Positioning fixture and clamping method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of clamps, and particularly relates to a positioning and clamping clamp and a clamping method, which comprises a bottom plate, a pressing cover and a pressing plate, the bottom plate is provided with a containing groove and a first limiting groove, the first limiting groove is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves which are communicated with the containing groove and are circumferentially arranged along the containing groove; the projection of the pressing cover in the direction of the bottom of the containing groove is identical with the shape of the thin-walled part, a plurality of second limiting grooves which are communicated with the circumferential surface of the pressing cover are axially arranged on the pressing cover; the two ends of the plurality of pressing plates are respectively clamped into the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove to limit the pressing cover in the containing groove. The positioning and clamping clamp limits the pressing cover by the pressing plate matched with the bottom plate, thereby forming the clamping and positioning of the raw material, the projection of the pressing cover in the direction of the bottom plate is identical with the shape of the thin-walled part to be machined, and the deformation in the machining process of the thin-walled part is effectively overcome, thereby ensuring the machining precision.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of clamps, in particular to a positioning and clamping clamp and a clamping method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Thin-walled parts refer to parts of metal materials with a wall thickness of less than 1 mm, which have the characteristics of light weight, material saving, compact structure, etc. However, turning of thin-walled parts is a tricky problem. The reason is that thin-walled parts have poor rigidity and weak strength. If a common three-jaw self-centering chuck is used to clamp them in the radial direction, it is easy to cause deformation and difficult to ensure the machining quality. SUMMARY

[0003] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a positioning and clamping clamp that can clamp raw materials when machining thin-walled parts, while avoiding deformation of thin-walled parts during machining.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0005] The positioning and clamping clamp comprises a base plate, a pressure cover and a pressure plate, the base plate is provided with a containing groove and a first limiting groove, the first limiting groove is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves along the circumferential direction of the containing groove and communicates with the containing groove; the projection of the pressure cover towards the bottom of the containing groove is the same shape as the thin-walled part, a plurality of second limiting grooves are provided on the pressure cover along the axial direction and matched with the first limiting groove, the second limiting groove communicates with the circumferential surface of the pressure cover; the two ends of a plurality of pressure plates are respectively clamped into the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove to limit the pressure cover located in the containing groove.

[0006] Optionally, it further comprises a bolt, the pressure plate is provided with a first mounting hole, the containing groove is provided with a first threaded hole, the bolt is screwed with the base plate through the first mounting hole and the first threaded hole, and the groove depth of the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove is smaller than the groove depth of the containing groove.

[0007] Optionally, the first limiting groove is further provided with a step at the end away from the containing groove, and the top surface height of the step is the same as the groove bottom height of the second limiting groove.

[0008] Optionally, the step is concave to form a curved surface on the side facing the containing groove.

[0009] Optionally, the first limiting groove is provided with four and arranged in a circular array along the circumferential direction of the pressure cover, the first limiting groove extends along the radial direction of the pressure cover, and the second limiting groove is also provided with four and corresponds to the first limiting groove one by one.

[0010] Optionally, the grommet is annular, and a second mounting hole is formed in the grommet, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the second mounting hole is formed in the bottom of the accommodating groove.

[0011] Optionally, the pressing plate has the same thickness as the grommet, and the accommodating groove is a stepped groove, and the accommodating groove comprises a first stepped groove and a second stepped groove arranged from inside to outside, and the depth of the second stepped groove is smaller than the depth of the first stepped groove.

[0012] The second object of the present application is to provide a clamping method for clamping raw materials when machining non-annular thin-walled parts, and the clamping method uses the positioning and clamping fixture, and the clamping steps are as follows:

[0013] Placing the raw material in the accommodating groove;

[0014] Placing the grommet on the raw material, and ensuring that the projection of the grommet in the direction of the bottom of the accommodating groove completely falls on the raw material;

[0015] Adjusting the position of the grommet, and placing the first ends of the two pressing plates into the two first limiting grooves respectively, and placing the second ends of the two pressing plates into the two second limiting grooves corresponding to the first limiting grooves respectively, and machining the raw material, and avoiding the direction of the two pressing plates during machining, and then taking out the pressing plates and placing them in the second limiting grooves and the first limiting grooves respectively, and machining the direction of the raw material which has not been machined;

[0016] Taking out the pressing plates and the grommet, and the raw material under the grommet is the thin-walled part.

