A kind of weak expansion rock-soil area high-speed railway subgrade expansion and contraction deformation measuring device

Abstract

This invention discloses a device for measuring the swelling and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in weakly expansive rock and soil areas. While various methods exist for measuring the swelling and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrades, obtaining accurate measurements of the deformation is challenging. In this invention, a bedrock-fixed connecting rod is fixed to the underlying bedrock at the measurement point; a deformation mapping cylinder is fitted over the bedrock-fixed connecting rod, mapping the minute swelling and contraction deformations deep within the weakly expansive rock and soil to the measuring end of the deformation mapping cylinder on the surface; the ultra-high precision deformation measurement system consists of a reference measuring cylinder with a scale and a deformation measuring cylinder. The reference measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bedrock-fixed connecting rod, and the deformation measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the deformation mapping cylinder; the intelligent deformation recording system adaptively records the minute deformations of the weakly expansive rock and soil based on the deformation rate of the underlying expansive rock and soil at the measurement point. This invention solves the problem of low accuracy in soil deformation measurement in weakly expansive rock and soil areas, and is simple in structure and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of roadbed deformation measurement technology, specifically relating to a device for measuring the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway roadbeds in weakly expansive rock and soil areas. Background Technology

[0002] Expansive soil is widely distributed in my country, existing in many provinces and cities. Its engineering properties make it highly susceptible to external environmental factors (changes in ground temperature, groundwater level, and soil moisture), causing volume changes and leading to expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrades. Furthermore, the types and degrees of engineering problems caused by expansive soil vary greatly, significantly increasing the difficulty of engineering construction. The development of fissures within the soil mass is irregular, making it difficult to assess their impact on the shape and size of pores and particle arrangement. The impact of fissures caused by stress release from overconsolidation on the structure of expansive soil also differs. The strength reduction of expansive soil after water absorption or disturbance varies depending on its expansion properties and initial moisture content. The impact of weathering on the structure of expansive soil also varies depending on the soil depth. All these factors contribute to the different swelling and contraction properties of expansive soil, increasing the difficulty of its research.

[0003] Due to the large spatial span of railway construction, the swelling and shrinkage deformation of expansive soil can exacerbate track irregularities, leading to various defects in the railway subgrade and affecting the normal operation of high-speed railways. The presence of expansive soil not only consumes significant manpower and resources during the maintenance phase of railway construction but also seriously impacts railway traffic safety. Therefore, to address the series of engineering problems caused by the swelling and shrinkage deformation of weakly expansive soil, it is necessary to conduct in-depth experimental research on the swelling and shrinkage properties of weakly expansive soil and rock, and to elucidate its swelling and deformation patterns to guide railway construction.

[0004] Currently, there are various methods for measuring the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrades, including the total station method, the surveying vehicle method, the static measurement method, and the dynamic measurement method. Among them, the total station method is a commonly used method. It involves measuring various points on the subgrade with a total station to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate information of the subgrade, and then calculating the deformation. However, due to the limitations of the total station's accuracy and the influence of environmental factors, this method has limited precision and cannot meet the accuracy requirements of high-speed railways. Moreover, the expansion deformation of weakly expansive soils is relatively small, making it difficult to measure the accurate expansion deformation. More precise measuring devices are needed for more accurate measurements of weakly expansive soils. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-speed railway subgrade expansion and contraction deformation measurement device in weakly expansive rock and soil areas, which solves the problem of low measurement accuracy in the current field of weakly expansive rock and soil deformation measurement and realizes ultra-high precision measurement of weakly expansive rock and soil deformation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A device for measuring the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in weakly expansive rock and soil areas includes a bedrock fixing rod. The bedrock fixing rod includes an aluminum alloy steel cone with an aluminum alloy steel column welded to the bottom surface of the cone. The aluminum alloy steel cone is fixed to the bedrock beneath the measurement point.

[0008] The deformation mapping cylinder is fitted onto the bedrock fixing rod. The deformation mapping cylinder includes a deformation enlargement plate, and a flange pipe sleeve is fixed on the deformation enlargement plate. The deformation enlargement plate is buried in the weakly expansive soil layer at the location where deformation needs to be observed, and the flange pipe sleeve is exposed above the ground.

[0009] The ultra-high precision deformation measurement system includes a reference measuring cylinder and a deformation measuring cylinder. The reference measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bedrock fixing rod, and a reference scale is provided on the side wall of the reference measuring cylinder. The deformation measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the deformation mapping cylinder, and a deformation scale is provided on the deformation measuring cylinder.

[0010] The deformation intelligent recording system is placed on the scale side of the ultra-high precision measurement system device, and includes a high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system and an intelligent computing module. The high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system is used to collect observation data.

