A jettisoned manned cabin emergency escape structure and operation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an emergency escape structure for abandoning a manned cabin and an operating method, comprising a manned cabin, a rigid support seat, a submersible frame, a tensioning cable, and a cutting mechanism. The manned cabin is a positive buoyancy cabin, and power and signal transmission between the manned cabin and the submersible is achieved only through a tensioning cable. The tensioning cable passes through the middle of the cutting mechanism and is connected to the submersible frame. When encountering a dangerous situation where the submersible cannot be freed, the personnel in the cabin can manually trigger the cutting mechanism to drive the cutting head to cut the tensioning cable. The manned cabin is then disconnected from all connections with the submersible and carries the passengers in the cabin back to the surface safely under the action of positive buoyancy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of escape equipment for manned submersibles, and in particular to an emergency escape structure for jettisoning a manned cabin and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A manned submersible is a diving tool designed by humans to explore and understand the ocean. Because it needs to carry people to dive, a manned submersible usually has multiple emergency mechanisms installed to ensure its safety. Most of these mechanisms adopt the method of reducing its own weight, increasing its volume or external rescue.

[0003] For example, the current deep-sea manned submersibles "Jiaolong", "Deep Sea Warrior" and "Struggler" are designed with multiple discard devices such as battery boxes, mercury, manipulators, sampling baskets, etc. in terms of emergency safety to ensure that the manned submersibles can return safely when encountering sudden danger underwater.

[0004] The abandonment device in the prior art has a complex structure and is difficult to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned existing production technology, the applicant has provided a discardable manned capsule emergency escape structure and operating method. This structure, designed to improve underwater emergency safety for manned submersibles, can be used as a self-rescue safety measure for manned submersibles. The manned capsule is a positively buoyant hull, meaning its buoyancy is always greater than its gravity after release from a specified depth. This positively buoyant capsule is connected to the submersible via a single cable. Once the cable is severed, the capsule, under the action of buoyancy, can safely return passengers to the surface.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A jettisonable manned cabin emergency escape structure includes a manned cabin and a submersible frame. The manned cabin comprises a pressure hull, a hatch cover is provided in the middle of the top surface of the pressure hull, and a penetration plate is provided in the middle of the bottom of the pressure hull. The penetration plate has adjacent connector openings and oil pipe openings.

[0008] The exterior of the manned cabin is connected to the submersible frame via a rigid support base;

[0009] A cutting mechanism is installed on the bottom surface of the penetration disk. The cutting head of the cutting mechanism passes through a tensioning cable. One end of the tensioning cable is connected to the penetration disk, and the other end of the tensioning cable is fixed to the submersible frame.

[0010] The tensioning cable realizes the power and signal transmission between the manned cabin and the submersible. The personnel inside the manned cabin trigger the cutting mechanism to drive the cutting head to cut the tensioning cable. The manned cabin is then disconnected from all connections with the submersible and carries the passengers in the cabin back to the surface safely under the action of positive buoyancy.

[0011] Its further technical solution is:

[0012] The manned cabin is a positive buoyancy cabin.

[0013] The pressure-resistant shell is a spherical structure and is made of metal or non-metal material.

[0014] The wall thickness of the pressure-resistant shell made of metal material is smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure-resistant shell made of non-metallic material.

[0015] The structure of the tensioning cable is as follows: it includes an anchoring connector, a prefabricated cable, a tensioning nut and a tensioning nut. The two ends of the prefabricated cable and the connection parts of the anchoring connector and the tensioning nut vertebra are manufactured as a whole. The tension of the prefabricated cable can overcome the positive buoyancy of the manned cabin. The prefabricated cable passes through the cutting head, the anchoring connector is sealed and connected to the connector opening, the tensioning nut is connected to the submersible frame, and is fixed with a tensioning nut.

[0016] The structure of the cutting mechanism is as follows: it includes a cutting cylinder fixed to the bottom of the penetration disk, a cutting head is installed at the output end of the cutting cylinder, a cutting hole is provided in the middle of the cutting head for passing the tensioning cable, a through pipeline of the cutting cylinder is connected in series with a one-way valve, a stop valve and a manual pump in sequence, and a pressure gauge is installed between the manual pump and the stop valve; the manual pump, pressure gauge and stop valve are located inside the manned cabin.

[0017] The pipeline of the one-way valve outlet passes through the oil pipe opening, and a joint is installed at the oil pipe opening.

[0018] The top surface of the rigid support seat is provided with a rubber pad, and the rubber pad is in contact with the outer surface of the manned cabin.

