Information processing device, information processing system, information processing method

By installing an acceleration sensor on the stamping device to detect and process vibration signals, the problem of low punch processing time accuracy is solved, enabling high-precision detection and anomaly identification of stamping processing time, thus improving processing reliability.

CN116511279BActive Publication Date: 2026-04-03RICOH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-01-30
Publication Date
2026-04-03

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies struggle to accurately measure the processing time of the punch on the workpiece, especially when the through-cutting tool wears and other conditions change, affecting the time accuracy of shearing processes.

Method used

By installing an acceleration sensor on the stamping device to detect vibration signals, and using a processing judgment device to perform bandpass filtering and envelope processing, the time point at which the penetrating tool begins to impact and causes the material to fracture is accurately detected. Combined with the time difference, the normal or abnormal processing is judged.

Benefits of technology

It achieves high-precision detection of stamping processing time, and can promptly identify abnormalities such as wear of through-cutting tools, thereby improving processing accuracy and reliability.

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Abstract

This invention relates to information processing apparatus, information processing system, information processing method, storage medium, and computer device, with the aim of obtaining the shearing processing time with good accuracy. The processing judgment device 12 includes: an acquisition unit (76) for acquiring a vibration measurement signal from an acceleration sensor (27) provided on a stamping device 11 that shears a blank 20 with a through-cutting tool (23); and a detection unit (78) for detecting, based on the detection signal, the start time of the through-cutting tool (23) impacting the blank (20) and the fracture time at which the through-cutting tool (23) causes the blank (20) to fracture.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to information processing apparatus, information processing system, information processing method, storage medium, and computer device. Background Technology

[0002] Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-098280 discloses a method for detecting the impact time of a punch. The method involves installing a vibration acceleration sensor on the punch head or die part of a high-speed stamping machine, detecting the vibration of the punch during impact using the sensor, and simultaneously extracting the required vibration waveform using a strip filter. The phase of this vibration waveform is compared with the phase of the impact vibration waveform during normal stamping. If the phase exceeds the specified range, the impact time of the punch is determined to be defective.

[0003] Patent document 2, JP 2021-146368, discloses a processing judgment device, which includes a judgment unit that determines the type of abnormality of the stamping device based on the characteristics of the spectrum corresponding to the contact time when the piercing tool contacts the blank and the piercing tool penetrates the blank, which is determined by the change of the load applied to the piercing tool over time.

[0004] Against the backdrop of the prior art, the objective of this invention is to obtain the processing time of a workpiece with a punch with good precision. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an information processing apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a detection information acquisition unit for acquiring a vibration detection signal; and a detection unit for detecting, based on the detection information, the start time of the punch impacting the work-processed material and the fracture time at which the punch causes the work-processed material to fracture.

[0006] The advantage of this invention is that it can obtain the processing time of the workpiece with a punch with good accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is an overall configuration diagram of the management system involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shearing process involved in this embodiment.

[0009] Figure 3 This is a hardware structure block diagram of the controller of the stamping device involved in this embodiment.

[0010] Figure 4 This is a hardware structure block diagram of the processing judgment device involved in this embodiment.

[0011] Figure 5 This is a hardware structure block diagram of the communication terminal and management server involved in this embodiment.

[0012] Figure 6 This is a functional structure block diagram of the management system involved in this embodiment.

[0013] Figure 7 This is a conceptual diagram of the vibration data management table involved in this embodiment.

[0014] Figure 8 This is a conceptual diagram of the component data management table involved in this embodiment.

[0015] Figure 9 This is a timing diagram of the processing involved in this embodiment.

[0016] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the detection and judgment process involved in this implementation method.

[0017] Figure 11 This is a comparison table of the embodiments and comparative examples involved in this implementation.

[0018] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the vibration waveforms and spectra of the embodiments and comparative example 3 involved in this implementation.

[0019] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the display screen in the processing judgment device according to this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the display screen in the communication terminal involved in this embodiment.

[0021] Figure 15 This is a timing diagram of the processing of a modified example involved in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the management system, which is an example of an information processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The management system 1 of this embodiment includes a processing judgment device 12 connected to the stamping device 11, a communication terminal 3, and a management server 5.

[0023] The processing judgment device 12, the communication terminal 3, and the management server 5 are all examples of information processing devices. The management server 5 is an example of an external device relative to the processing judgment device 12, the communication terminal 3 is an example of an external device relative to the management server 5, and the processing judgment device 12 is an example of a second external device relative to the management server 5.

[0024] The communication terminal 3 can be installed in the same location as the stamping device 11 and the processing judgment device 12, or it can be installed in different locations.

[0025] The processing judgment device 12, the communication terminal 3, and the management server 5 can communicate with each other via the communication network 100. The communication network 100 consists of the Internet, mobile communication networks, LANs (local area networks), etc. The communication network 100 includes not only wired communication but may also include 3G-based communication. rd Networks for wireless communications such as Generat ion, WiMAX (World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access), and LTE (Long Term Evolution).

[0026] The stamping device 11 is a device for performing stamping processing, which deforms the blank 20 by pressing the cutting tool against it. The stamping device 11 includes a lower die 21, an upper die 22, a through cutter 23, a motor 24, an acceleration sensor 27, and a controller 28.

[0027] The blank 20 is fixed between the lower die 21 and the upper die 22. The through cutter 23 moves longitudinally in the figure by means of the driving force of the motor 24. In this embodiment, the stamping device 11 performs shearing by lowering the through cutter 23, penetrating the blank 20 and entering the hole formed in the lower die 21, thereby forming a hole in the blank 20.

[0028] Accelerometer 27 detects vibrations of the stamping device 11, including vibrations of the blank 20. Although the accelerometer 27 in this embodiment is provided on a part of the upper die 22, it is not limited thereto. The accelerometer 27 can be provided at any location that can detect vibrations of the stamping device 11 or the blank 20 generated during the stamping process. It can also be provided at a location separate from the stamping device 11, or it can be provided on the blank 20.

[0029] The accelerometer 27 is communicatively connected to the processing determination device 12 via a sensor amplifier. The accelerometer 27 and sensor amplifier can be pre-installed on the stamping device 11 or installed post-installed. The sensor amplifier is not limited to being installed on the stamping device 11; it can also be installed on the processing determination device 12.

[0030] Figure 1 The stamping device 11 shown is for shearing operations, but its configuration is not limited to this. The stamping device 11 can also perform other stamping operations besides shearing by changing the cutting tools. In addition to the lower die 21, upper die 22, and through-cutting tool 23 mentioned above, the cutting tools can also be, for example, drill bits, end mills, cutting heads, grinding wheels, and worktables that hold the blank 20 and move to cooperate with the processing.

[0031] The processing judgment device 12 performs processing to judge the state of the stamping device 11. In this embodiment, the processing judgment device 12 performs processing to judge whether there is an abnormality in the stamping device 11 and the type of abnormality based on the detection signal (vibration waveform) from the acceleration sensor 27 and the processing control signal from the controller 28.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shearing process involved in this embodiment.

[0033] Shearing processing such as Figure 2 As shown, (a) shows the impact of the through-cutting tool 23 on the blank 20, (b) shows the breakage of the blank 20 caused by the through-cutting tool 23, and (c) shows the vibration waveform during the shearing process.

[0034] Through in-depth research, the patent applicant discovered that the wear of the penetrating tool 23 affects... Figure 2 The shearing time shown is affected. Specifically, as described later, as the through-cutter 23 gradually wears down, the time difference between the start and break times of the shearing process widens. Moreover, in addition to wear, the shape of the through-cutter 23, the die clearance, the material and shape of the blank 20, and other factors that do not conform to the set conditions also affect the shearing time. The first problem addressed in this embodiment is to obtain the shearing time with high precision.

[0035] As described below, this implementation method can be used Figure 2 (c) shows the vibration waveform during shearing, so as to obtain the shearing time with good accuracy.

[0036] The patent applicant further discovered that, while focusing on the peak value of the vibration waveform in order to obtain the shearing processing time with high precision, obtaining the processing time with high precision based on the peak value of the vibration waveform is not only applicable to shearing processing, but also to all stamping processes such as bending, stretching, forming, forging, and joining. Figure 2 In (c), t represents the time between the peak values ​​of the vibration waveform.

[0037] The second issue addressed in this embodiment is the high-precision detection of the peak value of vibration waveforms during stamping processes.

[0038] <Hardware Composition of Stamping Device 11>

[0039] Figure 3 This is an example hardware structure block diagram of the controller 28 of the stamping device 11 involved in the implementation.

[0040] The controller 28 is communicatively connected via bus 200 to the CPU (Central Processing Unit) 201, ROM (Read-Only Memory) 202, RAM (Random Access Memory) 203, communication I / F (Interface) 204, and drive control circuitry 205.

