Evaluation and response method of air conditioning load adjustability considering user comfort

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating and responding to the adjustable capacity of air-conditioning loads taking into account user comfort, including: obtaining an operating temperature range through user comfort constraints, and adjusting the temperature setting value and switch control within the operating temperature range to change the air-conditioning state, thereby obtaining more response power and a longer response time. Secondly, a method for responding to air-conditioning equipment based on user comfort is established: using PMV as a sorting index to sort air-conditioning equipment that can exert adjustable capacity, and using response power as a target to determine the specific air-conditioning equipment that participates in the response. The advantages of the present invention are: it can deeply explore the adjustable capacity of the air-conditioning load, and the response strategy can give full play to the adjustable capacity of the air-conditioning load to achieve a better response effect, while also ensuring user comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system dispatching, and in particular to an air-conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation and response method taking user comfort into consideration. Background Art

[0002] The proportion of renewable energy in the power generation side of the current power system is constantly increasing. The randomness and uncertainty of renewable energy output seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid, and the power system is facing more complex and changeable situations. [1] Specifically, the power system flexibility is reduced, and the ability to ensure supply and demand balance is weakened. [2] As the adjustable resources on the power generation side are decreasing, the exploration of massive adjustable load resources on the load side has gradually gained the attention of technicians and researchers. [3] .

[0003] Air conditioning load is a type of thermostatically controlled load (TCL). The environment in which it is located has a certain heat storage capacity. The air conditioner can convert electrical energy into heat energy and store it in the room for a short time. This energy conversion and storage feature makes the air conditioning load a flexible load resource. By properly controlling the on / off state and temperature setting value of the air conditioning load, it can be used to control the temperature of the room without affecting or minimizing the user's comfort. [4] , realizing load reduction or increase at a lower cost, and utilizing it to smooth load fluctuations and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand, with obvious economic and social benefits [5] .

[0004] At present, many scholars and engineers at home and abroad have conducted extensive research on the evaluation of air conditioning load adjustability. [6] In order to guide the temperature control load to participate in the grid regulation and operation, an approximate aggregation model of the temperature control load was established, and a method for evaluating the aggregation response potential of the temperature control load taking into account the response uncertainty was proposed; [7] A method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of electric heating load based on temperature forecast is proposed. However, the adjustable capacity is defined as the power size, without considering that the adjustable capacity is also related to the length of time. [8] Taking into account factors such as periodic temperature changes, users' willingness to participate in demand-side management, and compliance with grid dispatch requirements, a comprehensive air conditioning optimization model is established. From the three aspects of peak shaving, load management, and power saving potential, a load dispatch potential evaluation method suitable for the model is derived, which is a novel idea. [9]A cluster responsiveness aggregation algorithm based on state grouping was proposed. The responsiveness of an air conditioning cluster under on / off control was determined, and the impact of the cluster's overall temperature adjustment on responsiveness was studied. However, this temperature adjustment method significantly impacted user comfort. A key consideration in this study was how to achieve greater responsiveness while maintaining user comfort.

[0005] In order to make full use of adjustable resources, various response strategies have emerged. [10-12] In the early 21st century, a state queueing (SQ) model for air conditioning load was proposed. Based on the SQ model, a priority sequence response model and a temperature control response model were proposed. The SQ idea was cited by many subsequent articles and made outstanding contributions.

[13] By defining two indicators, temperature extension margin (TEM) and normalized temperature extension margin (NTEM), and using TEM and NTEM as controllable equipment sorting indicators and temperature regulation metrics respectively, a temperature-controlled load demand response control method is established and applied to wind power consumption, with significant engineering application value. Reference

[14] proposes a flexible load consumption allocation strategy that takes into account the differentiated PMV of users in multiple regions. Based on the power state queue, a joint control strategy is carried out for single-power level and multi-power level load groups, dynamically adjusting the load power to achieve precise consumption of new energy.

[0006] Based on the existing technologies, user comfort is rarely integrated into the adjustable capacity evaluation and scheduling strategy research, resulting in either limited adjustable capacity or a significant sacrifice of user comfort in order to achieve the required adjustment amount. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an air conditioning load adjustability assessment and response method. The method incorporates the duration index into the adjustability and considers the impact of user comfort in the adjustability assessment and response strategy research.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning loads comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1: Establish a single air conditioning model, calculate the changes in air temperature and solid temperature in the building, calculate the relationship between the operating power and temperature of the single air conditioning during operation, and calculate the relationship between the upper and lower limits of the operating temperature and the set temperature;

[0011] S2: Establish air conditioning load group model;

[0012] Individual air conditioners are aggregated to form an air conditioning load group. A variable set for each air conditioner within the load group is defined to represent the load group model. The power consumption of the group is calculated, and the temperature setpoint, deadband, and upper and lower temperature limits for the group are set. By adjusting the temperature setpoint or switching individual air conditioners in the load group, the power of each unit is altered, thereby affecting the overall power of the load group. This allows for responsiveness to dispatch commands and leverages the group's adjustability.

[0013] S3: Establish user thermal comfort model;

[0014] The PMV index is used to quantify the impact of temperature on user comfort, and the PMV value is specified to be between [-1, +1];

[0015] S4: Determine the optimal comfort temperature for each user based on the user thermal comfort model, set it as the temperature setting value of the air conditioner, and calculate the temperature range corresponding to the PMV value in the interval [-1,1], which is considered as the maximum temperature range [T min,i ,T max,i ];

[0016] S5: Calculate the remaining time t of all air conditioners in the "on" state at time t on,i (t) or "off" remaining time length t off,i (t), and with adjustable duration t control For comparison, the air conditioning load group is divided into two groups: one is the air conditioning equipment that meets the duration requirement, and the rest is the air conditioning equipment that does not meet the duration requirement. The ones that do not meet the duration requirement enter S6;

[0017] S6: According to the adjustable time t control Calculate the indoor temperature T2(i) after the air-conditioning equipment that does not meet the time requirement is turned off or on for a certain period of time when it meets the time requirement, and compare T2(i) with [T min,i ,T max,i ] for comparison. If the maximum adjustable temperature range is not exceeded, the air conditioner temperature setting value is adjusted to the temperature setting value corresponding to T2(i); if the maximum adjustable temperature range is exceeded, the air conditioner does not have the power adjustment capability to meet the corresponding time requirement;

[0018] S7: The air-conditioning devices that meet the time requirement and the temperature range requirement after temperature adjustment are grouped into statuses, with those in the "on" state grouped into group I and those in the "off" state grouped into group IV.

