A solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization. The solar evaporator comprises a light-heat conversion part and a salt extraction conversion part. The light-heat conversion part comprises a light-heat water transport part, a light-heat water supply part and a floating heat insulation part I which are sequentially attached and laid from top to bottom. The salt extraction conversion part comprises a light-heat salt extraction part, a salt accumulation guiding part, a supporting part and a floating heat insulation part II which are sequentially attached and laid from top to bottom. The light-heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface receive light and convert solar energy into heat energy and evaporate water. The water supply evaporation surface and the guiding horizontal part provide water for the light-heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface. Through the design of the surface shape of the light-heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface and the water transport lines of each part, water is continuously evaporated and deposited to the far end of the device during the transmission process. The water and salt are separated, salt accumulation on the surface is avoided, the erosion of the equipment is avoided, and the long-term stable operation of the device is maintained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of solar seawater desalination and salt separation, and particularly relates to a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In response to the national "double carbon" policy, the use of solar evaporation to achieve seawater desalination has become a focus of attention. Solar evaporation consumes less energy, pollutes less, and is more environmentally friendly. However, the energy utilization rate of the solar distillation devices on the market is not high. Most of them heat the water as a whole, and only the water on the surface of the water body can evaporate, resulting in a lot of conduction heat loss. Therefore, the efficiency of today's solar distillation devices is only 30-45%, which is at a low level. In recent years, a new type of solar-driven interfacial evaporation seawater desalination technology has developed rapidly. This interfacial evaporation device transports a small amount of water to the solar evaporation interface, separates it from the water below, so that only the interface water is heated and evaporated, greatly improving the energy utilization rate and the evaporation rate, and the cost is lower and more suitable for wide promotion.

[0003] However, this new type of solar-driven interfacial evaporation seawater desalination technology is not mature. Current research in this area focuses on salt pollution resistance, evaporation efficiency improvement, and evaporator design. So far, all kinds of solar-driven interfacial evaporators reported generally use symmetrical evaporation structures such as circles, rectangles, etc. However, such structures cannot resist salt pollution well, and the salt produced by evaporation will deposit in the same position, which is not conducive to the evaporation of the evaporation interface. Salt pollution of equipment is a common problem in traditional seawater desalination and salt separation technology, and a new type of evaporator structure is urgently needed to achieve high energy utilization rate and high evaporation rate while still resisting salt pollution well.

[0004] Furthermore, if salt can be separated and extracted at the same time as evaporation, water and salt can be separated and obtained. The main technologies for water and salt separation currently include natural solar salt, heat-driven evaporation technology, pressure-driven membrane desalination technology, electrodialysis technology, and low-temperature crystallization. However, these technologies are currently constrained by many factors: 1. Low salt extraction efficiency; 2. The device is severely contaminated by salt ions and needs regular maintenance and replacement; 3. High energy consumption, as the above technologies require a large amount of electrical or thermal energy to achieve; 4. High-salt wastewater generated during the salt extraction process causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, a new technology is urgently needed to achieve efficient solar heat evaporation for water and salt separation. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction and a use method thereof, which can extract salt while obtaining pure water and maintain long-term stable operation of the device.

[0006] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction, comprising a photo-thermal conversion part and a salt extraction conversion part;

[0008] The photo-thermal conversion part comprises a photo-thermal water transport part, a photo-thermal water supply part and a floating heat insulation part I laid in order from top to bottom; the photo-thermal water transport part comprises a water absorption line, a photo-thermal conversion surface and a photo-thermal water transmission line, the photo-thermal conversion surface is horizontally arranged on the material surface and converts solar energy into heat energy, the water absorption line is connected with the left end of the photo-thermal conversion surface and inserted into water, the photo-thermal water transmission line is connected with the right end of the photo-thermal conversion surface and inserted into water, and the photo-thermal water transport part is used for unidirectional transport of water and salt from the left end of the photo-thermal conversion surface to the right end or from the right end to the left end.

[0009] The photo-thermal water supply part comprises a water supply water absorption line and a water supply evaporation surface, the water supply water absorption line and the water supply evaporation surface are consistent with the shapes of the corresponding water absorption line and photo-thermal conversion surface in the upper layer, respectively, the left end of the water supply evaporation surface is connected with the water supply water absorption line, the right end of the water supply evaporation surface is in contact with the right end of the photo-thermal conversion surface, the water supply water absorption line is inserted into water like the water absorption line to enhance the water transmission capacity, and the water supply evaporation surface evaporates water to the photo-thermal conversion surface; the floating heat insulation part I is connected at the bottom of the horizontal part of the photo-thermal water supply part and is used for floating the left side of the device on the water surface and insulating heat.

