A transmission tower instability experimental device and experimental method caused by landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall

Abstract

The present application relates to geotechnical engineering technical field, especially relates to a kind of landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as inducement transmission tower instability experimental device, including model box, slope rock-soil body model, transmission tower and its foundation model, multi-angle rainfall device and monitoring system, and the experimental method simulated using the landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as inducement transmission tower instability experimental device.This application studies the relationship between rainfall, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration and landslide deformation characteristics, further studies the collapse instability mechanism of transmission tower structure under the action of landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall, studies the triggering mechanism of landslide disaster under different rainfall conditions of slope, and the triggering mechanism of transmission tower structure collapse instability under the action of landslide disaster, to provide more theoretical basis for preventing the collapse of transmission tower structure under the action of landslide geological disasters.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a transmission tower instability experimental device and experimental method caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters. BACKGROUND

[0002] After years of development, China has built a super-long power transmission network across a wide range of areas. It is inevitable to pass through many regions with complex geological and topographical conditions, harsh environmental conditions, and variable climates along the way. As the connection node between high-voltage transmission lines and the ground, transmission towers often need to be built on steep slopes in suburban areas with sparse population to reduce transmission distance and power loss, and to avoid mutual influence with human activities. Such topographical conditions increase the possibility of geological disasters, and once the geological disasters act on the transmission tower to cause power supply failure, it will bring great pressure and threat to the stable operation of the power system and the normal supply of electricity, and easily cause a chain reaction of disasters, causing a wider range of influence and more serious losses.

[0003] According to the summary report of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, from 2018 to 2021, there were a total of 3920 overhead transmission line towers affected by geological disaster hazards. Among them, flood disasters accounted for more than 40%, and landslides accounted for nearly 25%. Rainfall, as the main inducing factor, accounted for nearly 70%. The current determination of transmission tower foundation instability caused by rainfall-induced geological disasters generally analyzes a certain state of landslide and conducts on-site monitoring. Analyzing a certain state of landslide simplifies the landslide and the geology it is in, which cannot accurately reflect the complex process of landslide development to some extent; the on-site monitoring method can truly reflect the actual state of the landslide, but most of the time it intervenes after the landslide has obvious signs or has already occurred, lacks monitoring data from the incubation to the start-up stage of the landslide, and cannot reflect the complete landslide development process. The present application further studies the collapse instability mechanism of the transmission tower structure under the action of rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters by studying the relationship between rainfall, rainfall intensity, and rainfall duration and the landslide deformation characteristics, the triggering mechanism of the landslide disaster of the slope under different rainfall conditions, and the triggering mechanism of the collapse instability of the transmission tower structure under the action of the landslide disaster, to provide more theoretical basis for preventing the collapse and damage of the transmission tower structure under the action of the landslide geological disaster. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a rainfall-induced landslide geological disaster transmission tower foundation instability experimental method, which overcomes the defects of being unable to accurately reflect the complex process of landslide development, lacking monitoring data from the incubation to the start-up stage of the landslide, and being unable to reflect the complete landslide development process.

[0005] In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides a transmission tower instability experimental device and experimental method caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters.

[0006] A transmission tower instability experimental device caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, characterized by comprising a model box, a slope rock-soil body model, a transmission tower and its foundation model, a multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system are arranged in the model box, the transmission tower and its foundation model comprises a transmission tower upper structure 5, a transmission tower pile foundation 6, a moving counterweight 8 and a fixed counterweight 9, and the transmission tower pile foundation 6 is arranged at the top of the slope rock-soil body model.

[0007] Further, in the transmission tower foundation instability experimental device caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, the model box 1 is a transparent and open-top rectangular box body made of organic glass, one side of the box body 1 is provided with a drainage hole 26, and the drainage hole 26 is connected with a water pipe provided with a stop valve.

[0008] Further, in the transmission tower foundation instability experimental device caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, the slope rock-soil body model comprises a sliding zone 2, a landslide body 3 and a landslide bed 4; the sliding zone 2 comprises an upper fissure section 27 of the landslide, a lower fissure section 28 and a sliding resistance section 29 therebetween, the slope rock-soil body model is placed in the model box, the landslide body 3 is the main collapsed soil body in the landslide test process; and the landslide bed 4 does not participate in the landslide process.

