Power switching device and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a power switching device and a vehicle, which comprises a shaft sleeve, an input shaft, an output shaft, a control mechanism and a driving part, the input shaft is provided with straight outer splines, the output shaft is provided with inclined outer splines, the shaft sleeve is provided with straight inner splines and inclined inner splines, when the shaft sleeve is in an initial position, the shaft sleeve is connected with the input shaft through the engagement of the straight inner and outer splines, the control mechanism drives the shaft sleeve to slide from the initial position to a first position by using a small thrust, the driving part drives the shaft sleeve to rotate at a speed greater than that of the output shaft, and through the engagement of the inclined inner and outer splines of the shaft sleeve and the output shaft, the shaft sleeve generates a sliding force towards the output shaft, so that the shaft sleeve automatically slides from the first position to a second position without the thrust of the control mechanism, and the input shaft is connected with the output shaft, the thrust is reduced and the action time of the thrust is shortened, so that the system work is reduced, and the problems of large thrust and long thrust time of the existing device, which causes more system work, are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission, in particular to a power switching device and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the automobile industry, in order to reduce the cost of processing and assembly and simplify the structure of the motor, the auxiliary drive motor of the new energy vehicle usually adopts a permanent magnet synchronous motor. With the continuous development of the new energy vehicle industry, the industry gradually develops a "three-in-one" integrated electric drive system, which integrates the motor, the reducer, the controller and other components, and shares the shell wire harness and other parts. The realization of lightweight, lower cost and higher efficiency, the reduction of the size of the electric drive system makes the space layout inside the vehicle more flexible, which is beneficial to the platform design of the vehicle enterprise. In the four-wheel drive vehicle of the "three-in-one" integrated electric drive system, if the permanent magnet synchronous motor is not actively rotated but is rotated by external force, a certain resistance torque will be generated, which will cause a certain energy loss to the system. Therefore, in order to reduce the energy loss, a mechanism needs to be configured to disconnect or engage the input shaft and the output shaft.

[0003] However, the existing device needs a large pushing force when engaging the input shaft and the output shaft, and the pushing force lasts for a long time, causing the system to do more work. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a power switching device to solve the problem of large pushing force and long pushing time of the existing device, which causes the system to do more work.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a power switching device, comprising a shaft sleeve, an input shaft, an output shaft, a control mechanism and a driving piece;

[0007] The driving piece is connected with the input shaft and is used to control the rotating speed of the input shaft. The input shaft is provided with a straight outer spline, the output shaft is provided with an inclined outer spline, and the shaft sleeve is provided with a straight inner spline and an inclined inner spline;

[0008] The input shaft and the output shaft are coaxially arranged, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the outside of at least one of the input shaft and the output shaft, the straight inner spline is engaged with the straight outer spline, the inclined inner spline is engaged with the inclined outer spline, and the input shaft drives the shaft sleeve to rotate;

[0009] The control mechanism is connected with the input shaft and is used to control the shaft sleeve to slide from an initial position to a first position. The initial position is a position where the shaft sleeve is separated from the output shaft, and the first position is a position where the shaft sleeve is partially engaged with the output shaft;

[0010] When the rotation speed of the sleeve is greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft, the sleeve slides from the first position to the second position; when the rotation speed of the sleeve is less than the rotation speed of the output shaft, the sleeve slides from the second position to the initial position; the second position is the position where the sleeve and the output shaft are fully engaged.

[0011] Furthermore, the straight internal splines and the straight external splines are long-tooth structures, and the inclined internal splines and the inclined external splines are short-tooth structures.

[0012] Furthermore, a blocking portion is provided on the surface of the output shaft;

[0013] When the sleeve is located at the second position, the first end of the sleeve abuts against the blocking portion.

[0014] Further, the control mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a shift fork;

[0015] The transmission assembly is connected to the input shaft, and the shift fork is connected to the transmission assembly to drive the transmission assembly to slide axially relative to the input shaft;

[0016] When the shaft sleeve is located at the initial position and the second position respectively, the transmission assembly slides to a position abutting against the second end of the shaft sleeve.

[0017] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a connecting sleeve, a first elastic member and a pawl, and a slot is provided on the surface of the input shaft;

[0018] The connecting sleeve is mounted on the input shaft, and the shift fork is connected to the connecting sleeve to drive the connecting sleeve to slide axially relative to the input shaft;

[0019] The pawl is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve. One end of the first elastic member is connected to the pawl, and the other end is connected to the connecting sleeve. The pawl can rotate relative to the connecting sleeve.