[0019] Aggregate the power of air-conditioning equipment in the new state groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ to obtain the maximum power reduction of the air-conditioning load group P cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ). The devices in group I are in the power-on state. If they are switched to "off" state, the shutdown time they can maintain is longer than t control , Group IV is in shutdown state. If its state is changed to “on”, the remaining power-on time is greater than t control .

[0020] Furthermore, S1 is specifically: the changes in the air temperature and solid temperature in the building are obtained by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] Where: T in (t), T m (t), T o (t) represents the indoor air, indoor solid and outdoor air temperatures at time t, respectively, in °C; C a and C m are the equivalent heat capacities of indoor air and indoor solid, J / ℃; R a and R m are the equivalent thermal resistances of indoor air and indoor solid, respectively, in W / °C; Q(t) is the operating power of the air conditioner. When the air conditioner is running, its power is the rated power. Under the cooling model, the relationship between its operating power and temperature is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where: η is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; P is the rated power of the air conditioner. [T down ,T up ] represents the range of indoor temperature change when the air conditioner is running stably, T down and T up Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the operating temperature, which are related to the set temperature T set The relationship between them is shown as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Where δ represents the temperature control dead zone of the air conditioner.

[0028] Furthermore, S2 is specifically:

[0029] Open device group to O t , close the device group as C t, the specific form is shown as follows:

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, n1 represents the number of devices in the on state, n2 represents the number of devices in the off state, and the relationship between the number of devices and the total number of devices in the load group N is N = n1 + n2. As the operating state of the individual air conditioners in the equipment group changes, O t and C t The number of devices in the will also change.

[0033] The power consumption of a device group is the sum of the power consumption of all devices in the device group that are turned on, expressed as:

[0034]

[0035] Where: P i t is the power consumption value of the i-th device in the group when it is turned on at time t.

[0036] Temperature setting value of the load group at time t Temperature dead zone δ t Expressed as:

[0037]

[0038] δ t ={δ 1,t ,δ 2,t ,δ 3,t ,···,δ N,t}

[0039] Where: and δ i,t They represent the temperature setting value and temperature dead zone of the i-th device at time t respectively.

[0040] The upper and lower temperature limits of the equipment group are based on and δ t Pass-through Find out.

[0041] Furthermore, the PMV value in S3 is calculated by the following formula:

[0042] I PMV =(0.303e -0.036M +0.028){M-η-

[0043] 3.05×10 -3 ×[5733-6.99(M-η)-P a ]-

[0044] 0.42[(M-η)-58.15]-1.7×10 -5 M(5867-P a )-

[0045] 0.0014M(34-T in )-3.96×

[0046] 10 -8 f cl [(T cl +273) 4 -(T r +273) 4 ]-f cl h c (T cl -T in )}

[0047] Where: M is the human metabolic rate, W / m 2 ;η is the human body work efficiency, W / m 2 ;P a is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body, Pa; f cl is the human clothing coefficient; T cl is the surface temperature of the clothing, ℃; T r is the mean radiation temperature, °C; h c is the surface heat transfer coefficient, W / (m 2 ·K).

[0048] Assume that the air conditioning temperature setting value T is set by the user set It is equal to the user's optimal comfort temperature T com When PMV is 0, the human body feels most comfortable, and the temperature at this time is the optimal comfort temperature T com .

[0049] Define the average comfort index f AC , as shown below:

[0050]

[0051] Where: N is the length of time experienced; I PMV,i is the comfort value at the i-th moment.

[0052] Furthermore, in S6, the time length t control Calculate T2(i) corresponding to the air-conditioning equipment that does not meet the duration requirement when it can meet the duration requirement. The specific formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Where:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, T1 and T2 are the upper and lower limits of room temperature, t on (T1, T2) and t off (T1, T2) is the time it takes for the room temperature to change from T1 to T2 when the air conditioner is turned on and off; C a and C m are the equivalent heat capacities of indoor air and indoor solid, J / ℃; R a and R m are the equivalent thermal resistance of indoor air and indoor solid respectively, W / ℃; t control The required startup / shutdown time.

[0059] Furthermore, the corresponding maximum power reduction P in S7 cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ) is represented by the following formula.

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Where P is the rated power of the air conditioner; t on,i (t) and t off,i (t) The remaining time for each air conditioning device to remain in the "on" or "off" state.

[0063] Furthermore, in S7, for air-conditioning equipment with power regulation capability, the following formula needs to be satisfied:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, T min,i and T max,i is the minimum and maximum temperature of each air conditioner in the PMV value range of [-1,1]; i (T(t), T2(i)) is the running time required from temperature T(t) to T2(i).

[0066] The present invention also discloses an air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account, comprising the following steps:

[0067] 1) First determine the maximum temperature range that each air conditioner can adjust [T min,i ,Tmax,i ], the specific calculation process is the same as that in the adjustable capacity assessment;

[0068] 2) Calculate the time t that all air conditioners in the on state remain in the on state control The corresponding temperature T2(i) is T2(i), and T2(i) is [T min,i ,T max,i ] to compare and find the air-conditioning equipment that meets the time requirement and temperature range requirement. The corresponding temperature setting value T that needs to be adjusted is calculated by T2(i). s ' et (i) Reset the air conditioner temperature to T s ' et (i).