[0019] A method for jettisoning a manned cabin emergency escape structure includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: When a situation endangers the shallow water area or the safety of personnel, the operators in the manned cabin should first contact the surface command center, report the location of the submersible, and request the surface command center to clear the upper sea area and provide surface rescue support. After the surface command center issues an order, the operators in the manned cabin will initiate the emergency escape process of abandoning the manned cabin;

[0021] S2: Open the stop valve and operate the manual pump back and forth to pump oil outwards. During the operation, pay attention to the pressure gauge reading. The theoretical pressure of the pressure gauge should be the sum of the external water pressure, the opening pressure of the one-way valve and the working pressure of the cutting cylinder. During the operation, the pressure gauge reading should be less than or equal to the theoretical pressure of 1.5MPa.

[0022] S3: During operation, the hydraulic oil in the manual pump enters the pipeline, the pressure in the pipeline increases, and the pressure gauge reading gradually increases. When the pressure in the pipeline overcomes the opening pressure of the one-way valve, the hydraulic oil in the pipeline inside the cabin passes through the one-way valve and enters the cabin outside the cabin and is injected into the pipeline outside the cabin and the cutting cylinder. As the hydraulic oil is injected, the pressure in the cutting cylinder gradually increases. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the cutting head moves forward to cut the tensioning cable.

[0023] S4: After the tensioning cable is cut, the manned cabin is freed from the submersible frame and begins to float upward under the action of positive buoyancy. The stop valve is closed to prevent external seawater from leaking into the cabin.

[0024] S5: Start emergency power supply and oxygen supply, stay calm, and wait for surface rescue.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The present invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. Through the mutual cooperation between the manned cabin, rigid support seat, submersible frame, tensioning cable, cutting mechanism and other components, the manned cabin is a positive buoyancy cabin, and the power and signal transmission between the manned cabin and the submersible is only achieved through the tensioning cable. The tensioning cable passes through the middle of the cutting mechanism and is connected to the submersible frame. When encountering a dangerous situation where the submersible cannot be rescued, the personnel in the cabin can manually trigger the cutting mechanism to drive the cutting head to cut the tensioning cable. The manned cabin is then disconnected from all connections with the submersible and carries the passengers in the cabin back to the surface safely under the action of positive buoyancy.

[0027] The manned cabin described in the present invention is a positive buoyancy cabin with no obstruction on the top. The bottom is connected to the submersible frame through a tensioning cable. The tension of the tensioning cable can overcome the positive buoyancy of the manned cabin and hold the manned cabin firmly. The rigid support seat, tensioning cable and submersible frame form an integral structure, which can limit the freedom of the manned cabin in six directions and achieve the fixation of the manned cabin.

[0028] The cutting mechanism of the present invention adopts a mechanical triggering mode, and a manual pump drives the cutting head to cut the tensioning cable, which is stable and reliable.

[0029] The present invention has a simple principle and is easy to operate. Only by disconnecting the cable, the manned cabin can carry the passengers out of trouble under the action of buoyancy.

[0030] The present invention is safe and reliable. The personnel in the cabin operate a manual pump to cut the tensioning cable, thereby getting rid of the dependence on the electric control system of the submersible. The mechanical triggering method is very reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (Example 1).

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the manned cabin of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cable tensioning and cutting mechanism of the present invention (partially enlarged).

[0034] Figure 4 It is the principle diagram of the cutting mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention (Example 2).

[0036] Among them: 1. Manned cabin; 2. Rigid support base; 3. Submersible frame; 4. Tensioning cable; 5. Cutting mechanism;

[0037] 101, hatch cover; 102, pressure hull; 103, piercing plate; 10301, connector opening; 10302, oil pipe opening;

[0038] 201, rubber pad;

[0039] 401, anchor connector; 402, prefabricated cable; 403, tensioning screw sleeve; 404, tensioning nut;

[0040] 501, hand pump; 502, pressure gauge; 503, stop valve; 504, connector; 505, check valve; 506, pipeline; 507, cutting cylinder;

[0041] 50701, cutting head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the jettisonable manned cabin emergency escape structure of this embodiment includes a manned cabin 1 and a submersible frame 3. The manned cabin 1 comprises a pressure hull 102, a hatch cover 101 disposed in the middle of the top surface of the pressure hull 102, and a piercing plate 103 disposed in the middle of the bottom of the pressure hull 102. The piercing plate 103 has adjacent connector openings 10301 and oil pipe openings 10302.