[0017] The third object of the present application is to provide a clamping method for clamping raw materials when machining annular thin-walled parts, and the annular thin-walled part is provided with a positioning hole, and the grommet of the positioning and clamping fixture is provided with a second mounting hole, and a second threaded hole is formed in the accommodating groove, and the clamping steps are as follows:

[0018] Placing the raw material in the accommodating groove;

[0019] Placing the grommet on the raw material, and ensuring that the projection of the grommet in the direction of the bottom of the accommodating groove completely falls on the raw material;

[0020] Placing the pressing plates into the second limiting grooves and the first limiting grooves in sequence, limiting the grommet, and inserting the bolts into the first mounting hole and the first threaded hole, so that the grommet clamps the raw material;

[0021] Machining the positioning hole on the raw material through the second mounting hole;

[0022] screws are screwed into the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole, the raw material and the gland are fixed on the bottom plate, the pressing plate is removed, and the raw material is processed;

[0023] the raw material under the gland is the thin-walled part processed.

[0024] Optionally, the gland is placed on a plurality of stacked raw materials to process a plurality of thin-walled parts at the same time.

[0025] The positioning and clamping fixture used in the present application clamps and positions the raw material used for processing the thin-walled part by cooperating the bottom plate, the gland and the pressing plate. The projection of the gland towards the bottom plate is consistent with the shape of the thin-walled part, effectively overcoming the deformation during the processing of the thin-walled part, and ensuring the processing accuracy. When the positioning and clamping fixture is used to clamp the raw material for processing the non-annular thin-walled part, the position of the pressing plate is adjusted to avoid interference during the omnidirectional processing of the raw material around the periphery of the gland. When the positioning and clamping fixture is used to clamp the raw material for processing the annular thin-walled part, the pressing plate is used to fix the gland, a positioning hole is processed on the raw material at the position corresponding to the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole, then the screws are screwed into the second mounting hole and the second threaded hole to fix the gland and the raw material, and the pressing plate can be directly removed at this time, avoiding interference during the processing of the raw material around the periphery of the gland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the positioning and clamping fixture in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a top view of the positioning and clamping fixture in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a side view of the positioning and clamping fixture in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the positioning and clamping fixture in the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of the bottom plate in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of the pressing plate in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 is a structural schematic view of the thin-walled part in the embodiment of the present application.

[0033] In the figure, 10, bottom plate; 11, accommodating groove; 111, first step groove; 112, second step groove; 12, first limiting groove; 121, step; 13, first threaded hole; 14, second threaded hole;

[0034] 20, gland; 21, second limiting groove; 22, second mounting hole;

[0035] 30, pressing plate; 31, first mounting hole;

[0036] 40, bolt;

[0037] 50, thin-walled part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application, and not to limit the application. In addition, it should be noted that only the parts related to the application are shown in the drawings for the convenience of description, not all the structures.

[0039] In the description of the application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", "fixed" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the "upper" or "lower" of the first feature to the second feature can include the direct contact of the first and second features, or the indirect contact of the first and second features through another feature between them. Moreover, the "upper", "upper" and "upper" of the first feature to the second feature includes the vertical direction of the first feature above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The "below", "below" and "below" of the first feature to the second feature includes the vertical direction of the first feature below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0041] In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description, and have no special meaning.

[0042] Reference Figures 1-6 As shown in the drawings, the embodiment proposes a positioning clamping fixture, which comprises a base plate 10, a cover 20 and a pressing plate 30, wherein the base plate 10 is provided with a containing groove 11 and a first limiting groove 12, the containing groove 11 is used for containing a thin-walled raw material (hereinafter referred to as raw material) required for processing a thin-walled part, the first limiting groove 12 is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves 21 matched with the first limiting groove 12 along the circumference of the containing groove 11 and communicated with the containing groove 11, the cover 20 is provided with a plurality of second limiting grooves 21 matched with the first limiting groove 12 along the circumference, the second limiting grooves 21 are communicated with the circumferential surface of the cover 20, the cover 20 is placed in the containing groove 11, the pressing plate 30 is provided with a plurality of, the first end of the pressing plate 30 is clamped into the first limiting groove 12 and matched with the base plate 10, the second end of the pressing plate 30 is clamped into the second limiting groove 21 and matched with the cover 20. The shape of the cover 20 can be set according to the shape of the processed thin-walled part, so that the projection of the cover 20 towards the bottom of the containing groove 11 is the same as the shape of the thin-walled part, and the cover 20 can be specifically set as a regular shape such as a circle, a square, a ring or other irregular shape, which is not limited in the embodiment.