[0010] The salt extraction conversion part comprises a photo-thermal salt extraction part, a salt accumulation guiding part, a support part and a floating heat insulation part II laid in order from top to bottom; the photo-thermal salt extraction part comprises a salt extraction water absorption line and a salt extraction conversion surface, the salt extraction conversion surface is horizontally arranged on the material surface and converts solar energy into heat energy, the left end of the salt extraction conversion surface is connected with the salt extraction water absorption line, and the salt extraction water absorption line is in contact with the photo-thermal water transmission line for unidirectional water transport.

[0011] The salt accumulation guiding part comprises a guiding horizontal part and a guiding bent part, the guiding horizontal part is consistent with the shape of the salt extraction conversion surface in the upper layer and is used for evaporating water to the salt extraction conversion surface, and the guiding bent part is connected with the guiding horizontal part, and the salt concentration reaches saturation in the guiding bent part to precipitate;

[0012] The support part comprises a support horizontal part and a support bent part, the support horizontal part is connected below the guiding horizontal part, and the support bent part is connected below the guiding bent part; the floating heat insulation part II is connected at the bottom of the support horizontal part and is used for floating the right side of the device on the surface and insulating heat.

[0013] Further, the water absorption line and the photo-thermal conversion surface present a 90° bend at the junction of the two, the photo-thermal conversion surface and the photo-thermal water transmission line present a 90° bend at the junction of the two, and the water supply water absorption line and the water supply evaporation surface present a 90° bend at the junction of the two.

[0014] Further, the guiding bending angle between the guiding horizontal part and the guiding bending part is 90-180°.

[0015] Further, the supporting bending part is close to the guiding bending part, so the supporting bending angle between the supporting horizontal part and the supporting bending part is also 90-180°.

[0016] Further, the photothermal water transporting part, the photothermal water supplying part, the photothermal salt extracting part and the guiding salt accumulating part are all made of porous fiber cloth with capillary water absorption.

[0017] Further, the photothermal conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface are made of porous fiber cloth heated and carbonized or loaded with photothermal materials; the photothermal materials include black polymer paint, carbon-based materials, inorganic semiconductor materials or noble metal nanoparticles.

[0018] Further, the porous fiber cloth is hydrophilic coir cloth, non-woven fabric, cotton cloth, linen cloth, chemical fiber cloth, felt cloth or foam; the supporting part is a flat plate made of salt corrosion resistant material; the floating heat insulation part I and the floating heat insulation part II are polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, phenolic resin foam or wood.

[0019] Further, the photothermal conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface have the same length but different shapes and orientations; the water supplying evaporation surface has the same shape and orientation as the photothermal conversion surface and is close to the latter; the guiding horizontal part has the same shape and orientation as the salt extraction conversion surface and is close to the latter; the width ratio of the left end of the photothermal conversion surface to the right end of the photothermal conversion surface is (10-0.1):1, the width continuously changes from the left end of the photothermal conversion surface to the right end of the photothermal conversion surface, and the side edges of the photothermal conversion surface are smooth line segments or curves; the width ratio of the right end of the salt extraction conversion surface to the left end of the salt extraction conversion surface is (10-0.1):1, the width continuously changes from the right end of the salt extraction conversion surface to the left end of the salt extraction conversion surface, and the side edges of the salt extraction conversion surface are smooth line segments or curves.

[0020] Further, the water absorption line, the photothermal water transmission line, the water supplying and absorbing line, the salt extracting and absorbing line and the guiding bending part are all rectangular in shape; the lengths of the water absorption line, the photothermal water transmission line, the water supplying and absorbing line and the salt extracting and absorbing line are consistent, and the length ratio of the photothermal conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface is (100-1):1, and the width of the water absorption line, the photothermal water transmission line, the water supplying and absorbing line and the salt extracting and absorbing line is consistent with the end width of the photothermal conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface connected or contacted.

[0021] The method for using the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction includes a salt resistance mode and a salt extraction mode.

[0022] In the anti-salt mode, the container I and the container II are filled with salt water with the same or different salt water concentration; the water absorption line, the water supply and water absorption line, the light and heat water transmission line, and the salt extraction water absorption line are inserted into the same container I for water supply, the guide bending part is inserted into the other container II for water supply, a one-way ion transport direction is formed from the water supply and water absorption line-light and heat water transmission line-salt extraction water absorption line-guide bending part, so that the salt is precipitated, and the water in the two containers is continuously evaporated without blocking the evaporation surface.

