A device and method for testing fuel and high-temperature alloy under alternating thermal environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fuel and high-temperature alloy test device and method under alternating thermal environment, to solve the technical problems that the performance change of current fuel under actual alternating environment and its compatibility with high-temperature alloy and other parameters are difficult to obtain.The specific includes sequentially connected medium storage tank, test unit and recovery storage tank;The medium storage tank is used to store normal temperature fuel;The test unit includes test shell and first heating mechanism;The test shell is provided with high-temperature fuel cavity in communication with medium storage tank and recovery storage tank respectively;The inner wall of the high-temperature fuel cavity is provided with first temperature measuring port;The first heating mechanism is connected with the test shell, for heating test shell;Recovery storage tank is used to recover the fuel flowing out of high-temperature fuel cavity;A valve is provided on the pipeline between the medium storage tank and the test unit;D valve is provided on the pipeline between the test unit and the recovery storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a testing apparatus for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys, specifically to a testing apparatus and method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating heat conditions. Background Technology

[0002] When an aircraft flies at hypersonic speeds of Mach 6-7, the total temperature of the incoming airflow in front of the engine is between 1660K and 2100K, and the combustion chamber exhaust temperature is approximately 2800K during engine operation. Therefore, thermal protection measures must be implemented to reduce the wall temperature. Active cooling thermal protection is a very effective method, using fuel as a coolant to actively cool the combustion chamber walls, thus reducing the wall temperature.

[0003] When an aircraft operates intermittently due to mission requirements, the engine combustion chamber experiences two distinct thermal states: during engine operation, the combustion chamber medium temperature is approximately 2800K; when the engine is not operating, the combustion chamber medium temperature is approximately 1660K–2100K. Furthermore, as mission requirements change, the combustion chamber thermal state continuously switches between high and low temperatures, and the fuel involved in active cooling is also subjected to this alternating thermal environment. Drawing on the development experience of thermal protection for liquid rocket engine combustion chambers, the aircraft combustion chamber utilizes regenerative cooling for active thermal protection. The inner wall employs rectangular cooling channels. During operation, ambient temperature fuel enters from the engine's end section, where it is heated to saturated, two-phase, and decomposed states within the cooling channels before entering the injection device for combustion. Whether the fuel can function properly under this alternating thermal environment depends on whether coking and carbon buildup occurs upon contact with the high-temperature alloy walls of the combustion chamber. Carbon buildup affects the reliable protection of the combustion chamber, becoming a crucial factor restricting the design of the aircraft combustion chamber's active cooling structure. Currently, it is difficult to obtain parameters such as the performance changes of fuel under actual alternating environments and its compatibility with high-temperature alloys. It is necessary to develop an experimental device to study this physical process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test apparatus and method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, so as to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to obtain parameters such as the performance changes of fuel oil under actual alternating environment and its compatibility with high-temperature alloys.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a test apparatus for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, characterized in that it includes a medium storage tank, a test unit and a recovery storage tank connected in sequence.

[0006] The medium storage tank is used to store fuel oil at room temperature;

[0007] The test unit includes a test shell and a first heating mechanism; the test shell is provided with a high-temperature fuel chamber that is respectively connected to a medium storage tank and a recovery storage tank; a first temperature measuring port is provided on the inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber; the first heating mechanism is connected to the test shell and is used to heat the test shell;

[0008] The recovery tank is used to recover fuel flowing out of the high-temperature fuel chamber;

[0009] Valve A is installed on the pipeline between the medium storage tank and the test unit; valve D is installed on the pipeline between the test unit and the recovery tank.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a preheating unit disposed between the medium storage tank and the test unit;

[0011] The preheating unit includes a preheating pipe and a second heating mechanism; the preheating pipe is connected to the medium storage tank and the high-temperature fuel chamber inside the test shell, respectively; the second heating mechanism is connected to the preheating pipe and is used to heat the preheating pipe.

[0012] A C valve is installed on the pipeline between the preheating pipeline and the test shell.

[0013] Furthermore, the preheating pipe is also connected to the recovery storage tank;

[0014] A valve B is installed on the pipeline between the preheating pipeline and the recovery storage tank;

[0015] The preheating pipe is spiral-shaped.

