A spin-suction metallurgical nozzle

Abstract

The application discloses a rotary floating entraining metallurgical nozzle, which comprises a reaction gas channel and a material channel which are sleeved with each other, an entraining channel is arranged concentrically in the reaction gas channel, a rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the entraining channel, a blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft, a driving device is arranged on the top of the rotating shaft, exhaust holes are arranged on the wall of the entraining channel, and the upper ends of the reaction gas channel, the material channel and the entraining channel are not communicated with each other. The application has the advantages of simple structure, better mixing reaction effect of gas and material particles, low smoke dust rate, and more concentrated reaction in the center, thereby effectively reducing the erosion on the wall of a reaction tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal smelting technology, specifically to a swirl-float suction metallurgical nozzle for smelting non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, and lead. Background Technology

[0002] In the non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical industry, processes are generally divided into pool smelting and space smelting. Space smelting, as a major smelting process, utilizes the enormous surface energy of sulfides to allow material particles to react with oxygen, completing the oxidation reaction instantaneously (2-3 seconds) within the smelting furnace. The material then enters a settling tank for separation. The earliest application of space smelting was the flash smelting process developed by Outokumpu of Finland. Its core technology uses a centrally dispersed airflow system to disperse the material entering the flash furnace reaction tower, mixing it with the surrounding reaction gases to react. However, due to the limitations of this centrally dispersed airflow, problems such as low oxygen utilization, high dust levels, severe furnace lining erosion, and even raw material spillage often occur during production. In recent years, Chinese copper smelting technicians have developed a vortex flotation smelting process, such as patents CN101705369B and CN102268558B. This process utilizes the principle of tornadoes in nature, employing an inside-outside-the-air approach. The reaction gas is injected from the center in a swirling stream to form an inverted tornado, which draws the surrounding material into the reaction gas, achieving mixing of the reaction gas and the material, thereby causing an oxidation reaction.

[0003] Whether it is a centrally dispersed nozzle or a swirling suction jet nozzle, the purpose is to achieve the reaction by effectively mixing the reactant gas and the material. Therefore, researching and developing a nozzle that can fully mix the reactant gas and the material to achieve an enhanced reaction has become the main research direction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle that can fully mix the reaction gas and materials and enhance the reaction, thereby meeting the technical requirements of non-ferrous metal smelting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A swirl-floating suction metallurgical nozzle includes an inner and outer set of a reaction gas channel and a material channel. A suction channel is concentrically arranged inside the reaction gas channel. A rotating shaft is arranged at the center of the suction channel. A blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft. A driving device is arranged at the top of the rotating shaft. An exhaust hole is arranged on the wall of the suction channel. The upper ends of the suction channel, the reaction gas channel and the material channel are not interconnected.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotating shaft and the blade assembly are threaded together.

[0008] Furthermore, multiple blades are connected to the blade assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the exhaust holes are multiple oblique holes evenly arranged along the wall of the suction channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the exhaust port and the tangent of the outer wall of the suction channel is 25° to 55°.

[0011] Furthermore, the exhaust port is located below the suction channel and above the blade assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, a cyclone separator is provided in the reaction gas channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotational speed of the drive device can be adjusted arbitrarily.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the blade assembly is not lower than the bottom of the suction channel, the bottom of the suction channel is higher than the bottom of the reaction gas channel, and the bottom of the reaction gas channel is higher than the bottom of the material channel.

[0015] Furthermore, both the bottom end of the material channel and the bottom end of the reaction gas are provided with inwardly tapering openings, and the tapering openings are parallel to each other.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this invention sets up a rotating shaft and blade assembly within the suction channel. Under the action of a driving device, the rotating shaft drives the blade assembly to rotate, drawing gas and / or materials from outside the suction channel into it. The entrainment of gas or materials into the suction channel creates a suction vortex at and below the channel entrance. This vortex sequentially draws the peripheral reactive gas and materials into the central position, thereby achieving mixing and reaction between the materials and the reactive gas. The gas and / or materials entrained into the suction channel by the blade assembly are then forced into the reactive gas channel through exhaust holes under the pressure generated by the rotation of the blade assembly. This agitates the reactive gas within the channel, disrupting its trajectory and propelling it towards the inner wall of the channel. The reactive gas is reflected inwards from the inner wall, facilitating its accumulation towards the center. Meanwhile, the entrainment method used in this invention differs from the entrainment jetting technology of existing technologies. In this invention, the entrainment allows some of the reactant gas and material to enter the entrainment channel, creating a negative pressure below the nozzle outlet. This causes the surrounding reactant gas and material to move towards the center, preventing erosion of the reaction tower wall and thus improving the service life of the reaction tower. This invention has a simple structure, achieves better mixing and reaction of gas and material particles, has a low dust rate, and concentrates the reaction in the center, effectively reducing erosion of the reaction tower wall. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a metallurgical nozzle structure;

