Sealing structure, main shaft with the sealing structure and main shaft machining method

Abstract

The application discloses a sealing structure, a main shaft with the sealing structure and a main shaft machining method, and belongs to the field of machining machine tool equipment.In the sealing structure, the shaft core and the shaft sleeve are rotatably connected through bearings, the end of the shaft sleeve is provided with an end cover, and the end of the shaft core penetrates through the end cover;the outer side of the end cover is connected with a sealing ring, and the end of the shaft core is connected with a water throwing disc, which is located on the outer side of the sealing ring;the shaft sleeve is provided with a first air duct, and the end cover is provided with a second air duct in communication with the first air duct;after high-pressure gas is blown out from the second air duct, the high-pressure gas first passes through the gap between the end cover and the sealing ring and then is blown out from the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring;the sealing performance of the sealing structure is improved through mechanical sealing and air curtain sealing;in addition, the high-pressure gas cannot be blown to the bearings, the lubricating grease of the bearings is prevented from being blown dry, and the water vapor carried by the high-pressure gas is prevented from being blown to the bearings, so that the service life of the bearings is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machining machine tool equipment, more particularly to a sealing structure, a main shaft with the sealing structure and a main shaft machining method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the related art, in order to prevent the leakage of lubricating grease during the operation of the bearing, the bearing is sealed because the bearing contains a large amount of fluid lubricating grease. This is the beginning of bearing sealing. In production and life, it is found that bearings are often used in high-pollution, dusty and humid environments, and pollutants can cause wear of the bearing, and water can rust the bearing. Therefore, sealing plays an increasingly important role.

[0003] From the contact form, the sealing is mainly divided into contact type and non-contact type. The non-contact sealing has no direct contact between the sealing ring and the rolling body, and the lubricant is filled, so it is more suitable for high-speed scenes. The contact sealing is directly pressed on the shaft, and the sealing is better, but because of the direct contact, the friction torque and temperature rise are higher. In addition, because the lip part is in contact with the rotating shaft, the type of contact sealing determines the maximum allowable rotating speed of the sealing part. The larger the contact surface, the lower the rotating speed. Exceeding the rotating speed may cause sealing failure.

[0004] For example, the Chinese patent document with publication number CN109797746A discloses a bearing sealing structure and an electric spindle comprising the sealing structure. The bearing sealing structure comprises a lower cover, a locking piece and a protective cover. The locking piece is connected with the protective cover to form a rotating assembly, and the lower cover has a gap channel with the rotating assembly. The lower cover is provided with a plurality of inclined channels extending towards the second side surface side. The inclined channels have a first gas outlet near the second side surface side, and the first gas outlet is in communication with the gap channel. The rotating assembly is provided with a slanted groove having a slot and a side groove surface. The side groove surface extends obliquely towards the protective cover, and the slot is in communication with the gap channel.

[0005] However, the sealing air channel inlet of the above-mentioned scheme is radially arranged. On the one hand, after the high-pressure gas is blown in, most of the high-pressure gas will flow outward along the axial direction of the main shaft and leave the main shaft, and a small part of the high-pressure gas will flow inward along the axial direction of the main shaft and blow towards the bearing, so that the lubricating oil in the bearing is more easily blown dry. On the other hand, in the case of poor working condition of the main shaft, the high-pressure gas will also carry water to the bearing, which will destroy the lubricating function of the lubricating oil and increase the possibility of corrosion and rusting of the bearing. The above two cases will reduce the service life of the bearing SUMMARY

[0006] The sealing structure, the main shaft with the sealing structure and the main shaft machining method have the advantages that the sealing structure is arranged between the shaft core, the shaft sleeve and the end cover of the main shaft, the shaft core and the shaft sleeve are rotatably connected through the bearing, the end portion of the shaft sleeve is provided with the end cover, the end portion of the shaft core penetrates through the end cover and is arranged, the outer side of the end cover is connected with the sealing ring, the end portion of the shaft core is connected with the water throwing disc, the water throwing disc is located at the outer side of the sealing ring, the first air duct is arranged on the shaft sleeve, the second air duct is arranged on the end cover, the second air duct is communicated with the first air duct, the high-pressure gas is blown out from the second air duct, passes through the gap between the end cover and the sealing ring first, and is then blown out from the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows.