[0041] CPU 201 is a computing device that controls the entire stamping device 11. For example, CPU 201 uses RAM 203 as its working area and executes programs stored in ROM 202, etc., to control the operation of the entire stamping device 11 and realize stamping processing.

[0042] The communication I / F204 is an interface used for communication with external devices such as the processing judgment device 12. The communication I / F204 may be, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card) that supports TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) / IP (Internet Protocol).

[0043] The drive control circuit 205 controls the drive of the motor 24, which causes the through-cutting tool 23 in the stamping process to move. The drive control circuit 205 drives the machine according to indication signals from the CPU 201, etc.

[0044] Figure 3 The hardware configuration shown is just an example. The stamping device 11 may not necessarily have all the above-mentioned components, and may also have other components.

[0045] <Hardware Composition of the Processing Judgment Device>

[0046] Figure 4 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a processing determination device 12 involved in the implementation method.

[0047] The processing judgment device 12 consists of a CPU 61, ROM 62, RAM 63, communication I / F 64, sensor I / F 65, auxiliary storage device 66, input device 67 and display 68, which are communicatively connected via bus 60.

[0048] CPU 61 is a computing device that controls the entire processing judgment device 12. CPU 61 uses RAM 63 as its working area and controls the operation of the entire processing judgment device 12 by executing processing judgment programs and other programs stored in ROM 62, etc., to realize the processing judgment function.

[0049] Communication I / F64 is an interface for communicating with external devices via the stamping device 11 and the communication network 100. Communication I / F64 corresponds to, for example, a TCP / IP NIC.

[0050] Sensor I / F65 is an interface that receives detection signals (vibration information) from the acceleration sensor 27 installed on the stamping device 11 via a sensor amplifier.

[0051] The auxiliary storage device 66 is a non-volatile storage device such as HDD (hard disk drive), SSD (solid-state drive), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), which stores various data such as the setting information of the processing judgment device 12, the detection signal received from the stamping device 11, context information, OS (operating system), and application programs.

[0052] Although the auxiliary storage device 66 mentioned here is a device included in the processing determination device 12, it is not limited thereto. The auxiliary storage device 66 may also be, for example, a storage device provided outside the processing determination device 12, or a storage device equipped with a cloud server capable of data communication with the processing determination device 12.

[0053] Input device 67 is a mouse, keyboard, or other device used for inputting text, numbers, etc., selecting various indicators, moving the cursor, etc.

[0054] The display 68 is a display device such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), or OLED (Organic Electroluminescent) display that displays text, numbers, various images, operation icons, etc.

[0055] Figure 4 The hardware configuration shown is just an example. The processing and judgment device 12 may not necessarily have all the above-mentioned components, and may also have other components.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a hardware structure block diagram of the communication terminal and management server involved in this embodiment. The hardware components of the communication terminal 3 are represented by symbols from the 300 series. The hardware components of the management server 5 are represented by symbols from the 500 series (within parentheses).

[0057] The communication terminal 3 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 301, ROM (Read-Only Memory) 302, RAM (Random Access Memory) 303, HD (Hard Disk Drive) 304, HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 305, recording medium 306, media I / F 307, display 308, network I / F 309, keyboard 311, mouse 312, CD-RW (Rewritable Optical Disc) drive 314, and bus 310.

[0058] The CPU 301 controls the operation of the entire communication terminal 3. The ROM 302 stores the program used to drive the CPU 301. The RAM 303 is used as the working area of ​​the CPU 301.

[0059] HD304 stores programs and other data. HDD305, under the control of CPU301, controls the reading and writing of various data in HD304. Media I / F307 controls the reading and writing of data in flash memory and other recording media 306.

[0060] The monitor 308 displays various information such as the cursor, menus, windows, text, or images. The network I / F 309 is an interface used for data communication using the communication network 100.

[0061] Keyboard 311 is an input device with multiple keys for inputting text, numbers, various instructions, etc. Mouse 312 is an input device for selecting and executing various instructions, selecting objects to process, moving the cursor, etc. CD-RW drive 314 controls the reading and writing of various data in CD-RW 313, which is an example of a removable recording medium.

[0062] The management server 50 includes a CPU 501, ROM 502, RAM 503, HD 504, HDD 505, recording medium 506, media I / F 507, monitor 508, network I / F 509, keyboard 511, mouse 512, CD-RW drive 514, and bus 510.

[0063] These elements are the same as those described above (CPU 301, ROM 302, RAM 303, HD 304, HDD 305, recording medium 306, media I / F 307, display 308, network I / F 309, keyboard 311, mouse 312, CD-RW drive 314, and bus 310), so descriptions are omitted.

[0064] Alternatively, it may not be a CD-R drive 314 (514), but a CD-R drive, etc. Both the communication terminal 3 and the management server 5 can be composed of a single computer, or they can be divided and their parts (functions, devices, or storage units) can be arbitrarily allocated to multiple computers.

[0065] Figure 6 This is a functional structure block diagram of the management system involved in this embodiment.

[0066] <Functional Composition of Processing Judgment Device>

[0067] The processing judgment device 12 includes a communication unit 71, a receiving unit 72, a display control unit 73, a judgment unit 74, a storage and retrieval unit 75, an acquisition unit 76, a processing unit 77, a detection unit 78, and a generation unit 79. These units are composed of... Figure 4The processing device 30 is a device that performs a function or operates according to instructions issued by the CPU 61 based on the program expanded from ROM 62 to RAM 63, wherein any one of the constituent elements shown is executed. The processing device 30 includes a storage unit 3000, which comprises... Figure 4 The RAM63 and ROM62 shown are an example of a storage device.

[0068] <Functional Composition of the Processing Judgment Device>

[0069] Communication unit 71 is an example of a transmitting unit, which transmits via... Figure 4 The CPU 61 shown in the figure issues instructions and the communication I / F 64 to achieve the sending and receiving of various data (or information) with other terminals, devices or systems via the controller 28 and the communication network 100.

[0070] Reception Department 72 is an example of a reception department, mainly through... Figure 4 The CPU 61 shown in the figure issues instructions and an input device 67 such as a keyboard or mouse is used to receive various inputs from the user.

[0071] Display control unit 73 is an example of a display control unit, which is controlled by a signal from... Figure 4 The CPU 61 shown is used to implement various images and screens on the display 68, which is an example of a display unit.

[0072] The decision unit 74 is an example of a decision unit implemented through the processing of the CPU 61, which performs various decisions.

[0073] The storage read unit 75 is an example of a storage control unit, which is composed of... Figure 4 The instructions of the CPU 61 shown are executed, and the auxiliary storage device 66 performs read and write processing in the storage unit 3000 and the auxiliary storage device 66, saving various data to the storage unit 3000 and the auxiliary storage device 66, or reading various data from the storage unit 3000 and the auxiliary storage device 66.

[0074] The storage unit 3000 constructs a vibration data management DB3001, which consists of vibration data management tables.

[0075] Obtained from Department 76 Figure 4 The CPU 61 shown in the figure implements the instructions and sensor I / F 65 to obtain detection information from the accelerometer 27 through the sensor amplifier, and at the same time obtain the necessary information from the information received from the communication unit 71.

[0076] The processing unit 77 is a processing device that performs various processes through the processing of the CPU 61.

[0077] The detection unit 78 is a detection device that performs various tests through processing by the CPU 61.

[0078] The generation unit 79 is a generation device that performs various generation processes through the processing of the CPU 61.

[0079] <Functional Composition of Communication Terminals>

[0080] The communication terminal 3 includes a communication unit 31, a receiving unit 32, a display control unit 33, a judgment unit 34, and a storage and retrieval unit 35. These functional units are... Figure 5 Each of the constituent elements shown is a device that performs or functions according to instructions issued by the CPU 301, which executes the program expanded from HD304 to RAM303. The communication terminal 3 has a device that... Figure 5 The storage unit 36 ​​shown is composed of RAM 303 and HD 304. Storage unit 36 ​​is an example of a storage unit.

[0081] <Functional Components of a Communication Terminal>

[0082] Communication unit 31 is an example of a transmitting unit, transmitted via... Figure 5 The CPU 301 shown is implemented using instructions and network I / F 309, and various data (or information) are sent and received with other terminals, devices or systems via communication network 100.

[0083] Reception Department 32 is an example of a reception department, mainly through [the following channels / information] Figure 5 The CPU 301 shown, along with the keyboard 311 and mouse 312, implements various inputs from the user.

[0084] Display control unit 33 is an example of a display control unit, which is controlled by a signal from... Figure 5 The CPU 301 shown is used to implement instructions to display various images and screens on the display 308, which is an example of a display unit.

