A waterproof and drainage composite board for an arc-shaped underground engineering lining and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a waterproof and drainage combined plate for an arc-shaped underground engineering lining and a construction method thereof, which comprises a plurality of arc-shaped waterproof and drainage plate units closely arranged along an arch of the arc-shaped underground engineering, and fixing assemblies are arranged between adjacent waterproof and drainage plate units, both ends of the waterproof and drainage plate units are fixed on the arch by the fixing assemblies, and both sides of the waterproof and drainage plate units are further fixed on arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground engineering by steel bars. Advantages include: the problems of long construction period, poor waterproof and drainage effect guarantee, hollow space between linings, waterproof cloth collapse and high cost can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering technology, and more particularly to drainage and waterproofing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Existing arched underground engineering projects, such as semi-circular cross-section tunnels for roads, require the installation of fixed blind pipes and the nailing of rubber waterproof fabric on the entire tunnel arch surface after the initial support and before the secondary lining to achieve the purpose of waterproofing and drainage. The existing waterproofing and drainage methods and materials have long construction time. During the installation of secondary lining reinforcement, the blind pipes are prone to displacement, the waterproof fabric is easily punctured, and the overlap joints are prone to detachment and opening. During the pouring of secondary lining concrete, the waterproof fabric is also prone to collapse. This not only prolongs the construction period and does not guarantee the waterproofing and drainage effect, but also easily causes voids between the linings, affecting the structural safety of the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waterproof and drainage composite board for the lining of arc-shaped underground engineering and its installation method, so as to solve the problems of easy puncture of waterproof cloth, easy detachment and opening of overlapping joints, easy displacement of blind pipes, collapse of waterproof cloth, and voids in the lining in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A waterproof and drainage composite panel for lining an arc-shaped underground project includes multiple arc-shaped waterproof and drainage panel units arranged longitudinally along the arc-shaped underground project and closely attached to the arch wall. A fixing component is provided between adjacent waterproof and drainage panel units. The two ends of the waterproof and drainage panel units are fixed to the arch wall by the fixing component. The two sides of the waterproof and drainage panel units are also fixed to the arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground project by steel bars.

[0006] Furthermore, the drainage board unit includes a fireproof sponge layer and a waterproof carbon crystal board layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the fireproof sponge layer is made of fireproof sponge with a hardening of 70° or higher, and the waterproof carbon crystal board layer is made of rough frosted carbon crystal board, with the fireproof sponge layer closely attached to the arch wall.

[0008] The fireproof sponge layer is 2cm thick;

[0009] The thickness of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer is 2cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes a fixing rubber ring and a cement nail. One side of the fixing rubber ring has a front mounting position that matches the front drainage board unit, and the other side has a rear mounting position that matches the rear drainage board unit. The fixing rubber ring has an opening groove along the arc length of the drainage board unit, and the opening groove has a mounting hole that penetrates the fixing rubber ring and matches the fixing nail. The mounting hole is located between the front mounting position and the rear mounting position.

[0011] The retaining ring is fixed to the arch wall by fixing nails;

[0012] Waterproof adhesive is applied between the waterproof and drainage board unit and the fixing ring.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof and drainage board unit includes a long board and a short board. One side of the long board and one side of the short board are reserved with an overlap area. The overlap areas of the long board and the short board are joined together to form an overlap and fitting part.

[0014] The fixing rubber ring includes area A, which matches the non-overlapping area of ​​the long plate; area B, which matches the overlapping and fitting part; and area C, which matches the non-overlapping area of ​​the short plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the overlapping area of ​​the long plate is an L-shaped recess located on the lower surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate, and the overlapping surface of the L-shaped recess is provided with triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the long plate.

[0016] The overlapping area of ​​the short board is formed by an L-shaped notch on the upper surface of the waterproof carbon crystal board layer of the short board and a fireproof sponge layer of the short board. The vertical surface of the L-shaped notch is flush with the fireproof sponge layer of the short board, and the overlapping surface of the L-shaped notch is provided with triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the short board.

[0017] When the triangular toothed locking pattern of the long plate and the triangular toothed locking pattern of the short plate are matched, the long plate and the short plate are locked together to form a complete waterproof unit. The gap between the overlapping areas of the long plate and the overlapping areas of the short plate is coated with sealant.