[0069] Where T2(i) and T s ' et The calculation formula for (i) is:

[0070]

[0071] 3) Calculate the average comfort index f for air-conditioning equipment that meets the requirements AC , and f AC Sort the air conditioners for the sorting index to form a comfort sequence from low to high {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)};

[0072] 4) Power index P control As the goal, from the comfort sequence {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)} select the corresponding air conditioning equipment in turn until the total power meets P control , the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0073]

[0074] Determine the air conditioning equipment participating in the response and its corresponding temperature setting value T s ' et .

[0075] Furthermore, the average comfort index is calculated in step 3) as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where: N is the length of time experienced; I PMV,iis the comfort value at the i-th moment.

[0078] The present invention also discloses an air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation and response system, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method and response method, specifically including: an adjustment evaluation module, an adjustment response module;

[0079] The evaluation module is used to calculate the maximum downward power and maximum upward power of the air-conditioning load group so that the adjustment response module can perform the adjustment;

[0080] The adjustment response module selects the corresponding air-conditioning equipment in turn according to the calculation results of the evaluation module, and controls the power and operating time of the air-conditioning equipment until the total power meets the power index.

[0081] The present invention also discloses

[0082] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0083] In the adjustability assessment, response time and response power are used as indicators. Within a reasonable comfortable temperature range, the temperature setpoints are adjusted to extend the temperature setpoints of individual air conditioners. This increases the number of air conditioners that meet the required duration and achieves greater adjustable power. In the response strategy, comfort is used as a ranking metric to sort eligible air conditioners. With response power as the target, air conditioners are selected from low to high based on comfort level. This results in better control. This approach can fully exploit the adjustability of air conditioner loads, fully utilizing this capacity to achieve optimal response while also ensuring user comfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0084] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the response process of the air conditioner in different control modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of grouping the power-on / power-off duration of air-conditioning equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of grouping the power-on / power-off duration of air-conditioning equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 5 This is an aggregated power diagram of an air conditioning load group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 6 This is an evaluation diagram of adjustable capability under different response times according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 7 This is a diagram evaluating the adjustable capability of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention under different response times;

[0091] Figure 8 This is a graph of aggregate power after two power reductions occur in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 9 1 is a diagram showing the response effects of two power reductions according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) power reduction 1, (b) power reduction 2;

[0093] Figure 10 This is a diagram of user comfort results according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0095] 1. Evaluation of air conditioning load adjustable capacity

[0096] 1.1 Single air conditioning model

[0097] The most common model for a single air conditioner is the thermodynamic equivalent model

[15] (equivalent thermal parameters, ETP), including the second-order ETP model that takes into account the changes in indoor air temperature and solid temperature

[16] The calculation is relatively simple and has high accuracy, so it is widely used. The changes in air temperature and solid temperature in a building can be described by two ordinary differential equations: Equation (1) and Equation (2).

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where: T in (t), T m (t), T o (t) represents the indoor air, indoor solid and outdoor air temperatures at time t, respectively, in °C; C a and C m are the equivalent heat capacities of indoor air and indoor solid, J / ℃; R a and R m are the equivalent thermal resistances of indoor air and indoor solids, respectively, in W / °C; Q(t) is the operating power of the air conditioner. When the air conditioner is running, its power is the rated power. Under the cooling model, the relationship between its operating power and temperature is as follows:

[0101]

[0102] Where: η is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; P is the rated power of the air conditioner. [T down ,T up ] represents the range of indoor temperature change when the air conditioner is running stably, T down and T up Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the operating temperature, which are related to the set temperature T set The relationship between is shown in formula (4):

[0103]

[0104] Where δ represents the temperature control dead zone of the air conditioner.

[0105] 1.2 Air conditioning load group model

[0106] The air conditioning load group (hereinafter referred to as the load group) contains a large number of devices and has complex and changeable internal processes. Therefore, its changing process cannot be accurately described as in formula (1). This invention indirectly characterizes the load group model by defining a variable set of air conditioners within the load group.

[0107] At time t, the load group can be divided into two equipment groups according to the switch status. One is the open equipment group O t , first, close device group C t , the specific form is shown as follows:

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, n1 represents the number of devices in the on state, n2 represents the number of devices in the off state, and their relationship with the total number of devices in the load group N is N=n1+n2. It is not difficult to see that as the operating state of the individual air conditioners in the equipment group changes, O t and C t The number of devices in the will also change.

[0111] The power consumption of a device group is the sum of the power consumption of all devices in the device group that are turned on, expressed as:

[0112]

[0113] Where: P i t is the power consumption value of the i-th device in the group when it is turned on at time t.

[0114] Similarly, the temperature setting value of the load group at time t Temperature dead zone δ t It can be expressed as:

[0115]

[0116] δ t ={δ 1,t ,δ 2,t ,δ 3,t ,···,δ N,t} (9)

[0117] Where: and δ i,t They represent the temperature setting value and temperature dead zone of the i-th device at time t respectively.

[0118] The upper and lower temperature limits of the equipment group can be based on and δ t It is obtained by formula (4).

[0119] The above model shows that the next on / off state of a single air conditioner depends on its current on / off state, the indoor temperature, the air conditioner's setpoint, and the temperature dead zone. Based on these characteristics, individual air conditioners are aggregated to form an air conditioning load group. Adjusting the temperature setpoint or switching each individual air conditioner in the load group changes the power of each individual air conditioner, thereby affecting the overall power of the load group, thereby enabling responsiveness to dispatch commands and leveraging its scalability. Therefore, to truly transform air conditioning loads into scalable resources, evaluating the scalability of air conditioning load groups and studying corresponding response strategies are essential.