[0008] The sealing structure of the present application is arranged between the shaft core, the shaft sleeve and the end cover of the main shaft, the shaft core and the shaft sleeve are rotatably connected through the bearing, the end portion of the shaft sleeve is provided with the end cover, the end portion of the shaft core penetrates through the end cover and is arranged, the outer side of the end cover is connected with the sealing ring, the end portion of the shaft core is connected with the water throwing disc, the water throwing disc is located at the outer side of the sealing ring, the first air duct is arranged on the shaft sleeve, the second air duct is arranged on the end cover, the second air duct is communicated with the first air duct, the high-pressure gas is blown out from the second air duct, passes through the gap between the end cover and the sealing ring first, and is then blown out from the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring.

[0009] Further, the second air duct comprises an axial air duct, a radial air duct and a circumferential air duct which are communicated in sequence, the axial air duct is communicated with the first air duct, and the circumferential air duct surrounds the sealing ring.

[0010] Further, the outer side of the end cover is provided with a sealing groove and a containing groove which are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the end cover, the water throwing disc is contained in the containing groove, a plurality of first sealing teeth are arranged on the groove wall of the sealing groove and are equidistantly arranged around the circumferential direction of the sealing ring, a second sealing tooth which is matched with the first sealing tooth is arranged on the sealing ring, and the second sealing tooth is filled into the gap between two adjacent first sealing teeth when the sealing ring is connected in the end cover.

[0011] Further, the number of the first sealing teeth is between 100 and 300.

[0012] Further, the sealing ring and the end cover are in interference fit, so that the first sealing teeth and the second sealing teeth are tightly matched.

[0013] Further, the outer side of the containing groove is provided with a first inclined surface, and the outer side of the water throwing disc is provided with a second inclined surface which is matched with the first inclined surface.

[0014] Further, the inclination of the first inclined surface is the same as the inclination of the second inclined surface, and the angle between the first inclined surface and the axial direction of the shaft sleeve is 30-60 degrees.

[0015] Further, the outer end of the first sealing tooth extends to the connection position of the sealing groove and the containing groove, and the inner end of the first sealing tooth is located in the axial range of the circumferential air duct.

[0016] The main shaft with the sealing structure comprises a shaft core, a shaft sleeve and an end cover, and the sealing structure is arranged between the shaft core, the shaft sleeve and the end cover.

[0017] The processing method of the main shaft comprises the following steps: sleeving the shaft sleeve on the shaft core, mounting the end cover connected with the sealing ring on the shaft sleeve, and arranging the end portion of the shaft core to pass through the end cover; and finally connecting the water throwing disc on the shaft core.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The sealing structure is arranged between the shaft core, the shaft sleeve and the end cover of the main shaft, the shaft core and the shaft sleeve are rotatably connected through the bearing, the end portion of the shaft sleeve is provided with the end cover, and the end portion of the shaft core is arranged to pass through the end cover; the outer side of the end cover is connected with the sealing ring, the end portion of the shaft core is connected with the water throwing disc, and the water throwing disc is located outside the sealing ring; the first air duct is arranged on the shaft sleeve, the second air duct is arranged on the end cover, the second air duct is in communication with the first air duct, the high-pressure gas blown out from the second air duct first passes through the gap between the end cover and the sealing ring and then passes through the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring, the sealing performance of the sealing structure is improved through the mechanical sealing between the sealing ring and the end cover and the air curtain sealing blown out from the second air duct; in addition, the high-pressure gas blown out from the second air duct directly passes through the gap between the end cover and the sealing ring and the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring, and does not blow towards the bearing, thereby preventing the lubricating grease of the bearing from being blown dry, preventing the water vapor carried by the high-pressure gas from blowing towards the bearing, and greatly improving the service life of the bearing.