[0016] Furthermore, a first flow meter, a first pressure gauge, and a first thermometer are installed on the preheating pipe on the side closer to the medium storage tank; a second pressure gauge and a second thermometer are installed on the side of the preheating pipe away from the medium storage tank.

[0017] A second flow meter, a third pressure meter, and a third thermometer are installed on the pipe on the side of the test shell closest to the preheating pipe; a fourth pressure meter and a fourth thermometer are installed on the pipe on the side of the test shell furthest from the preheating pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, the test shell includes an elongated shell cover and a shell body;

[0019] The cover is mounted on the body; the high-temperature fuel chamber is located between the cover and the body.

[0020] The high-temperature fuel chamber is located on the inner wall of one side of the shell body, and multiple regenerative cooling grooves are provided along its length to simulate some or all of the cooling grooves in the combustion chamber.

[0021] The shell cover has multiple fuel inlets arranged side by side along its width direction, and multiple fuel outlets arranged side by side along its width direction; the medium storage tank is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber through the fuel inlets; the recovery storage tank is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber through the fuel outlets.

[0022] The first temperature measuring port is located on the housing cover and between the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet;

[0023] The first heating mechanism is connected to the shell body.

[0024] Furthermore, the test housing also includes a fuel inlet collector and a fuel outlet collector;

[0025] The fuel inlet manifold is installed on the housing cover and is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber through the fuel inlet. It is also connected to the medium storage tank through the inlet pipe joint. The fuel inlet manifold is used to distribute fuel.

[0026] The fuel outlet collector is installed on the housing cover and is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber through the fuel outlet. It is also connected to the recovery tank through the outlet pipe joint. The fuel outlet collector is used to collect fuel.

[0027] Furthermore, the fuel inlet collector includes a long, narrow first arc groove and two first baffles respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the first arc groove; the opening of the first arc groove is connected to each fuel inlet, and the inlet pipe connector is installed at the bottom of the first arc groove;

[0028] The fuel outlet collector includes a long, narrow second arc groove and two second baffles respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the second arc groove; the opening of the second arc groove is connected to each fuel outlet, and the outlet pipe connector is installed at the bottom of the second arc groove.

[0029] This invention also provides a test method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal conditions, characterized by the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Open valves A and D, and the ambient temperature fuel flows sequentially from the medium storage tank to the high temperature fuel chamber and recovery tank inside the test shell; at the same time, turn on the first heating mechanism to heat the test shell and the dynamic fuel inside it until the first preset temperature is reached;

[0031] Step 2: Close valve D. At the same time, the first heating mechanism stops heating for the first preset time.

[0032] Step 3: Repeat steps 1-2 N times, where N is the first preset number of times;

[0033] Step 4: Close valve A and open valve D. Fuel flows from the high-temperature fuel chamber to the recovery tank. Then, the test shell is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility between the high-temperature fuel and the high-temperature alloy structure.

[0034] This invention also provides another method for testing fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal conditions, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Open valves A and B, close valves C and D, and turn on the second heating mechanism. Fuel flows from the medium storage tank to the preheating pipeline and the recovery storage tank in sequence. The fuel is gradually heated to the second preset temperature in the preheating pipeline.

[0036] Step 2: Turn on the first heating mechanism to heat the test shell until it reaches the third preset temperature, which is higher than the second preset temperature;

[0037] Step 3: Open valve C and close valve B. Fuel that has reached the second preset temperature flows from the preheating pipe into the test housing.

[0038] Step 4: Open valve D, and the first heating mechanism will heat the fuel again until it reaches the fourth preset temperature; the fourth preset temperature is higher than the third preset temperature.

[0039] Step 5: Close valve D and gradually reduce the heating power of the first heating mechanism to maintain the fuel temperature inside the test housing at the fourth preset temperature for the second preset duration.

[0040] Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 M times; M is the second preset number of times;

[0041] Step 7: Close valve A and open valve D. The fuel flows to the recovery tank. Then, the test shell is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility of high-temperature fuel with high-temperature alloy structures.

[0042] Furthermore, a secondary insulation step is included between steps 6 and 7:

[0043] Open valve B and close valve C to allow the fuel to remain in the test housing for the third preset time.