[0085] The judgment unit 34 is an example judgment unit, which is implemented through the processing of CPU 301 to perform various judgments.

[0086] Storage read unit 35 is an example of a storage control unit, which is composed of... Figure 5 The CPU 301, HDD 305, media I / F 307, and CD-RW drive 314 execute instructions to perform read and write operations, saving various data to the storage unit 3000, recording medium 306, and CD-RW 313, or reading various data from the storage unit 3000, recording medium 306, and CD-RW 313.

[0087] <Functional Components of a Management Server>

[0088] The management server 5 includes a communication unit 51, a receiving unit 52, a display control unit 53, a judgment unit 54, a storage and retrieval unit 55, and a generation unit 56. These units are arranged according to... Figure 5 Each of the constituent elements shown has a function or functional device implemented by the CPU 501 executing instructions issued by the CPU 501, which executes the program expanded from HD504 to RAM503. The management server 5 has a function implemented by... Figure 5 The storage unit 5000 is composed of RAM 503 and HD 504. Storage unit 5000 is an example storage unit.

[0089] <Functional Components of the Management Server>

[0090] Communication unit 51 is an example of a transmitting unit, which transmits data via... Figure 5 The CPU 501 shown is implemented using instructions and network I / F 509, and various data (or information) are sent and received with other terminals, devices or systems via communication network 100.

[0091] Reception Department 52 is an example of a reception department, mainly through... Figure 5 The instructions from CPU 501, as shown, along with keyboard 511 and mouse 512, are used to implement various user inputs.

[0092] Display control unit 53 is an example of a display control unit, which is controlled by a signal from... Figure 5 The CPU 501 shown is used to implement instructions to display various images and screens on the display 508, which serves as a display unit.

[0093] Judgment Department 54 based on from Figure 5 The CPU501 instructions shown are used to perform various judgments.

[0094] The storage read unit 55 is an example of a storage control unit consisting of... Figure 5 The instructions from CPU 501, HDD 505, media I / F 507, and CD-RW drive 514 are executed to perform read and write operations, and to save various data in storage unit 5000, recording medium 506, and CD-RW 513, or to read various data from storage unit 5000, recording medium 506, and CD-RW 513.

[0095] In the storage unit 5000, a vibration data management DB5001 consisting of a vibration data management table and a component data management DB5002 consisting of a component data management table are constructed.

[0096] Generation Department 56 based on from Figure 5 The CPU501 instructions shown are used to implement various generation processes.

[0097] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a vibration data management table involved in this embodiment.

[0098] The vibration data management table is used to manage vibration data. It is constructed within the storage unit 3000. Figure 7 The vibration data management table shown is part of the vibration data management DB3001.

[0099] Storage unit 5000 also stores Figure 7 The vibration data management table shown constitutes the vibration data management DB5001. This vibration data management table manages the identification information 1-3, the vibration detection signal obtained from the acceleration sensor 27, the processing completion signal, the impact start time, the fracture time, the time difference between the impact start time and the fracture time, and the judgment result.

[0100] Identification information 1 to 3 are information contained in the signal identification information of the detection signal. Identification information 1 (factory name) is an example of factory identification information used to identify the factory of shearing processing as an example of stamping processing. Identification information 2 (device name) is an example of device identification information used to identify the device of shearing processing. Identification information 3 (processing date and time) is an example of time identification information used to identify the time of shearing processing.

[0101] The processed signal is the detection signal that has been filtered, preferably by bandpass filtering, and envelope processing. The signal after averaging the multiple signals that have undergone these processing is a waveform information representing the vibration waveform with a frequency of 10 kHz or higher, preferably 10 to 60 kHz, and more preferably 25 to 55 kHz.

[0102] The impact start time is the time identification information that identifies the start time of the impact of the penetrating cutter 23 on the billet 20.

[0103] The fracture time is the time identification information used to identify the time when the blank 20 fractures due to the penetration tool 23. The impact start time and fracture time are examples of peak value identification information used to identify peak values ​​in the vibration waveform.

[0104] The judgment result is a comparison information that represents the comparison result between the time difference and the benchmark information.

[0105] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a component data management table involved in this embodiment.

[0106] The component data management table is used to manage vibration detection signals and component information. It is stored in the storage unit 5000. Figure 8 The component data management table shown is the DB5002 component data management table. This component data management table manages the signal identification information 1-3, product identification information, and component identification information together.

[0107] Signal recognition information 1-3 is information contained in the material recognition information for identifying the processed material, and is related to... Figure 7 The identification information shown in 1-3 is the same. Product identification information identifies products whose components are made of the processed material, while component identification information identifies the components used in the processed material.

[0108] Figure 9 This is a processing timing diagram of one example involved in this embodiment.

[0109] The acquisition unit 76 of the machining judgment device 12 acquires the machining control signal and signal recognition signal controlling the movement of the through-cutting tool 23 from the controller 28, and simultaneously acquires the vibration detection signal from the acceleration sensor 27 (step S1). Step S1 is an example of a detection signal acquisition step.

[0110] The detection unit 78 detects the start time of the penetrating tool 23 impacting the blank 20 and the breakage time of the penetrating tool 23 causing the blank 20 to break in the vibration waveform representing the vibration, based on the vibration detection signal. The judgment unit 74 judges whether the processing is normal or abnormal based on the time difference between the start time and the breakage time (step S2).

[0111] The storage and retrieval unit 75 updates the vibration data managed by the vibration data management DB3001 based on the signal identification information signal obtained in step S1, the vibration detection signal, and the vibration data with start time and break time detected in step S2 (step S3). The vibration data here includes... Figure 7 The data shown includes various information such as signal identification, vibration detection, start time, and fracture time.

[0112] After the receiving unit 72 accepts the specified operation of the signal identification information, the storage and reading unit 55 uses the signal identification information as a search keyword to retrieve the corresponding vibration data by searching the vibration data management DB3001. The display control unit 73 displays the vibration data read from the storage and reading unit 75 on the display 68 (step S4). Step S4 is an example of a display step.

[0113] The communication unit 71 sends the vibration data corresponding to the signal identification information to the management server 5 (one example of a sending step), and the communication unit 51 of the management server 5 receives the vibration data sent by the communication unit 71 (step S5). As a variation of step S5, the communication unit 71 may also send the vibration data corresponding to the signal identification information to the communication terminal 3 (one example of a sending step), and the communication unit 51 of the communication terminal 3 may also receive the vibration data sent by the communication unit 71.

[0114] The storage and reading unit 55 updates the vibration data managed by the vibration data management DB5001 based on the vibration data received in step S5 (step S6).

[0115] After the receiving unit 32 of the communication terminal 3 accepts the specified operation of the material identification information to be processed (step S7), the communication unit 31 sends the specified material identification information to the management server 5, and the communication unit 51 of the management server 5 receives the material identification information sent by the communication terminal 3 (step S8).

[0116] The storage and reading unit 55 uses the identification information of the material to be processed as the search keyword, and reads the corresponding signal identification information through the search component data management DB5002. Then, using the signal identification information as the search keyword, it reads the corresponding vibration data through the search vibration data management DB5001 (step S9).

[0117] The communication unit 51 sends the material identification information and vibration data to the communication terminal 3 (one example of a sending step), and the communication unit 31 of the communication terminal 3 receives the vibration data corresponding to the material identification information (step S10).

[0118] The display control unit 33 displays the vibration data received in step S10 on the display 308 (step S11). Step S11 is an example of a display step. As a variation of step S11, the display control unit 33 may also display the vibration data received from the communication unit 71 of the processing judgment device 12 in the variation of step S5 on the display 308.

[0119] Figure 10 This is an example of the detection and judgment processing flowchart involved in this embodiment, showing the process... Figure 9 The corresponding processing steps S1 and S2.

[0120] The acquisition unit 76 of the machining judgment device 12 acquires the machining control signal controlling the movement of the through-cutting tool 23 from the controller 28, and simultaneously acquires the vibration detection signal from the acceleration sensor 27 (step S21).

[0121] The processing unit 77 determines the processing period during which the through-cutting tool 23 performs processing on the blank 20 based on the processing control signal, and performs bandpass filtering and envelope processing on the detection signal during the processing period (step S22).

[0122] The determination unit 74 determines whether the number of times step S21 has been executed for multiple different processing periods has reached the predetermined number (step S23). If the predetermined number has not been reached, it returns to step S21.

[0123] When the predetermined number of times is reached, the processing unit 77 performs average processing on the signals processed in step S21 during multiple different processing periods (step S24).

[0124] The detection unit 78 detects the peak value of the vibration waveform amplitude of the signal homogenized in step S24, which is above a specified value, and uses this as the start time of the penetrating tool 23 impacting the billet 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating tool 23 causes the billet 20 to fracture (step S25). Step S25 is an example detection step.