[0020] (2) In the present application, the outer side of the end cover is sequentially provided with a sealing groove and a containing groove along the axial direction of the end cover, and the water throwing disc is contained in the containing groove; a plurality of first sealing teeth are arranged on the groove wall of the sealing groove, the plurality of first sealing teeth are equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the sealing ring, and a second sealing tooth is arranged on the sealing ring and matched with the first sealing tooth; when the sealing ring is connected in the end cover, the second sealing tooth is filled into the gap between the adjacent two first sealing teeth; the number of the first sealing teeth is between 100 and 300, therefore, the first sealing teeth and the second sealing teeth are uniformly arranged around the end cover, so that the high-pressure gas can be uniformly blown out from the second air duct and the gap between the water throwing disc and the sealing ring, thereby improving the sealing effect of the air curtain sealing.

[0021] (3) In the present application, the outer side of the accommodating groove is provided with a first inclined surface, and the outer side of the water throwing disc is provided with a second inclined surface in gap cooperation with the first inclined surface; the inclination of the first inclined surface is the same as that of the second inclined surface, and the angle between the first inclined surface and the axis direction of the shaft sleeve is 30°-60°; when the shaft core and the shaft sleeve rotate at a high speed relative to each other, the high-pressure gas forms a conical surface-shaped gas curtain after being blown on the first inclined surface, and the moisture carried in the high-pressure gas is quickly thrown away from the end cover, further improving the sealing effect of the gas curtain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the spindle structure of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first air channel and the second air channel in the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the end cover in the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first air channel in the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the sealing ring in the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the water throwing disc in the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the second inclined surface in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to further understand the content of the present application, the present application will be described in detail in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0031] The present embodiment provides a sealing structure arranged between the shaft core 100, the shaft sleeve 200 and the end cover 300 of the spindle, for sealing the gap between the shaft core 100, the shaft sleeve 200 and the end cover 300, so as to prevent the lubricating grease on the bearing 600 between the shaft core 100 and the shaft sleeve 200 from being blown dry, thereby improving the service life of the bearing 600.

[0032] Specifically, refer to Figures 1-3The shaft core 100 and the shaft sleeve 200 can be rotatably connected through the bearing 600. Specifically, the shaft core 100 is provided with a bearing inner ring 620, the shaft sleeve 200 is provided with a bearing outer ring 610, and the bearing outer ring 610 and the bearing inner ring 620 are matched to achieve rotatable connection. The end portion of the shaft sleeve 200 can be provided with an end cover 300, and the end portion of the shaft core 100 can pass through the end cover 300. The outer side of the end cover 300 can be connected with a sealing ring 400, and the end portion of the shaft core 100 can be connected with a water disc 500, which can be located outside the sealing ring 400.

[0033] The shaft sleeve 200 can be provided with a first air duct 230, and the end cover 300 can be provided with a second air duct 340. The second air duct 340 can be in communication with the first air duct 230. After the high-pressure gas is blown out from the second air duct 340, it can first pass through the gap between the end cover 300 and the sealing ring 400, and then be blown out from the gap between the water disc 500 and the sealing ring 400.

[0034] Therefore, the sealing performance of the sealing structure is improved through the mechanical seal between the sealing ring 400 and the end cover 300 and the air curtain seal blown out by the second air duct 340. In addition, since the high-pressure gas blown out by the second air duct 340 is directly blown out from the gap between the end cover 300 and the sealing ring 400 and the gap between the water disc 500 and the sealing ring 400, it will not blow to the bearing 600, preventing the lubricating grease of the bearing 600 from being blown dry, and also preventing the water vapor carried by the high-pressure gas from blowing to the bearing 600, thereby greatly improving the service life of the bearing 600.

[0035] Referring to Figure 4 As a specific embodiment, the end cover 300 can include an end cover body 310, and the end cover body 310 can be provided with the second air duct 340. Specifically, referring to Figure 5 The second air duct 340 can include an axial air duct 341, a radial air duct 342 and a circumferential air duct 343 connected in sequence. The axial air duct 341 is in communication with the first air duct 230, and the circumferential air duct 343 surrounds the sealing ring 400. After the high-pressure gas is blown into the first air duct, it successively passes through the axial air duct 341 and the radial air duct 342, is blown into the circumferential air duct 343, and is blown into the gap between the sealing ring 400 and the end cover 300 from the circumferential air duct 343.

