A method for selecting and ripening sea urchin gallbladders

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for selecting and ripening sea urchin seed galls, and relates to the field of seed breeding of marine treasures in the marine aquaculture industry. The method for selecting and ripening sea urchin seed galls comprises the following steps: before the sea urchins are naturally bred in the sea area, sea urchins weighing 40-60g are collected, transferred to a ripening pool, aerated and fed in sand-filtered seawater for cultivation, and after 5-6 months of feeding, when the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater drops to 8°C, the sea urchins are fed at a constant temperature for 5-10 days, and then the temperature is raised for ripening. When the water temperature for ripening the seed galls is greater than 19°C, fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves, and cooked purple mussel meat are fed in turn, and when the accumulated temperature for ripening is ≥2500°C and the gonad index is ≥20%, the sea urchin seed galls that can be used for inducing production are obtained. The method for selecting and ripening sea urchin seed galls of the invention can greatly reduce its mortality rate, improve the development effect, and quickly meet the inducing production requirements of spring seedling production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sea treasure seedling cultivation in the marine aquaculture industry, and in particular to a method for promoting the ripening of sea urchin seed galls through selection. Background Art

[0002] The Echinococcus glabrata, also known as the northern purple sea urchin and the Dalian purple sea urchin, is one of the most important species of economic sea urchins in China. It is mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in the Liaodong Peninsula and the Shandong Peninsula. The gonads of the Echinococcus glabrata are rich in nutrients and delicious. The gonads also contain some unsaturated fatty acids and other substances with special physiological activity, which have high economic and medicinal value. At present, the commercial specifications of the Echinococcus glabrata are about 200 yuan per kilogram in the domestic market.

[0003] In recent years, the domestic market demand for sea urchins has been increasing, while the natural resources of sea urchins have been greatly reduced. Therefore, the artificial seedling and breeding industry of sea urchins has risen rapidly. The natural release of reproductive cells by Echinococcus glabra sea urchins occurs in August and September, which is suitable for artificial seedling breeding in autumn. Currently, some companies are carrying out autumn seedling production of Echinococcus glabra sea urchins. However, the seedlings raised in autumn in the north need to overwinter in indoor nursery ponds and be cultured in the sea area in April and May of the following year. Indoor overwintering seedlings grow slowly and are costly. If spring seedling breeding is possible, the seedlings can grow indoors in summer and autumn, and the seedlings can reach the specifications for sea breeding before winter, which can greatly reduce the cost of seedling breeding and improve the efficiency of seedling breeding.

[0004] Under natural conditions, the gonad index of Echinococcus glabrata seed galls in spring is very low (less than 5%), and it cannot be directly induced to hatch. It needs to be artificially ripened in the early stage of seedling production to make its gonad index reach more than 20%. Therefore, the artificial ripening technology of Echinococcus glabrata seed galls is the key link to realize the spring seedling production of Echinococcus glabrata.

[0005] At present, the main sea urchin species that are artificially raised on a large scale in my country are the purple sea urchin in the south, the light echinoceros sea urchin in the north, and the sea urchin in the south. According to the natural reproduction habits of the southern purple sea urchin, the galls of this species can be artificially raised from spring to autumn, and the galls can be used for induced spawning and hatching through simple breeding. The sea urchin in the south, which is also a northern species and reproduces naturally in autumn, has made breakthroughs in the technology of promoting the maturation of galls in spring seedlings. The galls are collected from the sea area from December of the previous year to January of the current year, and the temperature is raised to promote maturation. In the spring seedling season, the gonad index of the gall reaches more than 20%, and it is easy to induce successful spawning. However, the sea urchin in the south follows the same temperature-raising and ripening scheme. During the temperature-raising and ripening process, the sea urchins die in large numbers, and the gonads of the remaining surviving individuals are not ideally developed. In the spring seedling season, the gonad index is difficult to reach more than 20%, and the reproductive cells are rarely or even not discharged during induced spawning, which makes it difficult to use for spring seedling production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for selecting and ripening the galls of the sea urchin in the south to achieve spring seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting and ripening the seed galls of Echinococcus glabrata. The method selects Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins that have not yet reached the seed gall specifications in summer. At this time, the Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins only discharge a small amount of reproductive cells, and the bait is sufficient. Therefore, the Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins are strong in physique. Even if they are stabbed by thorns during the selection and transfer process, they are easy to recover after being given sufficient bait. The selection of Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins in summer can greatly reduce their mortality rate; then, aeration and feeding are carried out indoors to avoid the period of bait shortage in the sea area, so that the sea urchins can reach the seed gall specifications before the temperature is raised for ripening, and the physique is strong; in addition, the temperature-raising and ripening method of the present invention can make the Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins develop smoothly, avoiding the phenomenon of abnormal development or death of the seed gall due to continuous temperature rise; at the same time, when the temperature is greater than 19°C in the sea urchin temperature-raising and ripening culture, the bait is alternately fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves, and cooked blue mussel meat, which can improve the seed gall development effect.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for selecting and ripening sea urchins, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Collecting Echinoceros glabra before it reproduces naturally;