[0011] The intelligent computing module performs image processing and feature extraction. Based on the position of the scale in the calibrated image and the corresponding mapping relationship, it calculates the actual deformation amount and finally outputs the deformation amount in digital form.

[0012] Furthermore, a protective cover is provided outside the measuring device.

[0013] Furthermore, the bedrock fixing link and the deformation mapping cylinder are provided with a 5mm gap.

[0014] Furthermore, both the reference scale and the deformable scale have positive and negative graduations, with each graduation line on the reference scale being 1mm.

[0015] The deformable scale has 200 equal divisions on both the positive and negative scales, and each division is 0.005mm smaller than the scale line of the reference scale.

[0016] Furthermore, the aluminum alloy steel column is provided with an aluminum alloy steel column threaded hole, and the aluminum alloy steel column is fixedly connected to the reference measuring cylinder by a fixing stud and a fastening nut.

[0017] Furthermore, the flange of the flange sleeve is provided with 12 equidistant flange sleeve bolt holes;

[0018] The deformation measuring cylinder includes a semi-circular cylinder wall and a semi-circular flange, and the semi-circular flange is provided with 6 equidistant semi-circular flange bolt holes; the deformation measuring cylinder and the flange sleeve are connected by fixing bolts and fastening nuts.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1) This invention solves the problem of low accuracy in soil deformation measurement in weakly expansive rock and soil areas. The ultra-high precision measurement system has positive and negative scales on the scale. The scale difference between the corresponding scale lines on the deformation measuring cylinder and the reference measuring cylinder can realize ultra-high precision measurement of expansion and compression deformation of highway subgrade during service, which is 0.005mm.

[0021] 2) The protective cover of this invention is placed on the outermost side of the device and is made of acrylic glass. In actual operation, it can reduce the influence of external factors on the error of test data, while allowing the internal device to be observed through the acrylic plate.

[0022] 3) The present invention has a simple structure, the components of which do not affect each other, and it is easy to replace a damaged component. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an ultra-high precision measurement device for the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in areas with weakly expansive rock.

[0024] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an ultra-high precision measuring device for the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in areas with weakly expansive rock.

[0025] Figure 3 Top view of an ultra-high precision measurement device for the expansion and contraction deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in areas with weakly expansive rock.

[0026] Figure 4 Detailed diagram of the connection between the fixing stud and the fastening nut;

[0027] Figure 5 Detailed drawing of the connection between the fixing bolts and fastening nuts;

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Aluminum alloy steel cone, 2-Aluminum alloy steel column, 3-Aluminum alloy steel column threaded hole, 4-Deformation enlargement disc, 5-Flange fitting sleeve, 6-Flange fitting sleeve threaded hole, 7-Semi-circular flange threaded hole, 8-Fixing bolt, 9-Fastening nut, 10-Deformation measuring cylinder, 11-Deformation scale, 12-Reference measuring cylinder, 13-Reference scale, 14-Fastening nut, 15-Fixing stud, 16-High-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system, 17-Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention includes a bedrock fixing link, which includes an aluminum alloy steel cone 1, an aluminum alloy steel column 2 welded to the bottom surface of the cone, and the aluminum alloy steel cone is fixed on the bedrock beneath the measurement point.

[0031] The aluminum alloy steel cone 1 is conical, and the diameter of the aluminum alloy steel column 2 and the bottom diameter of the aluminum alloy steel cone 1 are both 50mm. The aluminum alloy steel cone 1 makes point contact with the underlying bedrock, which can stabilize the bedrock fixing link on the underlying bedrock and keep the bedrock fixing link stable and without displacement during the high-speed rail service, providing a stable reference for the deformation measurement of the upper weak expansive soil and rock.

[0032] The deformation mapping cylinder is fitted onto the bedrock fixing rod, with a 5mm gap between the bedrock fixing rod and the deformation mapping cylinder to prevent friction between the bedrock fixing rod and the cylinder wall, which would affect the measurement test data. The deformation mapping cylinder includes a deformation enlargement disk 4, on which a flange sleeve 5 is fixed. The deformation enlargement disk 4 is buried at the location where deformation needs to be observed in the weakly expansive soil layer, while the flange sleeve 5 is exposed above the ground. When the weakly expansive soil undergoes expansion and contraction deformation, the minute expansion and contraction deformation located deep within the weakly expansive soil is mapped onto the deformation enlargement disk 4, causing the surface deformation mapping cylinder to shift, thereby mapping the minute expansion and contraction deformation located deep within the weakly expansive soil to the measuring end of the surface deformation mapping cylinder.