[0125] Here, the start time is the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the first peak, and the break time is the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the second peak.

[0126] Although the start time is as Figure 2 As shown in (a), the time corresponding to the impact of the through-cutter 23 on the billet 20 is shown, but the vibration waveform during the impact shows that the protrusion occurs from the contact between the through-cutter 23 and the billet 20 until the surface of the billet 20 forms a smooth R-shaped shear surface, and the shearing part progresses to about half of the billet 20.

[0127] Therefore, the start time can also correspond to the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the through-cutting tool 23 contacts the blank 20, the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the shearing surface appears, or the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the blank 20 breaks to a certain extent.

[0128] These periods may also include, for example, the time from when the through-cutting tool 23 contacts the blank 20 until the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent. Moreover, the start time may also be the moment when the through-cutting tool 23 contacts the blank 20, the moment when the shearing surface appears, when the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent, for example when the fractured portion progresses to about half of the blank 20, and the moment when the shearing process begins.

[0129] Although the fracture time is as Figure 2 As shown in (b), the time when the blank 20 breaks due to the through-cutting tool 23 is corresponding to the time when the blank 20 breaks, but the vibration waveform at the time of breakage shows that the protrusion is between the regions that pass through a certain period of time from the moment the blank 20 breaks.

[0130] Therefore, the fracture time can also correspond to the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the time when the shearing progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the time when the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, and the time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to a certain time after the penetrating tool 23 has penetrated the blank 20.

[0131] These periods can also be, for example, the time from when the penetrating tool 23 contacts the blank 20 to the time after the penetrating tool 23 has penetrated the blank 20. Furthermore, the fracture time can also be the moment when fracture progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, or the moment when the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, or the moment after the penetrating tool 23 has penetrated the blank 20 and a certain amount of time has elapsed. The time difference between the start time and the fracture time, as described later, is calculated by taking the difference between the moment when the penetrating tool 23 contacts the blank 20 (an example start time) and the moment when shearing progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20 (an example fracture time). Of course, the time difference between the start time and the fracture time can be calculated, for example, by subtracting the time required from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the time before fracture progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20 from the time required from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the time when the penetrating tool 23 contacts the blank 20.

[0132] If the detection unit 78 does not detect two peak values ​​(step S26), the judgment unit 74 determines that the process is abnormal (step S27).

[0133] When the time difference between the start time and the break time is within the specified range (step S28), the judgment unit 74 judges that the processing is normal (step S29); when it is outside the specified range (step S27), it judges that the processing is abnormal.

[0134] The judgment results shown in steps S27 and S29 represent a comparison information that is a comparison result after comparing the time difference with the reference information, and the specified range is a reference information.

[0135] More specifically, when the time difference exceeds the upper limit of the specified range, the judgment unit 74 determines that the through-cutting tool 23 is worn, and when the time difference is less than the lower limit of the specified range, it determines that the machining is defective. In addition to wear or machining defects, when the time difference between the start time and the break time is outside the specified range, the judgment unit 74 can also determine the shape of the through-cutting tool 23, the gap of the mold, the material and shape of the blank 20, etc., according to different set conditions.

[0136] For example, there is experimental data showing that as the wear of the through-cutting tool 23 progresses, the time difference increases from 620 μsec to 850 μsec.

[0137] The specified value in step S25 and the specified range in step S27 are examples of reference information, which can be obtained through learning processing, etc.

[0138] Figure 11 This is a comparison table of the embodiments and comparative examples involved in this implementation.

[0139] In this embodiment, an accelerometer 27 with a sampling frequency of 192kHz or higher is used as a vibration sensor, preferably in... Figure 10 In step S22, a bandpass filter of 10 kHz or higher is performed, preferably 10–60 kHz, and more preferably 25–55 kHz. That is, by removing low-frequency vibrations, including mechanical vibrations less than 10 kHz, preferably less than 25 kHz, and simultaneously removing high-frequency vibrations, including material vibrations greater than 60 kHz, preferably greater than 55 kHz, the frequency vibrations generated by the interaction between the penetrating tool 23 and the material 20 can be extracted.

[0140] In this way, it is possible to Figure 10 In step S25, the peak value of the vibration waveform amplitude above the specified value is detected with high precision, which is used as the start time of the penetrating tool 23 impacting the billet 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating tool 23 causes the billet 20 to fracture.

[0141] On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 uses an accelerometer 27 with a sampling frequency of 96 kHz or less, but... Figure 10 In step S25, it is difficult to detect the peak value of the vibration waveform that is above the specified value. This peak value is used as the start time of the penetrating tool 23 impacting the billet 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating tool 23 causes the billet 20 to fracture.

[0142] This is because Comparative Example 1 focuses on low-frequency vibration waveforms, making it difficult to extract vibration waveforms related to the start and break times from a wide variety of mechanical vibrations.

[0143] Comparative Example 2 uses an accelerometer 27 with a sampling frequency of 1 MHz or higher, but it is still difficult to detect the start time and break time.

[0144] This is because Comparative Example 2 focuses on high-frequency vibration waveforms related to the vibration of the material itself, rather than on the frequency band generated by the interaction between the through-cutting tool 23 and the blank 20.

[0145] Comparative Example 3 uses an accelerometer 27 with a sampling frequency of 192kHz or higher, but without bandpass filtering, it is difficult to detect the start time and break time.

[0146] At this point, although Comparative Example 3 focuses on the frequency band generated by the interaction between the through-cutting tool 23 and the blank 20, it is similar to Comparative Example 1 in that it is difficult to extract vibration waveforms related to the start time and breakage time from various mechanical vibrations.

[0147] Figure 12 These are the vibration waveforms and spectrum diagrams of the embodiments and comparative example 3 involved in this implementation.

[0148] Wherein, (a) is the vibration waveform and spectrum of Comparative Example 3, and (b) is the result of the embodiment. Figure 10 Step S14 averages the vibration waveform and spectrum of the signal.

[0149] Comparative Example 3 Figure 12 As shown in (a), it is difficult to determine the start time and breakage time based on the peak value of the vibration waveform above a specified value, while implementing, for example... Figure 12 As shown in (b), the peak values ​​corresponding to the start time and the break time can be easily determined.

[0150] Patent document 1 uses a strip filter to extract the required vibration waveform. By investigating the phase difference between the vibration waveform of the punch with the predicted normal impact time and the vibration waveform of the punch during the actual stamping process, it is determined whether the impact time of the punch is normal.

[0151] However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose or imply that the time difference between the start time and the break time of the shearing process increases as the wear of the through-cutting tool 23 progresses, or that the start time or the break time is detected.

[0152] Therefore, Patent Document 1 could not conceive of, for example, detecting the start time or break time by the detection unit 78 and displaying it on the screen, so that the user could see the time difference between the start time and the break time and then determine the wear of the penetrating tool 23, or determining the time difference between the start time and the break time by the determination unit 74 and determining the wear of the penetrating tool 23.

[0153] Patent Document 2 determines the contact time between the through-cutting tool and the blank, and the penetration time of the through-cutting tool through the blank, based on the change of the load applied to the through-cutting tool over time. However, the load sensor needs to withstand the load and is designed as an integral part of the through-cutting tool and the die, making it difficult to install on the stamping device afterwards. In contrast, this embodiment determines the start time and break time based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform, which has fewer restrictions on the placement of the acceleration sensor 27 that detects the vibration generated by the stamping device 11, and facilitates subsequent installation. In other words, this embodiment can easily determine the start time and break time even in a stamping device 11 that does not have a load sensor.

[0154] Furthermore, the embodiments of this implementation are not limited to shearing processes using a punch to cut the workpiece, but are also applicable to all stamping processes such as bending, stretching, forming, forging, and joining.

[0155] In other words, for various stamping processes, the embodiments can easily determine the peak value corresponding to the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece.

[0156] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the display screen of the processing judgment device 12 according to this embodiment, showing... Figure 9 In step S4, the status displayed by the display control unit 73 on the display screen 1000 of the display 68 is displayed.

[0157] The display control unit 73 displays the specified screen 1100, the search button 1200, the data display screen 1300, and the waveform display screen 1400 on the display screen 1000.

[0158] The search button 1200 is an example of an instruction screen used to receive instructions to display information about vibration. The data display screen 1300 and the waveform display screen 1400 are examples of information display screens, respectively.

[0159] The designated screen 1100 is the screen for accepting the designated operation and is used to specify the signal identification information of the detection signal, including the first designated screen 1110, the second designated screen 1120 and the third designated screen 1130.