[0020] When the shaft sleeve is located at the second position, the pawl is embedded in the slot, the second end of the shaft sleeve abuts against the pawl, and the first end and the second end are opposite ends of the shaft sleeve.

[0021] Furthermore, the power switching device further comprises a positioning member and a second elastic member, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a positioning groove surrounding the sleeve, and the outer wall of the input shaft is provided with a mounting hole;

[0022] The second elastic member is embedded in the mounting hole, and the positioning member is arranged between the second elastic member and the inner wall of the shaft sleeve;

[0023] When the shaft sleeve is located at the initial position, the positioning piece is embedded in the positioning groove.

[0024] Furthermore, the end surface of the second end of the sleeve is an inclined surface, and the angle formed by the end surface of the second end of the sleeve and the axial direction of the input shaft is an acute angle;

[0025] The pawl includes a first inclined surface, which can correspond to and fit with the second end surface of the sleeve, and the inclination direction of the first inclined surface is the same as the inclination direction of the second end surface of the sleeve.

[0026] Furthermore, the pawl further includes a second inclined surface and a third inclined surface, the inclination direction of the second inclined surface is opposite to the inclination direction of the first inclined surface, and the inclination direction of the third inclined surface is the same as that of the first inclined surface;

[0027] Both side surfaces of the card slot are inclined surfaces, one side surface of the card slot is correspondingly fitted with the second inclined surface, and the other side surface is correspondingly fitted with the third inclined surface.

[0028] Furthermore, the helix angles of the inclined internal splines and the inclined external splines range from 10 to 30 degrees.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] The present invention provides a power switching device comprising a sleeve, an input shaft, an output shaft, a control mechanism, and a driver. The input shaft is provided with a straight external spline, the output shaft is provided with an inclined external spline, and the sleeve is provided with a straight internal spline and an inclined internal spline, respectively. The input shaft and output shaft are coaxially arranged, and the sleeve is disposed outside at least one of the input shaft and output shaft, and the sleeve is connected to at least one of the input shaft and output shaft by meshing internal and external splines. The driver is connected to the input shaft, and the input shaft drives the sleeve to rotate by power provided by the driver. When the sleeve is in an initial position, the sleeve is only connected to the input shaft, and the portion of the sleeve provided with the inclined internal spline does not contact the input shaft. The remaining portion of the sleeve is provided with a straight internal spline, which meshes with a straight external spline provided on the input shaft to connect to the input shaft. The control mechanism is connected to the input shaft, and the meshing of the straight internal and external splines enables the control mechanism to use a relatively small thrust to push the sleeve from the initial position to the first position. When the sleeve is in the first position, the portion of the sleeve provided with the inclined internal spline engages with the end portion of the output shaft through the inclined internal and external splines. At this time, the sleeve is connected to the input shaft and the output shaft at the same time. The power given by the driving member makes the rotation speed of the input shaft and the sleeve the same, but greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft. Since the internal and external splines of the portion of the sleeve and the output shaft are inclined splines, and the rotation speeds of the sleeve and the output shaft are different, the design of the inclined spline will cause the sleeve to generate a component force moving toward the output shaft, prompting the sleeve to slide from the first position to the second position, and during this sliding process, the control mechanism does not continue to provide control thrust. When the sleeve is in the second position, the portion of the sleeve provided with the inclined internal spline engages with the entire inclined external splines of the output shaft, thereby realizing the connection between the input shaft and the output shaft. Through the above design, when the sleeve is connected to the output shaft, the driving part controls the rotation speed of the sleeve to be greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft, and the inclined internal spline of the sleeve and the inclined external spline of the output shaft engage with each other to give the sleeve a force to move toward the output shaft. After the control mechanism gives an initial thrust, the sleeve itself slides toward the output shaft with the help of the engagement of the inclined internal and external splines and the speed difference, and during the sliding process of the sleeve between the first position and the second position, the control mechanism does not need to continue to give thrust, which can reduce the action time of the thrust, thereby reducing the work done by the system, and solving the problem that the existing device has large thrust and long thrust time, resulting in more work done by the system.

[0031] In addition, when the sleeve wants to slide back to the initial position from the second position, the rotation speed of the input shaft and the sleeve is adjusted to be lower than the rotation speed of the output shaft through the driving member, and with the help of the engagement of the internal and external inclined splines set on the sleeve and the output shaft, the sleeve generates a component force moving toward the input shaft, prompting the sleeve to slide from the second position to the initial position, thereby realizing the disconnection of the input shaft and the output shaft and reducing energy consumption.