[0120] 1.3 Mechanism of the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load

[0121] Air conditioning operation modes are divided into heating mode and cooling mode. This section analyzes the mechanism by which the air conditioning load can be adjusted in cooling mode (the principle of the heating model is the same). Figure 1 is the operating temperature curve of an air conditioner in cooling mode. In area A, the air conditioner is not controlled by any control and the indoor temperature is maintained at [T down ,T up ] changes periodically; at time t1, the air conditioner participates in the response, and is changed from the off state to the on state through switch control, and the air conditioner transitions from area A to area B. When the temperature drops to the original lower temperature limit, the air conditioner is shut down again; at time t2, that is, when the air conditioner temperature drops to the current lower temperature limit, the temperature setting value is changed, and the air conditioner operating temperature range transitions from area B to area C. The air conditioner that was about to be shut down continues to run until the temperature drops to the new lower temperature limit. The air conditioner is shut down; at time t3, the temperature setting value and the switch state of the air conditioner are changed at the same time, so that its operating state changes, the operating temperature range transitions from area C to area D, and the air conditioner is shut down again when the temperature drops to the new lower temperature limit.

[0122] The above describes three control methods that can change the operating state of an air conditioner. The following further explains the mechanism by which the air conditioner exerts its adjustable capacity under these three control methods. It should be noted that when the power grid dispatching center issues a dispatch instruction, it often includes two requirements: duration and power. According to formula (1), the time it takes for the room temperature to change from T1 to T2 when the air conditioner is turned on and off is:

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Where:

[0126]

[0127] (1) Switch control

[0128] At time t1, the air conditioner should remain in the "off" state until the temperature reaches the set upper limit. When the air conditioner state is changed by the switch control method, the air conditioner generates power consumption, and the duration of this power consumption is t on (T(t1),T down ). The load group changes as follows:

[0129]

[0130] n1→n1+1 (14)

[0131] n2→n2-1 (15)

[0132] That is, the power consumption of the load group increases P i t , O t The number of devices in the group increases by 1, C t The number of devices in the group is reduced by 1. It can be found that switch control can change the power consumption of the load group.

[0133] (2) Temperature control

[0134] At time t2, the temperature setting value is lowered (and the corresponding upper and lower limits of the operating temperature are changed at the same time). When the temperature reaches the lower limit of the temperature in area B, the air conditioner state will change from "on" to "off". However, by lowering the lower limit of the temperature through temperature control, the air conditioner will continue to remain in the "on" state for a period of t on (T down ,T′ down ) until the temperature reaches the new lower limit T' down .

[0135] Furthermore, if the newly set lower temperature limit is exactly equal to the current operating temperature, the air conditioner will immediately change state from "on" to "off" and operate within the newly set temperature range. This method can achieve the same control effect as on-off control. It can be seen that temperature control not only changes the length of time the air conditioner remains in operation, but also instantly changes the on / off state of the air conditioner.

[0136] (3) Hybrid control

[0137] At time t3, switch control and temperature control are applied simultaneously, so that it changes from "off" to "on" and operates within the new temperature range. The startup time is t on (T(t3),T″ down ). The load group changes as follows:

[0138]

[0139] n1→n1+1 (17)

[0140] n2→n2-1 (18)

[0141] This method can bring into play the control effect of the previous two control methods, and compared with the switch control, it can obtain a longer state change time. on (T(t1),T down ) and t on (T(t3),T″ down ), since the mixing control can adjust the temperature, T″ down Smaller, T(t3) and T″ down The difference is even greater, and the corresponding shutdown time t is calculated by formula (10): on (T(t3),T″ down ) is longer. This shows that hybrid control can change the state duration while changing the operating state.

[0142] 1.4 User Thermal Comfort Model

[0143] Users' perception of ambient temperature changes is fuzzy; that is, they don't notice a noticeable difference within a certain temperature range. Therefore, their temperature requirements are defined as a range, and the air conditioning temperature can vary within this range based on this characteristic. User thermal comfort requirements are typically characterized by thermal comfort, a subjective evaluation and perception of the thermal environment. This paper uses the PMV metric to quantify the impact of temperature on user comfort.

[0144] The PMV comfort index is a comprehensive index that includes multiple parameters that affect human comfort, such as indoor temperature, human clothing, human activity status, humidity, etc.

[17] The PMV value is quantified between [-3, 3] and is used to indicate the thermal sensation of the human body in 7 levels. PMV values of -3, -2, and -1 represent cold, cool, and slightly cool, respectively; PMV values of 3, 2, and 1 represent hot, warm, and slightly warm, respectively. When PMV is 0, the human body feels the most comfortable, and the corresponding optimal temperature is T com The PMV value can be calculated by the following formula:

[18] :

[0145]

[0146] Where: M is the human metabolic rate, W / m 2 ;η is the human body work efficiency, W / m 2 ;P a is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body, Pa; f cl is the human clothing coefficient; T cl is the surface temperature of the clothing, ℃; T r is the mean radiation temperature, °C; h c is the surface heat transfer coefficient, W / (m 2 ·K). This invention focuses on the influence of indoor temperature on comfort, so it is assumed that in addition to the air temperature T in Except for , all other parameters are given values.

[0147] China's current "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Code" stipulates that the PMV value should be between [-1, +1]

[18] , the corresponding indoor temperature operating range [T min (i),T max (i)], and it can be found that due to the differences between human body parameters and environmental variables, different users’ T com Not exactly the same.

[0148] The present invention assumes that the air conditioning temperature setting value T set by the user set It is equal to the user's optimal comfort temperature T com , so as to avoid T set and T com The calculated PMV value is different from the actual comfort feeling of the user due to different values. And because the present invention involves temperature regulation, but the temperature change caused by temperature regulation is a period of time, it becomes a difficult problem to choose a method to calculate the PMV value within a temperature range. Most of the previous studies substituted the final value of the temperature change into formula (19) to calculate the PMV at the last moment, which did not take into account the full range and made it difficult to fully reflect the user's comfort feeling. In order to fairly and intuitively represent the user's comfort within a temperature range, the average comfort index f is defined. AC , as shown in formula (20):

[0149]

[0150] Where: N is the length of time experienced; I PMV,i is the comfort value at the i-th moment.

