Experimental device and experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of extensional tectonic wedges

Abstract

The present invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge. The extensional tectonic simulation sandbox of the device includes inclined side plates and a bottom plastic cloth, and the bottom plastic cloth is located above the inclined side plates. A first driving device is connected to the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox. The stretching control device includes a driving module and an adjustable plastic cloth. The driving module is connected to the adjustable plastic cloth, and the adjustable plastic cloth is located on the inclined side plates and the bottom plastic cloth. The experimental material is located on the adjustable plastic cloth and the bottom plastic cloth. By adjusting the movement speeds of the first driving device and the driving module, a speed difference is formed between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, and relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, stretching the experimental material to cause it to deform, thereby completing the simulation of multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge. The present invention can intuitively understand the superimposed deformation of the experimental material under the action of multi-stage tectonic deformation, and the experimental results are intuitive and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological experiments, and particularly to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge. Background Art

[0002] Extensional tectonics is one of the common tectonic types. The hydrocarbon-bearing basins formed under the background of extensional tectonics are important hydrocarbon-bearing basin types globally. Many large oil fields in eastern China are closely related to the background of extensional tectonics. For example, the Daqing Oil Field in the Songliao Basin, the Shengli Oil Field in the Bohai Bay Basin, and the oil fields in the East China Sea Continental Shelf, etc., are all large sedimentary basins formed under the action of extensional tectonics.

[0003] Due to the complexity of the geological deformation history, a region often experiences more than one stage of extensional deformation process. The two-stage extensional deformation process will cause the superposition and cutting of structures, making the structural styles complex. At the same time, the superposition and cutting relationship of the two-stage extensional tectonics will affect the storage and migration processes of oil and gas, thus bringing great difficulties to accurately reconstructing the tectonic deformation history and guiding hydrocarbon resource exploration.

[0004] Researchers at home and abroad have carried out a large number of physical simulation experiments on extensional tectonics. However, due to the limitations of experimental devices and test methods, only the evolution process of one-stage extensional tectonics can be simulated.

[0005] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN202010012595.8, it relates to a physical simulation experimental device and method for a tectonic transfer zone in an extensional environment. The physical simulation experimental device for a tectonic transfer zone in an extensional environment includes a power device, an experimental box, and a camera. A plastic film or rubber skin is first laid at the bottom of the experimental box to transmit extensional stress, and then experimental materials are laid on the plastic film or rubber skin. The experimental box and the power device are placed vertically relative to each other. The power device is placed on both sides of the experimental box and moves horizontally during the experiment to simulate stress changes in different horizontal directions. The camera is located above the experimental box to record the experimental process. The research on the physical simulation experimental process of the tectonic transfer zone in an extensional environment by the physical simulation experimental device and method for a tectonic transfer zone in an extensional environment can provide researchers with a new geological structure physical simulation device and method.

[0006] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN201210549938.X, it involves a physical simulation experimental device for uniform bottom stretching of geological structures. The device includes: a power system containing a servo motor (9), a stretching rod (13), a stretching block (17), a first bracket (1), and a rubber stretching plate (2); an experimental material (16) is covered on the rubber stretching plate (2), one end of the rubber stretching plate (2) is fixed to the first bracket (1), and the other end is connected to the stretching block (17); the device also includes a stretching mechanism (18) for fixedly connecting the material to be measured and the rubber stretching plate (2) to the stretching mechanism (18); the power system drives the stretching rod (13) to move in a direction away from the first bracket (1); the stretching block (17) connected to the stretching rod (13) drives the rubber stretching plate (2) and the material to be measured to move in a direction away from the first bracket (1) together. Using the technical solution provided by this invention, uniform stretching deformation at the bottom of the experimental material layer can be achieved.

[0007] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN202011163689.1, it involves an experimental device and method for simulating the action of composite diapirs of different structural types. The device includes a planar platform skeleton system, an experimental simulation system, a driving system, an experimental auxiliary system, and a control system; among them, the planar platform skeleton system is used to support the entire experimental equipment, the experimental simulation system is used to simulate the geological evolution situation suitable for the actual needs of each work area, the driving system is used to drive each moving unit to complete the sandbox physical simulation experiment that conforms to the structural evolution simulation of the actual research work area, the experimental auxiliary system includes a lighting device and a photographing device, and the control system has a computer measurement and control module for controlling the lighting and extinguishing of the lighting device of the experimental table, the photographing frequency of the photographing device, and the driving speed, time, direction, and distance of each driving module in the driving system. Using this device and method, the formation can be tilted at different angles, and a sandbox physical simulation experiment of the superimposed diapir structure action of multiple structural types such as gravity sliding structure, extensional structure, and compressive structure can be realized.