[0009] Further, in the transmission tower foundation instability experimental device caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, the transmission tower and its foundation model further comprises a bedrock 7 and a suspension rope 30, and the transmission tower and its foundation model are adjusted and constrained at the top end of the slope rock-soil body model according to its boundary; a circular hole is arranged at the upper portion of the moving counterweight 8, and the suspension rope 30 suspends the moving counterweight 8 on the fixed counterweight 9 through the circular hole. Since the transmission tower is a high-rise structure, when considering the transmission tower foundation failure mode experiment caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, due to the limitation of experimental conditions, a proportion model is made by using the transmission tower legs and part of the segments, considering the mass similarity and geometric similarity and the eccentric effect generated by the foundation failure, two kinds of counterweights are adopted: the moving counterweight 8 and the fixed counterweight 9, it should be noted that the fixed counterweight is calculated according to the equivalent mass of the weight of the transmission tower, and the moving counterweight freely slides under the eccentric effect, and the additional bending moment value M generated is

[0010] M=mg×e (1)

[0011] Wherein, m is the mass of the moving counterweight, and e represents the eccentricity generated by the displacement of the moving counterweight, which can be measured.

[0012] Further, in the power transmission tower foundation instability experiment device caused by landslide geological disasters due to rainfall, the multi-angle rainfall device includes a large-capacity water tank 10, a water supply pipeline 11, a water pump 12, a pressurizing device 13, an electronic flow control device 14, a pipeline valve 15, a distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle 16, a rainfall sensor 17, a water collecting tank 18, and a support rod 31. The multi-angle rainfall device is used to simulate different rainfall angles and is hung on the model box through the support rod 31. The water pump 12 is connected with the large-capacity water tank 10 through the water supply pipeline 11. The outlet of the water pump 12 is provided with the pressurizing device 13 and the electronic flow control device 14. The pipeline valve 15 is arranged between the electronic flow control device 14 and the distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle 16. The pressurizing device 13 can realize the change of the rainfall form, and the electronic flow control device 14 can realize the adjustment of the flow and the flow rate of the distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle 16. The landslide geological disasters caused by different rainfall angles and rainfall intensities are simulated to realize the failure simulation of the power transmission tower foundation. The water collecting tank 18 is connected with the model box 1 through glass glue. After the rainfall infiltrates the slope model, the rainfall flows into the water collecting tank 18 through the drainage hole 26 at the bottom of the model box and the drainage pipe. The rainfall sensor 17 is buried in the landslide body 3 from top to bottom.

[0013] Further, in the power transmission tower foundation instability experiment device caused by landslide geological disasters due to rainfall, the monitoring system includes a slope monitoring system and a power transmission tower foundation monitoring. The slope monitoring system includes a soil pore water pressure sensor 19, a soil moisture content sensor 20, an inclinometer 21, and a displacement meter 22. The power transmission tower foundation monitoring includes a foundation displacement sensor 23 and an inclination sensor 24. The slope monitoring system can realize real-time analysis of the rainfall-triggered landslide. The soil pore water pressure sensor 19, the soil moisture content sensor 20, and the displacement meter 22 are buried in the landslide body 3 from top to bottom. The inclinometer 21 is buried in the landslide bed 4. The power transmission tower foundation monitoring can realize real-time analysis of the power transmission tower instability caused by the rainfall-triggered landslide. The foundation displacement sensor 23 and the inclination sensor 24 are respectively fixed on the power transmission tower pile foundation 6. Each sensor can realize real-time acquisition and recording of the monitored data on the computer by connecting the data collector to the computer.

[0014] Further, in the transmission tower foundation instability experimental device of the landslide geological disaster caused by rainfall, the slip zone 2 is arranged in a circular arc shape or a straight line shape, and the thickness is set to 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the height of the slope model. According to the performance similarity ratio theory of the slip zone, the cohesion of the similar material of the slip zone is almost 0, and the internal friction angle is almost consistent with the internal friction angle of the original slip zone soil. Therefore, the slip zone 2 is made of double-layer colored plastic cloth and assisted by about 1 cm of sand, which can simulate the water permeability of the slip zone and the weak shear strength of the slip zone, and conforms to the basic physical and mechanical properties of the slip zone. The landslide body 3 is stacked by the surface shallow dry soil in the natural state, and the surface shallow dry soil has a large porosity, so that the rainwater can easily infiltrate, and the real landslide environment can be better simulated. The landslide bed 4 is stable, and is made of bricks and stones, and is filled and finished with cement soil of a certain thickness to simulate the weathered rock mass of the landslide bed in the actual landslide site.