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust holes on the suction channel;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blade assembly;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a top view of the blade assembly.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Material channel, 2. Reaction gas channel, 3. Entrainment channel, 4. Rotary shaft, 5. Blade assembly, 6. Drive device, 7. Hydrocyclone, 31. Exhaust port, 51. Blade. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a swirling suction metallurgical nozzle, comprising an inner and outer set of a reaction gas channel 2 and a material channel 1. A suction channel 3 is concentrically arranged within the reaction gas channel 2. A rotating shaft 4 is positioned at the center of the suction channel 3, with a blade assembly 5 connected to the bottom of the shaft 4. A driving device 6 is positioned at the top of the shaft 4. An exhaust port 31 is provided on the wall of the suction channel 3. The upper ends of the suction channel 3, the reaction gas channel 2, and the material channel 1 are not interconnected. During operation, the swirling suction metallurgical nozzle provided by this invention allows the reaction gas to enter through the reaction gas channel 2 and the reactant material to enter through the material channel 1. The driving device 6 drives the rotating shaft 4 to rotate, which in turn drives the blade assembly 5 to rotate. The rotation of the blade assembly 5 transforms the suction channel 3 into a suction channel, drawing in the gas and / or material at the inlet of the suction channel 3. The suction of the gas or material creates a suction vortex at and below the inlet of the suction channel 3. This vortex sequentially draws the peripheral reaction gas and material into the central position, thereby achieving mixing and reaction between the material and the reaction gas. Gas and / or materials entrained by the blade assembly 5 into the entrainment channel 3 are forced into the reaction gas channel 2 through the exhaust port 31 under the pressure generated by the rotation of the blade assembly 5. This agitates the reaction gas in the reaction gas channel 2, disrupting its trajectory and spraying it towards the inner wall of the reaction gas channel 2. The reaction gas is reflected inwards from the inner wall, which facilitates the accumulation of the reaction gas towards the center, thus promoting mixing of materials with the reaction gas and concentrating the reaction towards the center. Furthermore, the entrainment method used in this invention differs from existing entrainment spray techniques. In this invention, a portion of the reaction gas and materials enters the entrainment channel, creating a negative pressure below the nozzle outlet. This causes the surrounding reaction gas and materials to move towards the center, preventing erosion of the reaction tower wall and improving the service life of the reaction tower.

[0024] In this invention, the reaction gas channel 2 is bolted to the middle of the material channel 1, the entrainment channel 3 is bolted to the middle of the reaction gas channel 2, the top of the rotating shaft 4 extends out of the entrainment channel 3 and is connected to the middle of the entrainment channel via a bearing, and the upper part of the rotating shaft 4 is connected to the drive device 6. The rotating shaft 4 and the drive device 6 can be connected by gears or belts, or a speed changer can be used. Preferably, the drive device 6 is a variable frequency motor, directly connected to the rotating shaft 4. The rotation speed of the rotating shaft 4 is adjusted by adjusting the motor speed, thereby adjusting the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 and thus adjusting the entrainment capacity of the blade assembly 5.

[0025] The purpose of rotating the blade assembly 5 is to entrain gas outside the bottom of the entrainment channel 3, bringing it into the entrainment channel 3 and simultaneously generating a swirling vortex below it. However, in reality, improper control of the blade assembly's rotation speed inevitably allows a small amount of material particles to enter the entrainment channel 3. Furthermore, since these material particles cause wear to the blade assembly 5 and the inner wall of the entrainment channel 3, the goal is to prevent or minimize the entrainment of material particles into the entrainment channel 3. Therefore, when the suction force equals the weight of the material particles, the particles can freely swirl and float in the lower part of the entrainment channel 3. Based on the relationship between gravity and wind force:

[0026] mg=ρvГ

[0027] Where m is particle mass, ρ is air density, v is wind speed, and Г is circulation.