[0044] The exterior of the manned cabin 1 is connected to the submersible frame 3 via a rigid support base 2;

[0045] A cutting mechanism 5 is mounted on the bottom surface of the penetration disc 103. The cutting head 50701 of the cutting mechanism 5 passes through the tensioning cable 4. One end of the tensioning cable 4 is connected to the penetration disc 103, and the other end of the tensioning cable 4 is fixed to the submersible frame 3.

[0046] The tensioning cable 4 realizes the power and signal transmission between the manned cabin 1 and the submersible. The personnel inside the manned cabin 1 trigger the cutting mechanism 5 to drive the cutting head 50701 to cut the tensioning cable 4. The manned cabin 1 is then disconnected from all connections with the submersible and carries the passengers in the cabin back to the surface safely under the action of positive buoyancy.

[0047] The manned cabin 1 is a positive buoyancy cabin.

[0048] The pressure-resistant shell 102 is a spherical structure, and the pressure-resistant shell 102 is made of metal material or non-metal material.

[0049] The wall thickness of the pressure-resistant casing 102 made of metal material is smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure-resistant casing 102 made of non-metal material.

[0050] The structure of the tensioning cable 4 is: it includes an anchoring connector 401, a prefabricated cable 402, a tensioning screw sleeve 403 and a tensioning nut 404. The two ends of the prefabricated cable 402 and the vertebral connection parts of the anchoring connector 401 and the tensioning screw sleeve 403 are manufactured as a whole. The tension of the prefabricated cable 402 can overcome the positive buoyancy of the manned cabin. The prefabricated cable 402 passes through the cutting head 50701, the anchoring connector 401 is sealed and connected to the connector opening 10301, the tensioning screw sleeve 403 is connected to the submersible frame 3, and is fixed with the tensioning nut 404.

[0051] The structure of the cutting mechanism 5 is as follows: it includes a cutting cylinder 507 fixed to the bottom of the piercing disc 103, a cutting head 50701 is installed at the output end of the cutting cylinder 507, a cutting hole for passing the tensioning cable 4 is provided in the middle of the cutting head 50701, a through pipe 506 of the cutting cylinder 507 is connected in series with a one-way valve 505, a stop valve 503 and a manual pump 501 in sequence, and a pressure gauge 502 is installed between the manual pump 501 and the stop valve 503; the manual pump 501, the pressure gauge 502 and the stop valve 503 are located inside the manned cabin 1.

[0052] The pipeline 506 at the outlet of the one-way valve 505 passes through the oil pipe opening 10302, and the connector 504 is installed at the oil pipe opening 10302.

[0053] A rubber pad 201 is provided on the top surface of the rigid support seat 2 , and the rubber pad 201 contacts the outer surface of the manned cabin 1 .

[0054] The method for abandoning the emergency escape structure of the manned cabin in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0055] S1: When a situation endangers the shallow water area or the safety of personnel, the operator in the manned cabin 1 should first contact the surface command center, report the location of the submersible and request the surface command center to clear the upper sea area and provide surface rescue support. After the surface command center issues an order, the operator in the manned cabin 1 will initiate the emergency escape process of abandoning the manned cabin 1;

[0056] S2: Open the stop valve 503 and reciprocate the manual pump 501 to pump oil outward. During the operation, pay attention to the reading of the pressure gauge 502. The theoretical pressure of the pressure gauge 502 should be the sum of the external water pressure, the opening pressure of the one-way valve 505 and the working pressure of the cutting cylinder 507. During the operation, the reading of the pressure gauge 502 is less than or equal to the theoretical pressure of 1.5 MPa.

[0057] S3: During operation, the hydraulic oil in the manual pump 501 enters the pipeline 506, the pressure in the pipeline 506 increases, and the reading on the pressure gauge 502 gradually increases. When the pressure in the pipeline 506 overcomes the opening pressure of the one-way valve 505, the hydraulic oil in the internal pipeline 506 enters the cabin through the one-way valve 505 and is injected into the external pipeline 506 and the cutting cylinder 507. As the hydraulic oil is injected, the pressure in the cutting cylinder 507 gradually increases. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the cutting head 50701 moves forward to cut the tensioning cable 4.

[0058] S4: After the tensioning cable 4 is cut, the manned cabin 1 is freed from the restraint of the submersible frame 3 and begins to float upward under the action of positive buoyancy, and the stop valve 503 is closed to prevent external seawater from leaking into the cabin;

[0059] S5: Start emergency power supply and oxygen supply, stay calm, and wait for surface rescue.