[0015] Further, in the transmission tower foundation instability experimental device of the landslide geological disaster caused by rainfall, the slip zone 2 is arranged in a circular arc shape or a straight line shape, and the thickness is set to 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the height of the slope model. According to the performance similarity ratio theory of the slip zone, the cohesion of the similar material of the slip zone is almost 0, and the internal friction angle is almost consistent with the internal friction angle of the original slip zone soil. Therefore, the slip zone 2 is made of double-layer colored plastic cloth and assisted by about 1 cm of sand, which can simulate the water permeability of the slip zone and the weak shear strength of the slip zone, and conforms to the basic physical and mechanical properties of the slip zone. The landslide body 3 is stacked by the surface shallow dry soil in the natural state, and the surface shallow dry soil has a large porosity, so that the rainwater can easily infiltrate, and the real landslide environment can be better simulated. The landslide bed 4 is stable, and is made of bricks and stones, and is filled and finished with cement soil of a certain thickness to simulate the weathered rock mass of the landslide bed in the actual landslide site.

[0016] A transmission tower foundation instability experimental method of a landslide geological disaster caused by rainfall, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) According to the similarity ratio theory, a transmission tower and its foundation model are made;

[0018] (2) According to the size of the transmission tower and its foundation model and the size of its influence range, the size of the experimental model box 1 required is designed;

[0019] (3) In the model box, the slope rock-soil body model is stacked by the experimental rock-soil body material according to the properties of the slip zone 2, the landslide body 3 and the landslide bed 4;

[0020] (4) In the model box 1, a multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system are arranged: the multi-angle rainfall device simulates the rainfall environment, the soil pore water pressure sensor 19, the soil water content sensor 20, the inclinometer 21 and the displacement meter 22 are arranged at reasonable positions of the slope foundation; the displacement sensor 23 and the inclination sensor 24 are arranged at the transmission tower foundation; after installation, the slope rock-soil body and the transmission tower structure coupling model are naturally consolidated for three days, the sensors are connected to the corresponding reading instruments, and the experimental data of the sensors are recorded in real time; the high-resolution camera 25 is arranged outside the model box;

[0021] (5) The large-capacity water tank is filled with water at the beginning of the test, to ensure that the water tank has sufficient water during the experiment, the rainfall sprinkler is controlled by the pressurizing device 13 to control the spraying form, and the water pump 12 and the electronic flow control device 14 set corresponding parameters according to the required simulation of the rainfall intensity of the actual project;

[0022] (6) The rainfall time is controlled until the landslide occurs, the deformation of the slope and the power tower foundation is observed, and then the rainfall simulation is continued until the power tower foundation fails, and the water pipe valve 15 is closed;

[0023] (7) The displacement change of the slope soil body and the shape change of the power tower structure are tracked and observed throughout the process by the three cameras 25, the sensor data is recorded in real time, and data processing and analysis are performed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The power tower instability experiment device provided by the present application can monitor the development process of the deformation of the slope and the power tower foundation in real time, master the monitoring data from the incubation to the start-up stage of the landslide, and thus prevent the instability of the power tower foundation caused by the landslide disaster due to rainfall. The experimental device sets a movable counterweight and a fixed counterweight, which can reduce the deviation between the experimental collapse of the power tower due to rainfall and the actual collapse of the power tower structure due to rainfall, and improve the reliability of the simulation experiment data.

[0026] 2. The power tower instability experiment device provided by the present application can test the relationship between the occurrence of landslide and power tower collapse and the rainfall amount and rainfall time by adjusting the flow, flow rate and nozzle angle of the rotatable rainfall nozzle, which helps to clarify the failure mode and failure mechanism of the power tower under the landslide geological disaster. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Fig. 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slope rock-soil body model of the present application.

[0028] Fig. 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-angle rainfall device of the present application.