[0028] Based on the above formula and the computer simulation experiments of this invention, it was found that when the material particles are 100-mesh copper concentrate particles, and the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 1270–1350 r / min, most of the material particles entering from the material channel 1 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 200-mesh copper concentrate particles, and the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 910–970 r / min, most of the material particles entering from the material channel 1 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 100-mesh nickel concentrate particles, and the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 1290–1380 r / min, most of the material particles entering from the material channel 1 are swirled and floated; when the material particles are 200-mesh nickel concentrate particles, and the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is 930–1010 r / min, most of the material particles entering from the material channel 1 are swirled and floated. These values ​​take into account the negative pressure required to be maintained inside the furnace. The above situation differs from the situation when the material channel 1 is inside the reaction gas channel 2, as the rotation speed is somewhat increased. Analysis suggests that when material channel 1 is outside reaction gas channel 2, the distance between material particles and entrainment channel 3 increases after entering the reaction tower. As the distance increases, the entrainment force of blade assembly 5 on material particles decreases, and the entrainment force can only be increased by increasing the rotation speed.

[0029] Whether it is copper concentrate or nickel concentrate particles, under normal circumstances when the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 exceeds 1650 r / min, there are obvious material particles entering the entrainment channel 3. The rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 is controlled at 900-1600 r / min, and the air volume entrained into the entrainment channel 3 accounts for 8-15% of the air volume entering the reaction gas channel 2.

[0030] In this invention, the blade assembly 5 is a rotating body. When the rotation speed is not properly controlled, it will inevitably entrain material particles into the entrainment channel 3. The material particles will cause wear to the blade assembly 5. Therefore, it is preferable that the rotating shaft 4 and the blade assembly 5 are not integral parts, so that the blade assembly 5 can be easily disassembled and replaced. It is preferable that the rotating shaft 4 and the blade assembly 5 are threadedly connected, and the direction of the thread tightening is opposite to the entrainment rotation direction of the blade assembly 5. This way, when the rotating shaft 4 rotates the blade assembly 5, the rotating shaft 4 and the blade assembly are always in a tightened state.

[0031] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the blade assembly 5 is a vulnerable and important component of this invention. The rotation of the blade assembly 5 is the main component for achieving vortex levitation and suction. Considering safety, the best method is to weld multiple blades 51 onto the blade assembly 5, or bolts can be used for connection. The number of blades and the diameter of the blade assembly can be selected from 3 to 7, and this invention uses 5.

[0032] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an exhaust hole 31 is provided at the lower part of the suction channel 3 and above the blade assembly 5. The exhaust hole 31 consists of multiple oblique holes evenly arranged along the wall of the suction channel 3.

[0033] To understand the gas trajectory, water was used instead of gas in a model experiment for the vortex-flying suction metallurgical nozzle of this invention. The experiment found that the water discharged from the exhaust hole 31 pushes the water moving downward in the reaction gas channel 2 toward the inner wall of the reaction gas passage 2, causing the water in the reaction gas channel 2 to move obliquely downward and concentrate at a position 50-120mm below the exhaust hole 31; the water then moves obliquely downward in the opposite direction. When the position of the exhaust hole 31 and the rotation speed of the blade assembly 5 are properly configured, it can be clearly seen that the water sprayed from the reaction gas channel 2 gathers at the middle position below the suction channel 3.

[0034] The aforementioned situation observed during the simulation experiment is related to the structure of the device. Under normal circumstances, after the reactive gas enters the material channel 1, it moves vertically downwards. The gas ejected from the exhaust port 31 blows the reactive gas outwards, causing it to move outwards while moving downwards. Finally, before entering the reaction tower, it reaches the inner wall of the reactive gas channel 2 and collides with it. The reflection after the collision, along with the inward contraction at the bottom of the reactive gas channel 2, causes the reactive gas to move towards the center, resulting in accumulation at the lower part of the entrainment channel 3. During the simulation, by adjusting the speed of the blade assembly, the reactive gas generally collides or accumulates on the inner wall of the reactive gas channel 2 approximately 50-120 mm below the exhaust port 31.