[0043] The clamping force of the cover 20 on the raw material at least partially comes from the gravity of the cover 20 itself, the pressing plate 30 connecting the cover 20 and the base plate 10 along the circumference of the cover 20 limits the horizontal position of the cover 20, preventing the cover 20 from moving together with the raw material during the processing of the thin-walled part; moreover, the cover 20 is set according to the shape of the thin-walled part, and during the processing, the cover 20 can completely cover the part of the material belonging to the thin-walled part, effectively overcoming the deformation during the processing of the thin-walled part, and ensuring the processing precision.

[0044] In the embodiment, the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12 are both provided with four and arranged in a ring array along the circumference of the cover 20, and the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12 both extend along the radial direction of the cover 20, at this time, the included angle between the adjacent second limiting groove 21 and the adjacent first limiting groove 12 is 90°.

[0045] In actual application, if the gland 20 is too light, the clamping force on the raw material is insufficient, and the raw material is prone to displacement; if the gland 20 is too heavy, the raw material at the boundary of the gland 20 is prone to deformation. Therefore, in one of the embodiments, the positioning and clamping fixture further comprises a bolt 40, the pressing plate 30 is provided with a first mounting hole 31 through which the bolt 40 passes, and the bottom plate 10 is provided with a first threaded hole 13 into which the bolt 40 is inserted. The bolt 40 is sequentially inserted into the first mounting hole 31 and the first threaded hole 13 and screwed with the bottom plate 10. By suspending the bolt 40, the pressure of the pressing plate 30 on the gland 20 can be adjusted to maintain a suitable clamping force on the raw material. It can be understood that the groove depth of the first limiting groove 12 and the second limiting groove 21 is smaller than the groove depth of the accommodating groove 11. At this time, the middle part of the pressing plate 30 is in a suspended state and does not contact the groove bottom of the accommodating groove 11, and the two ends are in contact with the gland 20 and the bottom plate 10 respectively to increase the force arm of the pressing plate 30 so that the force applied by the bolt 40 can be better. Based on the positioning and clamping fixture in this embodiment which adopts the bolt fastening mode, the bottom plate 10, the gland 20 and the pressing plate 30 can all be made of steel or aluminum alloy, which has high structural strength and long service life.

[0046] In this embodiment, the end of the first limiting groove 12 away from the accommodating groove 11 is further provided with a step 121, and the top surface height of the step 121 is consistent with the groove bottom height of the second limiting groove 21. Such a design can increase the suspended length of the pressing plate 30, that is, increase the force arm, and further enable the force applied by the bolt 40 to better act on the gland 20. Specifically, the side of the step 121 facing the accommodating groove 11 is concave to form a curved surface to further lengthen the force arm.

[0047] As shown in Figure 7 , one of the thin-walled parts is an annular thin-walled part, and a plurality of positioning holes are arranged around the thin-walled part. For this kind of thin-walled part, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the gland 20 is also annular, and the gland 20 is provided with a plurality of second mounting holes 22 for machining the positioning holes.

[0048] As can be seen, based on the above positioning and clamping fixture, the thin-walled part can be divided into two types. One is an annular thin-walled part provided with positioning holes, and the raw material inside and outside the gland 20 needs to be machined respectively. The other is a non-annular thin-walled part, and only the raw material outside the gland 20 needs to be machined. For the above two types of thin-walled parts, different clamping methods can be used to avoid interference of the fixture itself with the machining process.