[0018] Furthermore, at the front end of the non-overlapping area of ​​the long board, the waterproof carbon crystal board layer protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer. The rear mounting position of the fixing ring A area is provided with a first rear waterproof carbon crystal board layer recess that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal board layer that protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer. At the rear end of the non-overlapping area of ​​the long board, the waterproof carbon crystal board layer is flush with the fireproof sponge layer. The area of ​​the fireproof sponge layer near the waterproof carbon crystal board layer is provided with an L-shaped concave corner. The front mounting position of the fixing ring A area is provided with a front waterproof carbon crystal board layer recess that matches the waterproof carbon crystal board layer, as well as an L-shaped notch that matches the fireproof sponge layer. The area between the front waterproof carbon crystal board layer recess and the L-shaped notch matches the L-shaped concave corner.

[0019] At the front end of the overlapping and fitting part, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate protrude more than the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, and are flush with each other. The fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are also flush with each other. The rear installation position of the fixing ring B area is provided with a second rear waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate that protrudes more than the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate.

[0020] At the rear end of the overlapping and fitting part, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate, the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate, and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are all flush. The area of ​​the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the area of ​​the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate are all provided with upper notches. The area of ​​the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate near the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the area of ​​the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate near the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are all provided with lower notches. The upper and lower notches form a T-shaped groove, the bottom of which is wider than the opening. The front mounting position of the fixing rubber ring B area is provided with a front mounting recess that matches the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate, and a front mounting slot that matches the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate. The area between the front mounting recess and the front mounting slot is a T-shaped protrusion that matches the T-shaped groove.

[0021] At both ends of the non-overlapping area of ​​the short board, the waterproof carbon crystal board layer protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer. The front and rear mounting positions of the fixing ring C area are provided with a third waterproof carbon crystal board layer recess that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal board layer at both ends of the non-overlapping area of ​​the short board that protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer.

[0022] Furthermore, the surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer near the fireproof sponge layer is provided with drainage-aiding grooves along the arc length direction. Multiple drainage-aiding grooves are arranged longitudinally at intervals on this surface. The cross-section of the drainage-aiding grooves is arc-shaped, V-shaped, or trapezoidal. The surface of the fireproof sponge layer near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer is provided with protrusions that match the drainage-aiding grooves.

[0023] This invention also provides a construction method for a waterproof and drainage composite panel for the lining of an arc-shaped underground engineering project, the process of which is as follows:

[0024] Steel bars are driven into the arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground project for fixation. After the long plate of the front waterproofing unit is inserted into the arch foot and steel bar on one side of the arc-shaped underground project, it is pressed against the wall and pressed tightly against the arch wall. The fireproof cotton material of the long plate will form a hook and stick with the rough arch wall. Then, the fixing rubber ring is installed and the fixing rubber ring is nailed to the arch wall with cement nails.

[0025] After the short plate of the front waterproofing unit is inserted into the arch foot and steel reinforcement gap on the other side of the arc-shaped underground project, the short plate is inserted into the fixing rubber ring, and the overlap area of ​​the short plate is moved to the overlap area of ​​the long plate according to the construction arc length. The triangular toothed locking pattern of the long plate and the triangular toothed locking pattern of the short plate are fitted and locked. The short plate also uses the bending pressure of the plate to tightly adhere the fireproof cotton material to the arch wall.

[0026] The long plate of the rear drainage unit is inserted into the arch foot, the steel reinforcement, and the rear installation position of the fixing rubber ring on one side of the arc-shaped underground project. Then, the rear drainage unit is installed with reference to the process of installing the front drainage unit.

[0027] Furthermore, waterproof adhesive is injected into the front mounting position and the rear mounting position before or after installing the long plate and the short plate, and sealant is applied to the gap between the overlapping areas of the long plate and the overlapping areas of the short plate.

[0028] The advantages of this invention include:

[0029] 1. Solves the problems of long construction period and poor waterproofing and drainage effect: It can be industrially molded and produced, quickly assembled on site, and installation does not require electricity. It consumes little labor and energy. The fireproof sponge material is porous and permeable with its own drainage function, while the waterproof carbon crystal board material is impermeable. It can achieve the purpose of waterproofing and drainage without the need to install blind pipes.