[0036] Continuing to refer to Figure 5More specifically, the outer side of the end cover 300 can be sequentially provided with a sealing groove 320 and a containing groove 330 along the axial direction of the end cover 300, and the water disc 500 is contained in the containing groove 330; a plurality of first sealing teeth 321 can be provided on the groove wall of the sealing groove 320, and the plurality of first sealing teeth 321 can be equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the sealing ring 400. The sealing ring 400 can include a sealing ring body 410, and the sealing ring body 410 can be provided with second sealing teeth 420 matched with the first sealing teeth 321; when the sealing ring 400 is connected in the end cover 300, the second sealing teeth 420 can be filled into the gap between adjacent two first sealing teeth 321.

[0037] As a further optimization of the present embodiment, referring to Figure 6 , the number of first sealing teeth 321 can be between 100 and 300, and the number of second sealing teeth 420 is the same as the number of first sealing teeth 321. Therefore, when the number of first sealing teeth 321 is between 100 and 300, the second sealing teeth 420 are arranged around the sealing ring 400 at a high density, and the first sealing teeth 321 and the second sealing teeth 420 are uniformly arranged around the end cover 300, so that the high-pressure gas can be uniformly blown out from the second air duct 340 and from the gap between the water disc 500 and the sealing ring 400, thereby improving the sealing effect of the air curtain sealing.

[0038] As a further optimization, the sealing ring 400 and the end cover 300 can be interference fit to form a close fit between the first sealing teeth 321 and the second sealing teeth 420, so that when the high-pressure gas blows between the first sealing teeth 321 and the second sealing teeth 420, the pressure of the high-pressure gas is further improved, thereby improving the strength of the air curtain and improving the sealing effect.

[0039] In addition, the outer end of the first sealing tooth 321 can extend to the connection between the sealing groove 320 and the containing groove 330, and the inner end of the first sealing tooth 321 is located within the axial range of the circumferential air duct 343, so that in the case of close fit between the sealing ring 400 and the end cover 300, the high-pressure gas is blown out from between the first sealing tooth 321 and the second sealing tooth 420, and will not be blown into the inside of the shaft sleeve 200 from between the sealing ring 400 and the end cover 300, thereby playing a sealing role.

[0040] Referring to Figure 7 As a specific embodiment of the water disc 500, the water disc 500 can include a water disc body 510, and at least two connecting ears 520 can be provided on the water disc body 510, the at least two connecting ears 520 can be equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the water disc 500, and a connecting hole 521 can be provided on the connecting ear 520, and the water disc 500 is connected to the shaft core 100 through the connecting hole 521.

[0041] As a further optimization, the outer side of the accommodating groove 330 can be provided with a first inclined surface 331, and the outer side of the water throwing disc 500 can be provided with a second inclined surface 511 that is in gap cooperation with the first inclined surface 331. The inclination of the first inclined surface 331 can be the same as the inclination of the second inclined surface 511, and the first inclined surface 331 can form an angle of 30°-60° with the axis direction of the shaft sleeve 200.

[0042] Therefore, when the shaft core 100 and the shaft sleeve 200 rotate at a relatively high speed, the high-pressure gas forms a conical gas curtain after being blown on the first inclined surface 331, and the moisture carried in the high-pressure gas is quickly thrown away from the end cover 300, further improving the sealing effect of the gas curtain seal.

[0043] In addition, the embodiment also provides a main shaft, which comprises a shaft core 100, a shaft sleeve 200 and an end cover 300, and a sealing structure is arranged between the shaft core 100, the shaft sleeve 200 and the end cover 300. The sealing structure can be the sealing structure in the embodiment. More specifically, the end portion of the shaft sleeve 200 can be provided with the end cover 300, and the end portion of the shaft core 100 can pass through the end cover 300 to be arranged; the outer side of the end cover 300 can be connected with a sealing ring 400, and the end portion of the shaft core 100 can be connected with a water throwing disc 500, which can be located outside the sealing ring 400.

