A rural household heating system, control method, medium, device and terminal

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of novel low-carbon heating equipment, and discloses a rural household heating system, a control method, a medium, equipment, a terminal and a solar power generation system, which is used for converting sunlight into electric energy by using a solar cell panel to provide clean and renewable energy for the system; a heat conversion device adopts an integrated single tank structure, and a molten salt heat storage device, an electric heater and a heat exchanger are integrated in the tank body; a molten salt heat storage system is used for selecting a composite nitrate medium as a molten salt heat storage material; an intelligent control system comprises a molten salt constant temperature control system, a room temperature constant temperature control system and a Bluetooth transmission user interface system, and is used for realizing electric energy conversion storage according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel by using an intelligent control program, and realizing intelligent temperature control by adjusting the heat output power of the molten salt tank in real time based on the fluctuation of the heat supply demand. The application can realize all-weather automatic cleaning heating, and has the advantages of low cost, high energy efficiency and zero carbon emission compared with other heating modes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of new low-carbon heating equipment, and particularly relates to a rural household heating system, a control method, a medium, equipment and a terminal. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, burning scattered coal is generally used for winter heating in rural areas in China, which has a series of environmental problems such as low thermal efficiency and large pollutant emission. Photovoltaic technology is clean and pollution-free, but has problems such as unstable light source and unstable output, and must be combined with energy storage technology to play the expected effect. At present, common energy storage technologies include thermal energy storage, mechanical energy storage, and electrical energy storage. Considering that the heating system is mainly used for heat supply, and the space available for the houses of farmers is small, the team selects thermal energy storage as the main energy storage mode. Thermal energy storage is mainly divided into sensible heat, latent heat and chemical reaction heat, among which chemical reaction heat is mostly in the laboratory research stage, and latent heat storage has the advantages of large energy storage density and small temperature fluctuation compared with sensible heat storage, and specific comparison is shown in Table 1.

[0003] Table 1 Comparison of sensible heat and latent heat energy storage density

[0004]

[0005] Note: The ambient temperature is 20℃, the boiling point of water is 100℃, and the melting point of NaNO3 is 308℃; the maximum temperature of sensible heat storage is 100℃, and the maximum temperature of latent heat storage is 400℃, and the calculation result is the volume heat storage density.

[0006] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are that the existing photovoltaic technology has problems such as unstable light source and unstable output, and the chemical reaction heat of thermal energy storage is mostly in the laboratory stage. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a rural household heating system, a control method, a medium, equipment and a terminal, and particularly relates to a rural household heating system based on photovoltaic + molten salt heat storage, a control method, a medium, equipment and a terminal.

[0008] The present application is implemented as follows: a rural household heating system, the rural household heating system comprising: a solar power generation system, a heat conversion device, a molten salt heat storage system and an intelligent control system.

[0009] The solar power generation system comprises a cell panel support, an intelligent digital display controller and a storage battery, and is used for converting sunlight into electrical energy by using a solar cell panel to provide clean and renewable energy for the system;

[0010] The heat conversion device adopts an integrated single tank structure and is composed of a tank cover, a tank body and an oil tank. The tank body is cylindrical and is made of Q345R steel plate. The tank body is wrapped with an aluminum silicate fiber felt heat preservation material. The molten salt heat storage device, the electric heater and the heat exchanger are integrated in the tank body.

[0011] The molten salt heat storage system uses a composite nitrate medium as the molten salt heat storage material.

[0012] The intelligent control system includes a molten salt constant temperature control system, a room temperature constant temperature control system and a Bluetooth transmission user interface system. The intelligent control system is used for realizing the storage of electric energy according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel by using an intelligent control program and realizing intelligent temperature control by adjusting the heat output power of the molten salt tank based on the fluctuation of the heat supply demand.

[0013] Further, in the solar power generation system, the panel support is used for adjusting the front attitude of the solar panel, so that the orientation is inclined by 45° to the south to obtain the best power generation efficiency. The intelligent digital display controller is used for regulating the input-output relationship among the solar panel, the storage battery and the external load, so that the distribution of the electric energy of the household appliance is realized.

[0014] Further, the diameter of the tank body of the heat conversion device is 162 mm, and the height is 230 mm. The upper edge of the tank body is connected with the tank cover through a flange and is sealed by a sealing gasket. The flange disc of the edge of the tank cover is connected with the cylindrical tank body. The upper end of the tank body is provided with a hole position connected with the oil tank for connection. The hole position for inserting the temperature sensor is used for real-time detection of the temperature in the tank. The hole position for placing the heat exchanger is used for fixing the heat exchanger. The top of the tank is reserved with a pressure relief hole.