[0049] In one of the embodiments of the present application, a clamping method for clamping a non-annular thin-walled part is provided, and the clamping steps are as follows:

[0050] S1, placing the raw material in the accommodating groove 11;

[0051] S2, place the gland 20 on the raw material, ensure that the projection of the gland 20 towards the bottom of the containing groove 11 falls completely on the raw material;

[0052] S3, respectively, place the first end of the two pressing plates 30 in the two first limiting grooves 12, and in this process, fine-tune the position of the gland 20, so that the second end of the two pressing plates 30 naturally falls into the two second limiting grooves 21 corresponding to the two first limiting grooves 12, at this time, the projection of the gland 20 still needs to completely fall on the raw material, and on this basis, the raw material is processed, the processing process avoids the direction of the two pressing plates 30, and then the pressing plate 30 is taken out and placed in the two second limiting grooves 21 and the first limiting grooves 12 which are different from the previous direction, and the unprocessed direction of the raw material is processed.

[0053] For example, when the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12 are both arrayed with four along the circumference of the gland 20 and the extension direction is the same as the radial direction of the gland 20, the two second limiting grooves 21 opposite to each other are set as a group, and the two first limiting grooves 12 opposite to each other are set as a group, then the four second limiting grooves 21 and the four first limiting grooves 12 are divided into two groups respectively, the first end of the two pressing plates 30 is clamped into the first group of first limiting grooves 12, and the second end naturally falls into the second limiting groove 21 which is in the same direction as the first group of first limiting grooves 12, after the processing of the raw material part in the direction except the pressing plate 30 direction of the gland 20 is completed, the pressing plate 30 is taken out, the first end of the pressing plate 30 is placed in the second group of first limiting grooves 12, and the second end naturally falls into the second group of second limiting grooves 21 which is in the same direction as the second group of first limiting grooves 12, and the direction of the second pressing plate 30 is perpendicular to the direction of the first pressing plate 30.

[0054] When the pressing plate 30 is clamped in the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12, the pressure of the pressing plate 30 on the gland 20 is adjusted through the suspension bolt 40.

[0055] S4, take out the pressing plate 30 and the gland 20, and the raw material under the gland 20 is the thin-walled part processed.

[0056] In another embodiment, a clamping method for clamping a ring-shaped thin-walled part is provided, the ring-shaped thin-walled part is provided with a plurality of positioning holes around, at this time, based on the positioning and clamping fixture, a plurality of second threaded holes 14 corresponding to the second mounting holes 22 are further arranged at the bottom of the containing groove 11, and the specific clamping steps of the clamping method are as follows:

[0057] S1, place the raw material in the containing groove 11;

[0058] S2, place the gland 20 on the raw material, ensure that the projection of the gland 20 towards the bottom of the containing groove 11 falls completely on the raw material;

[0059] S3, adjust the position of the gland 20, so that the two ends of the pressing plate 30 are sequentially placed into the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12, and the gland 20 is limited, so that the gland 20 clamps the raw material, and it should be noted that the projection of the gland 20 still completely falls on the raw material at this time;

[0060] S4, a positioning hole is processed on the raw material through the second mounting hole 22;

[0061] S5, screw the bolt 40 into the second mounting hole 22 and the second threaded hole 14, so that the raw material and the gland 20 are fixed on the bottom plate 10 together, remove the pressing plate 30, and process the raw material. During the processing process, the entire thin-walled part positioning and clamping fixture does not interfere;

[0062] S6, remove the bolt 40 and take out the gland 20, and the raw material under the gland 20 is the processed thin-walled part.

[0063] In step S5, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the entire positioning and clamping fixture, the bolt inserted into the second mounting hole 22 can be the bolt 40 removed from the first mounting hole 31, and the distance between the top surface of the pressing plate 30 and the groove bottom of the accommodating groove 11 and the distance between the top surface of the gland 20 and the groove bottom of the accommodating groove 11 should be within the allowable range. It can be understood that in order to ensure the structural strength of the gland 20, the groove depth of the second limiting groove 21 is not more than half of the thickness of the gland 20, and the thickness of the pressing plate 30 cannot be set too thin during clamping the raw material to avoid being broken. In this embodiment, the thickness of the pressing plate 30 and the thickness of the gland 20 are set to be the same to facilitate processing, and at this time, the pressing plate 30 protrudes from the gland 20 when the pressing plate 30 is clamped into the second limiting groove 21 and the first limiting groove 12. Based on this, the accommodating groove 11 is set as a stepped groove, including a first step groove 111 and a second step groove 112 concentrically arranged from inside to outside, and the groove depth of the second step groove 112 is smaller than the groove depth of the first step groove 111 and the depth difference is substantially the same as the groove depth of the second limiting groove 21. The substantially same here takes into account the thickness of the raw material, and in fact, the depth difference between the second step groove 112 and the first step groove 111 should be equal to the groove depth of the second limiting groove 21 plus the thickness of the stacked raw material.