[0032] Another object of the present application is to provide a vehicle to solve the problem of the prior art that the thrust is large and the thrust time is long, causing the system to do more work.

[0033] The vehicle has the same advantages as the power switching device described above relative to the prior art, and will not be described here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated herein for explanation by reference. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the shaft sleeve in the initial position of the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 is a structural schematic view of the shaft sleeve in the second position of the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the shaft sleeve in the second position of the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the transmission assembly sliding of the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] 1 - shaft sleeve, 11 - straight inner spline, 12 - inclined inner spline, 13 - positioning groove, 2 - input shaft, 21 - clamping groove, 22 - mounting hole, 3 - output shaft, 31 - blocking part, 4 - control mechanism, 41 - transmission assembly, 411 - connecting sleeve, 412 - first elastic member, 413 - pawl, 4131 - first inclined surface, 4132 - second inclined surface, 4133 - third inclined surface, 42 - yoke, 6 - bearing, 7 - positioning member, 8 - second elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0042] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0043] A power switching device, with reference to Figures 1 to 2, including a sleeve 1, an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3, a control mechanism 4 and a driving member; the driving member is connected to the input shaft 2 and is used to control the speed of the input shaft 2. The input shaft 2 is provided with a straight outer spline, the output shaft 3 is provided with an inclined outer spline, and the sleeve 1 is provided with a straight inner spline 11 and an inclined inner spline 12; the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are coaxially arranged, the sleeve 1 is sleeved on the outside of at least one of the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3, the straight inner spline 11 is meshed with the straight outer spline, the inclined inner spline 12 is meshed with the inclined outer spline, the input shaft 2 drives the sleeve 1 to rotate; the control mechanism 4 is connected to the input shaft 2 and is used to control the sleeve 1 to slide from the initial position to the first position, where the initial position is the position where the sleeve 1 is separated from the output shaft 3, and the first position is the position where the sleeve 1 is partially engaged with the output shaft 3; when the rotation speed of the sleeve 1 is greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft 3, the sleeve 1 slides from the first position to the second position; when the rotation speed of the sleeve 1 is less than the rotation speed of the output shaft 3, the sleeve 1 slides from the second position to the initial position; the second position is the position where the sleeve 1 is fully engaged with the output shaft 3.

[0044] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention provides a power switching device, combined with Figure 1The power switching device includes a shaft sleeve 1, an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3, a control mechanism 4 and a driving member. The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are coaxially arranged, and a bearing 6 is arranged between the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3. The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are connected through the bearing 6, so as to reduce the friction during the axial rotation of the input shaft and the output shaft. The shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved outside at least one of the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3. The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are both provided with inclined outer splines. The shaft sleeve 1 is provided with two different splines, namely, a straight inner spline 11 and an inclined inner spline 12. The straight inner spline 11 is matched and engaged with the straight outer spline arranged on the input shaft. The inclined inner spline 12 is matched and engaged with the inclined outer spline arranged on the output shaft. The connection between the shaft sleeve 1 and the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 can be realized through the engagement of the inner and outer splines. Further, the shaft sleeve 1 can be sleeved outside the input shaft 2 only or can be sleeved outside the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 simultaneously through the inner spline. The driving member is connected with the input shaft 2. The driving member gives an initial rotating force to the input shaft 2. After the input shaft 2 rotates, the shaft sleeve 1 also rotates. The driving member in the embodiment of the present application can adopt a driving motor to drive a differential mechanism, and the differential mechanism drives the input shaft 2 to rotate. At this time, the shaft sleeve 1 is located at an initial position. The initial position is a position where the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the output shaft 3, that is, the shaft sleeve 1 is not in contact with the output shaft 3. The control mechanism 4 is connected with the input shaft 2, and the control mechanism 4 provides a pushing force to the shaft sleeve 1. The direction of the pushing force is towards the output shaft. The control mechanism 4 controls the shaft sleeve 1 to slide from the initial position to a first position. The first position is a position where the shaft sleeve 1 is partially engaged with the output shaft 3, that is, a position where the end of the shaft sleeve 1 is in contact with the output shaft 3. At this time, the connection area of the shaft sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3 is small. At the same time, the driving member controls the rotating speed of the input shaft 2 and the shaft sleeve 1 to be greater than the rotating speed of the output shaft 3, so that there is a rotating speed difference between the shaft sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3. The inclined inner and outer spline structures of the shaft sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3 give the shaft sleeve 1 a component force moving towards the output shaft 3 based on the rotating speed difference during the engagement and rotation, so that the shaft sleeve 1 automatically slides towards the output shaft 3, that is, slides towards a second position. The second position is a position where the shaft sleeve 1 is fully engaged with the output shaft 3. At this time, the connection area of the shaft sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3 is large. The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are connected and energy is transmitted through the shaft sleeve 1.