[0044] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0045] 1. The present invention provides a method to create an alternating thermal environment by controlling a first heating mechanism, thereby simulating the changing characteristics of the combustion chamber in actual use, in order to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of fuel under alternating heat flow conditions. At the same time, it can also complete the compatibility test of high-temperature fuel and high-temperature alloy structure, verify the feasibility of the technical solution, and ensure the safety of the engine.

[0046] 2. The fuel and high-temperature alloy test device under alternating thermal environment provided by the present invention can obtain the real thermal environment of the combustion chamber of the hypersonic vehicle power system through electric heating, and the heat flow range of the simulated thermal environment can reach 0.5 to 2.0 MW / ㎡.

[0047] 3. The test apparatus of the present invention can detect the compatibility of fuel with different high-temperature alloys.

[0048] 4. This invention achieves compatibility between fuel and high-temperature alloys under alternating heat environments without ignition, which is convenient, quick, and cost-effective.

[0049] 5. This invention can be used to test and detect the characteristics of coking and carbon deposits under different working conditions, as well as the compatibility between fuel and high-temperature alloys. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test device for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test unit in this invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel inlet collector in this invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel outlet collector in this invention.

[0054] Icon labels:

[0055] 1-Media storage tank, 2-Test unit, 21-Test shell, 211-Shell cover, 212-Shell body, 213-Regeneration cooling tank, 214-Fuel inlet, 215-Fuel outlet, 22-First heating mechanism, 23-High-temperature fuel chamber, 231-First temperature measuring port, 24-Fuel inlet collector, 241-First arc groove, 242-First baffle, 25-Fuel outlet collector, 251-Second arc groove, 252-Second baffle, 26-Inlet pipe connector, 27-Outlet pipe connector, 3-Recovery storage tank, 4-Preheating unit, 41-Preheating pipe, 42-Second heating mechanism, 5-First flow meter, 6-First pressure gauge, 7-First thermometer, 8-Second pressure gauge, 9-Second thermometer, 10-Second flow meter, 11-Third pressure gauge, 12-Third thermometer, 13-Fourth pressure gauge, 14-Fourth thermometer. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] A test apparatus for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the test apparatus includes a medium storage tank 1, a test unit 2, and a recovery tank 3 connected in sequence; it also includes a preheating unit 4 disposed between the medium storage tank 1 and the test unit 2.

[0058] Medium storage tank 1 is used to store fuel oil at room temperature;

[0059] The preheating unit 4 includes a preheating pipe 41 and a second heating mechanism 42. The preheating pipe 41 is connected to the medium storage tank 1 and the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 inside the test shell 21 in the test unit 2, respectively. The preheating pipe 41 is spirally coiled. The second heating mechanism 42 is connected to the preheating pipe 41 and is used to heat the preheating pipe 41. A valve A, a first flow meter 5, a first pressure gauge 6, and a first thermometer 7 are installed on the pipeline between the medium storage tank 1 and the preheating pipeline 41. A second pressure gauge 8 and a second thermometer 9 are installed on the pipeline on the side of the preheating pipeline 41 away from the medium storage tank 1. The pipeline on the side of the preheating pipeline 41 away from the medium storage tank 1 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the recovery storage tank 3, and a valve B is installed on the pipeline connected to the recovery storage tank 3. The other path is connected to the test shell 21, and a valve C, a second flow meter 10, a third pressure gauge 11, and a third thermometer 12 are installed on the pipeline connected to the test shell 21. The test shell 21 is also connected to the recovery storage tank 3, and a fourth pressure gauge 13, a fourth thermometer 14, and a valve D are installed on the pipeline connected to the recovery storage tank 3. The recovery storage tank 3 is used to recover the fuel flowing out of the preheating unit 4 and the test unit 2.