[0015] Further, the tank body is made of 304 stainless steel. The tank body is composed of an upper half part annular outer tank 1 and a cylindrical hollow inner tank 2, which are independent of each other. The heat-conducting silicon oil is exchanged in the inner tank through an oil pump. The water heat exchanger adopts a spiral heat exchange structure and is placed in the tank 2. The two-stage heat exchange structure adjusts the heat exchange rate between the water and the molten salt by changing the heat exchange resistance. The heat-conducting oil-silicon oil is used as the intermediate heat exchange medium. The flash point of the heat-conducting oil in the open cup is 210℃±20℃, and the boiling point of the ordinary mineral oil in the closed system is below 350℃. When the device is not in use, the heat-conducting silicon oil is completely placed in the tank 1 and is separated from the molten salt to block the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange pipe. When the device is in use, the heat-conducting silicon oil is transferred from the tank 1 to the tank 2 through the pump. The heat is transferred from the molten salt to the heat-conducting oil and then to the water in the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange purpose is achieved.

[0016] Further, the molten salt heat storage material of the molten salt heat storage system is Solar-Salt, which is a mixed molten salt of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. The volume of the molten salt is 0.216m 3 .

[0017] Further, the molten salt constant temperature control system is used for inserting the K-type thermocouple into the molten salt, collecting temperature information and sending the temperature information to the 5V output module; the single-chip microcomputer reads in and compares with the initial set molten salt target temperature, and when the temperature is higher than the molten salt target temperature, the control signal of the electric heating tube is adjusted to be low level and is closed.

[0018] The room temperature constant temperature control system is used for inputting the signal collected by the temperature sensor placed outside to the single-chip microcomputer, and when the collected temperature information is higher than the set target indoor temperature, the control signal of the oil pump is adjusted to pump out the heat conducting oil, reduce the heat exchange between water and high-temperature molten salt, and stop the heating of the room.

[0019] The Bluetooth transmission user interface system is used for pairing with the Bluetooth module on the mobile phone, opening the debugger in the mobile phone, including power-on, power-off, one-grade heating, two-grade heating, three-grade heating, display of molten salt temperature and display of indoor temperature instructions; the instructions of the user are sent to the single-chip microcomputer through serial communication, the single-chip microcomputer outputs corresponding control signals to corresponding components, and the temperature information is displayed on the OLED screen.

[0020] Another object of the present application is to provide a rural household heating system control method applied to the rural household heating system.

[0021] Step one, converting solar energy into electric energy by using a photovoltaic panel, selecting a composite nitrate medium Solar-Salt as a heat storage medium, and storing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel in the form of heat energy;

[0022] Step two, designing a single-tank molten salt constant temperature control system, utilizing the sensible heat and latent heat of phase change of the molten salt; and coupling a Bluetooth transmission user interface system to realize remote monitoring and control of the system by using a mobile device;

[0023] Step three, adopting a sleeve type cascade heat exchange structure design with an embedded heat exchange water coil and an oil storage tank, adjusting the thermal resistance between cold water and high-temperature molten salt medium by changing the contact area between the heat conducting oil and the molten salt, and realizing intelligent control of the system heat output power;

[0024] Step four, connecting an external heat exchange device to the system, using water as the heat exchange medium, using the heat stored by the molten salt for indoor heating and domestic hot water, and using solar energy to maintain the normal operation of the circuit components.

[0025] Another object of the present application is to provide a computer device, which comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to make the processor execute the steps of the rural household heating system control method.

[0026] Another object of the present application is to provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the rural household heating system control method.

[0027] Another object of the present application is to provide an information data processing terminal for implementing the rural household heating system.

[0028] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the technical solutions to be protected by the present application have the following advantages and positive effects:

[0029] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical solutions to be protected by the present application are closely combined with the results and data in the research and development process, and the technical problems solved by the technical solutions are analyzed in detail and profoundly, and some creative technical effects brought about after the problems are solved are described as follows:

[0030] The photovoltaic + molten salt heating system provided by the present application generates electricity through the roof photovoltaic panel during the day, realizes electric heating conversion by using electric heating mode, and stores heat in the molten salt heat storage tank. When there is a demand for heating and domestic hot water, the oil pump is used to pump the heat conducting oil in the oil tank into the lower heat exchange tank, and the heat in the molten salt is transferred to the water through the heat exchange pipe, and the water is circulated to the indoor heat supply through the pipeline; when there is no heating demand, the oil pump pumps the heat conducting oil back to the oil tank, greatly reducing the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange pipe, and using the strong heat storage capacity of the molten salt and the outer heat insulation material of the heat storage tank, the heat converted by the photovoltaic module is stored.

[0031] The present application designs an integrated device through literature review, field research, scientific calculation and other methods, and confirms the feasibility of the operation mode and process design of the device through numerical simulation and farmer experiments. In this process, the present application innovatively uses solar energy as the total input of heating energy, and designs a molten salt as a small-scale civil heat storage material, and develops an intelligent visual control system for mobile terminals. In view of the problem that the molten salt will also heat the working medium during the non-heating period, the present application uses an embedded nest tank to solve the temperature and pressure problems in the molten salt tank, effectively preventing the safety threat caused by the water temperature being too high.