[0010] (2) The collected Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins were transferred to a ripening pond and fed with aerated sand-filtered seawater;

[0011] (3) When the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater drops to 8°C, the Echinococcus glabrata urchins cultured by aeration and feeding are kept at a constant temperature and then heated to promote ripening. When the accumulated temperature during the heating and ripening stage is ≥2500°C and the sea urchin gonad index is ≥20%, the Echinococcus glabrata seed urchins that can be used for induced breeding are obtained.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the time for collecting Echinococcus glabrata is June to July every year.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the weight of the collected Echinococcus glabrata is 40-60 g.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the cultivation density is 20-40 pieces / m 3 .

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the cultivation time is 5-6 months.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the constant temperature feeding temperature is 8° C., and the constant temperature feeding time is 5-10 days.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the heating to promote ripening is divided into three stages: the first stage: heating to 14°C at a heating rate of 1°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, incubating at a constant temperature for 5-10 days; the second stage: heating to 19°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, incubating at a constant temperature for 60-70 days; the third stage: heating to 22°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, incubating at a constant temperature for 30-40 days.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), when the water temperature for accelerating the maturation of the seed gall is greater than 19° C., three kinds of bait, namely, fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves and cooked blue mussel meat, are fed in turn.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] In the prior art, the Echinoceros optics urchins weighing 100-200g are collected from the sea area in December as seed galls. The collected Echinoceros optics urchins naturally release reproductive cells in the sea area from August to September. After releasing the reproductive cells, the Echinoceros optics urchins are weak and need sufficient bait to replenish their energy. However, September to November is the season when bait is scarce in the sea area. Therefore, the Echinoceros optics urchins collected in December are weak, and the spines of the Echinoceros optics urchins are long. The seed galls are easily injured during the collection and transfer to the ripening pond after collection. Since the Echinoceros optics urchins are weak at this time, the Echinoceros optics urchins are not easy to heal after being stabbed. Therefore, in the subsequent temperature-raising and induced production process, the gonadal development of the Echinoceros optics urchins is slow, and they are prone to die in large numbers.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, on the one hand, the present invention collects Echinococcus sutchuenensis as seed urchins before the natural reproduction of Echinococcus sutchuenensis, that is, in June and July of each year. At this time, the Echinococcus sutchuenensis has not yet released reproductive cells, and the physique is strong. Even if it is stabbed by thorns during the collection and transfer process, on the basis of ensuring that its bait is sufficient, the Echinococcus sutchuenensis is easy to recover, and a large number of sea urchins will not die, and the subsequent development of the gonads of the Echinococcus sutchuenensis will not be affected. On the other hand, the individual Echinococcus sutchuenensis collected by the present invention is relatively small, and the weight of each Echinococcus sutchuenensis is 40-60g. At this time, the Echinococcus sutchuenensis will discharge a small amount of reproductive cells, with less physical energy consumption, and then recover physical energy, increase weight, and develop gonads under sufficient bait conditions, reaching the specifications with the strongest fertility, and being in a strong state. At this time, the temperature is raised to promote ripening, and the effect is more ideal.