[0029] Fig. 3 It is a coupling model diagram of the slope rock-soil body and the power tower and its foundation structure of the present application.

[0030] Fig. 4 It is a whole structure principle diagram of the experimental device of the present application.

[0031] Wherein, the reference signs are 1: box, 2: sliding zone, 3: landslide body, 4: landslide bed, 5: upper structure of transmission tower, 6: pile foundation of transmission tower, 7: bedrock, 8: moving weight, 9: fixed weight, 10: large-capacity water tank, 11: water supply pipeline, 12: water pump, 13: pressure device, 14: electronic flow control device, 15: pipeline valve, 16: distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle, 17: rainfall sensor, 18: water collecting tank, 19: soil pore water pressure sensor, 20: soil moisture content sensor, 21: inclinometer, 22: displacement meter, 23: foundation displacement sensor, 24: inclination sensor, 25: high-resolution camera, 26: drainage hole, 27: upper fissure section, 28: lower fissure section, 29: anti-slide section, 30: hanging rope, 31: support rod. Embodiment

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments. Embodiment

[0033] A transmission tower instability experimental device caused by rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters, the structural diagram is shown in Figs. 1-4 , including a model box, a slope rock-soil body model, a transmission tower and its foundation model, a multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system, and further including a plurality of high-resolution cameras 25, the slope rock-soil body model, the transmission tower and its foundation model, the multi-angle rainfall device and the monitoring system are arranged in the model box, and the high-resolution cameras 25 are arranged outside the model box.

[0034] The transmission tower and its foundation model include the upper structure of transmission tower 5, the pile foundation of transmission tower 6, the moving weight 8, the fixed weight 9, the bedrock 7 and the hanging rope 30, the pile foundation of transmission tower 6 is arranged at the top of the slope rock-soil body model, the moving weight 8 is provided with a circular hole at the upper portion, and the hanging rope 30 suspends the moving weight 8 on the fixed weight 9 through the circular hole.

[0035] The model box is a transparent rectangular box with an open top made of organic glass, a drainage hole 26 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the box 1, and the drainage hole 26 is connected with a water pipe provided with a stop valve.

[0036] The slope rock-soil body model includes the sliding zone 2, the landslide body 3 and the landslide bed 4; the sliding zone 2 includes the upper fissure section 27 of the landslide, the lower fissure section 28 of the landslide and the anti-slide section 29 between the two.

[0037] The multi-angle rainfall device includes the large-capacity water tank 10, the water supply pipeline 11, the water pump 12, the pressure device 13, the electronic flow control device 14, the pipeline valve 15, the distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle 18, the rainfall sensor 17, the water collecting tank 18 and the support rod 31.

[0038] The monitoring system includes a slope monitoring system and a power transmission tower foundation monitoring, the slope monitoring system includes a soil pore water pressure sensor 19, a soil moisture content sensor 20, an inclinometer 21, and a displacement meter 22; the soil pore water pressure sensor 19 is embedded in the landslide bed 4, and the soil moisture content sensor 20, the inclinometer 21 and the displacement meter 22 are embedded in the landslide body 3; the power transmission tower foundation monitoring includes a foundation displacement sensor 23 and an inclination sensor 24, and the foundation displacement sensor 23 and the inclination sensor 24 are fixed on the power transmission tower pile foundation 6.

[0039] The existing power transmission tower built on the steep slope of the mountain in the suburban area where the population is sparse, from the local meteorological bureau to understand the rainfall in the area, the rainfall induced landslide geological disaster of the power transmission tower foundation instability experimental device provided by the present application is used to simulate the operation process as follows:

[0040] (1) According to the similarity ratio theory, the model of power transmission tower and its foundation is made: according to the similarity relationship of experimental model

[0041]

[0042] In the formula, S L is the geometric similarity ratio, S E is the elastic modulus similarity ratio, S a is the acceleration similarity ratio, S p is the equivalent density similarity ratio.