[0151] The average comfort actually represents the average value of the difference between the comfort at all times and the optimal comfort (the optimal comfort is 0). AC Serves as a ranking indicator for air conditioning equipment in subsequent response strategies.

[0152] 1.5 Evaluation of air conditioning load adjustability considering user comfort

[0153] 1.5.1 Definition and Characterization Indicators of Adjustability

[0154] Adjustability refers to the ability of load demand to increase or decrease under certain conditions. The adjustable capacity of air conditioning load studied in this paper refers to the reasonable control of air conditioning load within a certain temperature range so that the air conditioning load group maintains power changes for a certain period of time. The corresponding two indicators are adjustable time t control and adjustable power P control , the duration requirement in the dispatching demand issued by the dispatching center is equivalent to t control , the power demand is P control .

[0155] 1.5.2 Evaluation of the Adjustable Capacity of Air Conditioning Load Groups

[0156] This section first explains the adjustable capacity evaluation algorithm in previous studies, and then proposes an improved evaluation algorithm.

[0157] In previous studies, the calculation of the adjustable capacity of the air-conditioning load group at time t required obtaining the on / off status of each air-conditioning device and calculating the remaining time length t to maintain the "on" or "off" state using equations (10) and (11). on,i (t) and t off,i (t). In the "on" state, the air conditioning equipment has the ability to reduce the load, and in the "off" state, the air conditioning equipment has the ability to increase the load. control and t on,i (t) or t off,i (t), for the air-conditioning equipment that meets the time requirement, their power is aggregated to obtain the maximum adjustable power of the air-conditioning load group at time t. The corresponding maximum down-regulated power P cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ) is expressed by equations (21) and (22).

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] According to the above analysis, at time t, the air conditioning load group can be divided into four groups according to the state and duration, such as Figure 2 As shown: ① The devices in group I are in the on state. At this time, if the device is switched to “off” and the shutdown time is longer than t control , the maximum power reduction that can be provided is the sum of the rated power of all devices in the group; ② The devices in group II are in the on state, but do not meet the duration requirement and have no power adjustment capability; ③ The devices in group III are in the off state, cannot meet the duration requirement and have no power adjustment capability; ④ Group IV is in the off state, and the remaining on time after turning its state to "on" is greater than t control The maximum power increase that can be provided is the sum of the rated power of all equipment in the group. Therefore, it can be concluded that only the air conditioning equipment in Groups I and IV can play a power regulation role.

[0161] This evaluation algorithm can quickly calculate the maximum adjustable capacity of the air conditioning load group, but it ignores the impact of temperature regulation on duration. By changing the upper and lower temperature limits through temperature regulation, that is, T2 in equations (10) and (11), the on / off duration of the air conditioner is changed, so that the air conditioners in groups II and III that originally did not meet the duration requirements are changed to groups I and IV, thereby exerting their power regulation function.

[0162] Based on the above analysis, the adjustable capability evaluation method proposed by the present invention is described in detail below.

[0163] 1) Determine the optimal comfort temperature for each user based on the user comfort model, set it as the temperature setting value of the air conditioner, and calculate the corresponding temperature range of the PMV value in the interval [-1,1], which is considered as the maximum temperature range [T min,i ,T max,i ];

[0164] 2) Calculate the t of all air-conditioning equipment at time t on,i (t) and t off,i (t), and the duration requirement t control For comparison, the air conditioning load group is divided into two groups: one is the air conditioning equipment that meets the duration requirement, and the rest is the air conditioning equipment that does not meet the duration requirement. The ones that do not meet the duration requirement proceed to step (3);

[0165] 3) Set the duration t control Substitute T2(i) corresponding to the air-conditioning equipment that does not meet the time requirement into equation (10) and equation (11) when it can meet the time requirement, and then divide T2(i) by [Tmin,i ,T max,i ] for comparison. If the maximum adjustable temperature range is not exceeded, the air conditioner temperature setting value is adjusted to the temperature setting value corresponding to T2(i); if the maximum adjustable temperature range is exceeded, the air conditioner does not have the power adjustment capability to meet the corresponding time requirement;

[0166] 4) The air-conditioning equipment that meets the time requirement and the temperature range requirement after temperature adjustment is grouped into statuses, and the "on" status is divided into group I, and the "off" status is divided into group IV. The power of the air-conditioning equipment in the new status groups I and IV is aggregated according to formula (21) and formula (22), and the maximum down-regulation power P of the air-conditioning load group that the present invention intends to calculate is obtained. cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ). From this we can see that for air conditioning equipment with power regulation capabilities, the following conditions must be met:

[0167]

[0168] The schematic diagram of the re-divided air conditioning equipment on / off grouping is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0169] contrast Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be found that the time that some devices in the original group II and III remain in the on / off state has been extended after temperature adjustment, and the time that they remain in the on / off state in group I and IV is t control This increases the number of air-conditioning equipment in Groups I and IV, and the aggregate power becomes larger, so the same duration t control The maximum load group power reduction P required cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ) also becomes larger.

[0170] 2. Air conditioning load response strategy considering user comfort

[0171] The previous section evaluated the adjustable capacity of air conditioning loads, resolving the difficulty faced by the dispatch center in understanding the adjustable capacity of the air conditioning load group. This section builds on this foundation by proposing an air conditioning load response strategy that takes user comfort into account.