[0160] The signal identification information includes identification information 1 (factory name), identification information 2 (device name), and identification information 3 (processing date and time). Identification signal 1 is an example of factory identification information that identifies the factory performing the shearing process, identification information 2 is an example of device identification information that identifies the device performing the shearing process, and identification information 3 is an example of time identification information that identifies the time when the shearing process was performed.

[0161] The first designated screen 1110 is the screen for accepting the designated operation of designated identification information 1 (factory name), the second designated screen 1120 is the screen for accepting the designated operation of designated identification information 2 (device name), and the third designated screen 1130 is the screen for accepting the designated operation of designated identification information 3 (processing date and time).

[0162] The receiving unit 72 accepts the specified operations on the first designated screen 1110, the second designated screen 1120 and the third designated screen 1130. When the search button 1200 is operated, the specified signal identification information on the designated screen 1100 is determined.

[0163] The storage and reading unit 75 retrieves the vibration data management DB3001 by using the specified signal identification information as the search keyword, and reads the processing completion signal, impact start time, fracture time, time difference information and judgment result corresponding to the specified signal identification information.

[0164] The display control unit 73 displays the signal identification information, time difference information and judgment result read from the vibration data management DB3001 on the data display screen 1300. At the same time, it displays the waveform information of the vibration waveform indicating the processed signal, the time identification information and time difference information of the impact start time and break time in the vibration waveform read from the vibration data management DB3001 on the waveform display screen 1400.

[0165] Here, the judgment result is a comparison information, which represents the comparison result after comparing the time difference with the reference information. The time identification information is a time information, which represents the start time and the break time.

[0166] The display control unit 73 displays multiple data display information 1300A to C on the data display screen 1300, which correspond to multiple different signal identification information.

[0167] The multiple data display information 1300A to C respectively include display information identification information 1310, identification information 1 (factory name) 1320, identification information 2 (device name) 1330, identification information 3 (processing date and time) 1340, time difference information 1350, and judgment result 1360.

[0168] The display control unit 73 displays waveform display information 1400A to C corresponding to multiple different signal identification information on the waveform display screen 1400.

[0169] The multiple waveform display information 1400A to C respectively include display information identification information 1410, waveform information 1420, time identification information 1430 for identifying the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, time identification information 1440 for identifying the fracture time of the fracture in the vibration waveform, time difference identification information 1450 in the vibration waveform, and time difference information 1460.

[0170] The display information identification information 1410 is the same as the display information identification information 1310. Therefore, multiple waveform display information 1400A to C are displayed in correspondence with identification information 1 (factory name) 1320, identification information 2 (device name) 1330, and identification information 3 (processing date and time) 1340, respectively.

[0171] The display control unit 73 can also display waveform information on the waveform display screen 1400, which represents the vibration waveform of the detection signal read from the vibration data management DB3001 by the storage and reading unit 75. Figure 13 As Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the display screen on the communication terminal 3 in the modified example of step S11 can also be the state displayed by the display control unit 33 of the communication terminal 3 on the display screen 1000 of the display 308.

[0172] Figure 13 The waveform information 1420 displays time identification information 1430 for identifying the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, time identification information 1440 for identifying the fracture time of the fracture in the vibration waveform, identification information 1450 for identifying the time difference in the vibration waveform, and time difference information 1460. However, it indicates that the content of the waveform information 1420 is not limited to these information.

[0173] For example, the time identification information 1430, which identifies the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, can also be derived from... Figure 10 The time from the start of the machining period determined in step S22 until the through-cutting tool 23 contacts the workpiece 20, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the appearance of the shear surface, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent, the moment when the penetrating tool 23 contacts the blank 23, the moment when the shearing surface appears, and when the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent, for example, when the fracture progresses to about half of the blank 20.

[0174] The time identification information 1440, used to identify the fracture time in the vibration waveform, can also be derived from... Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the fracture progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the through-cutting tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 to the time after the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20 and a certain time has elapsed, the moment when the fracture progresses to the moment when the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, the moment when the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, and the time after the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20 and a certain time has elapsed.

[0175] The time difference information 1460 can also be expressed as information derived from the time difference between the above-mentioned break time and start time.

[0176] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the display screen of the communication terminal 3 according to this embodiment, which shows... Figure 9 In steps S7 and S11, the display control unit 33 displays the status on the display screen 2000 of the display 308.

[0177] The display control unit 33 displays the designated screen 2100, the search button 2200, the data display screen 2300, and the waveform display screen 2400 on the display screen 2000.

[0178] The search button 2200 is an example of an instruction screen that displays vibration information, while the data display screen 2300 and the waveform display screen 2400 are examples of information display screens.

[0179] The designated screen 2100 is a screen that accepts a designated operation for identifying the material being processed, including a first designated screen 2110 and a second designated screen 2120.

[0180] The material identification information includes product identification information and component identification information. Product identification information is used to identify products that use the material as a component, and component identification information is used to identify components that use the material.

[0181] The first designated screen 2110 is a screen for receiving designated operations for product identification information, and the second designated screen 2120 is a screen for receiving designated operations for component identification information.

[0182] The receiving unit 32 accepts the specified operation in the first specified screen 2110 and the second specified screen 2120. After the search button 2200 is operated, the identification information of the processed material specified in the specified screen 2100 is determined.

[0183] The communication unit 31 sends the specified material identification information to the management server 5, and receives the material identification information, processing completion signal, impact start time, fracture time, time difference information and judgment result sent by the management server 5.

[0184] The display control unit 33 displays the material identification information, time difference information and judgment result received by the communication unit 31 on the data display screen 2300. At the same time, it displays the waveform information of the vibration waveform of the processed signal received by the communication unit 31, the time identification information of the impact start time and fracture time in the vibration waveform and the time difference information on the waveform display screen 2400.

[0185] The display control unit 33 displays multiple data display information 2300A to C on the data display screen 2300, which corresponds to multiple different identification information of processed materials.

[0186] The multiple data display information 2300A to C respectively include display information identification information 2310, product identification information 2320, component identification information 2330, time difference information 2340, and judgment result 2350.

[0187] The display control unit 33 displays multiple waveform display information 2400A to C on the waveform display screen 1400, which corresponds to multiple different identification information of the processed materials.

[0188] The multiple waveform display information 2400A to C respectively include display information identification information 2410, waveform information 2420, time identification information 2430 for identifying the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, time identification information 2440 for identifying the fracture time of the fracture in the vibration waveform, time identification information 2450 for identifying the time difference in the vibration waveform, and time difference information 2460.

[0189] The display information identification information 2410 is the same as the display information identification information 2310. Therefore, multiple waveform display information 2400A to C are displayed corresponding to the product identification information 2320 and the component identification information 2330, respectively.

[0190] The display control unit 33 can also display waveform information on the waveform display screen 2400, representing the vibration waveform of the detection signal read from the vibration data management DB3001 by the storage and reading unit 75.

[0191] Figure 14 The waveform information 2420 displays time identification information 2430 for identifying the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, time identification information 2440 for identifying the fracture time of the breakage in the vibration waveform, identification information 2450 for identifying the time difference in the vibration waveform, and time difference information 2460. However, it indicates that the content of the waveform information 2420 is not limited to these information.

[0192] For example, the time identification information 2430, which identifies the start time of the impact in the vibration waveform, can also be derived from... Figure 10 The time from the start of the machining period determined in step S22 until the through-cutting tool 23 contacts the workpiece 20, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the appearance of the shear surface, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent, the moment when the penetrating tool 23 contacts the blank 23, the moment when the shearing surface appears, and the moment when the fracture of the blank 20 progresses to a certain extent, such as when the fracture progresses to about half of the blank 20.

[0193] The time identification information 2440, used to identify the fracture time in the vibration waveform, can also be derived from... Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the fracture progresses to the point where the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, from Figure 10 The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until the through-cutting tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, from Figure 10The time from the start of the processing period determined in step S22 until a certain time has elapsed after the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, the moment when the fracture progresses to the moment when the penetrating tool 23 is about to penetrate the blank 20, the moment when the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20, and the moment when a certain time has elapsed after the penetrating tool 23 penetrates the blank 20.

[0194] The time difference information 2460 can also be expressed as information derived from the time difference between the above-mentioned break time and start time.

[0195] Figure 15 This is a processing timing diagram of a variation of this embodiment.

[0196] Figure 15 The timing diagram shown executes steps S39 to S41, replacing... Figure 9 Steps S9 to S11 in the timing diagram shown.

[0197] Similar to step 9, the storage and reading unit 55 searches the component data management DB5002 using the processed material identification information as the search keyword, reads the corresponding signal identification information, and searches the vibration data management DB5001 using the signal identification information as the search keyword, reads the corresponding vibration data.