[0043] Considering the mass similarity and geometric similarity and the eccentric effect of foundation failure, two kinds of counterweights are used to obtain the model of power transmission tower and its foundation, and the model of power transmission tower and its foundation is adjusted and constrained at the top of the slope rock-soil body model according to its boundary; the upper structure 5 of the power transmission tower is located on the upper part of the power transmission tower pile foundation 6, the fixed counterweight 9 is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper structure 5 of the power transmission tower, and the movable counterweight 8 can freely slide on the suspension rope 30; when the power transmission tower tilts, the movable counterweight freely slides under the eccentric effect, and the additional bending moment value M generated by the movable counterweight is

[0044] M=mg×e (1)

[0045] Where, m is the mass of the movable counterweight, and e represents the eccentricity generated by the displacement of the movable counterweight, which can be measured.

[0046] According to the size of the model of power transmission tower and its foundation and the size of its influence range, the size of the model box required for the experiment is obtained.

[0047] (3) In the model box, the slope rock-soil model is built with the experimental rock-soil material, the slope rock-soil model is built by artificial method, the slip zone 2 is made of double-layer colored plastic cloth and assisted by about 1 cm sand; the landslide body 3 is built by the natural surface shallow dry soil; the landslide bed 4 can be built by masonry, the landslide body 3 is the main collapsed soil body in the process of landslide test, and the landslide bed 4 does not participate in the landslide process.

[0048] (4) In the model box 1, a multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system are arranged: the multi-angle rainfall device simulates the rainfall environment, the change of the rainfall form can be realized through the pressurizing device 13, the flow and the flow rate of the distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle 16 can be adjusted through the electronic flow control device 14, the simulation of the failure of the transmission tower foundation caused by the landslide geological disaster under different rainfall angles and rainfall intensities is realized; the monitoring system comprises a slope monitoring system and a transmission tower foundation monitoring system, the slope monitoring system can realize real-time analysis on the rainfall-triggered landslide, and the transmission tower foundation monitoring can realize real-time analysis on the instability of the transmission tower caused by the rainfall-triggered landslide; after installation, the slope rock-soil and the transmission tower structure coupling model are naturally consolidated for three days, the sensors are connected to the corresponding reading instruments, the sensor experimental data are recorded in real time, the sensors can realize real-time acquisition and recording of the monitored data by connecting the data collectors to the computer, and the high-resolution cameras 25 are arranged outside the model box and one camera is arranged opposite to the slope rock-soil model, one camera is arranged on each side of the slope rock-soil model, and the whole process of the soil body change of the slope is recorded and tracked.

[0049] (5) When the test starts, the large-capacity water tank is filled with water to ensure that the water tank has sufficient water during the experiment, the pressurizing device 13 is used to control the spraying form of the rainfall nozzle, the water pump 12 and the electronic flow control device 14 are used to set the flow, the flow rate and the nozzle angle of the rainfall nozzle according to the actual rainfall intensity of the region;

[0050] (6) The rainfall time is controlled until the landslide occurs, the deformation of the slope and the transmission tower foundation is observed, then the rainfall is continued to be simulated until the transmission tower foundation fails, and the water pipe valve 15 is closed;

[0051] (7) The whole process of the displacement change of the slope soil body and the shape change of the transmission tower structure is tracked and observed by the three cameras 25, the sensor data are recorded in real time, and data processing and analysis are carried out.

[0052] In summary, the present application can master the related data of the slope soil and the power transmission tower from the beginning of displacement to collapse by tracking and observing the displacement change of the slope soil and the shape change of the power transmission tower structure through three cameras, and then plays a preventive role in the instability of the power transmission tower foundation caused by the landslide geological disaster due to rainfall; the experimental device sets the mobile counterweight and the fixed counterweight, which can reduce the deviation between the collapse of the simulated power transmission tower due to rainfall and the collapse of the power transmission tower structure due to rainfall in the actual situation, and improve the reliability of the simulation experiment data; the experimental device can test the relationship between the landslide and the power transmission tower collapse and the rainfall and the rainfall time by adjusting the flow, the flow rate and the nozzle angle of the rotatable rainfall nozzle, which is helpful to clarify the failure mode and the failure mechanism of the power transmission tower under the landslide geological disaster.