[0022] At the same time, the present invention adopts staged temperature increase to promote ripening, step by step, and after each stage of temperature increase, it will be kept at a constant temperature for a period of time to ensure that the light echinococcus sea urchin used as the seed gall develops steadily and avoids the phenomenon of abnormal development or death of the seed gall caused by continuous temperature increase. In addition, fucoidan is an important component of sea urchin reproductive cells, and fresh kelp sporangium leaves contain a large amount of fucoidan. Providing fresh kelp sporangium leaves as bait for the late stage of temperature increase to promote ripening is more conducive to improving the quality of reproductive cells of the light echinococcus sea urchin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 : Collect the seed galls temporarily raised in the sea area where the spines fall off and die in the mature pond;

[0024] Figure 2 : To promote the mature pond sea area to collect the thorns that fall off the gallbladder of the species temporarily raised;

[0025] Figure 3 : The successful ripening of the female Echinococcus glabra seed gall;

[0026] Figure 4 : The male Echinococcus urchin that was successfully ripened;

[0027] Figure 5 : Juvenile gall of Echinococcus glabrata sea urchin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0029] As described in the background technology, in the prior art, many pairs of Echinococcus glabrata are produced by autumn seedling cultivation. The seedlings produced by autumn seedling cultivation in the north need to spend the winter in indoor seedling ponds. The growth of indoor overwintering seedlings is slow and the cost is high. When the seed galls of Echinococcus glabrata are ripened according to the spring seedling cultivation of Echinococcus glabrata, large-scale seed gall death occurs, the gonad development of the surviving seed gall individuals is not ideal, and the reproductive cells of the seed galls are rarely or even not discharged during induction of labor.

[0030] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for selecting and ripening sea urchins, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) In June and July, before the natural reproduction of Echinoceros glabra, choose a rainless and weak light period to collect Echinoceros glabra weighing 40-60 g from natural sea areas by diving;

[0032] (2) Lay a thin sponge sheet moistened with seawater at the bottom of the foam box, transfer the collected Echinococcus glabrata to the foam box, place them in a single layer and put in ice packs, transport the foam box containing the Echinococcus glabrata to the cultivation room within 1 hour, transfer the Echinococcus glabrata urchins one by one to a ripening pool with insulation facilities, and cultivate them with sand-filtered seawater for 5-6 months with a cultivation density of 20-40 pieces / m 3 ;

[0033] The day after the Echinococcus glabrata was transferred to the seawater of the ripening pond, it was fed with fresh seaweed baits such as kelp and agaricus. It was fed once a day, and the feeding amount each time was 10-15% of the weight of the sea urchin. The leftover bait was cleaned up before feeding, and the water was changed in full every day to flush out the feces.

[0034] In November and December, when fresh seaweed is scarce, soak the salted kelp in 10 times the weight of seawater for one day, and then feed it as bait. The feeding amount and frequency, water change, and feces flushing operations are the same as those in the stage of feeding fresh kelp and fresh agaricus;

[0035] (3) When the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater drops to 8°C, the heat preservation facilities of the ripening pool are activated to keep the sand-filtered seawater in the ripening pool warm, so that the Echinococcus glabra sea urchins are kept at a constant temperature of 8°C for 5-10 days, and then the temperature is raised for ripening. When the accumulated temperature for ripening is ≥2500°C and the sea urchin gonad index is ≥20%, the Echinococcus glabra seed urchins that can be used for inducing spawning are obtained;

[0036] Among them, the treatment of temperature increase to promote ripening is as follows: temperature increase to promote ripening is divided into three stages. The first stage: the water temperature is increased from 8°C to 14°C at a rate of 1°C / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 14°C for 5-10 days. During this stage, the water is fully changed once a day, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C. The bait used is fresh kelp. The second stage: the water temperature is increased from 14°C to 19°C at a rate of 0.5°C / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 19°C for 60-70 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C. The bait used is fresh kelp; the third stage: the water temperature is raised from 19°C to 22°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and kept at a constant temperature of 22°C for 30-40 days. During this stage, fresh kelp, fresh kelp sporangium leaves and cooked purple mussel meat are fed in turn. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C.

