, and pesticide residue content of Abrus cantoniensis Hance under different planting treatments were measured. Among them, the plant weight is the fresh weight of the whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis Hance; the mu yield is the dry weight of the medicinal materials of Abrus cantoniensis Hance after being dug out and dried in different groups; the alcohol-soluble extract content in the aboveground part is determined by the hot extraction method under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method (Appendix XA) in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and dilute ethanol is used as the solvent; the heavy metal content and pesticide residue content of the medicinal materials are detected and judged according to the detection methods specified in the WM / T2-2004 Green Industry Standard for Medicinal Plants and Preparations in Foreign Economic and Trade: the limit standards for the contents of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and copper (Cu) are 5 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 0.2 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, and 20 mg / kg; the total heavy metal content ≤ 20 mg / kg; hexachlorocyclohexane ≤ 0.1 mg / kg, DDT ≤ 0.1 mg / kg, quintozene ≤ 0.1 mg / kg, aldrin ≤ 0.02 mg / kg. The yield and quality data of Abrus cantoniensis Hance medicinal materials in different groups are shown in Table 4 below:

[0164] Table 4 Yield and quality differences of Abrus cantoniensis Hance medicinal materials under different planting treatments

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] According to the data in Table 4, it can be seen that the Abrus cantoniensis Hance cultivated in Comparative Examples 1-6 has an increase in the average plant weight, mu yield, and extract content compared with the blank group and the control group, indicating that the use of native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and organic liquid fertilizer in Comparative Examples 1-6, whether acting alone or in combination of two of them, can effectively promote the growth of Abrus cantoniensis Hance and the improvement of the extract content, and the promotion effect is better than that of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance planting area in the control group using chemical drugs to control pests and diseases. Among them, the heavy metal cadmium in the Abrus cantoniensis Hance medicinal materials planted in the control group using chemical drugs to control pests and diseases exceeded the standard, and the specific data was 2.03 mg / kg;

[0168] Compared with Comparative Examples 1-6, Example 3 showed significant increases in plant height, average weight per plant, yield, and extract content. This indicates that the rational application of native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer in Abrus cantoniensis Hance cultivation can not only give full play to the biological regulation and inhibition effects of native weed enzyme and non-preferred weed enzyme on soil microorganisms, pests, and diseases, but also ensure the nutritional fertility requirements of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, promote the growth of Abrus cantoniensis Hance plants, and improve its yield and quality. Although the single or mixed use of native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer can improve yield and quality, the effect is not as good as the cultivation method in Example 3.

[0169] Native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer are all products of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. Through the detection of the content of indicator components, it can be seen that all three have a certain organic matter content and are rich in microorganisms. When applied to the planting system, they all have a certain effect of improving soil fertility, activating soil microorganisms, and promoting crop growth. This is the common effect of native weed enzyme, non-preferred weed enzyme, and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer. Their differential effects are mainly due to the different types and ratios of organic matter, resulting in different performances in the crop planting system. From the pest control test and the yield and quality test of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, it can be seen that native weed enzyme has a better effect of activating soil microorganisms, indirectly affecting the health of the crop ecosystem and the growth quality of organisms, etc.; non-preferred weed enzyme, because it mainly uses the special substances of non-preferred weeds that are not damaged by pests and diseases, is anaerobically fermented into a form that is easily utilized by the crop ecosystem and crops, thereby obtaining the effect of antagonizing pests and diseases; high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer meets the comprehensive supply demand of the crop ecosystem for nutrient elements by reasonably adding natural organic substances rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and oyster crab shell powder rich in various trace elements. The above three different products of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter can achieve a certain effect of activating the planting soil, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, and improving the yield and quality of Abrus cantoniensis Hance when they are used in combination with each other or one or two of them are applied in the early stage and each period of the cultivation process of Abrus cantoniensis Hance.

[0170] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the embodiments shown and described here.

Claims

1. An organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Before planting Abrus cantoniensis, spray the cultivated soil with native weed enzyme and high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer in sequence, with a spraying interval of 5 - 7 days. After spraying, plow the soil and dig holes for planting. Sow 3 - 5 Abrus cantoniensis seeds in each hole. The preparation method of the native weed enzyme includes the following steps: Collect the native weeds in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area to obtain a native weed mixture. Among them, the native weed mixture includes all or several combinations of Urena lobata, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Scoparia dulcis, Artemisia japonica, Bidens pilosa, Rottboellia exaltata, Themeda caudata, Saccharum spontaneum, Bolboschoenus yagara, Lepidium virginicum, Cirsium maackii, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Commelina diffusa, Youngia japonica, Mimosa sepiaria; Mix 10 - 20 parts by weight of the native weed mixture, 3 - 7 parts of molasses liquid, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of EM bacteria powder, and 30 - 70 parts of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the native weed enzyme stock solution; Dilute the native weed enzyme stock solution with water to 100 - 300 times to obtain the native weed enzyme; The preparation method of the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps: Collect organic waste, where the organic waste includes plant waste, fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and daily life; Mix 20 - 30 parts by weight of organic waste, 8 - 15 parts of cooked soybeans, 0.2 - 1 part of natural phosphate rock powder, 0.2 - 1 part of natural potassium ore powder, 0.2 - 0.5 part of oyster crab shell powder, 8 - 10 parts of molasses liquid, 80 - 100 parts of water, and 0.5 - 1 part of EM bacteria powder evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution; Dilute the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer stock solution with water to 100 - 300 times to obtain the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer; Step 2: During the planting process of Abrus cantoniensis, spray the high-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium organic liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis plant every 1 - 2 months; Step 3: During the high-incidence season of pests and diseases of Abrus cantoniensis, spray the non-preferred weed enzyme on the leaf surface and the soil at the root of the Abrus cantoniensis plant every 1 - 2 months. The preparation method of the non-preferred weed enzyme includes the following steps: Investigate the non-preferred weed species in the Abrus cantoniensis planting area, and collect non-preferred weeds in the production area to obtain a non-preferred weed mixture. Among them, the non-preferred weed mixture includes all or several combinations of Bidens pilosa, Erigeron acer, Conyza sumatrensis, Cirsium maackii, Saccharum spontaneum, Mimosa sepiaria, Commelina diffusa; Mix 10 - 20 parts by weight of the non-preferred weed mixture, 3 - 7 parts of molasses liquid, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of EM bacteria powder, and 30 - 70 parts of water evenly, and anaerobically ferment for 3 - 5 months to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution; Dilute the non-preferred weed enzyme stock solution with water to 100 - 300 times to obtain the non-preferred weed enzyme.

2. The organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the native weed mixture is: Collect the above-ground and underground parts of fresh native weeds, wash them, and cut them into native weed segments with a length of 3 - 5 cm to obtain the native weed mixture.

3. The organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the non-preferred weed mixture is: Collect the above-ground and underground parts of fresh non-preferred weeds, wash them, and cut them into non-preferred weed segments with a length of 3 - 5 cm to obtain the non-preferred weed mixture.

4. The organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment method of the cooked soybeans is as follows: soak the soybeans in water and cook until thoroughly cooked to obtain cooked soybeans.

5. The organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The natural phosphate rock powder, the natural potassium ore powder, and the oyster crab shell powder are sieved through a 100-200 mesh sieve.

6. The organic cultivation method for Abrus cantoniensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the organic waste is as follows: Collect plant waste, fruit residues, and vegetable residues generated in agricultural production and life, and cut them into waste segments of 3-5 cm to obtain organic waste.

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