[0060] Test unit 2 includes a test shell 21 and a first heating mechanism 22; the test shell 21 is provided with a high-temperature fuel chamber 23 that is connected to the medium storage tank 1, the recovery storage tank 3 and the preheating pipe 41 respectively; the inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 is provided with a first temperature measuring port 231, and a temperature measuring pipe connector is provided at the first temperature measuring port 231; specifically, the test shell 21 includes a long shell cover 211, a shell body 212, a fuel inlet collector 24 and a fuel outlet collector 25; the shell cover 211 is installed on the shell body 212; the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 is located between the shell cover 211 and the shell body 212; the inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 located on one side of the shell body 212 is provided with a plurality of regenerative cooling grooves 213 along its length, which are used to simulate part or all of the cooling grooves in a real combustion chamber; the shell cover 211 Multiple fuel inlets 214 and multiple fuel outlets 215 are arranged side-by-side along the width direction of the shell body 211. A preheating pipe 41 connects to a high-temperature fuel chamber 23 via the fuel inlets 214. A first temperature measuring port 231 is located on the shell cover 211, between the fuel inlets 214 and the fuel outlets 215. A fuel inlet collector 24 is installed on the shell cover 211 and connects to the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 via the fuel inlets 214, and also connects to the medium storage tank 1 via an inlet pipe connector 26. The fuel inlet collector 24 is used to distribute fuel. A fuel outlet collector 25 is installed on the shell cover 211 and connects to the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 via the fuel outlets 215, and also connects to the recovery storage tank 3 via an outlet pipe connector 27. The fuel outlet collector 25 is used to collect fuel. A connecting hole is provided at each end of the shell body 212. A first heating mechanism 22 is connected to the shell body 212 via two connecting holes for heating the shell body 212.

[0061] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the fuel inlet collector 24 includes a long, narrow first arcuate groove 241 and two first baffles 242 respectively disposed at both ends of the first arcuate groove 241 along its length; the opening of the first arcuate groove 241 communicates with each fuel inlet 214, and the inlet pipe connector 26 is installed at the bottom of the first arcuate groove 241; as shown Figure 4 As shown, the fuel outlet collector 25 includes a long, narrow second arc groove 251 and two second baffles 252 respectively disposed at both ends of the second arc groove 251 along its length. The opening of the second arc groove 251 is connected to each fuel outlet 215, and the outlet pipe connector 27 is installed at the bottom of the second arc groove 251.

[0062] The cover body 211, fuel inlet collector 24, fuel outlet collector 25, inlet pipe connector 26, and outlet pipe connector 27 can be welded together or integrally formed using 3D printing technology; similarly, the shell body 212 can also be integrally formed using 3D printing technology; welding is preferred between the cover body 211 and the shell body 212. The first heating mechanism 22 and the second heating mechanism 42 are preferably electric heating mechanisms including a power source, electrodes, and auxiliary components.

[0063] The first flow meter 5, the first pressure meter 6, the second pressure meter 8, the second flow meter 10, the third pressure meter 11, and the fourth pressure meter 13 can be adjusted for flow rate and pressure according to actual test requirements. The first thermometer 7, the second thermometer 9, the third thermometer 12, and the fourth thermometer 14 can detect the temperature of each inlet and outlet in real time.

[0064] This testing apparatus can test the compatibility of high-temperature alloys and high-temperature fuels under alternating thermal environments. It is worth noting that this compatibility refers to the effect of high-temperature fuels on the surface of high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environments, leading to changes in the surface properties of the high-temperature alloys. These changes in properties are of great significance to engine safety.

[0065] Preliminary heat transfer calculations show that fuel oil (usually kerosene) enters the cooling channel of the combustion chamber at room temperature (25°C), and its temperature rises to approximately 650°C at the outlet section of the cooling channel. Under these conditions, the combustion chamber wall temperature is approximately 850°C when the engine is running; when the engine is not running, the combustion chamber wall temperature is approximately 600°C. During the second engine operation, the room-temperature fuel oil comes into direct contact with the 600°C high-temperature alloy. This experimental setup can perform compatibility tests between room-temperature fuel oil and the hot-walled high-temperature alloy under alternating thermal environments. The tests include at least the following three types:

[0066] The first method is a test method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, comprising the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Open valves A, C and D, and close valve B. The ambient temperature fuel (25°C) flows from the medium storage tank 1 to the preheating pipe, the high temperature fuel chamber 23 in the test shell 21, and then enters the recovery storage tank 3. At the same time, the first heating mechanism 22 is turned on to heat the test shell 21 and the dynamic fuel inside it until the temperature of the fuel outlet 215 reaches 450°C.

[0068] Step 2: Close valves D and B. At the same time, the first heating mechanism 22 stops heating for a period of time.

[0069] Step 3: Repeat steps 1-2 N times, where N is 3 to 4 times;

[0070] Step 4: Close valve A and open valve D. Fuel flows from the high-temperature fuel chamber 23 to the recovery tank 3, which means the hot oil is discharged. Then, the test shell 21 is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility between the high-temperature fuel and the high-temperature alloy structure.