[0045] It is worth noting that the pushing force provided by the control mechanism 4 is only used to push the shaft sleeve 1 to slide from the initial position to the first position. Since the shaft sleeve 1 and the input shaft 2 are engaged with the straight inner and outer splines, the control mechanism 4 only needs to give a small pushing force to push the shaft sleeve 1 to slide towards the output shaft 3. During the process that the shaft sleeve 1 slides from the first position to the second position, the control mechanism 4 does not continue to provide the pushing force to the shaft sleeve 1, so as to reduce the duration of the pushing force of the control mechanism 4, thereby reducing the work of the system, and effectively solving the problem that the existing device has a large pushing force and a long pushing time, which causes the system to do more work.

[0046] In addition, the sleeve 1 can be pushed from the initial position to the first position by the control mechanism 4, and then the drive member is started to give different speed differences to cause the sleeve 1 to slide from the first position to the second position. Similarly, the drive member can be started to give different speed differences and then the sleeve 1 can be pushed by the control mechanism 4. All of the above solutions can be selected arbitrarily. In addition, the sleeve 1 can move in the axial direction parallel to the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3, that is, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the sleeve 1 can also slide back and forth in the X-axis direction, that is, the sleeve 1 can also slide from the second position back to the initial position. Similarly, through the internal and external spline structure of the sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3, the driving member is adjusted so that the rotation speed of the sleeve 1 is lower than the rotation speed of the output shaft 3. The internal and external spline structure will exert a component of force on the sleeve 1 to slide toward the input shaft 2, causing the sleeve 1 to slide back to the initial position from the second position. Through the design of the embodiment of the present invention, the sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3 can be connected or disconnected, thereby realizing the connection or disconnection of the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3, which can reduce the consumption of energy transmission.

[0047] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 The straight internal spline 11 and the straight external spline are long-tooth structures, and the inclined internal spline 12 and the inclined external spline are short-tooth structures.

[0048] Specifically, when the sleeve 1 is in the initial position, the sleeve 1 is connected to the input shaft 2 via linear internal and external splines. The linear internal splines 11 and the linear external splines have long teeth, which facilitate the sleeve 1 to slide along the input shaft 2 with the help of the small thrust given by the control mechanism 4. When the sleeve 1 is in the first position, the sleeve 1 is connected to the end of the output shaft 3 via inclined internal and external splines. The inclined internal splines 12 and the inclined external splines have short teeth. At this time, the short teeth of the inclined internal splines 12 of the sleeve 1 and the short teeth of the inclined external splines of the output shaft 3 are shorter than the long teeth. When the two mesh, the short teeth structure is easier to insert and fit than a structure with long teeth. The inclined design also facilitates the connection between the sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3.

[0049] Optionally, refer to Figure 4 A blocking portion 31 is provided on the surface of the output shaft 3 ; when the sleeve 1 is located at the second position, the first end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the blocking portion 31 .

[0050] Specifically, combined Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a blocking portion 31 is provided on the surface of the output shaft 3, and when the sleeve 1 is in the second position, the first end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the blocking portion 31. At this time, the sleeve 1 can no longer slide toward the direction of the output shaft 3 due to the limiting effect of the blocking portion 31, that is, Figure 4In the direction indicated by the arrow shown in the figure, and the sleeve 1 is connected to the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 at the same time, the blocking portion 31 can prevent the sleeve 1 from continuing to slide to completely separate from the input shaft 2, thereby causing the two shafts to be disconnected. At the same time, in the process of the sleeve 1 sliding to the blocking portion 31, the sleeve 1 can transmit sufficient component torque when the inner and outer splines of the output shaft 3 are engaged with each other at an angle.

[0051] It is worth noting that due to the presence of the inclined internal and external splines, under normal circumstances, the inertia of the wheel connected to the output shaft 3 is relatively large. When the inclined internal spline 12 of the sleeve 1 does not abut the blocking portion 31 of the output shaft 3, the sleeve 1 only undergoes axial displacement and cannot transmit sufficient torque to change the speed of the output shaft 3. The speed of the output shaft 3 will not change with the speed of the sleeve 1.