[0023] In the salt extraction mode, the container I is filled with salt water, and the container II is empty; the water absorption line, the water supply and water absorption line, the light and heat water transmission line, and the salt extraction water absorption line are inserted into the same container I for water supply, the guide bending part is inserted into the other container II and is not lower than the liquid level in the container I, a one-way ion transport direction is formed from the water supply and water absorption line-light and heat water transmission line-salt extraction water absorption line-guide bending part, the salt ion concentration is saturated and precipitated in the guide bending part, and water and salt are separated.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the present application, the light and heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface receive light and convert solar energy into heat and evaporate water, the water supply evaporation surface and the guide horizontal part provide water to the light and heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface, and the guide bending part is provided, the surface shape of the light and heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface is designed, the water lines of each part are combined, and the one-way transmission of salt ions is controlled by the concentration difference and the pressure.

[0026] A path with a controllable transport direction is provided, the light and heat conversion surface and the salt extraction conversion surface receive light and convert solar energy into heat, the light and heat water supply part is provided to improve the water transmission capacity, the water evaporates continuously during the transmission process, the salt is precipitated in the guide bending part and continuously deposited from the support bending part to the far end of the device, water and salt are separated, fresh water is obtained, and salt solids are collected, the accumulation of salt on the surface is avoided, the periodic replacement of consumable parts is not required, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced.

[0027] 2. The present application realizes the synchronous acquisition of desalination and salt solids through unified design, integrates seawater desalination and salt extraction into one device, controls the salt ion transport direction, designs an asymmetric evaporation surface, and guides the deposition of salt, thereby ensuring continuous and controllable salt ion transport and suitable salt concentration distribution, obtaining a higher water transmission rate by utilizing the effect of concentration difference, realizing water and salt separation, and maintaining long-term stable operation of the device.

[0028] 3. This invention only requires solar energy as an energy source and does not rely on large-scale energy facilities, thus having a wider range of applications. It is suitable for medium and large-scale domestic water desalination plants and portable water intake devices, and is particularly suitable for island areas, offshore platforms and ships, and wilderness survival scenarios.

[0029] 4. Compared with traditional high-energy thermal methods, the equipment used in this invention is inexpensive, easy to maintain, and exhibits good economic efficiency and sustainability. Compared with solar salt production, this invention can obtain fresh water while producing salt, and also improves the evaporation rate and solar energy conversion efficiency of the device, greatly accelerating the salt extraction speed. This invention focuses on efficient water-salt separation and improved resistance to salt pollution, and has significant application potential in seawater desalination and high-salinity wastewater extraction.

[0030] 5. Unlike traditional solar distillers that use sunlight to heat and evaporate seawater as a whole (the solar energy conversion efficiency is generally less than 45%), this invention uses a special structural design to heat and evaporate only the air / surface water interface, thereby increasing the solar energy conversion efficiency to over 80%. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a top-down exploded view of the various parts of the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the structure of the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a photograph of a water-salt separation and extraction product applied to the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a photograph of a salt-resistant evaporator used in the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the evaporation performance of the solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention and a conventional asymmetric evaporation device;

[0037] Wherein: 10 - water transport part of light and heat, 11 - water absorption line, 12 - light and heat conversion surface, 13 - water transmission line of light and heat, 14 - left end of light and heat conversion surface, 15 - right end of light and heat conversion surface, 20 - water supply part of light and heat, 21 - water absorption line of water supply, 22 - water evaporation surface of water supply, 23 - left end of water evaporation surface of water supply, 24 - right end of water evaporation surface of water supply, 30 - floating heat insulation part I, 40 - salt extraction part of light and heat, 41 - water absorption line of salt extraction, 42 - salt extraction conversion surface, 43 - left end of salt extraction conversion surface, 44 - right end of salt extraction conversion surface, 50 - guide salt accumulation part, 51 - guide horizontal part, 52 - guide bending part, 53 - guide bending angle, 60 - support part, 61 - support horizontal part, 62 - support bending part, 63 - support bending angle, 70 - floating heat insulation part II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples, which are intended to explain but not limit the application.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the application is a solar energy evaporator with controllable ion transport direction, which comprises, from left to right and from top to bottom, water transport part of light and heat 10, water supply part of light and heat 20, floating heat insulation part I 30, salt extraction part of light and heat 40, guide salt accumulation part 50, support part 60, and floating heat insulation part II 70.