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] (1) Before sunrise on the morning of July 3, 2020, the sea temperature was 19.1°C. Thirty Echinoceros luminifera urchins weighing 40-60 g were collected by diving in the Bailanzi sea area of ​​Lushun, Dalian. The total weight of the collected Echinoceros luminifera urchins was 1535 g, with an average weight of 51.2 g per urchin.

[0041] (2) Take a thin sponge sheet and soak it with seawater, then spread it flat on the bottom of the foam box. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata collected from the net bag to the foam box one by one, place them in a single layer, and place two ice bags at one end of the foam box. Cover the foam box lid and immediately transport it to the cultivation room. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata urchins one by one to two 600L ripening pools with insulation facilities, and use sand-filtered seawater for aeration and feeding for 5 and a half months. At this time, the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater in the ripening pool is 20°C, and the cultivation density is 25 pieces / m 3 ;

[0042] On July 4, fresh kelp was fed as bait, and the amount of bait fed was 10% of the weight of the sea urchin. The remaining bait was cleaned up and replaced with new bait every day, the feces was flushed, and the water was completely changed.

[0043] Starting from August, the bait was changed to fresh agaricus, and the feeding amount was 10% of the weight of the sea urchin;

[0044] In September, the Echinococcus glabrata naturally releases reproductive cells;

[0045] From November to December, due to the lack of fresh bait, the salted kelp was soaked in 10 times the weight of seawater for one day, and then the soaked salted kelp was used as bait for feeding. The daily feeding amount of the soaked salted kelp was 15% of the weight of the sea urchin. Before feeding, the residual bait was cleaned, the feces was washed, and the water was completely changed;

[0046] (3) On December 22, the water temperature of the sand-filtered seawater used for aeration and feeding of sea urchins dropped to 8°C. All 30 Echinococcus glabrata urchins collected and cultured survived and their weight increased significantly, reaching a total weight of 3876 g, with an average weight of 129.2 g per urchin.

[0047] The heat preservation facilities of the ripening pool were activated to maintain the water temperature of the sand-filtered seawater at 8°C. The cultivated Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins were kept at a constant temperature for 6 days, and then the temperature was raised to ripen.

[0048] The treatment of temperature-raising to promote ripening is as follows: temperature-raising to promote ripening is divided into three stages. The first stage: the temperature is raised from 8°C to 14°C at a rate of 1°C / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 14°C for 10 days. During this stage, the water is fully changed once a day, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C. The bait used is fresh kelp. The second stage: the temperature is raised from 14°C to 19°C at a rate of 0.5°C / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 19°C for 70 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C, and the bait used is fresh kelp. The third Stage: The temperature was raised from 19°C to 22°C at a rate of 0.5°C / day, and the fish were kept at a constant temperature of 22°C for 35 days. During this stage, the bottom was sucked and the water was changed twice a day, with 1 / 2 of the water changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change was ≤1°C. The baits in this stage were fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves and cooked purple mussel meat. The three baits were fed in turn, with a cycle of every three days. The daily feeding amount of fresh kelp and fresh wakame sporangium leaves was 10% of the weight of the sea urchin, and the cooked purple mussel meat was 1 purple mussel meat for each sea urchin. The specification of purple mussels was 32 per catty.

[0049] On May 10, 2021, after 134 days of temperature rise and ripening, the accumulated temperature reached above 2500℃, and the gonad index of the seed sea urchin reached 21.1%, and the seed sea urchins that can be used for induced breeding were obtained. Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] (1) Before sunrise on the morning of June 24, 2020, the sea temperature was 18.9°C. Thirty Echinoceros luminifera urchins weighing 40-60 g were collected by diving in the Bailanzi sea area of ​​Lushun, Dalian. The total weight of the collected Echinoceros luminifera urchins was 1518 g, with an average weight of 50.6 g per urchin.