[0052] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The control mechanism 4 includes a transmission assembly 41 and a shift fork 42; the transmission assembly 41 is connected to the input shaft 2, and the shift fork 42 is connected to the transmission assembly 41 to drive the transmission assembly 41 to slide axially relative to the input shaft 2; when the sleeve 1 is respectively in the initial position and the second position, the transmission assembly 41 slides to a position abutting the second end of the sleeve 1.

[0053] Specifically, combined Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1 , the control mechanism 4 includes a transmission assembly 41 and a shift fork 42. The transmission assembly 41 is connected to the input shaft 2. The shift fork 42 drives the transmission assembly 41 on the input shaft 2 to slide axially relative to the input shaft 2. Further explanation: the shift fork 42 and the transmission assembly 41 can slide in the axial direction parallel to the input shaft 2, that is, Figure 1 Slide in the X-axis direction shown in FIG. Figure 1When the sleeve 1 slides left and right along the X-axis, it drives the transmission assembly 41 to slide left and right axially relative to the input shaft 2. The transmission assembly 41 and the input shaft 2 rotate synchronously, without any rotational differences or asynchronous rotations. When the sleeve 1 is in its initial position, the transmission assembly 41 slides leftward along the X-axis until the second end of the sleeve 1 abuts the transmission assembly 41 and the sleeve 1 is disconnected from the output shaft 3. When the sleeve 1 is in its second position, the sleeve 1 slides rightward along the X-axis relative to the input shaft 2 until the first end of the sleeve 1 abuts the blocking portion 31. In order to prevent the rotation speed of the sleeve 1 from being lower than the rotation speed of the output shaft and driving the sleeve 1 to move to the left, the shift fork 42 will control the transmission assembly 41 to slide synchronously with the sleeve 1 to the right along the X-axis direction, that is, under the premise of always keeping the transmission assembly 41 in contact with the second end of the sleeve 1, the transmission assembly 41 and the sleeve 1 slide synchronously to the right. In this way, when the first end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the blocking portion 31, the second end of the sleeve 1 also abuts against the transmission assembly 41. The transmission assembly 41 and the blocking portion 31 jointly limit the sliding of the sleeve 1, and also prevent the sleeve 1 from being subjected to a rebound force given to the sleeve by the blocking portion 31 at the moment of abutting against the blocking portion 31, causing the sleeve 1 to slide a small distance to the left, so that it is in a stationary state when it is in the second position.

[0054] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The transmission assembly 41 includes a connecting sleeve 411, a first elastic member 412 and a pawl 413. A card slot 21 is opened on the surface of the input shaft 2; the connecting sleeve 411 is sleeved on the input shaft 2, and the shift fork 42 is connected to the connecting sleeve 411 to drive the connecting sleeve 411 to slide axially relative to the input shaft 2; the pawl 413 is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve 411, one end of the first elastic member 412 is connected to the pawl 413, and the other end is connected to the connecting sleeve 411, and the pawl 413 can rotate relative to the connecting sleeve 411; when the sleeve 1 is in the second position, the pawl 413 is embedded in the card slot 21, and the second end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the pawl 413, and the first end and the second end are the opposite ends of the sleeve 1.

[0055] Specifically, combined Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 4 , the transmission assembly 41 includes a connecting sleeve 411, a first elastic member 412 and a pawl 413. The connecting sleeve 411 is sleeved on the input shaft 2. The shift fork 42 is connected to the connecting sleeve 411. Under the control of the shift fork 42, the connecting sleeve 411 can slide axially relative to the input shaft 2, that is, along the Figure 1 As shown, the fork 42 slides left and right in the X-axis direction. Figure 1When sliding left and right in the X-axis direction, the connecting sleeve 411 can be driven to slide left and right relative to the input shaft 2, and the connecting sleeve 411 is sleeved on the input shaft 2, and the connecting sleeve 411 and the input shaft 2 rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction. One end of the first elastic member 412 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 411, and the other end is movably connected to the pawl 413. The first elastic member 412 is arranged between the pawl 413 and the connecting sleeve 411, and the pawl 413 can rotate relative to the connecting sleeve 411. Further, the pawl 413 can move along the connecting sleeve 411 relative to the connecting sleeve 411. Figure 1 The input shaft 2 is provided with a slot 21 on its surface, which is engaged with the pawl 413. When the sleeve 1 is in the second position, refer to Figure 2 , that is, when the first end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the blocking portion 31 and the second end abuts against the transmission assembly 41, the pawl 413 is embedded in the slot 21. At this time, the second end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the pawl 413. The first end and the second end are the two opposite ends of the sleeve 1, that is, the sleeve 1 is between the pawl 413 and the blocking portion 31. The shift fork 42 controls the connecting sleeve 411 to move rightward to ensure that the pawl 413 can abut against the second end of the sleeve 1. In order to prevent the input shaft 2 from rotating too high and causing the pawl 413 to bounce up, a first elastic member 412 is provided. The first elastic member 412 will always apply a downward force to the pawl 413, such as Figure 1 In the direction indicated by the arc-shaped arrow, the downward force will press the pawl 413 into the slot 21, and the force is greater than the centrifugal force generated by the excessive speed of the input shaft 2. The pawl 413 will be tightly embedded in the slot 21 and fit with the input shaft 2, so that the sleeve 1 will be stably limited between the pawl 413 and the blocking portion 31.