[0030] 2. Solving the problem of voids between linings: The waterproof and drainage composite board does not require nailing or pasting. Through the elasticity of the board and the hooking and bonding of the fireproof sponge material with the arch wall, it can tightly press the arch wall and lining surface, and the probability of voids appearing throughout the process is extremely low.

[0031] 3. Solve the problem of waterproof cloth collapse during the secondary lining concrete pouring process: The overall structure is strong, and the stress of the arch formed by the slab itself is close to the arch wall, so there will be no collapse during the concrete pouring process.

[0032] 4. It can be industrially produced and processed to a fixed size. The overlapping surface of the long plate and the overlapping surface of the short plate to the L-shaped concave position can be reserved with a length of 1-2m. It is equipped with triangular toothed locking pattern for the long plate and triangular toothed locking pattern for the short plate. The arc length after the long plate and the short plate overlap can be adjusted according to the size of the arch wall to adapt to a certain arc length variation surface.

[0033] 5. The drainage-aiding groove can accelerate drainage, allowing the water to flow into the arch foot drainage integrated blind pipe;

[0034] 6. Cost reduction: Compared with existing technologies, the overall cost of labor, machinery and construction period is reduced by 12.58%, while the construction period and quality assurance are improved by 80%. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the arch foot reinforcement bars;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the installation of long and short planks;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the long board installation;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section after the front and rear drainage units are installed;

[0040] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the overlapping and fitting part after the long and short boards are joined together.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly structure of the waterproofing unit's long plate, short plate, and fixing rubber ring.

[0042] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of AA cross-section structure;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the fixed rubber ring in area A;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rear end of the non-overlapping section of the long plate;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of adjacent waterproofing and drainage units;

[0046] Figure 11 yes Figure 6 DD cross-sectional structural diagram;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the short-plate overlap area structure;

[0048] Figure 13 Is in Figure 5 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the adjacent waterproof and drainage unit structure at the BB section position, where E is the insertion position of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate and F is the insertion position of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate.

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the fixed rubber ring in area B;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structural section of the long plate overlap area.

[0051] Figure 16 yes Figure 6 CC cross-sectional structural diagram.

[0052] 1. Arch wall, 2. Reinforcing bar, 3. Long plate, 4. Fixing rubber ring, 41. Opening groove, 42. Mounting hole, 43. First rear waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess, 44. Front waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess, 45. L-shaped notch, 46. Area between front waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 44 and L-shaped notch 45, 47. Third waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess, 48. Second rear waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess, 49. Front mounting recess, 5. Short plate, 61. Fireproof sponge layer, 611. Overlap area of ​​short plate, 612. Protrusion, 613. L-shaped notch, 62. Waterproof carbon crystal plate layer, 62. Overlap area of ​​long plate, 6211. Vertical surface of L-shaped notch, 6212. T-shaped notch, 63. Upper notch, 631. Lower notch, 632. T-shaped protrusion, 633. Front mounting clip, 634. Drainage aid groove, 64. Sealant. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0054] like Figure 1-16 As shown, a waterproof and drainage composite panel for the lining of an arc-shaped underground project includes multiple arc-shaped waterproof and drainage panel units arranged longitudinally along the arc-shaped underground project and closely attached to the arch wall 1. A fixing component is provided between adjacent waterproof and drainage panel units. The two ends of the waterproof and drainage panel units are fixed to the arch wall 1 by the fixing component. The two sides of the waterproof and drainage panel units are also fixed to the arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground project by steel bars 2.

[0055] The waterproof and drainage board unit includes a fireproof sponge layer 61 and a waterproof carbon crystal board layer 62.

[0056] The fireproof sponge layer 61 is made of fireproof sponge with a hardening of 70° or higher, and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 is made of rough frosted carbon crystal plate. The fireproof sponge layer 61 is in close contact with the arch wall 1.

[0057] The fireproof sponge layer is 2cm thick;

[0058] The thickness of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer is 2cm.