[0060] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the specific structure and function of the emergency escape structure of a discarded manned cabin of the present invention are as follows:

[0061] It mainly includes a manned cabin 1, a rigid support seat 2, a submersible frame 3, a tensioning cable 4, and a cutting mechanism 5.

[0062] Among them, the manned cabin 1 is a positive buoyancy cabin, and the power and signal transmission between the manned cabin and the submersible is only achieved through the tensioning cable 4. The tensioning cable 4 passes through the middle of the cutting mechanism 5 and is connected to the submersible frame 3. When encountering a dangerous situation where the submersible cannot be rescued, the personnel in the cabin can manually trigger the cutting mechanism 5 to drive the cutting head 50701 to cut the tensioning cable 4. The manned cabin 1 will then disconnect all connections with the submersible and carry the passengers in the cabin back to the surface safely under the action of positive buoyancy.

[0063] The manned cabin 1 is a positive buoyancy cabin. After being released from a specified depth, the buoyancy is always greater than the gravity. It is connected to the submersible frame 3 only by a tensioning cable 4. There is no obstruction directly above the manned cabin 1.

[0064] The specific structure of the manned cabin 1 is as follows: it includes a hatch cover 101, a pressure-resistant shell 102, and a piercing plate 103, wherein the pressure-resistant shell 102 can be made of metal or non-metallic materials, and the piercing plate 103 is pre-set with a connector opening 10301 and an oil pipe opening 10302.

[0065] The rigid support seat 2 is connected and fixed to the submersible frame 3. The rigid support seat 2 has sufficient strength to support the manned cabin 1. A rubber pad 201 is installed at the part that fits with the manned cabin 1. The rubber pad 201 can provide a certain degree of flexible buffering to protect the pressure-resistant shell 102 of the manned cabin 1.

[0066] The tensioning cable 4 comprises an anchor connector 401, a prefabricated cable 402, a tensioning nut 403, and a tensioning nut 404. The ends of the prefabricated cable 402, the connection points with the vertebral bodies of the anchor connector 401 and the tensioning nut 403 are manufactured as a single unit. The tensioning cable 4 passes through the center of the cutting head 50701. The anchor connector 401 is connected to the connector opening 10301 on the penetration disk 103. The tensioning nut 403 is connected to the submersible frame 3 via the tensioning nut 404. The tension in the prefabricated cable 402 is adjusted by turning the tensioning nut 404 to ensure contact between the rigid support base 2 and the manned cabin 1.

[0067] Cutting mechanism 5 consists of a hand pump 501, a pressure gauge 502, a shutoff valve 503, two connectors 504, a check valve 505, and a cutting cylinder 507, connected in sequence via a pipeline 506. Pressure gauge 502 monitors the pressure within pipeline 506. Shutoff valve 503 prevents backflow of seawater from leaking from pipeline 506. Check valve 505 ensures unidirectional flow of hydraulic oil. Cutting cylinder 507 is fixed to the bottom of penetration plate 103 and can be actuated by a crew member operating hand pump 501. A cutting head 50701 is mounted at the end of cutting cylinder 507 to cut prefabricated cable 402.

[0068] The basic function of the present invention is to realize emergency escape of the manned cabin 1. The rigid support seat 2, the tensioning cable 4 and the submersible frame 3 form an integral structure, which can limit the freedom of the manned cabin 1 in six directions and realize the fixation of the manned cabin 1.

[0069] The manned cabin 1 serves as a carrier for emergency escape personnel and can provide a living condition under atmospheric pressure for the personnel in the cabin during the ascent process.

[0070] The tensioning cable 4 has the functions of transmitting electricity and signals and tightening the manned cabin 1 , and the tensioning nut 404 has the function of adjusting the tension of the tensioning cable 4 .

[0071] The cutting mechanism 5 has the function of cutting the cable and is mechanically driven by a person operating a manual pump 501, which is safe and reliable.