[0033] The ultra-high precision deformation measurement system includes a reference measuring cylinder 12 and a deformation measuring cylinder 10. The reference measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bedrock fixing rod, and a reference scale 13 is provided on the side wall of the reference measuring cylinder 12. The deformation measuring cylinder 10 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the deformation mapping cylinder, and a deformation scale 11 is provided on the deformation measuring cylinder 10.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the aluminum alloy steel column 2 is provided with an aluminum alloy steel column threaded hole 3. The aluminum alloy steel column 2 and the reference measuring cylinder 12 are fixedly connected by a fixing stud 15 and a fastening nut 14. The top surface of the reference measuring cylinder 12 is closed. The bedrock fixing connecting rod is connected to the reference measuring cylinder 12 by a fixing stud and a fastening nut to determine the initial position of the deformation of the weakly expansive soil and provide a reference for deformation measurement. The position should be kept stable and unchanged, while facilitating the adjustment of the reference measuring cylinder 12. By adjusting the fastening nut 14, the 0 mark of the reference scale 13 and the deformation scale 11 can be aligned.

[0035] like Figure 5 , 3As shown, the flange of the flange sleeve 5 is provided with 12 equidistant flange sleeve bolt holes 6, which facilitates the replacement of other bolt holes when the bolt holes are damaged, and the purpose is to improve the service life of the deformation measuring cylinder; the deformation measuring cylinder 10 includes a semi-circular cylinder wall and a semi-circular flange, and the semi-circular flange is provided with 6 equidistant semi-circular flange bolt holes 7; the deformation measuring cylinder and the flange sleeve are connected by fixing bolts 8 and fastening nuts 9.

[0036] Both the reference scale 13 and the deformation scale 11 have positive and negative scales, which can measure the expansion and compression deformation of weakly expansive soil and rock. Each scale line of the reference scale is 1mm, which realizes the rough measurement of the deformation of weakly expansive soil.

[0037] The deformation scale has 200 equally divided graduations on both the positive and negative scales. Each graduation is 0.005mm smaller than the graduation line on the reference scale, with a total length of 398mm, for obtaining more accurate deformation measurements. The deformation measuring cylinder transmits the displacement of the deformation mapping cylinder. By aligning the 0 graduation line of the deformation measuring cylinder with a reference graduation line on the reference measuring cylinder, the main graduation value is obtained by reading the reference measuring cylinder. By reading the graduation difference between the corresponding graduation lines on the deformation measuring cylinder and the reference measuring cylinder, ultra-high precision deformation measurement of 0.005mm can be achieved.

[0038] The intelligent deformation recording system adaptively records minute deformations of weakly expansive soil and rock based on the deformation rate of the underlying expansive soil and rock at the measurement point. Placed on the scale of the ultra-high precision measurement system, the system includes a high-frequency, high-speed automatic image acquisition system and an intelligent computing module. The high-frequency, high-speed automatic image acquisition system collects observation data at a frequency of 11,000 frames per second, and can adjust the acquisition frequency according to changes in the high-precision measurement system. The intelligent computing module performs image processing and feature extraction, calculating the actual deformation based on the position of the scale in the calibrated image and the corresponding mapping relationship, and finally outputs the deformation in digital form.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, a protective cover is installed outside the measuring device. The protective cover 17 measures 1500mm×1500mm×2000mm. The protective cover covers the bedrock fixing rod, deformation mapping cylinder, ultra-high precision measuring system and deformation intelligent recording system. The protective cover does not contact other parts. The protective cover is made of acrylic organic glass with a thickness of 5mm, allowing the internal test process to be observed through the material.

[0040] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0041] The reference measuring cylinder can measure the deformation of weakly expansive soil in the 1mm range. Each scale line of the deformation measuring cylinder is 0.005mm smaller than that of the reference measuring cylinder, i.e., 0.095mm. When the weakly expansive soil deforms, the deformation measuring cylinder will also be displaced. The number of divisions on the deformation measuring cylinder and the corresponding scale line on the reference measuring cylinder, multiplied by 0.005mm, gives the deformation amount in the 0.005mm range.

[0042] The bedrock fixing rod is connected to the reference measuring cylinder to ensure its stability. When the weakly expansive soil deforms, the deformation amplification disk moves up and down, simultaneously displacing the deformation measuring cylinder. The 0 mark on the deformation scale represents the approximate 1mm value of the reference measuring cylinder. The deformation measuring cylinder obtains the number of divisions on the deformation scale that align with the scale line on the reference measuring cylinder, and multiplies this number by 0.005mm to obtain the deformation amount in the 0.005mm range. The high-frequency, high-speed automatic image acquisition system acquires the deformed image, and the intelligent calculation module performs image processing and feature extraction. Based on the position of the scale in the calibrated image and the corresponding mapping relationship, the actual deformation amount is calculated, and finally, the deformation amount is output in digital form.