[0198] Then, the generation unit 56 generates an information display screen based on the vibration data read from the vibration data management DB5001, including... Figure 14 The data display screen 2300 and waveform display screen 2400 shown are shown (step S39).

[0199] The communication unit 51 sends the information display screen generated by the generation unit 56 to the communication terminal 3 (an example of a sending step), and the communication unit 31 of the communication terminal 3 receives the information display screen (step S40).

[0200] The display control unit 33 displays the information received in step S40 on the display 308 (step S41). Step S41 is an example display step.

[0201] "Summarize"

[0202] [Method 1]

[0203] As described above, the processing judgment device 12, as an example of an information processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention, includes: an acquisition unit 76 for acquiring a vibration detection signal; and a detection unit 78 for detecting, based on the detection signal, the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time of the penetrating cutter 23 causing the blank 20 to fracture in a vibration waveform representing the vibration. Preferably, the acquisition unit 76 acquires the vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27, which is installed on the stamping device 11 that performs shearing processing on the blank 20 with the penetrating cutter 23. However, the acceleration sensor 27 may also be installed at a position separate from the stamping device 11, or it may be installed on the blank 20.

[0204] In this way, by detecting the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time of the penetrating cutter 23 causing the blank 20 to fracture based on the vibration detection information, the shearing processing time can be obtained with high precision even in the stamping device 11 which does not have a load sensor.

[0205] The through-cutting tool 23 is an example of a punch, the blank 20 is an example of a workpiece, the stamping device 11 is an example of a shearing device, the acceleration sensor 27 is an example of a vibration sensor, and the acquisition unit 76 is an example of a detection signal acquisition unit.

[0206] [Method 2]

[0207] In the first method, the detection unit 78 detects the start time and the break time based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform contained in the vibration. This enables the detection of the start time and the break time with high accuracy.

[0208] [Method 3]

[0209] In either the first or second method, the processing determination device 12 includes a storage control unit 75, which is used to save at least one of the start time and the break time, and the time difference between the start time and the break time, into the storage unit 3000. The storage control unit 75 is an example of a storage read unit.

[0210] This allows for the effective use of at least one of the start time, the break time, and the time difference between the start time and the break time.

[0211] [Method 4]

[0212] In the third method, the storage reading unit 75 saves the start time, break time, time difference and signal identification information of the detection signal into the storage unit 3000.

[0213] This allows for the effective use of at least one of the start time, break time, and the time difference between the start time and break time, in relation to the signal identification information of the detection signal.

[0214] [Method 5]

[0215] In any one of the first to fourth methods, the processing judgment device 12 has a display control unit 73, which is used to display on a display 68, which is an example display unit, at least one of the following: time information indicating start time and break time, time difference information indicating the time difference between start time and break time, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained after comparing the time difference with the reference information.

[0216] Thus, users can easily grasp at least one of the following: time information representing the start time and break time, time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and break time, and comparison information representing the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with the reference information.

[0217] [Sixth Method]

[0218] In the fifth method, the display control unit 73 displays at least one of the time information, time difference information, and comparison information on the display 68 in correspondence with the signal identification information of the identification detection signal.

[0219] Therefore, users can easily associate at least one of the time information, time difference information, and comparison information with the signal identification information of the detection signal.

[0220] [Seventh Method]

[0221] In the sixth method, the display control unit 73 displays at least one of the time information, time difference information, and comparison information on the display 68, corresponding to the signal identification information specified in the specified screen 1100 for the specified operation of receiving specified signal identification information.

[0222] Thus, users can easily grasp at least one of the time information, time difference information, and comparison information in the detection signal that specifies the signal identification information.

[0223] [Method 8]

[0224] In any of the fourth, sixth, and seventh methods, the signal identification information includes time identification information for identifying the shearing processing time. Thus, the user can easily correlate at least one of the time information, time difference information, and comparison information with the time identification information used to identify the shearing processing time.

[0225] [Ninth Method]

[0226] The processing judgment device 12 has a communication unit 71, which serves as a transmitting unit to send at least one of time information, time difference information, and comparison information to the management server 8, which is an external device.

[0227] This allows the management server 8 to share at least one of the following: time information, time difference information, and comparison information.

[0228] [Method 10]

[0229] As an example of an information processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing judgment device 12 and the communication terminal 3 include display control units 73 and 33. The display control units 73 and 33 are used to display on the displays 68 and 308, respectively, at least one of the following: time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating cutter 23 causes the blank 20 to fracture, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained after comparing the time difference with the reference information, based on the instruction operation of the search buttons 2000 and 2200. The search buttons 2000 and 2200 are an example of an instruction screen that accepts the instruction operation, and the instruction operation instructs the display of vibration information when the blank 20 is sheared by the penetrating cutter 23.

[0230] Thus, users can easily grasp at least one of the time difference information representing the start time and break time in the detection signal that represents the specified signal identification information, and the comparison information representing the comparison result obtained after comparing the comparison time difference and the reference information.

[0231] [Method 11]

[0232] In the 10th mode, the display control units 73 and 33 display at least one of the time difference information and comparison information on the display 68 and 308, corresponding to the time identification information for identifying the time of the shearing process or the material identification information for identifying the workpiece 20.

[0233] Therefore, users can easily associate at least one of the time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and the break time in the detection signal that specifies the signal identification information, and the comparison information representing the comparison result obtained by comparing the comparison time difference and the reference information, with the time identification information for identifying the shearing process time or the material identification information for identifying the workpiece 20.

[0234] [Method 12]

[0235] The processing judgment device 12 and the management server 5 are examples of information processing devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. They include communication units 71 and 51 as a type of transmission unit, which are used to send at least one of the following to the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3 as an example of external devices: time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 starting to impact the blank 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating cutter 23 causes the blank 20 to fracture, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained by comparing the comparison time difference with the reference information.

[0236] Thus, the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3 can share at least one of the following: time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and the break time, and comparison information representing the comparison result obtained by comparing the comparison time difference with the reference information.

[0237] [Method 13]

[0238] In the 12th method, the communication units 71 and 51 correspond at least one of the time difference information and comparison information with the time identification information of the time of the shearing process or the material identification information of the processed material 20, and send it to the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3.

[0239] Thus, the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3 can share at least one of the time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and the break time, and the comparison information representing the comparison result obtained by comparing the comparison time difference with the reference information, with the time identification information for identifying the shearing process time or the material identification information for identifying the raw material 20.

[0240] [Method 14]

[0241] In the 13th method, the communication unit 51 of the management server 5 sends information display screen information, which includes at least one of the information display screens 1300 and 2300, including time difference information and comparison information, to the communication terminal 3.

[0242] Thus, the communication terminal 3 can share information display screens 1300 and 2300, which include at least one of the time difference information and comparison information.

[0243] [Method 15]

[0244] The management server 5 has a communication unit 51, which is used to receive from the processing judgment device 12, which is a second external device, at least one of the following: time difference information corresponding to the time identification information of the shearing processing time, time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time of the penetrating cutter 23 causing the blank 20 to fracture, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with the reference information. The communication unit 51 associates the time difference information and the comparison information with the processing material identification information of the blank 20 and sends it to the communication terminal 3.

[0245] Therefore, at least one of the time difference information and comparison information received corresponding to the time identification information of the shearing processing time can be sent to the communication terminal 3 to correspond with the material identification information.

[0246] [Method 16]

[0247] As an example of an information processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the management system 1 includes a processing judgment device 12 and a communication terminal 3 capable of communicating with the processing judgment device 12. The processing judgment device 12 includes: an acquisition unit 76 for acquiring a vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27 provided on a stamping device 11 that performs shearing processing on a blank 20 using a through-cutting tool 23; a detection unit 78 for detecting, based on the detection signal, the start time of the through-cutting tool 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time of the through-cutting tool 23 causing the blank 20 to fracture in a vibration waveform representing vibration; and a communication unit 71 for transmitting at least one of time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and the fracture time and comparison information representing the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with reference information. The communication terminal 3 includes: a communication unit 31 for receiving at least one of the time difference information and the comparison information; and a display control unit 33 for displaying at least one of the time difference information and the comparison information on a display 308.