[0032] The present application aims at the problems of serious pollution, low efficiency and poor economy of scattered coal heating in rural areas in China, and designs a rural household heating system based on photovoltaic + molten salt heat storage, to realize clean and low-carbon heating for residents' families. The heat storage system of the present application converts solar energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic panels, and selects composite nitrate medium Solar-Salt as heat storage medium to store the electric energy generated by photovoltaic in the form of heat energy. The present application innovatively designs a single-tank molten salt system, fully utilizes the sensible heat and latent heat of phase change of molten salt, adopts a double-pipe cascade heat exchange structure design of built-in heat exchange water coil + oil storage tank, adjusts the thermal resistance between cold water and high-temperature molten salt medium by changing the contact area between heat conducting oil and molten salt, realizes intelligent control of the heat output power of the system, and simultaneously couples xxx to realize remote monitoring and control of mobile devices. The system of the present application is externally connected to a heat exchange device, uses water as heat exchange medium, and uses the heat stored by molten salt for indoor heating and domestic hot water. The energy input of the system is entirely from solar energy, and the stored heat energy can maintain the normal operation of the circuit devices such as pump, controller and thermocouple. The present application uses molten salt as a small-scale civilian heat storage material, realizes zero carbon emission and zero pollution green heating, and the service life of the whole system is up to 25 years. According to the actual operation efficiency and cost calculation results, the economic and environmental benefits generated by a single set of equipment of the system are expected to be 17665.25 yuan / year, the total construction cost is about 34260 yuan, and the operation cost can be ignored.

[0033] In addition, the new low-carbon heating device of the present application also has the following application innovations:

[0034] (1) Realize self-sufficient photovoltaic heating, and solve the problem of distributed photovoltaic consumption.

[0035] The energy input of the heating system is entirely from solar energy, compared with gas heating, coal heating and electric heating, and the present application truly realizes green and low-carbon heating. The electric power generated by photovoltaic panels during the day is converted into high-temperature heat source for storage, to realize 24-hour supply of domestic hot water and heating for residents' families, and to solve the pain point of difficulty in grid connection of distributed photovoltaic on roofs in rural areas, and to expand the internal consumption channel of photovoltaic power generation.

[0036] (2) Adopt single-tank design with embedded tank, and the device structure is compact.

[0037] The system adopts a double-pipe cascade heat exchange structure design of built-in heat exchange water coil + oil storage tank, adjusts the thermal resistance between cold water and high-temperature molten salt medium by changing the contact area between heat conducting oil and molten salt, realizes intelligent control of the heat output power of the system. The molten salt heat storage device, electric heater and heat exchange pipe of the system are integrated in the tank body, the heat preservation property of the equipment is good, the occupied space is small, and the structure layout is compact and reasonable; compared with the double-tank molten salt heat storage structure, the single-tank system structure is relatively simple, more space-saving, and lower in cost.

[0038] (3) Use molten salt as a small civilian heat storage material.

[0039] At present, molten salt is only used as a large-capacity heat storage material in industry, and the present heating system innovatively selects molten salt as a small-capacity heat storage material for civilian use. Molten salt has the characteristics of no pollution, low cost, long service life, high heat flow density, etc., which can significantly improve the thermal efficiency, reliability and economy of the system, and realize the continuous and stable operation of the device.

[0040] (4) Meet the individual needs of users through intelligent logic control.

[0041] The present heating system designs an intelligent control program, which can realize efficient conversion of electric energy according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, and can realize intelligent temperature control by adjusting the heat output power of the molten salt tank based on the fluctuation of heating demand. At the same time, the intelligent algorithm is used to realize the humanized user interaction, so that the user can realize the overall control of the heating system without going out, and the user experience in the individual farmer household environment is enriched.

[0042] Secondly, from the perspective of the product or as a whole, the technical scheme to be protected by the present application has the technical effects and advantages described as follows:

[0043] The present application designs a new low-carbon heating equipment with economic benefit and environmental benefit, which selects molten salt as the medium for heat storage, and can meet the winter heating and domestic hot water demand in rural areas. The present application comprehensively applies photovoltaic technology and molten salt heat storage technology, converts solar energy into electric energy during the day, and stores the green electric power converted by electric heating into heat energy. In order to ensure the safety of the equipment, the present application combines automatic control technology to regulate and control the operation of the equipment, and ensures its safe and efficient heating.