[0056] When the sleeve 1 wants to slide back to the initial position from the second position, refer to Figure 4 At this time, the shift fork 42 controls the connecting sleeve 411 to move leftward. When the shift fork 42 gives the connecting sleeve 411 a force to move leftward, the force is greater than the downward force of the first elastic member 412. Therefore, the pawl 413 will be driven by the connecting sleeve 411 and move leftward synchronously. At the same time, due to the downward force of the first elastic member 412, the side wall of the slot 21 will reversely give the pawl 413 a force to push up the pawl 413, making it easier to lift the pawl 413. The lifting direction of the pawl 413 is as follows: Figure 4The direction indicated by the arc-shaped arrow. When the pawl 413 is lifted, there is a certain gap between the pawl 413 and the slot 21. At this time, the sleeve 1 moves to the left under the driving force of the driving member and in combination with the internal and external inclined spline design. The second end of the sleeve 1 will abut against the pawl 413 during the movement to the initial position, and also give the pawl 413 an upward force, prompting the pawl 413 to continue to lift upward until the pawl 413 can clamp the sleeve 1 to its lower position, that is, the sleeve 1 is in the initial position, refer to Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 When the sleeve 1 is in its initial position, the pawl 413 engages with the sleeve 1, and the second end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the connecting sleeve 411. Simultaneously, the pawl 413 is positioned above the sleeve 1, and the downward force exerted by the first elastic member 412 also engages and limits the position of the sleeve 1. The design of the pawl 413 and the elastic member 412 allows the sleeve 1 to be retained in its initial position, relatively preventing the sleeve 1 from sliding. This allows the sleeve 1 to be separated from the output shaft 3 without rebounding and reconnecting, thereby enhancing structural stability.

[0057] Optionally, refer to Figure 1 The power switching device also includes a positioning member 7 and a second elastic member 8. The inner wall of the sleeve 1 is provided with a positioning groove 13 surrounding the sleeve 1, and the outer wall of the input shaft 2 is provided with a mounting hole 22; the second elastic member 8 is embedded in the mounting hole 22, and the positioning member 7 is arranged between the second elastic member 8 and the inner wall of the sleeve 1; when the sleeve 1 is in the initial position, the positioning member 7 is embedded in the positioning groove 13.

[0058] Specifically, the power switching device also includes a positioning member 7 and a second elastic member 8. The outer wall of the input shaft 2 is provided with a mounting hole 22. The second elastic member 8 is embedded in the mounting hole 22. The positioning member 7 is arranged between the second elastic member 8 and the sleeve 1. It is further explained that one end of the second elastic member 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the groove of the mounting hole 22, and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning member 7. Due to the elastic force of the second elastic member 8 itself, when the positioning member 7 is subjected to the extrusion force given by the inner wall of the sleeve 1, it can drive the second elastic member 8 to be inside the mounting hole 22. The inner wall of the sleeve 1 is provided with a positioning groove 13 surrounding the sleeve. It is further explained that, combined with Figure 1As can be seen from the diagram, when the sleeve 1 is in the initial position, the sleeve 1 is above the mounting hole 22, and the positioning member 7 is matched and engaged with the positioning groove 13. It is worth noting that if the positioning groove 13 is just a hole with a fixed position, in the process of the sleeve 1 sliding axially relative to the input shaft 2 and the sleeve 1 and the input shaft 2 moving circumferentially synchronously, if you want the positioning member 7 to be accurately embedded in the positioning groove 13, the processing requirements are relatively high. Therefore, the positioning groove 13 should be set as a circle of grooves circumferentially surrounding the sleeve 1, which can ensure that the positioning member 7 can be embedded in the positioning groove 13 at any position during the movement of the sleeve 1 and the input shaft 2. On the basis of the pawl 413 limiting the sliding of the sleeve 1, the positioning member 7 is added to be engaged with the positioning groove 13, further limiting the sliding of the sleeve 1, so that the sleeve 1 can be stably in the initial position, thereby increasing the stability of the overall structure.