[0008] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN201721367709.0, it involves a bilateral stretching physical simulation experimental device. It includes a rotating hub, a non-elastic line, an elastic line, a rotating shaft, a movable plate, a fixed bottom plate, a formation, and an elastic body; the rotating hub is connected to the rotating shaft through a non-elastic line; the rotating shaft is connected to the movable plate through an elastic line, and by rotating the rotating shaft, the elastic line and the movable plate are pulled to simulate the two-way stretching of the formation; the elastic body is connected to the fixed bottom plate; the elastic body is concave, so that the stretching of both sides of the movable plate can drive the stretching of the elastic body. It overcomes the problem that the traditional method cannot simply and accurately simulate the structural physical simulation under the two-way stretching stress state.

[0009] The above prior arts are quite different from the present invention and cannot solve the technical problems we aim to address. Therefore, we have invented a new experimental device and method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge, which can intuitively understand the superimposed deformation of experimental materials under multi-stage tectonic deformation, and the experimental results are intuitive and accurate.

[0011] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: An experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge, which includes a first driving device, an extensional tectonic simulation sandbox, and an extension control device. The extensional tectonic simulation sandbox includes an inclined side plate and a bottom plastic cloth, and the bottom plastic cloth is located above the inclined side plate. The first driving device is connected to the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox. The extension control device includes a driving module and an adjustable plastic cloth. The driving module is connected to the adjustable plastic cloth, and the adjustable plastic cloth is located on the inclined side plate and the bottom plastic cloth. The experimental material is located on the adjustable plastic cloth and the bottom plastic cloth. By adjusting the movement speeds of the first driving device and the driving module, a speed difference is formed between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, and the experimental material is extended to deform, thus completing the simulation of multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge.

[0012] The object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0013] The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge further includes a test bench frame, and the first driving device, the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox, and the extension control device are all located on the test bench frame.

[0014] The extension control device further includes a fixing bracket, and the extension control device is fixed to the test bench frame through the fixing bracket.

[0015] The position of the inclined side plate is fixed to control the overall shape of the extensional tectonic wedge, and the inclined surface shape of the inclined side plate includes an arc surface and a plane.

[0016] The extensional tectonic simulation sandbox further includes a movable pull plate, the bottom plastic cloth is fixed on the movable pull plate, and the first driving device is connected to the movable pull plate.

[0017] The shape of the adjustable plastic cloth includes a rectangle and a trapezoid.

[0018] Both the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth are made of materials that will not undergo elastic stretching deformation.

[0019] There are multiple groups of the driving modules, and each group of the driving modules is correspondingly connected to one piece of the adjustable plastic cloth.

[0020] Each group of the driving modules includes a second driving device, a fixed base, a reserved support rod, and a limiting mechanism. The second driving device is located on the fixed base, the reserved support rod is fixed above the fixed base, and the limiting mechanism is fixed above the fixed base.

[0021] The advancing rate of the second driving device of the driving module located below is not less than the advancing rate of the second driving device of the driving module located above.

[0022] The adjustable plastic cloth connected to the driving module located below is longer than the adjustable plastic cloth connected to the driving module located above.

[0023] The object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures: an experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge. The experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge adopts an experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge, including:

[0024] Step 1: Set the shape of the inclined side plate according to the shape of the extensional tectonic wedge to be simulated, set the number of driving modules according to the experimental requirements, and adjust the shapes of multiple adjustable plastic cloths;

[0025] Step 2: Lay the experimental materials in the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox. The experimental materials should be entirely laid above the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloths;

[0026] Step 3: Start the first driving device and multiple second driving devices. The retreat rate of the first driving device is equal to the advancing rate of each second driving device, so that the movable pull plate is pulled outward. There is no relative movement between the adjustable plastic cloths, and there is also no relative movement between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths and the bottom plastic cloth. The experimental materials and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths move simultaneously with the bottom plastic cloth. The experimental materials above the inclined side plate are deformed under the action of gravity, completing the simulation of one-stage extensional tectonics;

[0027] Step 4: After reaching the preset extensional deformation amount, adjust the advancing rates of the multiple second driving devices to form a speed difference between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths. There is relative sliding between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, and there is also relative sliding between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths. The experimental materials are stretched and deformed, completing the simulation of multi-stage extensional tectonics;

[0028] Step 5: Observe and collect the deformation conditions and image data of the experimental materials.