[0072] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any modifications may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for emergency escape of a discarded manned cabin, comprising a manned cabin (1) and a submersible frame (3), characterized in that: The structure of the manned cabin (1) is as follows: it includes a pressure hull (102), a hatch cover (101) is provided at the middle position of the top surface of the pressure hull (102), a piercing plate (103) is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the pressure hull (102), and the piercing plate (103) is provided with adjacent connector openings (10301) and oil pipe openings (10302); The exterior of the manned cabin (1) is connected to the submersible frame (3) via a rigid support seat (2); A cutting mechanism (5) is installed on the bottom surface of the penetration disk (103), and a cutting head (50701) of the cutting mechanism (5) passes through a tensioning cable (4), one end of the tensioning cable (4) is connected to the penetration disk (103), and the other end of the tensioning cable (4) is fixed to the submersible frame (3); The tensioning cable (4) realizes the power and signal transmission between the manned cabin (1) and the submersible, and the personnel inside the manned cabin (1) trigger the cutting mechanism (5) to drive the cutting head (50701) to cut the tensioning cable (4), so that the manned cabin (1) is disconnected from all connections with the submersible and returns to the surface safely with the passengers inside the cabin under the action of positive buoyancy; The tensioning cable (4) has a structure comprising an anchoring connector (401), a prefabricated cable (402), a tensioning screw sleeve (403) and a tensioning nut (404); the two ends of the prefabricated cable (402) and the vertebral connection parts of the anchoring connector (401) and the tensioning screw sleeve (403) are manufactured as a whole; the tension of the prefabricated cable (402) can overcome the positive buoyancy of the manned cabin; the prefabricated cable (402) passes through the cutting head (50701); the anchoring connector (401) is sealed and connected to the connector opening (10301); the tensioning screw sleeve (403) is connected to the submersible frame (3) and fixed by the tensioning nut (404); The structure of the cutting mechanism (5) is as follows: it comprises a cutting oil cylinder (507) fixed to the bottom of the piercing plate (103); a cutting head (50701) is installed at the output end of the cutting oil cylinder (507); a cutting hole for passing the tensioning cable (4) is provided in the middle of the cutting head (50701); the cutting oil cylinder (507) is connected in series with a one-way valve (505), a stop valve (503) and a manual pump (501) in sequence through a pipeline (506); a pressure gauge (502) is installed between the manual pump (501) and the stop valve (503); the manual pump (501), the pressure gauge (502) and the stop valve (503) are located inside the manned cabin (1); The pipeline (506) of the one-way valve (505) outlet passes through the oil pipe opening (10302), and the joint (504) is installed at the oil pipe opening (10302).

2. The emergency escape structure for jettisoning a manned cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manned cabin (1) is a positive buoyancy cabin.

3. The emergency escape structure for jettisoning a manned cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure-resistant shell (102) is a spherical structure, and the pressure-resistant shell (102) is made of metal material or non-metal material.

4. The emergency escape structure for jettisoning a manned cabin as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the pressure-resistant shell (102) made of metal material is smaller than the wall thickness of the pressure-resistant shell (102) made of non-metal material.

5. The emergency escape structure for jettisoning a manned cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber pad (201) is provided on the top surface of the rigid support seat (2), and the rubber pad (201) is in contact with the outer surface of the manned cabin (1).

6. A method for operating the jettisonable manned cabin emergency escape structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: S1: When a situation endangering the safety of the submersible or personnel occurs, the operator in the manned cabin (1) should first contact the surface command center, report the location of the submersible and request the surface command center to clear the upper sea area and provide surface rescue support. After the surface command center issues an order, the operator in the manned cabin (1) initiates the emergency escape process of abandoning the manned cabin (1); S2: Open the stop valve (503), and reciprocate the manual pump (501) to pump oil outward. During the operation, pay attention to the reading of the pressure gauge (502). The theoretical pressure of the pressure gauge (502) should be the sum of the external water pressure, the opening pressure of the one-way valve (505) and the working pressure of the cutting cylinder (507). During the operation, the reading of the pressure gauge (502) is less than or equal to the theoretical pressure of 1.5 MPa. S3: During operation, the hydraulic oil in the manual pump (501) enters the pipeline (506), the pressure in the pipeline (506) increases, and the reading of the pressure gauge (502) gradually increases. When the pressure in the pipeline (506) overcomes the opening pressure of the one-way valve (505), the hydraulic oil in the pipeline (506) in the cabin passes through the one-way valve (505) and enters the outside of the cabin and is injected into the pipeline (506) outside the cabin and the cutting cylinder (507); as the hydraulic oil is injected, the pressure in the cutting cylinder (507) gradually increases, and under the action of the hydraulic oil, the cutting head (50701) moves forward to cut the tensioning cable (4); S4: After the tensioning cable (4) is cut, the manned cabin (1) is freed from the restraint of the submersible frame (3) and begins to float upward under the action of positive buoyancy, and the stop valve (503) is closed to prevent external seawater from leaking into the cabin; S5: Start emergency power supply and oxygen supply, stay calm, and wait for surface rescue.

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