[0064] Due to the thin-walled characteristics of the thin-walled part, the gland 20 can simultaneously limit multiple thin-walled materials used to process the thin-walled part, that is, multiple thin-walled parts can be processed at a time. For example, when processing a 0.1mm thin-walled part, 5-10 pieces can be processed at the same time.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are merely exemplary but not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. Various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application. It is not necessary or possible to enumerate all the embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A clamping method for clamping a raw material used for machining a thin-walled ring-shaped member, the thin-walled ring-shaped member being provided with a plurality of positioning holes around the circumference thereof and being clamped by a positioning clamp, characterized in that, The positioning clamping fixture comprises: a bottom plate (10) having a receiving groove (11) and a first limiting groove (12) formed therein, the first limiting groove (12) being formed in the circumferential direction of the receiving groove (11) and communicating with the receiving groove (11); a cover (20) having a projection in the direction of the bottom of the receiving groove (11) identical to the shape of the thin-walled part, the cover (20) having a plurality of second limiting grooves (21) formed in the circumferential direction and matched with the first limiting groove (12), the second limiting grooves (21) communicating with the circumferential surface of the cover (20), the cover (20) being annular, the cover (20) having a second mounting hole (22) formed therein, the bottom of the receiving groove (11) having a plurality of second threaded holes (14) corresponding to the second mounting hole (22); a plurality of pressing plates (30), the two ends of the pressing plate (30) being respectively clamped into the first limiting groove (12) and the second limiting groove (21) to limit the cover (20) in the receiving groove (11); a bolt (40), the pressing plate (30) having a first mounting hole (31) formed therein, the receiving groove (11) having a first threaded hole (13) formed therein, the bolt (40) being screwed with the bottom plate (10) through the first mounting hole (31) and the first threaded hole (13), the depths of the first limiting groove (12) and the second limiting groove (21) being smaller than the depth of the receiving groove (11); the clamping steps being as follows: placing raw materials in the receiving groove (11); placing the cover (20) on the raw materials, ensuring that the projection of the cover (20) in the direction of the bottom of the receiving groove (11) completely falls on the raw materials; sequentially placing the pressing plates (30) into the second limiting groove (21) and the first limiting groove (12) to limit the cover (20), and inserting the bolt (40) into the first mounting hole (31) and the first threaded hole (13) to make the cover (20) clamp the raw materials; processing the positioning hole on the raw materials through the second mounting hole (22); screwing the bolt (40) into the second mounting hole (22) and the second threaded hole (14) to fix the raw materials and the cover (20) on the bottom plate (10) together, removing the pressing plates (30) to process the raw materials; removing the cover (20), and the raw materials under the cover (20) being the processed thin-walled part.

2. The clamping method according to claim 1, wherein The first limiting groove (12) is further provided with a step (121) away from the receiving groove (11), the top surface of the step (121) having the same height as the bottom of the second limiting groove (21).

3. The clamping method of claim 2, wherein The step (121) is concave to form an arc surface facing the receiving groove (11).

4. The clamping method of claim 1, wherein The first limiting grooves (12) are arranged in a circumferential annular array of four, and extend along the radial direction of the pressing cover (20), and the second limiting grooves (21) are also arranged in a circumferential annular array of four and correspond to the first limiting grooves (12) one by one.

5. The clamping method of claim 1, wherein The pressing plate (30) has the same thickness as the pressing cover (20), and the accommodating groove (11) is arranged as a stepped groove, and comprises a first step groove (111) and a second step groove (112) arranged concentrically from inside to outside, and the groove depth of the second step groove (112) is smaller than that of the first step groove (111).

6. The clamping method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The pressing cover (20) is arranged on a plurality of stacked raw materials to simultaneously process a plurality of thin-walled parts.

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