[0040] The water transport part of light and heat 10 comprises water absorption line 11, light and heat conversion surface 12, and water transmission line of light and heat 13. The light and heat conversion surface 12 is horizontally arranged on the surface of the material and converts solar energy into heat energy. The water absorption line 11 is connected with the left end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface and inserted into water. The water absorption line 11 and the light and heat conversion surface 12 present a 90° bending at the junction of the two. The water transmission line of light and heat 13 is connected with the right end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface and inserted into water. The light and heat conversion surface 12 and the water transmission line of light and heat 13 present a 90° bending at the junction of the two. The water transport part of light and heat is used for unidirectional transport of water and salt from the left end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface to the right end 15 of the light and heat conversion surface or from the right end 15 of the light and heat conversion surface to the left end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface. The width ratio of the left end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface to the right end 15 of the light and heat conversion surface is 10-0.1:1. The width of the left end 14 of the light and heat conversion surface to the right end 15 of the light and heat conversion surface changes continuously. The side edge of the light and heat conversion surface 12 is a smooth line segment or curve. The salt extraction conversion surface 42 is the same as above.

[0041] The light-heat water supply part 20 includes a water supply water absorbing line 21 and a water supply evaporation surface 22, which are consistent with the shape of the water absorbing line 11 and the light-heat conversion surface 12 on the upper layer, the water supply evaporation surface 22 is the same as the light-heat conversion surface 12 in shape and orientation and closely adheres to the lower, the water supply water absorbing line 21 is inserted into the water as the water absorbing line 11 to enhance the water transmission capacity, the water supply evaporation surface 22 transmits water to the light-heat conversion surface 12 to evaporate, the left end 23 of the water supply evaporation surface is connected with the water supply water absorbing line 21, and the right end 24 of the water supply evaporation surface is in contact with the right end 15 of the light-heat conversion surface; the water supply water absorbing line 21 and the water supply evaporation surface 22 are 90° bent at the junction.

[0042] The floating heat insulation part I 30 is connected to the horizontal part bottom of the light-heat water supply part 20, which is used to float the left side of the device on the water surface and to insulate heat.

[0043] The light-heat salt extraction part 40 includes a salt extraction water absorbing line 41 and a salt extraction conversion surface 42, the salt extraction water absorbing line 41 is in contact with the light-heat water transmission line 13 for one-way water transmission, the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is horizontally arranged on the material surface and converts solar energy into heat energy, and the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface is connected with the salt extraction water absorbing line 41; the length of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is the same, and the shape and orientation can be different.

[0044] The guiding salt accumulation part 50 includes a guiding horizontal part 51 and a guiding bent part 52, the guiding horizontal part 51 is the same as the salt extraction conversion surface 42 in shape and orientation and closely adheres to the lower, which is used to transmit water to the salt extraction conversion surface 42 to evaporate, the guiding bent part 52 is connected with the guiding horizontal part 51, the guiding bend angle 53 between the guiding horizontal part 51 and the guiding bent part 52 is 90-180°, and the salt concentration reaches saturation in the guiding bent part 52 to precipitate;

[0045] The supporting part 60 includes a supporting horizontal part 61 and a supporting bent part 62, the supporting horizontal part 61 is connected below the guiding horizontal part 51, the supporting bent part 62 is connected below the guiding bent part 52, which plays a supporting role to avoid the guiding salt accumulation part 50 from falling off, and is also used to guide the salt to deposit further away from the device; the supporting bent part 62 needs to closely adhere to the guiding bent part 52, so the supporting bend angle 63 between the supporting horizontal part 61 and the supporting bent part 62 is also 90-180°.

[0046] The floating heat insulation part II 70 is connected to the bottom of the supporting horizontal part 61, which is used to float the right side of the device on the surface and to insulate heat.

[0047] The light-heat water transporting part 10, the light-heat water supplying part 20, the light-heat salt extracting part 40 and the guiding salt accumulating part 50 are all made of porous fiber cloth with capillary water absorption. The porous fiber cloth includes hydrophilic coconut shell cloth, non-woven cloth, cotton cloth, hemp cloth, chemical fiber cloth, felt cloth or foam. The light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extracting conversion surface 42 are made of the porous fiber cloth of the part, heated carbonized or loaded with light-heat material on the porous fiber cloth; the light-heat material includes black polymer paint, carbon-based material, inorganic semiconductor material or noble metal nanoparticles. The supporting part 60 is a flat plate of salt corrosion resistant material; the floating heat insulation part I 30 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, phenolic resin foam or wood.