[0172] 2.1 Response strategy based on PMV ranking

[0173] In addition to meeting duration and power requirements, the air conditioning load response to the dispatch center requires an efficient and reasonable response strategy. Implementation of this response strategy includes selecting participating air conditioning equipment, calculating air conditioning temperature setpoints, and maximizing user comfort. To address these issues, the present invention proposes an air conditioning load response strategy that takes user comfort into account. For the sake of generality, using power reduction as an example (the principles for power increase remain the same), the specific steps are as follows:

[0174] 5) First determine the maximum temperature range that each air conditioner can adjust [T min,i ,T max,i ], the specific calculation process is the same as that in the adjustable capacity assessment;

[0175] 6) Calculate the time t that all air conditioners in the on state remain in the on state. control The corresponding temperature T2(i) is T2(i), and T2(i) is [T min,i ,T max,i ] to compare and find the air-conditioning equipment that meets the time requirement and temperature range requirement. And calculate the corresponding temperature setting value T' that needs to be adjusted by T2(i). set (i) Reset the air conditioner temperature to T' set (i). Where T2(i) and T′ set The calculation formula for (i) is:

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] 7) Calculate f according to formula (20) for air-conditioning equipment that meets the requirements AC , and f AC Sort the air conditioners for the sorting index to form a comfort sequence from low to high {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)};

[0179] 8) Power index P control As the goal, from the comfort sequence {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)} select the corresponding air conditioning equipment in turn until the total power meets P control , the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0180]

[0181] So far, the air conditioning equipment participating in the response and its corresponding temperature setting value T' have been determined set The comfort index of the air-conditioning equipment participating in the response is also the best after the temperature adjustment operation.

[0182] 2.2 Response Strategy Diagram

[0183] The response strategy flow chart based on PMV ranking is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0184] 3. Example Analysis

[0185] 3.1 Case Study

[0186] Assume that there are 3,000 air conditioners in a certain area (residential complex or office building) willing to participate in scheduling. The specific parameters and simulation configuration of the air conditioner equipment are shown in Table 1. The relevant parameters of the PMV calculation formula can be found in Reference

[17] . Since air conditioners can increase or decrease power in different operating modes, the calculation example only uses the power reduction scenario in cooling mode as an example. The principles of other application scenarios are the same.

[0187] Table 1 Air conditioning parameters

[0188]

[0189] 3.2 Comparative analysis of different solutions

[0190] To verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed adjustable capability assessment and response method, two comparative schemes are introduced. This section first explains the adjustable capability assessment and response strategy principles of each scheme, and then compares the differences between the schemes.

[0191] Solution 1: Response strategy based on status duration.

[0192] The solution first groups the devices based on their switch status, and then control Select the air-conditioning equipment that can participate in the response; keep the on / off state for a time longer than t control The power of air conditioners is aggregated to obtain the aggregated downward power and aggregated upward power [9] ; Among the air-conditioning equipment that meets the duration requirements, select the equipment from shortest to longest based on the duration of maintaining the on / off state.

[0193] Option 2: Response strategy based on absolute temperature ranking

[0194] This solution is the same as the method proposed in the present invention in terms of the adjustable capacity evaluation part; however, in the response stage, the equipment that meets the duration requirement is sorted according to the absolute temperature, and the air-conditioning equipment is selected from the lowest temperature to the highest temperature until the power and response power requirements are met;

[0195] Option 3: Response strategy based on PMV ranking.

[0196] This scheme is the control strategy adopted by the present invention. The principle is as described in Sections 1.5 and 2.1 above. The main differences from Schemes 1 and 2 are:

[0197] 1) When evaluating the adjustable capacity, the first solution did not take into account the fact that the state can be changed by temperature adjustment, resulting in an inaccurate assessment of the adjustable capacity of the air-conditioning load group and limiting its performance. The first solution selects equipment based on the on / off time. In this way, the state of the air-conditioning equipment participating in the response must remain longer than t control , resulting in air conditioning equipment still responding outside the specified response time, resulting in poor response effect. The third solution is to set the state operation time of all air conditioning equipment participating in the response to t control , ensuring that the time is consistent with the required duration.

[0198] 2) Option 2, which selects devices based on absolute temperature, ignores user comfort. The resulting temperature variations of some devices may significantly impact user comfort. Option 3, which selects devices based on the user's PMV ranking, minimizes the impact on user comfort.

[0199] 3.3 Simulation results and analysis of air conditioning load adjustability evaluation

[0200] The aggregate power of the air conditioning load group is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0201] The evaluation results of the adjustable capacity of the air conditioning load group under different response times by the scheme 1 and the method of the present invention are as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it can be found that as the response time increases, the adjustable power decreases, which is consistent with the actual situation. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The evaluation method of the present invention can obtain more adjustable power, especially when the response time is long. While the adjustable power obtained in Scheme 1 is almost zero, the method of the present invention can still obtain a relatively considerable adjustable power. This is because, within the range permitted by user comfort, the present invention extends the shutdown and startup time of some air conditioners in Groups II / III by adjusting the temperature setpoint, moving them into Groups I / IV. This increases the number of air conditioners in Groups I / IV and increases the adjustable power.

[0202] 3.4 Response strategy simulation results and analysis

[0203] In order to compare the response effects of the three strategies, two power reduction operations were implemented during the simulation process, at 12:10 and 15:45 respectively; the response time was 5 minutes; the response power was 1.5MW and 3MW respectively. The aggregate power curve of the air conditioning load group after the response is as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the response effect of the two power reductions is as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0204] During the first downward adjustment, the adjustable capacity assessment results for all three schemes met the power requirements, achieving a relatively accurate power response within the 5-minute response time. After the required response time expired, the participating air conditioners in Schemes 2 and 3 immediately ended their response state, while some air conditioners in Scheme 1 continued to respond. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that Scheme 1 selects air conditioners from Group 1 based on their shutdown duration. Most of these air conditioners have shutdown durations exceeding 5 minutes, and they remain shut down even after the 5-minute response time expires. However, Schemes 2 and 3 change the temperature setpoint after the required response time expires, ensuring that the current temperature is exactly equal to the lower operating temperature limit. This immediately changes the air conditioner's state, preventing the air conditioner from continuing to respond after the response has ended, thus achieving a better response effect.