[0029] The experimental device and method for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge in the present invention. During the experiment, the inclined side plate controls the overall shape of the extensional tectonic wedge. By adjusting the movement speeds of multiple driving devices, a speed difference is formed between the bottom plastic cloth and multiple adjustable plastic cloths, relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, and relative sliding can also occur between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, deforming the extensional experimental material to complete the simulation of multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can not only simulate the deformation of a single-stage extensional tectonic wedge, but also simulate the multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge, enabling an intuitive understanding of the superimposed deformation of the experimental material under multi-stage tectonic deformation, and the experimental results are intuitive and accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a top view of the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a left view of the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge of the present invention includes: a test bench; a driving device fixedly arranged on the test bench; a simulated extensional tectonic sand box connected to the driving device; the simulated extensional tectonic sand box is fixedly arranged on the test bench; an extension control device arranged on the test bench and detachably connected to the simulated extensional tectonic sand box.

[0036] The simulated extensional tectonic sand box includes an inclined side plate, a bottom plastic cloth, and a movable pull plate, and the bottom plastic cloth is fixed on the movable pull plate.

[0037] The position of the inclined side plate is fixed and used to control the overall shape of the extensional tectonic wedge. The inclined surface shape of the inclined side plate includes but is not limited to shapes such as arc surface and plane surface.

[0038] The inclined side plate is used for the first-stage extensional deformation.

[0039] The extensional control device includes a driving device, a fixed base, a reserved support rod, a limiting mechanism and an adjustable plastic cloth, and multiple extensional control devices can be added through the reserved support rod.

[0040] The shape of the adjustable plastic cloth includes but is not limited to shapes such as rectangle and trapezoid.

[0041] For the extensional control device, the adjustable plastic cloth of the lower extensional control device must be longer than that of the upper extensional control device.

[0042] When two or more of the extensional control devices are installed, the front end of the adjustable plastic cloth of the lower extensional control device must be longer than that of the upper extensional control device.

[0043] When two or more of the extensional control devices are installed, the forward rate of the driving device of the lower extensional control device is not less than that of the driving device of the upper extensional control device.

[0044] The bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth do not undergo elastic telescopic deformation.

[0045] The experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge using the present invention includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1, arrange experimental materials in the extensional tectonic simulation experimental sand box and connect each component;

[0047] Step 2, simultaneously start the driving device fixed on the test bench and all the driving devices fixed on the fixed base. For the driving device fixed on the test bench, its retreat rate must be equal to the sum of the forward rates of the driving devices of each extensional control device. The movable pull plate pulls the bottom plastic cloth outward, and the experimental materials and the adjustable plastic cloth move along with the bottom plastic cloth under the action of friction, and the materials are deformed under the control of the inclined side plate to complete the simulation of the first-stage extensional structure;

[0048] Step 3: Adjust the advancing speed of multiple driving devices fixed on the fixed base to create a speed difference between the bottom plastic cloth and multiple adjustable plastic cloths, causing relative sliding between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, and relative sliding can also occur between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths to stretch the experimental material and deform it, thus completing the simulation of multi-stage extensional structures.

[0049] Step 4: Observe and collect data during the experiment.

[0050] The following are several specific embodiments of applying the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, it is a specific structural diagram of the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of extensional structure wedges of the present invention. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of extensional structure wedges includes:

[0053] Test bench 1;

[0054] Driving device 2, fixedly arranged on the test bench 1;

[0055] Extensional structure simulation sand box 3, connected to the driving device 2, and the extensional structure simulation sand box 3 is fixed on the test bench 1; the extensional structure simulation sand box 3 includes an inclined side plate 4, a bottom plastic cloth 5 and a movable pull plate 6, and the bottom plastic cloth 5 is fixed on the movable pull plate 6. The position of the inclined side plate 4 is fixed to control the overall shape of the extensional structure wedge, and the inclined surface shape of the inclined side plate 4 includes but is not limited to arc surface, plane and other shapes. Figure 1 The shape of the inclined side plate 4 shown is an arc surface, of course, not limited to this shape.