[0248] [Method 17]

[0249] The management system 1, as an example of an information processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes: a management server 5, which is an example of a server; a processing judgment device 12, which is an example of an information processing device capable of communicating with the management server 5; and a communication terminal 3. The processing judgment device 12 includes: an acquisition unit 76, used to acquire a vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27 provided on a stamping device 11 that performs shearing processing on a blank 20 using a through-cutting tool 23; a detection unit 78, used to detect, based on the detection signal, the start time of the through-cutting tool 23 impacting the blank 20 and the breakage time of the through-cutting tool 23 causing the blank 20 to break; and a communication unit 71, used to transmit time difference information representing the time difference between the start time and the breakage time, and to compare the time difference. At least one of the comparison information obtained from the comparison result with the reference information is sent to the management server 5 in correspondence with the time identification information of the shearing process time. The management server 5 includes: a communication unit 51, which is used to receive at least one of the time identification information, time difference information and comparison information corresponding to the time identification information from the information processing device, and send the time difference information and at least one of the comparison information to the material identification information of the blank 20 to the communication terminal 3. The communication terminal 3 includes: a communication unit 31, which is used to receive at least one of the time difference information and comparison information corresponding to the material identification information; and a display control unit 33, which is used to display the time difference information and at least one of the comparison information corresponding to the material identification information on the display 308.

[0250] [Method 18]

[0251] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method that performs a detection signal acquisition step, acquiring a vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27 provided on a stamping device 11 that performs shearing processing on a blank 20 using a through-cutting tool 23; and a detection step, detecting, based on the detection signal, the start time of the through-cutting tool 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time of the through-cutting tool 23 causing the blank 20 to fracture in a vibration waveform representing the vibration.

[0252] [Method 19]

[0253] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method that performs a display step. Based on an instruction operation on an instruction screen indicating an instruction operation to display vibration information when the blank 20 is sheared by the through-cutting tool 23, at least one of the following is displayed on the display 68, 308: time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time of the through-cutting tool 23 impacting the blank 20 and the fracture time when the through-cutting tool 23 causes the blank 20 to fracture, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with the reference information.

[0254] [Method 20]

[0255] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method that performs a sending step, sending at least one of the following to a management server 5, which is an example of an external device: time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time of the penetrating cutter 23 impacting the billet 20 and the fracture time when the penetrating cutter 23 causes the billet 20 to fracture, and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with the reference information.

[0256] [Method 21]

[0257] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a program that can be used by a computer to execute any one of the 18th to 20th modes of information processing method.

[0258] The processing judgment device 12, as an example of an information processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention, includes: an acquisition unit 76 for acquiring a vibration detection signal from an accelerometer 27 with a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or higher used to detect vibrations generated by the stamping device 11; and a detection unit 78 for detecting, based on the detection signal, the peak value of the amplitude of a vibration waveform with a frequency of 10 kHz or higher, preferably 10 to 60 kHz, and more preferably 25 to 55 kHz. This enables high-precision detection of the peak value of the vibration waveform during stamping processing.

[0259] Here, the through-cutting tool 23 is an example of a punch, the blank 20 is an example of a workpiece, the acceleration sensor 27 is an example of a vibration sensor, and the acquisition unit 76 is an example of a detection signal acquisition unit. Preferably, the acceleration sensor 27 is provided on the stamping device 11, but it can also be provided at a position separate from the stamping device 11, or it can be provided on the blank 20.

[0260] The detection unit 78 detects the peak value of the start time when the punch begins to impact the workpiece. This allows for high-precision detection of the start time when the penetrating cutter 23 begins to impact the workpiece 20. When the stamping device 11 is a shearing device, it can also detect with high precision the fracture time when the penetrating cutter 23 causes the workpiece 20 to fracture.

[0261] The processing judgment device 12 includes a storage and reading unit 75, which serves as a storage control unit and is used to store peak identification information (identifying peak values ​​in a vibration waveform) in the storage unit 3000 in correspondence with waveform information representing the vibration waveform. This allows for the effective use of waveform information and peak identification information by matching them.

[0262] The storage and reading unit 75 associates the waveform information and peak value recognition information with the signal recognition information of the detection signal and stores them in the storage unit 3000.

[0263] Therefore, waveform information and peak value recognition information can be effectively matched with signal recognition information of the detection signal for efficient utilization.

[0264] The processing judgment device 12 includes a display control unit 73, which displays peak identification information and waveform information on a display 68, which serves as an example display unit. This allows the user to easily understand the correspondence between peak identification information and waveform information.

[0265] The display control unit 73 is used to match the waveform information and peak value recognition information with the signal recognition information of the detection signal and display them on the display 68.

[0266] Therefore, users can easily correlate waveform information and peak value recognition information with signal recognition information of the detected signal.

[0267] The display control unit 73 matches the waveform information and peak value recognition information with the signal recognition information specified on the specified screen 1100 of the specified operation of the received signal recognition information and displays it on the display 68.

[0268] As a result, users can easily grasp the waveform information and peak value identification information in the detected signal with specified signal identification information.

[0269] The signal identification information includes time identification information used to identify the stamping process time. This allows users to easily correlate waveform and peak value identification information with the time identification information used to identify the stamping process time.

[0270] The processing judgment device 12 includes a communication unit 71, which serves as a transmitting unit for corresponding waveform information with peak identification information and sending it to a management server 8, which serves as an external device.

[0271] This allows waveform information to be correlated with peak value identification information and shared within management server 8.

[0272] As an example of an information processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing judgment device 12 and the communication terminal 3 include display control units 73 and 33, which are used to display on the display screens 68 and 308 the time identification information that identifies the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece and the waveform information that represents the vibration when the blank 20 is stamped by the through-cutting tool 23, according to the instruction operation of the search buttons 1200 and 2200. The search buttons 2000 and 2200 are an example of an instruction screen that accepts the instruction operation, and the instruction operation instructs the display of information about vibration when the blank 20 is stamped by the through-cutting tool 23.

[0273] Therefore, users can easily correlate the waveform information with the start time of the punch impacting the material being processed.

[0274] The display control units 73 and 33 correspond the waveform information and time recognition information with the time recognition information for recognizing the stamping processing time, or the processing material recognition information for recognizing the blank 20, and display it on the monitors 68 and 308.

[0275] Therefore, users can correlate the waveform information and time recognition information with the time recognition information for recognizing the stamping processing time or the material recognition information for recognizing the workpiece 20.

[0276] As an example of an information processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the processing judgment device 12 and the management server 5 include communication units 71 and 51. As an example of a transmission unit, the communication units 71 and 51 correspond to the waveform information of the vibration waveform when the blank 20 is stamped by the through cutter 23, and send the time identification information of the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece to the management server 5, which is an example of an external device, and the communication terminal 3.

[0277] This allows the waveform information and start time to be correlated and shared between the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3.

[0278] The communication units 71 and 51 correlate the waveform information and time identification information with the time identification information for identifying the stamping processing time or the material identification information for identifying the workpiece 20, and send it to the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3.

[0279] Therefore, the management server 5 and the communication terminal 3 can share the waveform information and time identification information with the time identification information for identifying the stamping processing time or the material identification information for identifying the raw material 20.

[0280] The communication unit 51 of the management server 5 sends the information display screen information of the information display screens 1300 and 2300, which contain waveform information and time recognition information, to the communication terminal 3.

[0281] Therefore, information display screens 1300 and 2300, which contain waveform information and time recognition information, can be shared in communication terminal 3.

[0282] The management server 5 has a communication unit 51, which receives waveform information and time identification information from the processing judgment device 12, which is a second external device, in accordance with the time identification information for identifying the stamping processing time. The communication unit 51 associates the waveform information and time identification information with the processing material identification information of the raw material 20 and sends it to the communication terminal 3.

[0283] Therefore, the received waveform information and time identification information, which correspond to the time identification information of the stamping process, can be corresponded to the material identification information and sent to the communication terminal 3.

[0284] As an example of an information processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the management system 1 includes a processing judgment device 12 and a communication terminal 3 capable of communicating with the processing judgment device 12. The processing judgment device 12 includes: an acquisition unit 76 for acquiring a vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27 provided on the stamping device 11 with a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or higher; a detection unit 78 for detecting, based on the detection signal, the peak value of the amplitude of a vibration waveform with a frequency of 10 kHz or higher, preferably 10 to 60 kHz, more preferably 25 to 55 kHz, contained in the vibration; and a communication unit 71 for transmitting waveform information and peak value identification information in correspondence. The communication terminal 3 includes: a communication unit 31 for receiving waveform information and peak value identification information in correspondence; and a display control unit 33 for displaying waveform information and peak value identification information in correspondence on a display screen 308.