[0044] At present, molten salt heat storage is mainly used in large industrial facilities, but the present rural household heating system successfully proves the feasibility of small civilianization, and has great market space. As a new green and safe heating method, the present application provides a rural household heating system based on photovoltaic + molten salt heat storage, which can realize all-weather automatic cleaning and heating. Compared with other heating methods, it has the advantages of low cost, high energy efficiency and zero carbon emission, and can show unique advantages in the heating of rural residences, single-family houses, small commercial buildings and other buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the rural household heating system control method provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0047] Figure 2 is a whole structure diagram of the rural household heating system provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0048] Figure 3 is a solar power generation principle diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] Figure 4 is a tank structure modeling diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0050] Figure 5 is a molten salt constant temperature control system principle diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] Figure 6 is an indoor constant temperature control system principle diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0052] Figure 7 is a Bluetooth transmission user interface system principle diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0054] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a rural household heating system, a control method, a medium, a device and a terminal, which will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings.

[0055] I. Explanation of the embodiments. In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand how the present application is specifically implemented, this part is an explanation of the embodiments for expanding the description of the technical solutions.

[0056] As shown in Figure 1 , the rural household heating system control method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes the following steps:

[0057] S101, converting solar energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic panels, selecting a composite nitrate medium Solar-Salt as a heat storage medium, and storing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panels in the form of heat energy;

[0058] S102, designing a single-tank molten salt constant temperature control system, utilizing the sensible heat and latent heat of phase change of the molten salt, and coupling a Bluetooth transmission user interface system to realize remote monitoring and control of the system by using a mobile device;

[0059] S103, adopting a sleeve type cascade heat exchange structure design of an embedded heat exchange water coil and an oil storage tank, adjusting the thermal resistance between the cold water and the high-temperature molten salt medium by changing the contact area between the heat conducting oil and the molten salt, and realizing intelligent control of the heat output power of the system;

[0060] S104, connecting an external heat exchange device to the system, using water as the heat exchange medium, using the heat stored by the molten salt for indoor heating and domestic hot water, and using solar energy to maintain the normal operation of the circuit device.

[0061] As shown in Figure 2 the rural household heating system provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises a solar power generation system, a heat conversion device, a molten salt heat storage system and an intelligent control system.

[0062] The solar power generation system comprises a panel support, an intelligent digital display controller and a storage battery, is used for converting sunlight into electric energy by using a solar panel, and provides clean and renewable energy for the system;

[0063] The heat conversion device adopts an integrated single-tank structure, is composed of a tank cover, a tank body and an oil tank, the tank body structure is a cylinder, Q345R steel plate material is adopted, the tank body is wrapped with an aluminum silicate fiber felt thermal insulation material outside, and the molten salt heat storage device, an electric heater and a heat exchanger are integrated in the tank body;

[0064] The molten salt heat storage system is used for selecting a composite nitrate medium as a molten salt heat storage material;

[0065] The intelligent control system comprises a molten salt constant temperature control system, a room temperature constant temperature control system and a Bluetooth transmission user interface system, is used for realizing electric energy storage according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel by using an intelligent control program, realizing real-time adjustment of the heat output power of the molten salt tank based on the fluctuation of the heat supply demand, and realizing intelligent temperature control.

[0066] The panel support is used for adjusting the front posture of the solar panel, so that the orientation is inclined by 45° to the south to obtain the best power generation efficiency; the intelligent digital display controller is used for regulating and controlling the input-output relationship among the solar panel, the storage battery and the external load, and realizing the distribution of the electric energy of the household appliances.

[0067] The heat conversion device provided by the embodiment of the present application has a tank body with a diameter of 162 mm and a height of 230 mm; the upper edge of the tank body is connected with a tank cover through a flange, and a sealing gasket is added to seal the tank. The flange disc of the tank cover edge is connected with the cylindrical tank body, and the tank body has a hole position at the upper end for connection with an oil tank, a hole position for inserting a temperature sensor for real-time detection of the temperature in the tank, and a hole position for placing a heat exchanger for fixing the heat exchanger. The tank top is reserved with a pressure relief hole; the tank body is made of 304 stainless steel. The tank body is composed of an upper half circular ring-shaped outer tank 1 and a cylindrical hollow inner tank 2, which are independent of each other, and the heat-conducting silicone oil is exchanged in the inner tank through an oil pump. The water heat exchanger adopts a spiral heat exchange structure and is placed in the tank 2. The two-stage heat exchange structure adjusts the heat exchange rate between water and molten salt by changing the heat exchange resistance. The heat-conducting oil-silicone oil is used as the intermediate heat exchange medium. The flash point of the heat-conducting oil in the open cup is 210℃±20℃, and the boiling point of the ordinary mineral oil in the closed system is below 350℃. When the device is not in use, the heat-conducting silicone oil is completely placed in the tank 1, and the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange pipe is blocked. When the device is in use, the heat-conducting silicone oil is transferred from the tank 1 to the tank 2 through the pump, and the heat is transferred from the molten salt to the heat-conducting oil and then to the water in the heat exchanger, so as to achieve the purpose of heat exchange.