[0071] The second method is a test method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, including the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Open valves A and B, close valves C and D, and turn on the second heating mechanism 42. Fuel flows from the medium storage tank 1 to the preheating pipe 41 and the recovery storage tank 3 in sequence. The fuel is gradually heated to the second preset temperature 450°C in the preheating pipe 41.

[0073] Step 2: Turn on the first heating mechanism 22 to heat the test shell 21 until it reaches 600°C;

[0074] Step 3: Open valve C and close valve B. Fuel reaching 450°C flows from preheating pipe 41 into test housing 21.

[0075] Step 4: Open valve D, and the first heating mechanism 22 will heat the fuel again until it reaches 600-650°C;

[0076] Step 5: Close valve D and gradually reduce the heating power of the first heating mechanism 22 to maintain the fuel temperature inside the test housing 21 at 600-650℃ for 200s.

[0077] Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 M times; M is 3 to 4 times.

[0078] Step 7: Close valve A and open valve D. The fuel flows to the recovery tank 3. Then, the test shell 21 is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility between high-temperature fuel and high-temperature alloy structure.

[0079] The third method is a test method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment, which includes the following steps:

[0080] Step 1: Open valves A and B, close valves C and D, adjust the first pressure gauge 6 and the first flow meter 5, and turn on the second heating mechanism 42. Fuel flows from the medium storage tank 1 to the preheating pipe 41 and the recovery storage tank 3 in sequence. The fuel is gradually heated to 450°C in the preheating pipe 41.

[0081] Step 2: Turn on the first heating mechanism 22 to heat the test shell 21 until it reaches 600°C;

[0082] Step 3: Open valves C and D, close valve B, and the fuel oil at 450°C flows from the preheating pipe 41 into the test housing 21;

[0083] Step 4: Open valve D, and the first heating mechanism 22 will heat the fuel again until it reaches 600-650°C;

[0084] Step 5: Close valve D and gradually reduce the heating power of the first heating mechanism 22 to maintain the fuel temperature inside the test housing 21 at 600-650℃ for 200s.

[0085] Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 M times; M is 3 to 4 times.

[0086] Step 7: Open valve B and close valve C to allow the fuel to remain in the test housing 21 for 100 seconds;

[0087] Step 8: Close valve A and open valve D. The fuel flows to the recovery tank 3. Then, the test shell 21 is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility between high-temperature fuel and high-temperature alloy structure.

[0088] The first to third test methods all simulate three operating conditions of a real engine; it is understandable that the test device can also simulate more operating conditions, and it is highly operable, has a wide range of applications, a simple equipment structure, and low testing costs.

[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for testing fuel and high temperature alloy under alternating thermal environment, characterized in that: It includes a medium storage tank (1), a test unit (2), a recovery tank (3), and a preheating unit (4) connected in sequence. The medium storage tank (1) is used to store fuel oil at room temperature; The test unit (2) includes a test shell (21) and a first heating mechanism (22); the test shell (21) is provided with a high-temperature fuel chamber (23) that is connected to the medium storage tank (1) and the recovery storage tank (3) respectively; a first temperature measuring port (231) is provided on the inner wall of the high-temperature fuel chamber (23); the first heating mechanism (22) is connected to the test shell (21) and is used to heat the test shell (21); The recovery tank (3) is used to recover fuel flowing out of the high-temperature fuel chamber (23); Valve A is installed on the pipeline between the medium storage tank (1) and the test unit (2); Valve D is installed on the pipeline between the test unit (2) and the recovery storage tank (3); The preheating unit (4) includes a preheating pipe (41) and a second heating mechanism (42); the preheating pipe (41) is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber (23) in the medium storage tank (1) and the test shell (21) respectively; the second heating mechanism (42) is connected to the preheating pipe (41) and is used to heat the preheating pipe (41); a C valve is provided on the pipeline between the preheating pipe (41) and the test shell (21); the preheating pipe (41) is also connected to the recovery storage tank (3); a B valve is provided on the pipeline between the preheating pipe (41) and the recovery storage tank (3); The test shell (21) includes a long strip-shaped shell cover (211) and a shell body (212). The shell cover (211) is mounted on the shell body (212); the high-temperature fuel chamber (23) is disposed between the shell cover (211) and the shell body (212); The high-temperature fuel chamber (23) is located on the inner wall of the shell body (212) along its length direction and has multiple regenerative cooling grooves (213) to simulate some or all of the cooling grooves in the combustion chamber. The shell cover (211) has multiple fuel inlets (214) arranged side by side along its width direction, and multiple fuel outlets (215) arranged side by side along its width direction; the medium storage tank (1) is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber (23) through the fuel inlets (214); the recovery storage tank (3) is connected to the high-temperature fuel chamber (23) through the fuel outlets (215); The first temperature measuring port (231) is disposed on the shell cover (211) and located between the fuel inlet (214) and the fuel outlet (215); The first heating mechanism (22) is connected to the shell body (212).