[0048] The water absorbing line 11, the light-heat water transporting line 13, the water supplying and absorbing line 21, the salt extracting and absorbing line 41 and the guiding bending part 52 are all rectangular in shape, the length of the water absorbing line 11, the light-heat water transporting line 13, the water supplying and absorbing line 21 and the salt extracting and absorbing line 41 are consistent, the length ratio of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extracting conversion surface 42 is 100-1:1, and the width is consistent with the width of the end of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extracting conversion surface 42 connected or contacted. The water absorbing line 11, 21, 13 and 41 is inserted into the same container I for water supply, in the salt resistance mode, the guiding bending part 52 is inserted into another container II for water supply, both containers are filled with water, and the salt water concentration can be the same or different, forming a one-way ion transport in the direction of 21-13-41-52, thereby resisting salt precipitation; in the salt extraction mode, the guiding bending part 52 is not lower than the liquid level in the container I, and the container II is empty, forming a one-way ion transport in the direction of 21-13-41-52, and the salt ion concentration is saturated and precipitated at 52.

[0049] In use, the light-heat water transporting part 10, the light-heat water supplying part 20 and the floating heat insulation part I 30 are stacked on the left side, and the light-heat salt extracting part 40, the guiding salt accumulating part 50, the supporting part 60 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are stacked on the right side. The water absorbing line 11, the light-heat water transporting line 13, the water supplying and absorbing line 21 and the salt extracting and absorbing line 41 are inserted into water, and the light-heat water transporting line 13 and the salt extracting and absorbing line 41 are connected on the left side and the right side of the device. The water and salt transport direction is the left end of the light-heat conversion surface 14-the right end of the light-heat conversion surface 15-the left end of the salt extracting conversion surface 43-the right end of the salt extracting conversion surface 44.

[0050] Water continuously evaporates on the surface of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extracting conversion surface 42, so that the salt gradually reaches saturation during transportation, and finally deposits in the guiding bending part 52, and continuously deposits further away from the device through the supporting bending part 62.

[0051] The test method of each embodiment is as follows: a 300W xenon lamp (CEL-HXF300-T3, Beijing Zhongjiao Jin Yuan Technology Co., Ltd.) equipped with an AM 1.5G filter is used to simulate a solar light source, a balance is used to weigh the water evaporation amount in real time, and after evaporation is completed, the extracted salt mass is collected and weighed, so as to calculate the salt / water extraction ratio.

[0052] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] Coconut shell cloth is used as a porous fiber cloth to make the entire device. One side of the coconut shell cloth is pressed on a hot plate, and after carbonization at 375℃ for 3 minutes, a light-heat conversion surface 12 and a salt extraction conversion surface 42 are obtained. The width ratio of the left end 14 of the light-heat conversion surface to the right end 15 of the light-heat conversion surface is set to 3:1, and the side edges are line segments. The width ratio of the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface to the right end 44 of the salt extraction conversion surface is set to 1:3, and the side edges are line segments. The shape and area of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 are the same, and the placement mode is that the right end 15 of the light-heat conversion surface is opposite to the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface. The length ratio of the guide bending part 52 to the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 1.25:1, the length ratio of the water absorption line 11, the light-heat water transmission line 13, the water supply and water absorption line 21, the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 to the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 4:1. The guide bending angle 53 is 90°, and the support part 60 is made of an aluminum sheet bent by 90°. The floating heat insulation part I 30 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are polystyrene foam. The light-heat water supply part 20 and the floating heat insulation part I 30 made of coconut shell cloth are stacked on the left side, the light-heat salt extraction part 40, the guide salt accumulation part 50 and the support part 60 made of coconut shell cloth, and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are stacked on the right side, and the light-heat water transmission line 13 and the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are connected to the left side and the right side of the device, so that a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction is obtained. Salt extraction mode: container I is filled with water, container II is not filled with water, water absorption line 11, water supply and water absorption line 21, light-heat water transmission line 13 and salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are inserted into the same container I for water supply, and the guide bending part 52 is downward and not lower than the liquid level in the container I.