[0068] The molten salt heat storage material of the molten salt heat storage system provided by the embodiment of the present application is Solar-Salt, which is a mixed molten salt of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate, and the volume of the molten salt is 0.216m 3 .

[0069] The intelligent control system provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0070] The molten salt constant temperature control system is used for inserting a K-type thermocouple into the molten salt, collecting temperature information and sending the temperature information to a 5V output module; the single-chip microcomputer reads the temperature information and compares the temperature information with an initial set molten salt target temperature, and when the temperature information is higher than the molten salt target temperature, the control signal of the electric heating tube is adjusted to a low level and the electric heating tube is turned off.

[0071] The room temperature constant temperature control system is used for inputting the signal collected by the temperature sensor placed outside to the single-chip microcomputer, and when the collected temperature information is higher than the set target indoor temperature, the control signal of the oil pump is adjusted to pump out the heat-conducting oil, reduce the heat exchange between the water and the high-temperature molten salt, and stop the heating of the room.

[0072] The Bluetooth transmission user interface system is used for pairing with the Bluetooth module on the mobile phone, opening the debugger in the mobile phone, including power-on, power-off, first heating, second heating, third heating, display of the molten salt temperature and display of the indoor temperature instructions; the instructions of the user are sent to the single-chip microcomputer through serial communication, the single-chip microcomputer outputs corresponding control signals to corresponding components, and the temperature information is displayed on the OLED screen.

[0073] 1. Technical principle

[0074] The overall structure of the photovoltaic + molten salt heating system is shown in Figure 2 . Electricity is generated by the roof photovoltaic panel during the day, and the electric heating method is used to realize the conversion of electricity into heat, and the heat is stored in the molten salt heat storage tank. When there is a demand for heating and hot water, the oil pump pumps the heat conducting oil in the oil tank into the lower heat exchange tank, and the heat in the molten salt is transferred to the water through the heat exchange pipe, and the water is circulated to the indoor heating through the pipeline; When there is no heating demand, the oil pump pumps the heat conducting oil back to the oil tank, greatly reducing the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange pipe, and using the strong heat storage capacity of the molten salt and the heat insulation material outside the heat storage tank, the heat converted by the photovoltaic module is stored.

[0075] 2. System structure

[0076] 2.1 Solar power generation system

[0077] As shown in Figure 3 , the solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electrical energy, also known as a photovoltaic cell, including a panel support, an intelligent digital display controller, and a battery, etc. The panel support is used to adjust the front attitude of the solar panel, so that it is inclined 45° south to obtain the best power generation efficiency; the intelligent digital display controller is used to regulate the input-output relationship between the solar panel, the battery and the external load, and to realize the reasonable distribution of the use of electrical energy for household appliances. This system converts solar energy into usable electrical energy, providing clean and renewable energy for the heating system.

[0078] 2.2 Tank structure

[0079] The heating conversion device of the heating system adopts an integrated single tank structure in the structural design, and the molten salt heat storage device, the electric heater and the heat exchanger are integrated in the tank body, so that the equipment has good heat preservation, small occupation space and compact and reasonable structure layout.

[0080] The tank is made of Q345R steel plate material, which has good comprehensive mechanical properties and process performance, and is widely used in the manufacture of boiler pressure vessels. The tank structure is composed of a tank cover, a tank body and an oil tank. The tank body structure is cylindrical. According to Du Zhongling's research, with the increase of the height-diameter ratio of the storage tank, the total heat loss shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and when the height-diameter ratio is about 1.4, the heat loss is the smallest. Therefore, the tank body is designed with a diameter of 162 mm and a height of 230 mm.

[0081] The upper edge of the tank body is connected with the tank cover by flange, and sealing gasket is added between them to seal the tank. The flange plate at the edge of the tank cover is connected with the cylindrical tank body, and the tank body has a hole position at the upper end for connecting with the oil tank, a hole position for inserting the temperature sensor for real-time detection of the tank temperature, and a hole position for placing the heat exchanger to fix the heat exchanger. In addition, a pressure relief hole is reserved at the top of the tank to prevent excessive internal pressure of the tank, which may cause danger.