[0035] Considering the above phenomena, it is preferable that multiple exhaust ports 31 are provided at the same height on the reaction gas channel 2 and are evenly arranged.

[0036] In the experiment, the exhaust angle of the exhaust port 31 was also adjusted. When the exhaust port 31 was sprayed at an angle, under the action of the reaction gas channel 2, the reaction gas rotated at the outlet of the reaction gas channel 2 due to the gas blown out at an angle from the exhaust port 31. The rotation effect became more obvious as the speed of the blade assembly increased. At the same time, the adjustment of the angle of the exhaust port 31 also had a certain positive effect. The greater the angle, the more obvious the rotation effect. The rotation effect was present when the angle θ between the exhaust port 31 and the tangent of the outer wall of the entrainment channel 3 was less than 60°. The preferred angle of the present invention is 25° to 55°, and the optimal angle is 30°.

[0037] The rotational motion of the reaction gas driven by the exhaust port 31 at the outlet of the reaction gas channel 2 needs to be consistent with the direction of the vortex formed in the lower part of the suction channel 3 caused by the rotation of the blade assembly 5. Otherwise, the rotational motion of the reaction gas will conflict with the vortex, and the vortex effect will be weakened.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, a cyclone separator 7 is provided in the reaction gas channel 2 to generate a swirling flow of the reaction gas entering the reaction gas channel 2. The cyclone separator 7 is provided so that the direction of the swirling flow generated by the reaction gas is consistent with the direction of the swirling vortex generated by the rotation of the blade assembly 5, which is used to enhance the swirling vortex effect in the lower part of the entrainment channel 3, further promoting the mixing of the reaction gas and material particles, thereby promoting the fullness of the reaction.

[0039] Experimental simulations show that the present invention, through the rotational entrainment of the blade assembly, the oblique blowing of the exhaust hole, and the rotational propulsion of the cyclone, easily forms an entrainment vortex phenomenon at the bottom of the nozzle.

[0040] Considering the effect of the entrainment vortex, the bottom of the blade assembly 5 is not lower than the bottom of the entrainment channel 3, the bottom of the entrainment channel 3 is higher than the bottom of the reactant gas channel 2, and the bottom of the reactant gas channel 2 is higher than the bottom of the material channel 1. Furthermore, both the bottom of the material channel 1 and the bottom of the reactant gas channel 2 are provided with inwardly tapering openings, and these openings are parallel to each other. In this way, the material particles exiting from the material channel 1 and the reactant gas exiting from the reactant gas channel 2 are facilitated to move towards the center, promoting the mixing of the material and the reactant gas, which is beneficial to the completeness and effectiveness of the reaction.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle, comprising an inner and outer set of reaction gas channels and a material channel, characterized in that, A suction channel is concentrically arranged within the reaction gas channel. A rotating shaft is located at the center of the suction channel. A blade assembly is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft. A driving device is located at the top of the rotating shaft. An exhaust hole is located on the wall of the suction channel. The upper ends of the suction channel, the reaction gas channel, and the material channel are not interconnected.

2. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft and the blade assembly are threaded together.

3. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade assembly is connected to multiple blades.

4. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust holes are multiple oblique holes evenly arranged along the wall of the suction channel.

5. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the exhaust hole and the tangent to the outer wall of the suction channel is 25° to 55°.

6. The swirling suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The exhaust port is located below the suction channel and above the blade assembly.

7. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cyclone separator is installed in the reaction gas channel, and the cyclone separator makes the swirling direction of the reaction gas the same as the rotation direction of the rotating shaft.

8. The swirling and suction metallurgical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotational speed of the drive device can be adjusted arbitrarily.

9. The swirling suction metallurgical nozzle according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The bottom of the blade assembly is not lower than the bottom of the suction channel, the bottom of the suction channel is higher than the bottom of the reaction gas channel, and the bottom of the reaction gas channel is higher than the bottom of the material channel.

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