[0055] As shown in Figure 4 Fig. 1, the salt ion transport direction controllable solar evaporator of example 1 works in salt extraction mode, and under the condition of 4 times standard solar intensity and 16wt% sea salt solution, 48 hours of continuous evaporation and salt extraction without interruption still does not block the evaporation surface, the salt solid is deposited and collected in the expected set area, and the salt / water extraction ratio is about 16wt%, which shows that the device can separate water and salt at the same concentration (same as the original water sample concentration), realize zero discharge of high-salt wastewater, and work stably for a long time.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] The coconut shell cloth is used as the porous fiber cloth to make the whole device. One side of the coconut shell cloth is pressed on the hot plate, and the photo-thermal conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 are obtained after carbonization at 350℃ for 5 minutes. The width ratio of the left end 14 of the photo-thermal conversion surface to the right end 15 of the photo-thermal conversion surface is 3:1, and the side is a line segment. The width ratio of the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface to the right end 44 of the salt extraction conversion surface is 1:3, and the side is a line segment. The shape and area of the photo-thermal conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 are the same, and the placing mode is that the right end 15 of the photo-thermal conversion surface is opposite to the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface. The length ratio of the guide bending part 52, the water absorption line 11, the photo-thermal water transmission line 13, the water supply and water absorption line 21, the salt extraction and water absorption line 41, and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 4:1. The guide bending angle is 90°, the floating heat insulation part I 30 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are polystyrene foam, and the area of the floating heat insulation part II 70 is increased to replace the support part 60. The photo-thermal water supply part 20 and the floating heat insulation part I 30 made of coconut shell cloth are stacked on the left side, the photo-thermal salt extraction part 40, the guide salt accumulation part 50 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 made of coconut shell cloth are stacked on the right side, and the photo-thermal water transmission line 13 and the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are connected to the left side and the right side of the device to obtain a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction. Anti-salt mode: containers I and II are filled with water, the water absorption line 11, the water supply and water absorption line 21, the photo-thermal water transmission line 13, and the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are inserted into the same container I for water supply, and the guide bending part 52 is inserted into the container II for water supply.

[0058] The salt ion transport direction controllable solar evaporator of example 2 works in anti-salt mode, and after 48 hours of continuous evaporation under the condition of 4 times standard solar intensity and 16% sea salt solution, the evaporation surface is still not blocked, and long-term stable work is realized, such as Figure 5 The salt ion transport direction controllable solar evaporator and the evaporation performance comparison diagram of the conventional asymmetric evaporation device show that the evaporation quality curve of the present application remains linear, indicating that the evaporation rate remains unchanged, while the evaporation quality curve of the conventional symmetric evaporation device decays exponentially, which is caused by the continuous reduction of evaporation rate due to salt blockage of the device, such as Figure 6 .

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] The whole device is made of porous fiber cloth with melamine foam. CuS semiconductor is grown on the melamine foam to obtain the photo-thermal conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42. The width ratio of the left end 14 of the photo-thermal conversion surface to the right end 15 of the photo-thermal conversion surface is set to 2:1, and the side is a line segment. The width ratio of the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface to the right end 44 of the salt extraction conversion surface is set to 1:2, and the side is a line segment. The shape and area of the photo-thermal conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 are the same, and the placement mode is that the right end 15 of the photo-thermal conversion surface is opposite to the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface. The length ratio of the guide bending part 52 to the length of the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 1.5:1, and the length ratio of the water absorption line 11, the photo-thermal water transmission line 13, the water supply and absorption line 21, the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 to the length of the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 6:1. The guide bending angle is 120°, and the support part 60 is made of iron sheet bent by 120°. The floating heat insulation part I 30 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are polystyrene foam. The photo-thermal water supply part 10, the photo-thermal water supply part 20 and the floating heat insulation part I 30 are stacked on the left side, the photo-thermal salt extraction part 40, the guide salt accumulation part 50 and the support part 60, and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are stacked on the right side, the photo-thermal water transmission line 13 and the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are connected to the left side of the device and the right side of the device, and a solar evaporator with controllable salt ion transport direction is obtained. Salt extraction mode: container I is filled with water, container II is not filled with water, water absorption line 11, water supply and absorption line 21, photo-thermal water transmission line 13, salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are inserted into the same container I for water supply, and the guide bending part 52 is downwardly not lower than the liquid level in the container I.

[0061] Example 4:

[0062] Cotton cloth is used as porous fiber cloth to make the whole device. Carbon powder is loaded on the cotton cloth to obtain the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42. The width ratio of the left end 14 of the light-heat conversion surface to the right end 15 of the light-heat conversion surface is 1:3, and the side edges are smooth arcs. The width ratio of the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface to the right end 44 of the salt extraction conversion surface is 1:3, and the side edges are smooth arcs. The shape and area of the light-heat conversion surface 12 and the salt extraction conversion surface 42 are the same, and the placement mode is that the right end 15 of the light-heat conversion surface is opposite to the left end 43 of the salt extraction conversion surface. The length ratio of the guide bending part 52 to the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 2:1, and the length ratio of the water absorption line 11, the light-heat water transmission line 13, the water supply and absorption line 21, the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 to the salt extraction conversion surface 42 is 5:1. The guide bending angle is 180°, and the support part 60 is made of copper sheet bent by 180°. The floating heat insulation part I 30 and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are wood. The light-heat water supply part 10, the light-heat water supply part 20 and the floating heat insulation part I 30 are stacked on the left side, the light-heat salt extraction part 40, the guide salt accumulation part 50 and the support part 60, and the floating heat insulation part II 70 are stacked on the right side, the light-heat water transmission line 13 and the salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are connected to the left side of the device and the right side of the device, and a salt ion transport direction controllable solar evaporator is obtained. Anti-salt mode: container I and container II are filled with water, water absorption line 11, water supply and absorption line 21, light-heat water transmission line 13, salt extraction and water absorption line 41 are inserted into the same container I for water supply, and guide bending part 52 is inserted into container II for water supply.

[0063] As can be seen from the above embodiment, the salt ion transport direction controllable solar evaporator of the application has two uses of anti-salt and salt extraction. When two containers are supplied with water, it is an anti-salt mode, that is, salt ions flow back to the lower water body and do not cover the evaporator. Figure 3 When the left container is supplied with water, it is a salt extraction mode, and salt can be precipitated as a solid from the right.

Claims

1. A solar evaporator with controllable direction of salt ion transport, characterized in that: The device comprises a photothermal conversion part and a salt extraction conversion part. The photothermal conversion part comprises a photothermal water conveying part (10), a photothermal water supplying part (20) and a floating heat insulation part I (30) laid in order from top to bottom; the photothermal water conveying part (10) comprises a water absorbing line (11), a photothermal conversion surface (12) and a photothermal water conveying line (13), the photothermal conversion surface (12) is horizontally arranged on the surface of the material and converts solar energy into heat energy, the water absorbing line (11) is connected with the left end (14) of the photothermal conversion surface and inserted into water, the photothermal water conveying line (13) is connected with the right end (14) of the photothermal conversion surface and inserted into water, the photothermal water conveying part is used for unidirectional water and salt transportation from the left end (14) of the photothermal conversion surface to the right end (15) of the photothermal conversion surface or from the right end (15) of the photothermal conversion surface to the left end (14) of the photothermal conversion surface; The photothermal water supplying part (20) comprises a water supplying water absorbing line (21) and a water supplying evaporation surface (22), the water supplying water absorbing line (21) and the water supplying evaporation surface (22) are consistent with the shape of the corresponding water absorbing line (11) and photothermal conversion surface (12) in the upper layer respectively, the left end (23) of the water supplying evaporation surface is connected with the water supplying water absorbing line (21), the right end (24) of the water supplying evaporation surface is in contact with the right end (15) of the photothermal conversion surface, the water supplying water absorbing line (21) is inserted into water like the water absorbing line (11) to enhance the water conveying capacity, the water supplying evaporation surface (22) evaporates water to the photothermal conversion surface (12); the floating heat insulation part I (30) is connected at the bottom of the horizontal part of the photothermal water supplying part (20) and is used for floating the left side of the device on the water surface and insulating heat; The salt extraction conversion part comprises a photothermal salt extraction part (40), a salt accumulation guiding part (50), a supporting part (60) and a floating heat insulation part II (70) laid in order from top to bottom; the photothermal salt extraction part (40) comprises a salt extraction water absorbing line (41) and a salt extraction conversion surface (42), the salt extraction conversion surface (42) is horizontally arranged on the surface of the material and converts solar energy into heat energy, the left end (43) of the salt extraction conversion surface is connected with the salt extraction water absorbing line (41), the salt extraction water absorbing line (41) is in contact with the photothermal water conveying line (13) to convey water unidirectionally; The salt accumulation guiding part (50) comprises a guiding horizontal part (51) and a guiding bent part (52), the guiding horizontal part (51) is consistent with the shape of the salt extraction conversion surface (42) in the upper layer and is used for evaporating water to the salt extraction conversion surface (42), the guiding bent part (52) is connected with the guiding horizontal part (51), and the salt concentration reaches saturation in the guiding bent part (52) to precipitate; The supporting part (60) comprises a supporting horizontal part (61) and a supporting bent part (62), the supporting horizontal part (61) is connected below the guiding horizontal part (51), and the supporting bent part (62) is connected below the guiding bent part (52); the floating heat insulation part II (70) is connected at the bottom of the supporting horizontal part (61) and is used for floating the right side of the device on the surface and insulating heat.