[0052] (2) Take a thin sponge sheet and soak it with seawater, then spread it flat on the bottom of the foam box. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata collected from the net bag to the foam box one by one, place them in a single layer, and place two ice bags at one end of the foam box. Cover the foam box lid and immediately transport it to the cultivation room. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata urchins one by one to two 600L ripening pools with insulation facilities, and use sand-filtered seawater for aeration and feeding for 6 months. At this time, the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater in the ripening pool is 19°C, and the cultivation density is 25 pieces / m 3 ;

[0053] On June 25, fresh kelp was fed as bait, and the amount of bait fed was 12% of the weight of the sea urchins. The bait was fed once a day, and the remaining bait and feces were cleaned up and replaced with new bait every day, and the water was changed 100%;

[0054] Starting from August, the bait was changed to fresh agaricus, and the feeding amount was 12% of the weight of the sea urchin;

[0055] In September, the Echinococcus glabrata naturally releases reproductive cells;

[0056] From November to December, due to the lack of fresh bait, the salted kelp was soaked in 10 times the weight of seawater for one day, and then the soaked salted kelp was used as bait for feeding. The daily feeding amount of the soaked salted kelp was 15% of the weight of the sea urchin. Before feeding, the residual bait was cleaned, the feces was washed, and the water was completely changed;

[0057] (3) When the natural seawater temperature dropped to 8°C, 29 of the 30 Echinococcus glabrata urchins collected and cultured survived, and their weight increased significantly, with a total weight of 3813 g, an average of 131.5 g per urchin;

[0058] The heat preservation facilities of the ripening pool were activated to maintain the water temperature of the sand-filtered seawater at 8°C, and the cultivated Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins were kept at a constant temperature for 5 days, and then the temperature was raised to ripen;

[0059] The treatment of heating to promote ripening is as follows: heating to promote ripening is divided into three stages. The first stage: raise the temperature from 8°C to 14°C at a heating rate of 1°C / day, and keep it at a constant temperature of 14°C for 5 days. During this stage, the water is fully changed once a day, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C, and the bait used is fresh kelp; the second stage: raise the temperature from 14°C to 19°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and keep it at a constant temperature of 19°C for 66 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C, and the bait used is fresh kelp; the third stage: raise the temperature from 19°C to 22°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and keep it at a constant temperature of 22°C for 39 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C. The feed in this stage is fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves and cooked purple mussel meat. The three kinds of bait are fed in turn, and the cycle is repeated every three days. The daily feeding amount of fresh kelp and fresh wakame sporangium leaves is 10% of the weight of the sea urchin, and the cooked purple mussel meat is 1 purple mussel meat for each sea urchin. The specification of purple mussel is 35 pieces / jin;

[0060] The accumulated temperature reaches above 2500°C, and the gonad index of the seed sea urchin reaches 21.5%, thereby obtaining the seed sea urchin which can be used for induced spawning and breeding.

[0061] Embodiment 3:

[0062] (1) Before sunrise on the morning of July 14, 2020, the sea temperature was 21.3°C. We collected 36 Echinoceros luminifera urchins weighing 40-60 g from the Bailanzi sea area in Lushun, Dalian. The total weight of the collected Echinoceros luminifera urchins was 1886 g, with an average weight of 52.4 g per urchin.

[0063] (2) Take a thin sponge sheet and soak it with seawater, then spread it flat on the bottom of the foam box. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata collected from the net bag to the foam box one by one, place them in a single layer, and place two ice bags at one end of the foam box. Cover the foam box lid and immediately transport it to the cultivation room. Transfer the Echinococcus glabrata urchins one by one to two 600L ripening ponds with insulation facilities, and use sand-filtered seawater for aeration and feeding for 5 months. On July 14, the sand-filtered seawater in the ripening pond was 22°C, and the cultivation density was 30 pieces / m 3 ;

[0064] On July 15, fresh kelp was fed as bait, and the daily feeding amount was 11% of the weight of the sea urchins. The remaining bait and feces were cleaned up every day, and new bait was replaced, and the water was changed 100%;

[0065] Starting from August, the bait was changed to fresh agaricus, and the daily feeding amount was 11% of the weight of the sea urchin;

[0066] In September, the Echinococcus glabrata naturally releases reproductive cells;

[0067] From November to December, due to the lack of fresh bait, the salted kelp was soaked in 10 times the weight of seawater for one day, and then the soaked salted kelp was used as bait for feeding. The daily feeding amount of the soaked salted kelp was 15% of the weight of the sea urchin. Before feeding, the residual bait was cleaned, the feces was washed, and the water was completely changed;

[0068] (3) When the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater for feeding sea urchins dropped to 8°C, 35 of the 36 Echinococcus glabrata urchins were collected and found to have survived. Their weight increased significantly, reaching a total weight of 4519 g, with an average weight of 129.1 g per urchin.