[0053] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the application and its practical application and to allow others skilled in the art to understand the application for various exemplary embodiments and its various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall, characterized in that: The invention comprises a model box, wherein a slope rock and soil model, a transmission tower and its foundation model, a multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system are arranged in the model box, wherein the transmission tower and its foundation model comprise a transmission tower superstructure (5), a transmission tower pile foundation (6), a movable counterweight (8) and a fixed counterweight (9), and the transmission tower pile foundation (6) is arranged on the top of the slope rock and soil model; The transmission tower and its foundation model also include bedrock (7) and a suspension rope (30). A circular hole is provided on the upper portion of the movable counterweight (8), and the suspension rope (30) suspends the movable counterweight (8) on the fixed counterweight (9) through the circular hole.

2. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The model box (1) is a transparent rectangular box made of organic glass and open at the top. A drainage hole (26) is provided at the bottom of one side of the box, and the drainage hole (26) is connected to a water pipe provided with a stop valve.

3. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The slope rock and soil model includes a slip zone (2), a landslide body (3) and a landslide bed (4); the slip zone (2) includes an upper fissure section (27) of the landslide, a lower fissure section (28) and a slip-resistance section (29) therebetween.

4. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-angle rainfall device comprises a large-capacity water tank (10), a water supply pipe (11), a water pump (12), a pressure device (13), an electronic flow control device (14), a pipe valve (15), a distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle (16), a rain sensor (17), a water collection tank (18), and a support rod (31); the multi-angle rainfall device is suspended on the model box through the support rod (31); the water pump (12) is connected to the large-capacity water tank (10) through the water supply pipe (11); the pressure device (13) and the electronic flow control device (14) are arranged at the outlet of the water pump (12); a pipe valve (15) is arranged between the electronic flow control device (14) and the distributed rotatable rainfall nozzle (16); the water collection tank (18) is connected to the model box (1) through glass glue; and the rain sensor (17) is buried in the landslide body (3).

5. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring system comprises a slope monitoring system and a transmission tower foundation monitoring system. The slope monitoring system comprises a soil pore water pressure sensor (19), a soil moisture sensor (20), an inclinometer (21), and a displacement meter (22); the soil pore water pressure sensor (19) is buried in the landslide bed (4), and the soil moisture sensor (20), the inclinometer (21), and the displacement meter (22) are buried in the landslide body (3); and the transmission tower foundation monitoring system comprises a foundation displacement sensor (23) and an inclination sensor (24); and the foundation displacement sensor (23) and the inclination sensor (24) are fixed on the transmission tower pile foundation (6).

6. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of high-resolution cameras (25), and each high-resolution camera (25) is fixed outside the model box through a tripod bracket.

7. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The slip zone (2) is in an arc shape or a straight line shape, and its thickness is set to 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the height of the slope rock and soil model.

8. The transmission tower instability test device based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The slip zone (2) is made of double-layer colored plastic sheets supplemented with about 1 cm of sand; the landslide body (3) is made of shallow dry soil in a natural state; and the landslide bed (4) is built with bricks and stones.

9. A transmission tower instability test method based on landslide geological disasters caused by rainfall, characterized in that: The experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used, comprising the following steps: (1) Based on the similarity ratio theory, make a transmission tower and its foundation model; (2) Design the size of the model box (1) required for the experiment based on the size of the transmission tower and its foundation model and the size of its impact range; (3) In the model box, a slope rock and soil model is constructed using the rock and soil materials required for the experiment according to the properties of the slip zone (2), the landslide body (3) and the landslide bed (4); (4) A multi-angle rainfall device and a monitoring system are installed in the model box (1); after the installation is completed, the slope rock and soil mass and the transmission tower structure coupling model are naturally consolidated for three days, and each sensor is connected to the corresponding reading instrument to record the sensor experimental data in real time; a high-resolution camera (25) is arranged outside the model box; (5) At the beginning of the test, fill the large-capacity water tank with water to ensure that there is sufficient water in the water tank during the experiment. Then, the pressure device (13) controls the spraying pattern of the rainfall nozzle. The water pump (12) and the electronic flow control device (14) set the corresponding parameters according to the rainfall intensity required to simulate the actual project; (6) Control the rainfall time until the landslide occurs, observe the deformation of the slope and the transmission tower foundation, and then continue to simulate rainfall until the transmission tower foundation fails, and close the water pipe valve (15); (7) The displacement changes of the slope soil and the structural changes of the transmission tower are tracked and observed throughout the entire process by three cameras (25), the sensor data are recorded in real time, and data processing and analysis are performed.

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