[0205] During the second down-regulation, due to the larger power reduction, the adjustable capacity evaluation result of Scheme 1 does not meet the power requirement. However, Scheme 2 and the method of the present invention can still achieve power response. The reason is the same as the analysis of the adjustable capacity evaluation result in Section 3.3.

[0206] The user comfort after the response power is reduced based on Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 is as follows: Figure 10 shown.

[0207] Depend on Figure 10 It is obvious that compared with the method of selecting air-conditioning equipment according to the absolute temperature in the second solution, the response strategy proposed in the present invention has less impact on the user's comfort. While obtaining more adjustable capabilities, it takes the impact of user comfort into consideration as much as possible.

[0208] The simulation results and analysis above demonstrate that the proposed adjustability assessment method performs better in both response time and response power, further exploring the adjustability of air conditioning loads. The proposed response strategy achieves better results while also ensuring user comfort requirements.

[0209] IV. Conclusion

[0210] The present invention proposes a method for evaluating and responding to the adjustable capacity of air-conditioning loads taking into account user comfort. In the adjustable capacity evaluation part, response time and response power are used as adjustable capacity evaluation indicators. Within a reasonable comfortable temperature range, the temperature setting value of a single air conditioner is extended by adjusting the temperature setting value, so that the number of air conditioners that meet the time requirement is increased, and more adjustable power is obtained. In the response strategy part, comfort is used as a sorting indicator to sort the air-conditioning equipment that meets the conditions. With response power as the goal, air-conditioning equipment is selected from low to high according to comfort. The control effect was compared and analyzed with the other two schemes, and the results showed that the method of the present invention performed the best. Subsequent research work will continue to explore in depth the other engineering application values of the adjustable capacity of air-conditioning loads.

[0211] In another embodiment of the present invention, an air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation and response system is provided. The system can be used to implement the above-mentioned air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method and response method, and specifically includes: an adjustment evaluation module and an adjustment response module;

[0212] The evaluation module is used to calculate the maximum downward power and maximum upward power of the air-conditioning load group so that the adjustment response module can perform the adjustment;

[0213] The adjustment response module selects the corresponding air-conditioning equipment in turn according to the calculation results of the evaluation module, and controls the power and operating time of the air-conditioning equipment until the total power meets the power index.

[0214] In another embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, and is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to implement corresponding method processes or corresponding functions; the processor described in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of the air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method and response method.

[0215] In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a terminal device for storing programs and data. It can be understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and, of course, the extended storage medium supported by the terminal device. The computer-readable storage medium provides a storage space, which stores the operating system of the terminal. In addition, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0216] One or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method and response method in the above-mentioned embodiment; one or more instructions in a computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by a processor to implement the air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method and response method.

[0217] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0218] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0219] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0220] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0221] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the implementation methods of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific descriptions and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in the present invention without departing from the essence of the present invention, and such variations and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Establish a single air conditioning model, calculate the changes in air temperature and solid temperature in the building, calculate the relationship between the operating power and temperature of the single air conditioning during operation, and calculate the relationship between the upper and lower limits of the operating temperature and the set temperature; S2: Establish air conditioning load group model; Aggregate individual air conditioning units to form an air conditioning load group, define a variable set for the air conditioners within the load group, and indirectly characterize the load group model. Calculate the power consumption of the equipment group, set the temperature setpoint and temperature deadband for the load group, and set the upper and lower temperature limits for the equipment group. By adjusting the temperature setpoint or switching individual air conditioning units in the load group, the power of the individual air conditioning units is changed, thereby affecting the overall power of the load group, thereby achieving response to scheduling instructions and leveraging adjustable capabilities. S3: Establish user thermal comfort model; The PMV index is used to quantify the impact of temperature on user comfort, and the PMV value is specified to be between [-1, +1]; S4: Determine the optimal comfort temperature for each user based on the user thermal comfort model, set it as the temperature setting value of the air conditioner, and calculate the corresponding temperature range of the PMV value in the interval [-1,1], which is considered as the maximum temperature range that each air conditioner can adjust S5: Calculate the remaining time length of the "on" state of all air-conditioning devices at time t or "Close" the remaining time And with adjustable duration t control For comparison, the air conditioning load group is divided into two groups: one is the air conditioning equipment that meets the duration requirement, and the rest is the air conditioning equipment that does not meet the duration requirement. The ones that do not meet the duration requirement enter S6; S6: According to the adjustable time t control Calculate the indoor temperature T2(i) after the air-conditioning equipment that does not meet the time requirement is turned off or on for a certain period of time when it can meet the time requirement, and compare T2(i) with For comparison, if the maximum adjustable temperature range is not exceeded, the air conditioner temperature setting value is adjusted to the temperature setting value corresponding to T2(i); if the maximum adjustable temperature range is exceeded, the air conditioner does not have the power adjustment capability to meet the corresponding time requirement; S7: The air-conditioning devices that meet the time requirement and the temperature range requirement after temperature adjustment are grouped into statuses, with those in the "on" state grouped into group I and those in the "off" state grouped into group IV. Aggregate the power of air-conditioning equipment in the new state groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ to obtain the maximum power reduction of the air-conditioning load group P cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ); The devices in group I are in the on state. At this time, the device status is changed to "off" and the shutdown time can be maintained for more than t control , Group IV is in shutdown state. If its state is changed to "on", the remaining power-on time is greater than t control .

2. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: S1 is specifically: the changes in the air temperature and solid temperature in the building are obtained by the following formula: Where: T in (t), T m (t), T o (t) represents the indoor air, indoor solid and outdoor air temperatures at time t, respectively, in °C; C a and C m are the equivalent heat capacities of indoor air and indoor solid, J / ℃; R a and R m are the equivalent thermal resistances of indoor air and indoor solid, respectively, in W / °C; Q(t) is the operating power of the air conditioner. When the air conditioner is running, its power is the rated power. Under the cooling model, the relationship between its operating power and temperature is as follows: Where: η is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; P is the rated power of the air conditioner; [T down ,T up ] represents the range of indoor temperature change when the air conditioner is running stably, T down and T up Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the operating temperature, which are related to the set temperature T set The relationship between them is shown as follows: Where δ represents the temperature control dead zone of the air conditioner.

3. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: S2 is specifically: Open device group display O t , close the device group to indicate C t , the specific form is shown as follows: In the formula, n1 represents the number of devices in the on state, n2 represents the number of devices in the off state, and the relationship between the number of devices and the total number of devices in the load group N is N = n1 + n2; as the operating state of the individual air conditioners in the equipment group changes, O t and C t The number of devices in will also change; The power consumption of a device group is the sum of the power consumption of all devices in the device group that are turned on, expressed as: Where: is the power consumption value of the i-th device in the group when it is turned on at time t; Temperature setting value of the load group at time t Temperature dead zone δ t Expressed as: d t ={δ 1,t ,d 2,t ,d 3,t ,…,d N,t } Where: and δ i,t They represent the temperature setting value and temperature dead zone of the i-th device at time t respectively; The upper and lower temperature limits of the equipment group are based on and δ t Pass-through Find out.

4. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: The PMV value in S3 is calculated by the following formula: I PMV =(0.303e -0.036M +0.028){M-η-3.05×10 -3 ×[5733-6.99(M-η)-P a ]-0.42[(M-η)-58.15]-1.7×10 -5 M(5867-P a )-0.0014M(34-T in )-3.96×10 -8 f cl [(T cl +273) 4 -(T r +273) 4 ]-f cl h c (T cl -T in )} Where: M is the human metabolic rate, W / m 2 ; η is the human body work efficiency, W / m 2 ;P a is the water vapor partial pressure of the air around the human body, Pa; f cl is the human clothing coefficient; T cl is the surface temperature of clothing, ℃; T r is the mean radiation temperature, °C; h c is the surface heat transfer coefficient, W / (m 2 K); Assume that the air conditioning temperature setting value T is set by the user set It is equal to the user's optimal comfort temperature T com When PMV is 0, the human body feels most comfortable, and the temperature at this time is the optimal comfort temperature T com ; Define the average comfort index f AC , as shown below: Where: N is the length of time experienced; is the comfort value at the i-th moment.

5. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: In S6, the adjustable time t control Calculate T2(i) corresponding to the air-conditioning equipment that does not meet the duration requirement when it can meet the duration requirement. The specific formula is as follows: Where: Among them, T1 and T2 are the upper and lower limits of room temperature, t on (T1, T2) and t off (T1, T2) is the time it takes for the room temperature to change from T1 to T2 when the air conditioner is turned on and off; C a and C m are the equivalent heat capacities of indoor air and indoor solid, J / ℃; R a and R m are the equivalent thermal resistance of indoor air and indoor solid respectively, W / ℃; t control The required startup / shutdown time.

6. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: The corresponding maximum power reduction P in S7 cut (t,t control ) and the maximum increase power P raise (t,t control ) is represented by the following formula; Wherein, P is the rated power of the air conditioner; and The remaining time for each air conditioner to remain in the "on" or "off" state.

7. The method for evaluating the adjustable capacity of air conditioning load according to claim 1, wherein: In S7, for air-conditioning equipment with power regulation capability, the following formula must be satisfied: in, and is the minimum and maximum temperature of each air conditioner in the PMV value range of [-1,1]; i (T(t), T2(i)) is the running time required from temperature T(t) to T2(i).

8. An air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account, characterized by: The air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account is implemented on the basis of an air conditioning load adjustable capacity evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The air conditioning load response method considering user comfort includes the following steps: 1) First determine the maximum temperature range that each air conditioner can adjust The specific calculation process is the same as that in the adjustable capacity assessment; 2) Calculate the time t that all air conditioners in the on state remain in the on state control The corresponding temperature T2(i) is T2(i). Make a comparison and find the air-conditioning equipment that meets the time requirement and temperature range requirement; calculate the corresponding temperature setting value T that needs to be adjusted through T2(i) s ′et(i), reset the air conditioner temperature setting value to T s ′et(i); Where T2(i) and T s The calculation formula of ′et(i) is: 3) Calculate the average comfort index f for air-conditioning equipment that meets the requirements AC , and f AC Sort the air conditioners for the sorting index to form a comfort sequence from low to high {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)}; 4) Power index P control As the goal, from the comfort sequence {f AC (1),f AC (2),f AC (3),…,f AC (k)} select the corresponding air conditioning equipment in turn until the total power meets P control , the corresponding calculation formula is: Determine the air conditioning equipment participating in the response and its corresponding temperature setting value T' set .

9. The air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account according to claim 8, characterized in that: The average comfort index in step 3) is calculated as follows: Where: N is the length of time experienced; is the comfort value at the i-th moment.

10. An air conditioning load adjustability assessment and response system, characterized by: The system is used to implement the air conditioning load response method taking user comfort into account as described in claim 8, and the system includes: an adjustment evaluation module and an adjustment response module; The evaluation module is used to calculate the maximum downward power and maximum upward power of the air-conditioning load group so that the adjustment response module can perform the adjustment; The adjustment response module selects the corresponding air-conditioning equipment in turn according to the calculation results of the evaluation module, and controls the power and operating time of the air-conditioning equipment until the total power meets the power index.

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