[0069] The heat preservation facilities of the ripening pool were activated to maintain the water temperature of the sand-filtered seawater at 8°C. The cultivated Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins were kept at a constant temperature for 10 days, and then the temperature was raised to ripen.

[0070] The treatment of heating to promote ripening is as follows: heating to promote ripening is divided into three stages. The first stage: raise the temperature from 8°C to 14°C at a heating rate of 1°C / day, and keep the fish at a constant temperature of 14°C for 10 days. During this stage, the water is fully replaced once every two days, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C, and the bait used is fresh kelp; the second stage: raise the temperature from 14°C to 19°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and keep the fish at a constant temperature of 19°C for 60 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C, and the bait used is fresh kelp; the third stage: raise the temperature from 19°C to 22°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C / day, and keep the fish at a constant temperature of 22°C for 40 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1°C. The feed in this stage is fresh kelp, fresh wakame sporangium leaves and cooked purple mussel meat. The three kinds of bait are fed in turn, and the cycle is repeated every three days. The daily feeding amount of fresh kelp and fresh wakame sporangium leaves is 10% of the weight of the sea urchin, and the cooked purple mussel meat is 1 purple mussel meat for each sea urchin. The specification of purple mussel is 32 pieces / jin;

[0071] The accumulated temperature reached more than 2500°C, and the gonad index of the sea urchin seed reached 20.9%, thus obtaining the seed urchin of the Echinococcus glabra that can be used for induced breeding.

[0072] Comparative Example 1:

[0073] (1) On December 13, 2020, 33 Echinoceros glabrata urchins weighing 120-170 g were collected by diving in the Bailanzi sea area of ​​​​Lüshun, Dalian, with a total weight of 4785 g;

[0074] Take a thin sponge sheet and soak it with seawater, then spread it flat on the bottom of two foam boxes. Transfer the Echinococcus ulmoides collected from the net bag to the two foam boxes one by one, place them in a single layer, cover the foam box lid, and immediately transport them to the cultivation room. Transfer the Echinococcus ulmoides one by one to two 600L ripening pools for temporary cultivation. At this time, the seawater temperature is 9.4℃ and the cultivation density is 27.5 pieces / m 3 ; Soak the salted kelp in 10 times the weight of seawater for one day, and then feed the soaked kelp as bait. The daily feeding amount of the soaked kelp is 15% of the weight of the sea urchin. Before feeding, clean up the remaining bait, wash away the feces, and change the water completely;

[0075] On December 27, 15 sea urchins had spines that fell off and 7 of them had serious spine loss. Figure 2 As shown, the tube feet shrink and die.

[0076] The sand-filtered seawater was used for feeding for another week. On January 4, 2021, another three sea urchins died. Figure 1 As shown, the remaining sea urchins have basically returned to normal. The indoor sand-filtered seawater temperature is 6.0℃, and 23 sea urchins are used to heat up and ripen.

[0077] The heating-up process is divided into three stages. The first stage: the temperature is raised from 6℃ to 14℃ at a rate of 1℃ / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 14℃ for 8 days. During this stage, the water is fully changed once a day, and the temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1℃. The bait used is fresh kelp. The second stage: the temperature is raised from 14℃ to 19℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 19℃ for 65 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1℃. The bait used is fresh kelp. The third stage: the temperature is raised from 19℃ to 22℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / day, and the fish are kept at a constant temperature of 22℃ for 38 days. During this stage, the bottom is sucked and the water is changed twice a day, and 1 / 2 of the water is changed each time. The temperature difference before and after the water change is ≤1℃. The bait in this stage is fresh kelp and blue mussel meat. The two baits are fed alternately, and a cycle is made every two days. The daily feeding amount of fresh kelp is 10% of the weight of the sea urchin, and the purple mussel meat is 1 purple mussel meat for each sea urchin, and the specification of purple mussel is 30 per jin;

[0078] After 135 days of temperature-raising and ripening, the accumulated temperature reached above 2500℃. Two seed urchins were dissected and the gonad index was 13.7%, which did not meet the requirements for inducing spawning. During the temperature-raising and ripening process, 8 seed urchins died.