[0059] Optionally, refer to Figure 2 The end face of the second end of the sleeve 1 is a bevel, and the angle formed by the second end face of the sleeve 1 and the axial direction of the input shaft 2 is an acute angle; the pawl 413 includes a first bevel 4131, and the first bevel 4131 can correspond to and fit with the second end face of the sleeve 1, and the inclination direction of the first bevel 4131 is the same as the inclination direction of the second end face of the sleeve 1.

[0060] Specifically, combined Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the end surface of the second end of the sleeve 1 is an inclined surface, and the axial direction of the input shaft 2 is Figure 2 In the direction indicated by the X-axis, the angle formed by the second end face of the sleeve 1 and the X-axis direction is an acute angle. The pawl 413 includes a first inclined surface 4131. When the second end of the sleeve 1 abuts against the pawl 413, the first inclined surface 4131 can correspond to and fit with the second end face of the sleeve 1. The inclination direction of the first inclined surface 4131 is the same as the inclination direction of the second end face of the sleeve 1. Figure 2 It can be seen that when the blocking portion 31 gives a rebound force to the sleeve 1, when the rebound force acts on the first inclined surface 4131 of the pawl 413, since the inclination direction of the first inclined surface 4131 is the same as the inclination direction of the second end face, the pawl 413 will react and give the sleeve 1 a force to the right, that is, give the sleeve 1 a force close to the blocking portion 31, which can be more conducive to the stability of the sleeve 1 and avoid its displacement.

[0061] Optionally, refer to Figure 2 The pawl 413 also includes a second inclined surface 4132 and a third inclined surface 4133. The inclination direction of the second inclined surface 4132 is opposite to the inclination direction of the first inclined surface 4131, and the inclination direction of the third inclined surface 4133 is the same as that of the first inclined surface 4131. Both side surfaces of the slot 21 are inclined surfaces, one side surface of the slot 21 corresponds to the second inclined surface 4132, and the other side surface corresponds to the third inclined surface 4133.

[0062] Specifically, combined Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the pawl 413 also includes a second inclined surface 4132 and a third inclined surface 4133. The first inclined surface 4131 and the third inclined surface 4133 have the same inclination direction, while the second inclined surface 4132 has an inclination direction opposite to the first inclined surface 4131 and the third inclined surface 4133. Both sides of the slot 21 are inclined surfaces. When the pawl 413 is inserted into the slot 21, the inclined surface on one side of the slot 21 mates with the second inclined surface 4132, and the inclined surface on the other side of the slot 21 mates with the third inclined surface 4133. By setting the mating surfaces of the slot 21 and the pawl 413 as inclined surfaces and matching the inclination directions, the pawl 413 is easier to insert. Moreover, when the connecting sleeve 411 moves to the left, the inclined surfaces on both sides of the slot 21 are more conducive to lifting the pawl 413.

[0063] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 The helix angles of the inclined internal spline 12 and the inclined external spline are in the range of 10 to 30 degrees.

[0064] Specifically, Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the connection between the inclined inner spline of the sleeve 1 and the inclined outer spline of the output shaft 3. Figure 3 As can be seen, the inclined internal splines of the sleeve 1 and the inclined external splines of the output shaft 3 are splines with a certain tilt angle. The helix angle of the inclined internal splines 12 and the inclined external splines ranges from 10 to 30 degrees. This ensures that when the driving member applies driving force to control the speed difference between the input shaft 2, the sleeve 1, and the output shaft 3, the inclined internal and external splines of the sleeve 1 and the output shaft 3 can impart a sliding force component to the sleeve 1. In this embodiment of the present invention, the helix angle of the inclined internal splines 12 of the sleeve 1 and the inclined external splines of the output shaft 3 is 15 degrees.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle, which includes any of the aforementioned power switching devices. In a vehicle equipped with the aforementioned power switching device, the problem of large thrust and long thrust time of the existing device causing the system to do more work can also be solved.