[0043] The specific implementation process of this invention is as follows:

[0044] Select the appropriate weakly expansive rock area according to the needs of the experiment. In the weakly expansive rock area, select a suitable test area, excavate the soil layer to below the surface weathering layer, determine the location of the bedrock. If the depth is less than 1m, excavate to 1m. Fix the aluminum alloy steel cone 1 of the bedrock fixing rod to the bedrock under the measurement point. Then carry out the backfilling of the weakly expansive rock and soil. Stop backfilling when the total burial depth is half.

[0045] Then, fit the deformation mapping cylinder into the bedrock fixing rod, ensuring a 5mm gap between the bedrock fixing rod and the deformation mapping cylinder. Continue filling the weakly expansive soil and rock until it is flush with the ground. Level the road surface, then use fixing bolts 8 and fastening nuts 9 to fix the deformation measuring cylinder onto the flange fitting sleeve 5. After it is fixed, use fixing studs 15 and fastening nuts 14 to fix the reference measuring cylinder 12 onto the bedrock fixing rod. Ensure that the deformation scale 11 and the reference scale 13 are in the same direction. Adjust the fixing studs 15 and fastening nuts 14 to align the 0-degree lines of the deformation scale 11 and the reference scale 13.

[0046] like Figure 2As shown, the high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system 16 is fixed on the scale side of the ultra-high precision measurement system device. The acquisition port of the high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system is adjusted so that the acquisition port is directly facing the scale. At the same time, the protective cover 17 is covered on the device. The image acquired by the high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system is acquired. The intelligent computing module is used to perform image processing and feature extraction. Based on the position of the scale in the calibrated image and the corresponding mapping relationship, the actual deformation is calculated. Finally, the deformation is output in digital form to obtain the deformation of the weakly expansive soil and rock.

[0047] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] The content of this invention is not limited to the embodiments listed. Any equivalent modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of this invention by reading this specification are covered by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A weak expansion rock soil area high-speed railway subgrade expansion and contraction deformation measuring device, characterized in that: The bedrock fixing link includes an aluminum alloy steel cone (1), an aluminum alloy steel column (2) welded to the bottom surface of the cone, and the aluminum alloy steel cone (1) is fixed on the bedrock beneath the measurement point; The deformation mapping cylinder is fitted onto the bedrock fixing rod. The deformation mapping cylinder includes a deformation enlargement disk (4), and a flange pipe sleeve (5) is fixed on the deformation enlargement disk (4). The deformation enlargement disk (4) is buried in the weakly expansive soil layer at the location where deformation needs to be observed, and the flange pipe sleeve (5) is exposed above the ground. The ultra-high precision deformation measurement system includes a reference measuring cylinder (12) and a deformation measuring cylinder (10). The reference measuring cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bedrock fixing rod, and a reference scale (13) is provided on the side wall of the reference measuring cylinder (12). The deformation measuring cylinder (10) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the deformation mapping cylinder, and a deformation scale (11) is provided on the deformation measuring cylinder (10). The deformation intelligent recording system is placed on one side of the reference scale (13) and deformation scale (11) of the deformation ultra-high precision measurement system. It includes a high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system (16) and an intelligent computing module. The high-frequency high-speed automatic image acquisition system is used to collect observation data. The intelligent computing module performs image processing and feature extraction, calculates the actual deformation amount based on the position of the scale in the calibrated image and the corresponding mapping relationship, and finally outputs the deformation amount in digital form. Both the reference scale (13) and the deformable scale (11) are provided with positive and negative scales, and each scale line of the reference scale (13) is 1mm; The deformable scale (11) has 200 equally divided graduations on both the positive and negative scales, and each graduation is 0.005mm smaller than the graduation line of the reference scale. The aluminum alloy steel column (2) is provided with an aluminum alloy steel column threaded hole (3), and the aluminum alloy steel column (2) and the reference measuring cylinder (12) are fixedly connected by a fixing stud (15) and a fastening nut (14). The flange of the flange sleeve (5) is provided with 12 equidistant flange sleeve bolt holes (6). The deformation measuring cylinder (10) includes a semi-circular cylinder wall and a semi-circular flange. The semi-circular flange is provided with 6 equidistant semi-circular flange bolt holes (7). The deformation measuring cylinder (10) and the flange sleeve (5) are connected by fixing bolts (8) and fastening nuts (9).

2. The swelling and shrinking deformation measuring device for high-speed railway subgrade in weakly swelling rock-soil area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring device is equipped with a protective cover (17).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a device for measuring the swelling and shrinking deformation of high-speed railway subgrade in weakly swelling rock-soil areas. The bedrock fixing link and the deformation mapping cylinder are provided with a 5mm gap.

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