[0079] The temperature was continued to rise at 22°C for 21 days to promote ripening, and the accumulated temperature reached 3000°C, which is the latest time limit for spring seedling cultivation of Echinococcus glabrata, and the gonad index is 18.6%.

[0080] Experimental Example 1:

[0081] 1. Two Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were selected, dissected and their gonad indexes were measured, as shown in Table 1.

[0082] 2. The remaining Echinococcus ulmoides in Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-2 were induced to spawn with 0.5 mol / L KCl solution, and the induced Echinococcus ulmoides were placed on a sperm and egg collector, and were wetted with filtered fresh seawater every 5 minutes to keep the Echinococcus ulmoides moist and allow the Echinococcus ulmoides to ovulate normally. After 1 hour, sperm and eggs were collected respectively, and the egg production in each group of Echinococcus ulmoides was recorded as shown in Table 1;

[0083] After the collection is completed, the collected sperm is artificially inseminated, and after the insemination is completed, it is placed in a 25L incubation tank filled with water for incubation, and the fertilized eggs corresponding to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are stirred evenly in water, and each group of fertilized eggs is quantified with a 1mL quantitative tube, and the fertilized eggs are examined under a microscope, and the fertilization status is recorded to calculate the fertilization rate;

[0084] After the fertilized eggs are hatched, they are cultured to obtain planktonic larvae, and then cultured to 8-arm larvae, and finally to obtain juvenile galls. The number of planktonic larvae, 8-arm larvae and juvenile galls obtained at each stage of culture is counted. Figure 5 The results are shown in Table 1.

[0085] The culture conditions for culturing fertilized eggs to juvenile galls in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are exactly the same.

[0086] Table 1 Data of Echinococcus glabrata obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0087]

[0088] It can be seen from Table 1 that the gonad index of the Echinococcus glabrata gallbladders obtained by the selection and ripening method of the present invention is greater than 20%, and the number of immature gallbladders obtained after induced fertilization and cultivation is ≥3.7 million. However, in Comparative Example 1, the sea urchin mortality rate is high due to the winter seed gallbladder collection, and the gonad index is <20%.

[0089] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for selecting and ripening sea urchins, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Collecting Echinoceros irritans before they naturally reproduce; the collection period is from June to July each year, and the weight of the collected Echinoceros irritans is 40g to 60g; (2) The collected Echinococcus glabrata sea urchins were transferred to the maturation pond and aerated and fed with sand-filtered seawater. The density of aerated feeding was 20-40 pieces / m 3 ; The time for aeration and feeding cultivation is May-June; (3) When the temperature of the sand-filtered seawater drops to 8°C, the Echinococcus glabrata is raised at a constant temperature and then heated to promote maturation. When the accumulated temperature during the heating and maturation stage is ≥2500°C and the gonad index is ≥20%, the Echinococcus glabrata seed galls that can be used for induced spawning are obtained; The temperature-raising and ripening process is divided into three stages. The first stage: raising the temperature to 14°C at a rate of 1°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, raising the temperature at a constant temperature for 5-10 days; the second stage: raising the temperature to 19°C at a rate of 0.5°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, raising the temperature at a constant temperature for 60-70 days; the third stage: raising the temperature to 22°C at a rate of 0.5°C / day, and after reaching the temperature, raising the temperature at a constant temperature for 30-40 days.

2. The method for selecting and ripening Echinococcus glabrata seed urchins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the constant temperature feeding water temperature is 8°C, and the constant temperature feeding time is 5-10 days.

3. The method for selecting and ripening Echinococcus glabrata seed urchins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when the water temperature for accelerating ripening is greater than 19°C, three kinds of baits, namely, fresh kelp, fresh kelp sporangium leaves and cooked blue mussels, are fed in turn.

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