[0056] The inclined side plate 4 controls the first-stage extensional deformation.

[0057] Extensional control device, arranged on the test bench 1 and detachably connected to the extensional structure simulation sand box 3.

[0058] The extensional control device includes a driving device 2, a fixed base 8, a reserved support rod 9, a limit mechanism 10 and an adjustable plastic cloth 11, and multiple extensional control devices can be added through the reserved support rod 9.

[0059] The extensional control device is fixed on the test bench 1 through the fixed bracket 7.

[0060] The shape of the adjustable plastic cloth 11 includes but is not limited to rectangular, trapezoidal and other shapes. Figure 2The shape of the adjustable plastic cloth 11 shown is rectangular, but it is not limited to this shape. The backward speed of the driving device 2 fixed on the test bench 1 is equal to the sum of the forward speeds of the multiple driving devices 2 fixed on the fixed base 8. When simulating the first-stage extensional structure, the adjustable plastic cloth 11 and the experimental material move synchronously under the frictional force of the bottom plastic cloth 5.

[0061] When two or more of the extensional control devices are installed, the front end of the adjustable plastic cloth 11 of the extensional control device located below must be longer than that of the adjustable plastic cloth 11 of the extensional control device located above.

[0062] When two or more of the extensional control devices are installed, the forward speed of the driving device 2 of the extensional control device located below is not less than the forward speed of the driving device 2 of the extensional control device located above.

[0063] The bottom plastic cloth 5 and the adjustable plastic cloth 11 will not undergo elastic stretching and deformation.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] The experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge of the present invention uses Figure 1 the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of an extensional tectonic wedge shown, and includes the following steps:

[0066] 1. Arrange the experimental material in the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox 3 and connect each component;

[0067] 2. Simultaneously start the driving device 2 fixed on the test bench 1 and all the driving devices 2 fixed on the fixed base 8. The backward speed of the driving device 2 fixed on the test bench 1 must be equal to the sum of the forward speeds of the driving devices 2 of each extensional control device. The movable pull plate 3 pulls the bottom plastic cloth 5 outward, and the experimental material and the adjustable plastic cloth 11 move with the bottom plastic cloth 5 under the action of frictional force, and the material deforms under the control of the inclined side plate 4 to complete the simulation of the first-stage extensional structure;

[0068] 3. Adjust the forward speeds of the multiple driving devices 2 fixed on the fixed base 8 to form a speed difference between the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11, and relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11 to stretch the experimental material and make it deform to complete the simulation of the multi-stage extensional structure;

[0069] 4. Observe and collect data during the experiment.

[0070] Embodiment 3

[0071] In a specific embodiment 3 of applying the present invention, multi-stage stretching deformation is set as follows: the shape of the inclined side plate 4 is set according to the shape of the simulated stretching tectonic wedge; the number of stretching control devices is set according to experimental requirements, and the shapes of multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11 are adjusted. The lengths of the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11 should meet the experimental requirements. Then, the experimental materials are laid in the stretching tectonic simulation sandbox 3, and all the experimental materials should be laid above the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the adjustable plastic cloths 11.

[0072] Experimental process: Refer to Figure 1 , start the driving device 2 fixed on the test bench 1 and the driving device 2 of the stretching control device, pull the movable pull plate 6 outward, and the experimental materials and the adjustable plastic cloths 11 move simultaneously with the bottom plastic cloth 5. The experimental materials above the inclined side plate 4 are deformed under the action of gravity to complete the simulation of one-stage stretching structure; after reaching the preset stretching deformation amount, adjust the forward speed of the driving devices 2 fixed on the fixed base 8, so that a speed difference is formed between the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11. Relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11, and relative sliding can also occur between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11. The experimental materials are stretched and deformed to complete the simulation of multi-stage stretching structure.

[0073] Data acquisition: Observe and collect the deformation conditions and data of the experimental materials.