[0044] In order to further prevent the high-pressure gas from being blown to the bearing 600, the shaft core 100, the shaft sleeve 200 and the end cover 300 can also be provided with a labyrinth sealing structure. The sealing structure is arranged at the inner end of the end cover 300 and at the outer end of the bearing 600. Specifically, referring to Figure 1 , the first sealing member 210 and the second sealing member 220 can be arranged in the shaft sleeve 200. The second sealing member 220 is sleeved on the shaft core 100, and the first sealing member 210 is sleeved on the second sealing member 220. The outer ring of the first sealing member 210 is in contact with the inner side of the shaft sleeve 200. The inner side of the end cover 300 is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the grooves are circumferentially arranged. A plurality of protrusions are arranged on the second sealing member 220, and the protrusions on the second sealing member 220 cooperate with the grooves on the end cover 300 to form a labyrinth sealing structure.

[0045] In addition, the embodiment also provides a machining method of the main shaft. In the machining method of the embodiment, the assembly process of the shaft core, the shaft sleeve and the end cover is as follows: the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the shaft core, the end cover connected with the sealing ring is installed on the shaft sleeve, and the end portion of the shaft core is arranged to pass through the end cover; and finally, the water throwing disc is connected to the shaft core.

[0046] The above describes the present application and its embodiments in a schematic manner, and the description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one of the embodiments of the present application, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by the above, without departing from the spirit of the present application, similar structural modes and embodiments can be designed without creativity, and all of them shall belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A sealing structure disposed between the spindle core, bushing, and end cover of a main shaft, characterized in that: The shaft core and the bushing are rotatably connected by a bearing. The end of the bushing is provided with an end cap, and the end of the shaft core extends through the end cap. A sealing ring is connected to the outside of the end cap, and a water-spinning plate is connected to the end of the shaft core, with the water-spinning plate located outside the sealing ring. A first air duct is provided on the bushing, and a second air duct is provided on the end cap. The second air duct is connected to the first air duct. After high-pressure gas is blown out from the second air duct, it first passes through the gap between the end cap and the sealing ring, and then is blown out from the gap between the water-spinning plate and the sealing ring. The second air duct includes an axial air duct, a radial air duct, and a circumferential air duct connected in sequence. The axial air duct is connected to the first air duct, and the circumferential air duct surrounds the sealing ring. A sealing groove and a receiving groove are sequentially formed on the outer side of the end cap along the axial direction of the end cap, and the water-spinning tray is housed in the receiving groove; The sealing groove has a plurality of first sealing teeth on its groove wall, and the plurality of first sealing teeth are equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the sealing ring. The sealing ring has second sealing teeth that cooperate with the first sealing teeth. When the sealing ring is connected to the end cap, the second sealing teeth fill the gap between two adjacent first sealing teeth. The number of the first sealing teeth is between 100 and 300; The sealing ring and the end cap are interference fit to ensure a tight fit between the first sealing tooth and the second sealing tooth; The outer side of the receiving tank is provided with a first inclined surface, and the outer side of the water-spinning plate is provided with a second inclined surface that is in clearance fit with the first inclined surface.

2. The sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination of the first inclined surface is the same as that of the second inclined surface, and the angle between the first inclined surface and the axis of the bushing is 30° to 60°.

3. The sealing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer end of the first sealing tooth extends to the connection between the sealing groove and the receiving groove, and the inner end of the first sealing tooth is located within the axial range of the circumferential air duct.

4. A spindle having the sealing structure described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It includes a shaft core, a bushing, and an end cap, with the sealing structure disposed between the shaft core, bushing, and end cap.

5. A method for machining a spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The assembly process of the shaft core, bushing, and end cap is as follows: the bushing is placed on the shaft core, the end cap with a sealing ring is installed on the bushing, and the end of the shaft core protrudes through the end cap; finally, the water-spinning tray is connected to the shaft core.

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