[0082] The oil tank is designed with 304 stainless steel commonly used in the market as the material, which has the characteristics of low price, stable chemical properties and high thermal conductivity. The oil tank is composed of the upper half of the circular ring-shaped outer tank 1 and the cylindrical hollow inner tank 2, which are independent of each other, but can exchange the heat-conducting silicone oil inside them through the oil pump. The water heat exchanger adopts a spiral heat exchange structure and is placed in tank 2. The design purpose is to ensure the stability and safety of the system and to avoid direct heat exchange between cold water and molten salt. If the heat exchange rate is too high, the pressure in the heat exchanger will increase dramatically, and the heat exchanger is prone to burst, which is dangerous. This two-stage heat exchange structure can adjust the heat exchange rate between water and molten salt by changing the heat exchange resistance. The system uses heat-conducting oil, i.e. silicone oil, as the intermediate heat exchange medium. The flash point of the heat-conducting oil in the open cup is 210℃±20℃, and the boiling point of ordinary mineral oil in a closed system is below 350℃. When the device is not in use, the heat-conducting silicone oil is placed in tank 1, separated from the molten salt, and blocks the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange tube. When the device is in use, the heat-conducting silicone oil is transferred from tank 1 to tank 2 by the pump, and the heat is transferred from the molten salt to the heat-conducting oil, and then to the water in the heat exchanger, achieving the purpose of heat exchange while ensuring the safety and stability of the device.

[0083] As shown in Figure 4 , the tank body is wrapped with a layer of aluminum silicate fiber felt insulation material to reduce the heat dissipation rate between the tank body and the external environment. The system has a small volume and low requirements for the installation environment.

[0084] 2.3 Molten salt heat storage system

[0085] The molten salt heat storage material of the heating system is selected as a composite nitrate medium, i.e. Solar-Salt (60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate mixed molten salt). Compared with other molten salts, it has the advantages of low melting point, high heat storage capacity, good stability, weak corrosion, safety and no pollution, etc. It is mature in heat storage application and has been widely used in industrial waste heat recovery and solar power generation fields. For a 50m 2 space heating system, the heat load index is 70W / m 2 , and through calculation, the required daily heat storage of molten salt is 3.2*10 5 KJ. Assuming that the molten salt within the temperature range of 60~600℃ can be considered as effective heat storage, including sensible heat and phase change latent heat. Based on the above conditions, the volume of molten salt is finally calculated to be 0.216m 3 . Due to the high density of molten salt, the required volume is very small under the premise of meeting the demand, greatly reducing the overall land occupation of the system.

[0086] 2.4 Intelligent control system

[0087] The heating system designs an intelligent control program, according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, the efficient storage of electric energy can be realized, based on the fluctuation of heat supply demand, the heat output power of the molten salt tank can be adjusted in real time, and intelligent temperature control is realized. The overall architecture of the intelligent control system is as follows:

[0088] 2.4.1 Molten salt constant temperature control system

[0089] The K-type thermocouple is inserted into the molten salt, and the temperature information is sent to the 5V output module, which is read by the single-chip microcomputer and compared with the initial set molten salt target temperature. Once it is higher than the temperature, the control signal of the electric heating tube is adjusted to low level to close it. The system principle diagram is shown in Figure 5 .

[0090] 2.4.2 Room temperature constant temperature control system

[0091] The signal collected by the temperature sensor placed outside is input to the single-chip microcomputer. Once the collected temperature information is higher than the set target indoor temperature, the control signal of the oil pump is adjusted to pump out the heat-conducting oil, reduce the heat exchange between water and high-temperature molten salt, and stop heating the room. The system principle diagram is shown in Figure 6 .

[0092] 2.4.3 Bluetooth transmission user interface system

[0093] The Bluetooth module and OLED display screen are used together. The user pairs the Bluetooth module on the mobile phone, opens the debugger in the mobile phone, and has "power on", "power off", "one heating", "two heating", "three heating", "display molten salt temperature", "display indoor temperature" and other instructions. The user's instructions are sent to the single-chip microcomputer through serial communication, the single-chip microcomputer outputs corresponding control signals to the corresponding components, and displays the temperature information on the OLED screen. The system principle diagram is shown in Figure 7 .

[0094] II. Application Examples. In order to prove the creativity and technical value of the technical scheme of the present application, this part is an application example of the technical scheme on specific products or related technologies.

[0095] III. Evidence of the effects of the examples. The examples of the present application have achieved some positive effects during research and development or use, and indeed have great advantages compared with the prior art. The following content is described in combination with test data, charts, etc.

[0096] 3. Efficiency evaluation

[0097] 3.1 Environmental benefit evaluation

[0098] The system design runs for 25 years, the heat demand end of the surplus heat is saved in the molten salt tank for use, and can also be connected to the household hot water pipe network for domestic hot water supply, so the selected period in the calculation of benefits is not limited to the heating period of about 4 months in winter. Take 50m 2 The farmer's residence is the analysis object, and the energy generated by the system per day is equivalent to 24.69kg of standard coal. The standard coal combustion emission conditions are shown in Table 2.

[0099] Table 2: Emission of pollutants related to 1kg of standard coal

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 3, in addition to winter heating, the system can provide domestic hot water all year round. The following calculations are made according to the system running for 330 days a year, which can produce the following energy saving and emission reduction benefits per year:

[0102] 1) The annual equivalent reduction of CO2 emissions is 19697.7kg, and the annual emission reduction benefit is 3151.6 yuan according to 160 yuan / t.