[0285] The management system 1, as an example of an embodiment of the present invention, is an information processing system comprising: a management server 5, as an example of a server; a processing judgment device 12, as an example of an information processing device capable of communicating with the management server 5; and a communication terminal 3. The processing judgment device 12 comprises: an acquisition unit 76 for acquiring a vibration detection signal from an acceleration sensor 27 provided on the stamping device 11 with a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or higher; a detection unit 78 for detecting, based on the detection signal, the peak value of the amplitude of a vibration waveform with a frequency of 10 kHz or higher, preferably 10 to 60 kHz, more preferably 25 to 55 kHz, contained in the vibration; and a communication unit 71 for transmitting the waveform... The waveform information and peak identification information are correlated with the time identification information of the stamping process and sent to the management server 5. The management server 5 includes: a communication unit 51, which receives waveform information and peak identification information from the information processing device in correspondence with the time identification information, and correlates the waveform information and peak identification information with the material identification information of the blank 20 and sends it to the communication terminal 3. The communication terminal 3 includes: a communication unit 31, which receives waveform information and peak identification information in correspondence with the material identification information; and a display control unit 33, which displays the waveform information and peak identification information in correspondence with the material identification information on the display 308.

[0286] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method, wherein the following steps are performed: a detection signal acquisition step, in which a vibration detection signal is acquired from an accelerometer 27 provided on a stamping device 11 with a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or higher; and a detection step, in which the peak value of the amplitude of a vibration waveform containing a frequency of 10 kHz or higher, preferably 10 to 60 kHz, and more preferably 25 to 55 kHz, is detected based on the detection signal.

[0287] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method in which a display step is performed, wherein, according to the instruction operation of the search buttons 1200 and 2200, time identification information that identifies the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece is matched with waveform information that represents the waveform of the vibration when the blank 20 is stamped using the through-cutting tool 23, and the information is displayed on the displays 68 and 308. The search buttons 1200 and 2200 are, for example, an instruction screen that accepts the instruction operation, which instructs the display of the vibration information when the blank 20 is stamped using the through-cutting tool 23.

[0288] An embodiment of the present invention relates to an information processing method in which a sending step is performed, wherein time identification information that identifies the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece is matched with waveform information that represents the vibration waveform when the blank 20 is stamped using the through-cutting tool 23, and the information is sent to a management server 5 and a communication terminal 3, which are external devices, as an example.

[0289] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a program that can be executed by a computer using the above information processing method.

[0290] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0291] 1. Management System (An Example of an Information Processing System)

[0292] 100 Communication Network

[0293] 11. Stamping device

[0294] 12. Processing Judgment Device (An Example of an Information Processing Device)

[0295] 20. Raw materials (an example of material to be processed)

[0296] 21 Lower mold

[0297] 22 upper mold

[0298] 23. Through-cutting tool (one example of a punch)

[0299] 27. Accelerometer (an example of a vibration sensor)

[0300] 28 Controllers

[0301] 68. Display (Example of a display unit)

[0302] 71. Communications Department (Example: Transmission Department)

[0303] 72 Reception Department

[0304] 73 Display Control Unit

[0305] 74 Judgment Department

[0306] 75 Storage and Reading Unit

[0307] 76. Acquisition Department (One Case of Test Information Acquisition Department)

[0308] 77 Processing Department

[0309] 78 Testing Department

[0310] 79 Generation Department

[0311] 3000 storage unit

[0312] 3001 Vibration Data Management DB (An Example of a Vibration Data Management Department)

[0313] 3. Communication terminal (an example of an information processing device)

[0314] 31. Communications Department (Example: Receiving Department)

[0315] 32 Reception Department

[0316] 33 Display Control Unit

[0317] 34 Judgment Department

[0318] 35. Storage read / write unit (one example of a storage control unit)

[0319] 36 Storage Department

[0320] 308 Display (Example of a display unit)

[0321] 5. Management Server (an example of an information processing device)

[0322] 51. Communications Department (Example: Transmitter and Receiver)

[0323] 52 Reception Department

[0324] 53 Display Control Department

[0325] 54 Processing Department

[0326] 55. Storage read / write unit (one example of a storage control unit)

[0327] 56 Generation Department

[0328] 5000 storage unit

[0329] 5001 Vibration Data Management DB (An Example of a Vibration Data Management Department)

[0330] 5002 Component Data Management DB (An Example of a Component Data Management Department)

[0331] 1000, 2100 display screen

[0332] 1100, 2100 designated screen

[0333] Search buttons 1200 and 2200 (indicator screen)

[0334] Display screen for 1300 and 2300 numbers (example of information display screen)

[0335] 1400 and 2400 waveform display screen (an example of an information display screen)

Claims

1. An information processing device, characterized in that, have A detection information acquisition unit is used to acquire a vibration detection signal, the detection signal including a vibration waveform; and The detection unit is used to detect, based on the detection information, the start time of the punch impacting the work-processed material and the fracture time at which the punch causes the work-processed material to fracture. as well as The judgment unit uses the time difference between the detected start time and the break time to determine whether the punch processing is normal. The detection unit detects the start time and the break time based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform representing the vibration. When the time difference between the detected start time and the breakage time exceeds the upper limit of the specified range, the judgment unit determines that the punch is worn.

2. The information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a storage control unit for storing at least one of the start time, the break time, and the time difference between the start time and the break time in the storage unit.

3. The information processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The storage control unit associates at least one of the start time, the break time, and the time difference between the start time and the break time with the signal identification information that identifies the detection signal, and stores it in the storage unit.

4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device includes a display control unit for displaying at least one of the following on the display unit: time information indicating the start time and the break time, time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time and the break time, and comparison information indicating a comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with reference information.

5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The display control unit associates at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information with the signal identification information that identifies the detection signal, and displays it on the display unit.

6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The display control unit associates at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information with the signal identification information specified on the designated screen for accepting the designated operation, and displays it on the display unit. The designated operation is the operation of specifying the signal identification information.

7. The information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 3, 5, and 6, characterized in that, The signal identification information includes time identification information used to identify the time of the shearing process.

8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a transmitting unit for transmitting at least one of the following to an external device: time information indicating the start time and the break time, time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time and the break time, and comparison information obtained by comparing the time difference with reference information.

9. An information processing system comprising an information processing device and a communication terminal capable of communicating with the information processing device, characterized in that, The information processing device includes A detection signal acquisition unit is used to acquire a vibration detection signal, the detection signal including a vibration waveform; The detection unit is used to detect, based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform representing vibration in the detection signal, the start time of the punch impacting the work-processed material and the fracture time of the punch causing the work-processed material to fracture. The judgment unit uses the time difference between the detected start time and the break time to determine whether the processing of the punch is normal. When the time difference between the detected start time and the break time exceeds the upper limit of a specified range, the judgment unit determines that the punch is worn. as well as The transmitting unit is configured to transmit at least one of the following: time information indicating the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece and the fracture time at which the punch causes the workpiece to fracture; time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time and the fracture time; and comparison information indicating a comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with reference information. The communication terminal includes A receiving unit is configured to receive at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information; and The display control unit is used to display at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information on the display unit.

10. An information processing system, comprising a server, an information processing device capable of communicating with the server, and a communication terminal, characterized in that, The information processing device includes A detection signal acquisition unit is used to acquire a vibration detection signal, the detection signal including a vibration waveform; The detection unit is used to detect, based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform representing vibration in the detection signal, the start time of the punch impacting the work-processed material and the fracture time of the punch causing the work-processed material to fracture. The judgment unit uses the time difference between the detected start time and the break time to determine whether the processing of the punch is normal. When the time difference between the detected start time and the break time exceeds the upper limit of a specified range, the judgment unit determines that the punch is worn. as well as The sending unit is configured to associate at least one of the following with time identification information used to identify the time of shearing processing: time information indicating the start time of the punch impacting the workpiece and the fracture time when the punch causes the workpiece to fracture; time difference information indicating the time difference between the start time and the fracture time; and comparison information indicating the comparison result obtained by comparing the time difference with reference information; and send this information to the server. The server has A receiving unit is configured to receive from the information processing device at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information corresponding to the time identification information; and The transmitting unit is configured to associate at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information with processed material identification information used to identify the processed material, and transmit the information to the communication terminal. The communication terminal has A receiving unit is configured to receive at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information corresponding to the identification information of the processed material; and The display control unit is used to associate at least one of the time information, the time difference information, and the comparison information with the processing material identification information and display it on the display unit.

11. An information processing method, characterized in that, implement The detection information acquisition step involves acquiring a vibration detection signal, wherein the detection signal includes a vibration waveform; and The detection step involves detecting the start time of the punch impacting the work-processed material and the fracture time at which the punch causes the work-processed material to fracture, based on the amplitude of the vibration waveform in the detection information. The judgment step uses the time difference between the detected start time and the breakage time to determine whether the processing of the punch is normal. When the time difference between the detected start time and the breakage time exceeds the upper limit of the specified range, it is determined that the punch is worn.

12. A computer-readable storage medium wherein a program is stored, characterized in that, The program can be used by a computer to execute the information processing method of claim 11.

13. A computer device comprising memory and a processor, characterized in that, The program is stored in the memory, and the program is executed by the processor, so that the computer performs the information processing method according to claim 11.

Citation Information

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