[0059] The fixing assembly includes a fixing rubber ring 4 and a cement nail. The fixing rubber ring 4 has a front mounting position on one side that matches the front waterproofing and drainage board unit, and a rear mounting position on the other side that matches the rear waterproofing and drainage board unit. The fixing rubber ring 4 has an opening groove 41 along the arc length direction of the waterproofing and drainage board unit. The opening groove 41 has a mounting hole 42 that matches the fixing nail and penetrates the fixing rubber ring 4. The mounting hole 42 is located between the front mounting position and the rear mounting position.

[0060] The fixing ring 4 is fixed to the arch wall 1 by fixing nails;

[0061] Waterproof adhesive is applied between the waterproof and drainage board unit and the fixing ring 4.

[0062] The drainage board unit includes a long board 3 and a short board 5 to adapt to the non-fixed arc length of the excavation face. A 1-2m overlap area is reserved on one side of the long board 3 and one side of the short board 5. The overlap area 621 of the long board and the overlap area 611 of the short board overlap together to form an overlap and fitting part.

[0063] The fixing ring 4 includes an A area that matches the non-overlapping area of ​​the long plate, an B area that matches the overlapping and fitting part, and an C area that matches the non-overlapping area of ​​the short plate 5.

[0064] The overlapping area 621 of the long plate is an L-shaped recess on the lower surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long plate. The overlapping surface of the L-shaped recess is provided with triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the long plate.

[0065] The overlapping area 611 of the short board is composed of an L-shaped notch 6212 on the upper surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the short board 5 and a fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short board 5. The vertical surface 6211 of the L-shaped notch is flush with the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short board 5, and the overlapping surface of the L-shaped notch 6212 is provided with triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the short board.

[0066] After the triangular toothed locking pattern of the long plate and the triangular toothed locking pattern of the short plate are matched, the long plate 3 and the short plate 5 are locked together to form a complete waterproof unit. The gap between the overlapping area 621 of the long plate and the overlapping area 611 of the short plate is coated with sealant 7.

[0067] At the front end of the non-overlapping area of ​​the long board, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer 61. The rear mounting position of the fixing ring A area is provided with a first rear waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 43 that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 that protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer 61. At the rear end of the non-overlapping area of ​​the long board, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 is flush with the fireproof sponge layer 61. The area of ​​the fireproof sponge layer 61 near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 is provided with an L-shaped concave corner 613. The front mounting position of the fixing ring A area is provided with a front waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 44 that matches the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62, and an L-shaped notch 45 that matches the fireproof sponge layer 61. The area 46 between the front waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 44 and the L-shaped notch 45 matches the L-shaped concave corner 613.

[0068] At the front end of the overlapping and fitting part, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long plate 3 and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the short plate 5 protrude more than the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the long plate 3 and the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short plate 5, and are flush with each other. The fireproof sponge layer 61 of the long plate 3 and the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short plate 5 are also flush with each other. The rear mounting position of the fixing ring B area is provided with a second rear waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 48 that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long plate 3 and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the short plate 5 that protrudes more than the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the long plate 3 and the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short plate 3.

[0069] At the rear end of the overlapping and fitting part, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long plate 3, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the short plate 5, the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the long plate 3, and the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short plate 5 are flush. The areas of the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the long plate 3 near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 and the areas of the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short plate 5 near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 61 are all provided with upper notches 631. The areas of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long plate 3 near the fireproof sponge layer 61 and the areas of the fireproof sponge layer 62 of the short plate 5 near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 61 are also provided with upper notches 631. The area near the fireproof sponge layer 61 of the short board 5 is provided with a lower notch 632. The upper notch 631 and the lower notch 632 form a T-groove 63, the bottom of which is wider than the opening. The front mounting position of the fixing ring B area is provided with a front mounting recess 49 that matches the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the long board 3 and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 of the short board 5, and a front mounting clip 634 that matches the fireproof sponge layer of the long board and the fireproof sponge layer of the short board. The area between the front mounting recess 49 and the front mounting clip 634 is a T-shaped protrusion 633 that matches the T-groove 63.

[0070] At both ends of the non-overlapping area of ​​the short board, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 protrudes beyond the fireproof sponge layer 61. The front and rear mounting positions of the fixing ring C area are provided with a third waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess 47 that matches the part of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 at both ends of the non-overlapping area of ​​the short board that protrudes beyond the part of the fireproof sponge layer 61 at both ends.