[0103] 2) The annual equivalent reduction of NO x emissions is 301.4649kg, and the annual emission reduction benefit is 190.41 yuan according to 631.60 yuan / t.

[0104] 3) The annual equivalent reduction of SO2 emissions is 602.91kg, and the annual emission reduction benefit is 12058.2 yuan according to 20000 yuan / t.

[0105] 4) The annual equivalent reduction of carbon powder and soot emissions is 5484.6kg and 2745.93kg respectively, and the annual emission reduction benefit is 2242.25 yuan according to 275.2 yuan / t.

[0106] Table 3: Energy saving and emission reduction benefit estimation

[0107]

[0108] 3.2 Economic benefit evaluation

[0109] Compared with the installation of ordinary gas wall-mounted boiler in 50m 2 The farmer's home consumes 8 cubic meters of natural gas per day. According to the heating period of 120 days a year and the supply of domestic hot water for 210 days, the equipment investment cost, operation cost and economic benefit evaluation of the heating system of the project can be obtained.

[0110] Generally speaking, 50m 2 The farmer's home consumes 8 cubic meters of natural gas per day. According to the heating period of 120 days a year and the supply of domestic hot water for 210 days, the equipment investment cost, operation cost and economic benefit evaluation of the heating system of the project can be obtained.

[0111] As shown in Table 4, the service life of the gas-fired wall-hanging stove is about 8 years, the single device cost is about 8000 yuan, and the labor cost is about 500 yuan. Assuming that the wall-hanging stove is replaced only 3 times in 25 years, then:

[0112] Table 4 Cost analysis of ordinary gas-fired wall-hanging stove equipment running for 25 years

[0113]

[0114] Generally speaking, in order to meet the heating demand in winter, 50m 2 It is reasonable to configure 50m 2 Solar photovoltaic panels have a long service life and only need slight maintenance to have a service life of 25 years or even longer. In addition to meeting the indoor heating needs of farmers in winter, the photovoltaic + molten salt heating system can also produce surplus heat and electricity to supply farmers' daily hot water, daily electricity and other needs, and can produce about five times the cost of economic benefits, which is significantly better than ordinary gas-fired wall-hanging stoves in terms of economy. The specific cost analysis is shown in Table 5.

[0115] Table 5 Cost analysis of photovoltaic + molten salt heating system running for 25 years

[0116]

[0117] 4. Application mode expansion

[0118] The photovoltaic + molten salt heating system currently focuses on heating function, and a large amount of energy surplus will be generated in the period of low heat demand and sufficient light energy. Distributed photovoltaic grid connection is a major investment direction at present, but due to the fluctuation of electricity and the use of the same power distribution device by multiple farmers in the same village, it is difficult to achieve large-scale photovoltaic grid connection. The system is independent of the external power grid, and can store electricity and output scattered power when the heat demand is low by increasing the capacity of the storage battery and other energy storage methods, so as to maximize the utilization of energy.

[0119] 5. Feasibility analysis

[0120] The present application designs an integrated device through literature search, field research, scientific calculation and other methods, and confirms the feasibility of the operation mode and process design of the device through numerical simulation and farmer experiments.

[0121] It should be noted that embodiments of the present application can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion can be realized by a special logic; the software portion can be stored in a memory and executed by a proper instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or a specially designed hardware. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-mentioned apparatus and method can be realized by computer executable instructions and / or included in processor control codes, such as a carrier medium, such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory, such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier, such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The apparatus of the present application and its modules can be realized by a hardware circuit, such as a very large scale integrated circuit or a gate array, a semiconductor, such as a logic chip, a transistor, or a programmable hardware device, such as a field programmable gate array, a programmable logic device, or the like, by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuit and software, such as firmware.