2. The salt ion-transport direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein: The water absorption line (11) and the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) present a 90° bend at the junction of the two, the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) and the photo-thermal water transmission line (13) present a 90° bend at the junction of the two, the water supply water absorption line (21) and the water supply evaporation surface (22) present a 90° bend at the junction of the two.

3. The salt-ionic directionally controllable solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein: The guiding bend angle (53) between the guiding horizontal part (51) and the guiding bend part (52) is 90-180°.

4. The salt ion-transport-direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 3, wherein: The supporting bend part (62) is close to the guiding bend part (52) below, so the supporting bend angle (63) between the supporting horizontal part (61) and the supporting bend part (62) is also 90-180°.

5. The salt-ionic directionally controllable transport solar evaporator according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: The photo-thermal water transmission part (10), the photo-thermal water supply part (20), the photo-thermal salt extraction part (40) and the guiding salt accumulation part (50) are all composed of porous fiber cloth with capillary water absorption function.

6. The salt ion-transport-direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 5, wherein: The photo-thermal conversion surface (12) and the salt extraction conversion surface (42) are made of porous fiber cloth heated carbonization or loaded with photo-thermal materials on the porous fiber cloth; the photo-thermal materials include black polymer paint, carbon-based materials, inorganic semiconductor materials or noble metal nanoparticles.

7. The salt ion-transport-direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 6, wherein: The porous fiber cloth is hydrophilic coconut shell cloth, non-woven fabric, cotton cloth, linen cloth, chemical fiber cloth, felt cloth or foam; the supporting part (60) is a flat plate of salt corrosion resistant material; the floating heat insulation part I (30) and the floating heat insulation part II (70) are polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, phenolic resin foam or wood.

8. The salt ion-transport-direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein: The length of the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) and the salt extraction conversion surface (42) is the same, and the shape and orientation are different; the shape and orientation of the water supply evaporation surface (22) and the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) are the same and close below, and the shape and orientation of the guiding horizontal part (51) and the salt extraction conversion surface (42) are the same and close below; the width ratio of the left end (14) of the photo-thermal conversion surface to the right end (15) of the photo-thermal conversion surface is (10-0.1):1, the width of the left end (14) of the photo-thermal conversion surface to the right end (15) of the photo-thermal conversion surface changes continuously, and the side edge of the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) is a smooth line segment or curve; the width ratio of the right end (44) of the salt extraction conversion surface to the left end (43) of the salt extraction conversion surface is (10-0.1):1, the width of the right end (44) of the salt extraction conversion surface to the left end (43) of the salt extraction conversion surface changes continuously, and the side edge of the salt extraction conversion surface (42) is a smooth line segment or curve.

9. The salt ion-transport-direction-controllable solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein: The shape of the water absorption line (11), the photo-thermal water transmission line (13), the water supply water absorption line (21), the salt extraction water absorption line (41) and the guiding bend part (52) is rectangular, the length of the water absorption line (11), the photo-thermal water transmission line (13), the water supply water absorption line (21) and the salt extraction water absorption line (41) is consistent, and the length ratio of the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) and the salt extraction conversion surface (42) is (100-1):1, and the width is consistent with the end width of the photo-thermal conversion surface (12) and the salt extraction conversion surface (42) connected or contacted.

10. The method of using a solar evaporator with controllable direction of salt ion transport according to claim 1, wherein: It includes salt resistance mode and salt extraction mode. In the anti-salt mode, the container I and container II are filled with salt water with the same or different salt water concentration; the water absorption line (11), the water supply and water absorption line (21), the light heat water transmission line (13), and the salt extraction water absorption line (41) are inserted into the same container I for water supply, the guide bending part (52) is inserted into the other container II for water supply, forming a one-way ion transport in the direction of the water supply and water absorption line (21)-the light heat water transmission line (13)-the salt extraction water absorption line (41)-the guide bending part (52), thereby resisting salt precipitation, and the water in the two containers is continuously evaporated without blocking the evaporation surface; In the salt extraction mode, the container I is filled with salt water, and the container II is empty; the water absorption line (11), the water supply and water absorption line (21), the light heat water transmission line (13), and the salt extraction water absorption line (41) are inserted into the same container I for water supply, the guide bending part (52) is inserted into the other container II downward not lower than the liquid level in the container I, forming a one-way ion transport in the direction of the water supply and water absorption line (21)-the light heat water transmission line (13)-the salt extraction water absorption line (41)-the guide bending part (52), and the salt ion concentration is saturated and precipitated in the guide bending part (52), realizing water and salt separation.

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