[0074] Through the above experimental method, during the process of one-stage stretching structure, the movement and deformation of the adjustable plastic cloth 11 are synchronized with the bottom plastic cloth 5. Therefore, the adjustable plastic cloth 11 does not affect the deformation of the experimental materials, and the deformation of the experimental materials is controlled by the shape of the inclined side plate 4; during the process of multi-stage stretching structure, relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth 5 and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11, and relative sliding also occurs between the multiple adjustable plastic cloths 11, realizing the simulation of multi-stage stretching deformation. Researchers can obtain the phenomena and data of the evolution process of multi-stage stretching structure by observing and recording the deformation of the experimental materials during the experiment, and can conduct detailed and further research on the multi-stage stretching structure model.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0076] Except for the technical features described in the specification, they are all known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic extensional wedge, characterized in that, The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge includes a first driving device, an extensional tectonic simulation sandbox, and an extension control device. The extensional tectonic simulation sandbox includes inclined side plates and a bottom plastic cloth, and the bottom plastic cloth is located above the inclined side plates. The first driving device is connected to the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox. The extension control device includes a driving module and an adjustable plastic cloth. The driving module is connected to the adjustable plastic cloth, and the adjustable plastic cloth is located on the inclined side plates and the bottom plastic cloth. The experimental material is located on the adjustable plastic cloth and the bottom plastic cloth. Adjust the movement speeds of the first driving device and the driving module to form a speed difference between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, so that relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth, and the experimental material is extended to deform, completing the simulation of multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge; There are multiple groups of the driving modules, and each group of the driving modules is correspondingly connected to a piece of the adjustable plastic cloth; Each group of the driving modules includes a second driving device, a fixed base, a reserved support rod, and a limiting mechanism. The second driving device is located on the fixed base, the reserved support rod is fixed above the fixed base, and the limiting mechanism is fixed above the fixed base; Adjust the advancing speeds of the multiple driving devices fixed on the fixed base to form a speed difference between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, so that relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic cloth and the multiple adjustable plastic cloths, and the experimental material is extended to deform, completing the simulation of multi-stage extensional tectonics.

2. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a stretching tectonic wedge according to claim 1, wherein, The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge further includes a test bench frame, and the first driving device, the extensional tectonic simulation sandbox, and the extension control device are all located on the test bench frame.

3. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge with extensional structures according to claim 2, characterized in that The extension control device further includes a fixed bracket, and the extension control device is fixed to the test bench frame through the fixed bracket.

4. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge with extensional structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The position of the inclined side plates is fixed to control the overall shape of the extensional tectonic wedge, and the inclined surface shapes of the inclined side plates include arc surfaces and flat surfaces.

5. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge with extensional structures according to claim 1, wherein, The extensional tectonic simulation sandbox further includes a movable pull plate, the bottom plastic cloth is fixed on the movable pull plate, and the first driving device is connected to the movable pull plate.

6. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge of extensional structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the adjustable plastic cloth includes a rectangle and a trapezoid.

7. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge with extensional structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth are made of materials that will not undergo elastic expansion and contraction deformation.

8. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of a tectonic wedge with extensional structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The advancing speed of the second driving device of the driving module located below is not less than the advancing speed of the second driving device of the driving module located above.

9. The experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable plastic cloth connected to the driving module located below is longer than the adjustable plastic cloth connected to the driving module located above.

10. An experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of a simulated extensional tectonic wedge, characterized in that, The experimental method for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge uses the experimental device for simulating multi-stage deformation of the extensional tectonic wedge described in claim 1, and includes: Step 1, set the shape of the inclined side plates according to the shape of the extensional tectonic wedge to be simulated, set the number of driving modules according to the experimental requirements, and adjust the shapes of the multiple adjustable plastic cloths; Step 2, lay the experimental material in the extensional tectonic simulation experimental sandbox, and the experimental material should be completely laid above the bottom plastic cloth and the adjustable plastic cloth; Step 3: Start the first driving device and multiple second driving devices. The backward speed of the first driving device is equal to the forward speed of each second driving device, so as to pull the movable pull plate outward. There is no relative movement between the adjustable plastic fabrics, and there is also no relative movement between the multiple adjustable plastic fabrics and the bottom plastic fabric. The experimental material and the multiple adjustable plastic fabrics move simultaneously with the bottom plastic fabric, and the experimental material above the inclined side plate deforms under the action of gravity, completing the simulation of the first-stage extensional structure; Step 4: After reaching the preset extensional deformation amount, adjust the forward speed of the multiple second driving devices to form a speed difference between the bottom plastic fabric and the multiple adjustable plastic fabrics. Relative sliding occurs between the bottom plastic fabric and the multiple adjustable plastic fabrics, and relative sliding also occurs between the multiple adjustable plastic fabrics. The experimental material is stretched and deformed, completing the simulation of multiple-stage extensional structures; Step 5: Observe and collect the deformation conditions and image data of the experimental material.

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