[0122] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement within the technical range disclosed by the present application, and within the spirit and principle of the present application, should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rural home heating system, characterised in that, The rural household heating system comprises a solar power generation system, a heat conversion device, a molten salt heat storage system and an intelligent control system; The solar power generation system comprises a panel support, an intelligent digital display controller and a storage battery, and is used for converting sunlight into electric energy by using a solar panel to provide clean and renewable energy for the system; The heat conversion device adopts an integrated single tank structure and is composed of a tank cover, a tank body and an oil tank, the tank body is in a cylindrical shape and is made of Q345R steel plate material, the tank body is wrapped with an aluminum silicate fiber felt heat preservation material outside, and a molten salt heat storage device, an electric heater and heat exchange pipes are integrated in the tank body; The molten salt heat storage system is used for selecting a composite nitrate medium as a molten salt heat storage material; The intelligent control system comprises a molten salt constant temperature control system, a room temperature constant temperature control system and a Bluetooth transmission user interface system, and is used for realizing electric energy storage according to the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel by using an intelligent control program, and realizing intelligent temperature control by adjusting the heat output power of the molten salt tank based on the fluctuation of the heat supply demand; In the solar power generation system, the panel support is used for adjusting the front attitude of the solar panel to make the direction southward and inclined by 45 degrees to obtain the best power generation efficiency; the intelligent digital display controller is used for regulating and controlling the input-output relationship among the solar panel, the storage battery and an external load to realize the distribution of electric energy of household appliances; The diameter of the tank body of the heat conversion device is 162 mm and the height is 230 mm; the upper edge of the tank body is connected with the tank cover through a flange and a sealing gasket is added to seal the tank; the flange disc of the tank cover is connected with the cylindrical tank body, a hole position is left at the upper end of the tank body for connecting with the oil tank, a hole position for inserting a temperature sensor is provided to realize real-time detection of the temperature in the tank, and a hole position for placing a heat exchanger is provided to fix the heat exchanger, and a pressure relief hole is reserved on the top of the tank; The tank body is made of 304 stainless steel; the tank body is composed of an upper half part of a circular ring shape outer tank and a lower half part of a cylindrical hollow inner tank, and is independent of each other, and the heat-conducting silicon oil is exchanged in the inner tank through an oil pump; the heat exchange pipe adopts a spiral heat exchange structure and is placed in the inner tank, and the two-stage heat exchange structure adjusts the heat exchange rate between water and molten salt by changing the heat exchange thermal resistance; the heat-conducting oil-silicon oil is used as an intermediate heat exchange medium, the flash point of the heat-conducting oil in the open cup is 210 DEG C plus or minus 20 DEG C, and the boiling point of the ordinary mineral oil in the closed system is below 350 DEG C; When the device is not in use, the heat-conducting silicon oil is all placed in the outer tank and is separated from the molten salt to block the heat transfer between the molten salt and the heat exchange pipe; when the device is in use, the heat-conducting silicon oil is transferred from the outer tank to the inner tank through the pump, the heat is transferred from the molten salt to the heat-conducting oil and then to the water in the heat exchanger to realize the purpose of heat exchange.

2. The rural home heating system of claim 1, wherein, The molten salt heat storage material of the molten salt heat storage system is a composite nitrate medium, which is a mixed molten salt of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate, and the volume of the molten salt is 0.216 m 3 .

3. The rural home heating system of claim 1, wherein, The molten salt constant temperature control system is used for inserting a K-type thermocouple into the molten salt, collecting temperature information and sending the temperature information to a 5V output module; the temperature information is read by a single-chip microcomputer and compared with an initially set molten salt target temperature, and when the temperature is higher than the molten salt target temperature, the control signal of the electric heating tube is adjusted to be a low level and is turned off. The room temperature constant control system is used for inputting the signal collected by the external temperature sensor to the single-chip microcomputer, adjusting the control signal of the oil pump when the collected temperature information is higher than the set target indoor temperature, pumping out the heat conducting oil, reducing the heat exchange between water and high temperature molten salt, and stopping the heating of the indoor; The Bluetooth transmission user interface system is used for pairing with the Bluetooth module on the mobile phone, opening the debugger in the mobile phone, including power on, power off, one heating, two heating, three heating, display of molten salt temperature and display of indoor temperature instructions; The instructions of the user are sent to the single-chip microcomputer through serial communication, the single-chip microcomputer outputs corresponding control signals to the corresponding components, and the temperature information is displayed on the OLED screen.

4. A rural household heating system control method for applying the rural household heating system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, The rural household heating system control method comprises the following steps: Step one, convert solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels, select composite nitrate medium as heat storage medium, store the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic panels in the form of heat energy; Step two, design a single-tank molten salt constant temperature control system, use the sensible heat and latent heat of phase change of molten salt, and couple a Bluetooth transmission user interface system to realize remote monitoring and control of the system by using a mobile device; Step three, adopt a double-pipe cascade heat exchange structure design with built-in heat exchange pipes and an oil storage tank, adjust the thermal resistance between the heat conducting oil and the molten salt by changing the contact area between the heat conducting oil and the molten salt, and realize intelligent control of the system heat output power; Step four, the system is connected with a heat exchange device, water is used as the heat exchange medium, the heat stored in the molten salt is used for indoor heating and domestic hot water, and solar energy is used to maintain the normal operation of the circuit components.

5. An information data processing terminal, characterized by The information data processing terminal is used to realize the rural household heating system according to any one of claims 1-3.

6. A computer device, comprising: The computer device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to make the processor execute the steps of the rural household heating system control method according to claim 4.

7. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program being executed by a processor to make the processor execute the steps of the rural household heating system control method according to claim 4.

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