2. The experimental apparatus for testing fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating pipe (41) is spiral-shaped.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The preheating pipe (41) is equipped with a first flow meter (5), a first pressure meter (6) and a first thermometer (7) on the side of the preheating pipe (41) closest to the medium storage tank (1); the preheating pipe (41) is equipped with a second pressure meter (8) and a second thermometer (9) on the side of the preheating pipe (41) furthest from the medium storage tank (1). The test housing (21) is equipped with a second flow meter (10), a third pressure gauge (11) and a third thermometer (12) on the pipe near the preheating pipe (41); the test housing (21) is equipped with a fourth pressure gauge (13) and a fourth thermometer (14) on the pipe away from the preheating pipe (41).

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The test housing (21) also includes a fuel inlet collector (24) and a fuel outlet collector (25). The fuel inlet collector (24) is installed on the shell cover (211) and is connected to the high temperature fuel chamber (23) through the fuel inlet (214). It is also connected to the medium storage tank (1) through the inlet pipe joint (26). The fuel inlet collector (24) is used to distribute fuel. The fuel outlet collector (25) is installed on the shell cover (211) and is connected to the high temperature fuel chamber (23) through the fuel outlet (215). It is also connected to the recovery tank (3) through the outlet pipe joint (27). The fuel outlet collector (25) is used to collect fuel.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: The fuel inlet collector (24) includes a long, narrow first arc groove (241) and two first baffles (242) respectively disposed at both ends of the first arc groove (241) along its length. The opening of the first arc groove (241) is connected to each fuel inlet (214), and the inlet pipe connector (26) is installed at the bottom of the first arc groove (241). The fuel outlet collector (25) includes a long strip-shaped second arc groove (251) and two second baffles (252) respectively disposed at both ends of the length direction of the second arc groove (251); the opening of the second arc groove (251) is connected to each fuel outlet (215), and the outlet pipe connector (27) is installed at the bottom of the second arc groove (251).

6. A method for testing the interaction between fuel and superalloy under an alternating thermal environment, using the testing device for testing the interaction between fuel and superalloy under an alternating thermal environment according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Open valves A and B, close valves C and D, and turn on the second heating mechanism (42). Fuel flows from the medium storage tank (1) to the preheating pipe (41) and the recovery storage tank (3) in sequence. The fuel is gradually heated to the second preset temperature in the preheating pipe (41). Step 2: Turn on the first heating mechanism (22) to heat the test shell (21) until the third preset temperature is reached, which is higher than the second preset temperature; Step 3: Open valve C and close valve B. Fuel that has reached the second preset temperature flows from the preheating pipe (41) into the test housing (21). Step 4: Open valve D, and the first heating mechanism (22) heats the fuel again until the fourth preset temperature is reached; the fourth preset temperature is higher than the third preset temperature. Step 5: Close valve D and gradually reduce the heating power of the first heating mechanism (22) to maintain the fuel temperature in the test housing (21) at the fourth preset temperature for a duration of the second preset time. Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 M times; M is the second preset number of times; Step 7: Close valve A and open valve D. The fuel flows to the recovery tank (3). Then, the test shell (21) is dissected to detect the coking and carbon deposition characteristics of the fuel under alternating heat flow and the compatibility of high-temperature fuel with high-temperature alloy structure.

7. The test method for fuel oil and high-temperature alloys under alternating thermal environment according to claim 6, characterized in that, A secondary insulation step is also included between steps 6 and 7: Open valve B and close valve C to allow the fuel to remain in the test housing (21) for a third preset time.

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