[0066] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power switching device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shaft sleeve (1), an input shaft (2), an output shaft (3), a control mechanism (4) and a driving member, wherein the control mechanism (4) comprises a transmission assembly (41), the transmission assembly (41) comprises a connecting sleeve (411), a first elastic member (412) and a ratchet (413), a surface of the input shaft (2) is provided with a card slot (21), and the connecting sleeve (411) is sleeved on the input shaft (2); The driving member is connected to the input shaft (2) and is used to control the rotation speed of the input shaft (2); the input shaft (2) is provided with a straight external spline, the output shaft (3) is provided with an inclined external spline, and the sleeve (1) is provided with a straight internal spline (11) and an inclined internal spline (12); The input shaft (2) and the output shaft (3) are coaxially arranged, the sleeve (1) is sleeved on the outside of at least one of the input shaft (2) and the output shaft (3), the straight internal spline (11) is engaged with the straight external spline, the inclined internal spline (12) is engaged with the inclined external spline, and the input shaft (2) drives the sleeve (1) to rotate; The control mechanism (4) is connected to the input shaft (2) and is used to control the sleeve (1) to slide from an initial position to a first position, wherein the initial position is a position where the sleeve (1) is separated from the output shaft (3), and the first position is a position where the sleeve (1) is partially engaged with the output shaft (3); When the rotation speed of the sleeve (1) is greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft (3), the sleeve (1) slides from the first position to the second position; when the rotation speed of the sleeve (1) is less than the rotation speed of the output shaft (3), the sleeve (1) slides from the second position to the initial position; the second position is a position where the sleeve (1) and the output shaft (3) are fully engaged; the pawl (413) is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve (411), one end of the first elastic member (412) is connected to the pawl (413), and the other end is connected to the connecting sleeve (411), and the pawl (413) can rotate relative to the connecting sleeve (411); when the sleeve (1) is located at the second position, the pawl (413) is embedded in the slot (21), and the second end of the sleeve (1) abuts against the pawl (413).

2. The power switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight internal spline (11) and the straight external spline are long-tooth structures, and the inclined internal spline (12) and the inclined external spline are short-tooth structures.

3. The power switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the output shaft (3) is provided with a blocking portion (31); When the shaft sleeve (1) is located at the second position, the first end of the shaft sleeve (1) abuts against the blocking portion (31).

4. The power switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control mechanism (4) includes a shift fork (42); The transmission assembly (41) is connected to the input shaft (2), and the shift fork (42) is connected to the transmission assembly (41) to drive the transmission assembly (41) to slide axially relative to the input shaft (2); When the shaft sleeve (1) is located at the initial position and the second position respectively, the transmission assembly (41) slides to a position abutting against the second end of the shaft sleeve (1).

5. The power switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shift fork (42) is connected to the connecting sleeve (411) to drive the connecting sleeve (411) to slide axially relative to the input shaft (2); The first end and the second end are two opposite ends of the shaft sleeve (1).

6. The power switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power switching device further comprises a positioning member (7) and a second elastic member (8); the inner wall of the shaft sleeve (1) is provided with a positioning groove (13) surrounding the shaft sleeve (1); and the outer wall of the input shaft (2) is provided with a mounting hole (22); The second elastic member (8) is embedded in the mounting hole (22), and the positioning member (7) is arranged between the second elastic member (8) and the inner wall of the shaft sleeve (1); When the shaft sleeve (1) is located at the initial position, the positioning member (7) is embedded in the positioning groove (13).

7. The power switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end surface of the second end of the sleeve (1) is an inclined surface, and the angle formed by the second end surface of the sleeve (1) and the axial direction of the input shaft (2) is an acute angle; The pawl (413) includes a first inclined surface (4131), and the first inclined surface (4131) can correspond to and fit with the second end surface of the sleeve (1), and the inclination direction of the first inclined surface (4131) is the same as the inclination direction of the second end surface of the sleeve (1).

8. The power switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratchet (413) further includes a second inclined surface (4132) and a third inclined surface (4133), wherein the inclination direction of the second inclined surface (4132) is opposite to the inclination direction of the first inclined surface (4131), and the inclination direction of the third inclined surface (4133) is the same as that of the first inclined surface (4131); Both side surfaces of the slot (21) are inclined surfaces; one side surface of the slot (21) corresponds to the second inclined surface (4132), and the other side surface corresponds to the third inclined surface (4133).

9. The power switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helix angles of the inclined internal spline (12) and the inclined external spline range from 10 to 30 degrees.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes the power switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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