[0071] The surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 near the fireproof sponge layer 61 is provided with drainage-aiding grooves 64 along the arc length direction. Multiple drainage-aiding grooves 64 are arranged longitudinally at intervals of 10-30cm to assist drainage to the arch foot drainage blind pipe. The drainage-aiding grooves 64 have an arc-shaped, V-shaped or trapezoidal cross section. The surface of the fireproof sponge layer 61 near the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer 62 is provided with protrusions 612 that match the drainage-aiding grooves 64.

[0072] This invention also provides a construction method for a waterproof and drainage composite panel for the lining of an arc-shaped underground engineering project, the process of which is as follows:

[0073] Reinforcing bars 2 are driven into the arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground project for fixation. After the long plate 3 of the front waterproofing unit is inserted between the arch foot and the reinforcing bars 2 on one side of the arc-shaped underground project, it is pressed against the wall and pressed tightly against the arch wall 1. The fireproof cotton material of the long plate 3 will form a hook and stick with the rough arch wall 1. Then, the fixing rubber ring 4 is installed and the fixing rubber ring 4 is nailed to the arch wall 1 with cement nails.

[0074] After the short plate 5 of the front waterproofing unit is inserted into the arch foot and steel bar 2 on the other side of the arc-shaped underground project, the short plate 5 is inserted into the fixing ring 4, and the overlap area 611 of the short plate is moved to the overlap area 621 of the long plate according to the construction arc length. The triangular toothed locking pattern of the long plate and the triangular toothed locking pattern of the short plate are fitted and locked. The short plate 5 also uses the bending pressure of the plate to tightly adhere the fireproof cotton material to the arch wall 1.

[0075] The long plate 3 of the rear drainage unit is inserted into the arch foot, the steel bar 2, and the rear installation position of the fixing ring 4 on one side of the arc-shaped underground project. Then, the rear drainage unit is installed with reference to the process of installing the front drainage unit.

[0076] Waterproof adhesive is injected at the front and rear installation positions before or after the installation of the long plate 3 and short plate 5. Sealant 7 is applied to the gap between the overlap area 621 of the long plate and the overlap area 611 of the short plate. Finally, the secondary lining reinforcement is tied and the secondary lining concrete is poured.

[0077] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for helping to understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof and drainage composite panel for arched underground engineering lining, characterized in that: a plurality of arc-shaped waterproof and drainage panel units closely attached to arches are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the arched underground engineering, a fixing assembly is arranged between adjacent waterproof and drainage panel units, both ends of the waterproof and drainage panel unit are fixed on the arches through the fixing assembly, and both sides of the waterproof and drainage panel unit are further fixed on the arch feet on both sides of the arched underground engineering through steel bars; the waterproof and drainage panel unit comprises a fireproof sponge layer and a waterproof carbon crystal panel layer; the fixing assembly comprises a fixing rubber ring and a cement nail, one side of the fixing rubber ring is provided with a front mounting position matched with the front waterproof and drainage panel unit, the other side of the fixing rubber ring is provided with a rear mounting position matched with the rear waterproof and drainage panel unit, an open slot is arranged on the fixing rubber ring along the arc length direction of the waterproof and drainage panel unit, the open slot is provided with a mounting hole penetrating through the fixing rubber ring and matched with the cement nail, and the mounting hole is located between the front mounting position and the rear mounting position; the fixing rubber ring is fixed on the arches through the cement nail; waterproof glue is applied between the waterproof and drainage panel unit and the fixing rubber ring; the waterproof and drainage panel unit comprises a long plate and a short plate, a lap joint area is reserved on one side of the long plate and one side of the short plate, and the lap joint area of the long plate and the lap joint area of the short plate are lap jointed together to form a lap joint fitting part; the fixing rubber ring comprises an A area matched with the non-lap joint area of the long plate, a B area matched with the lap joint fitting part, and a C area matched with the non-lap joint area of the short plate; the lap joint area of the long plate is an L-shaped recess position arranged on the lower surface of the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the long plate, the lap joint surface of the L-shaped recess position is provided with long plate triangular tooth-shaped locking threads, the lap joint area of the short plate is composed of an L-shaped recess position on the upper surface of the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the short plate and a fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, the vertical surface of the L-shaped recess position is flush with the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, and the lap joint surface of the L-shaped recess position is provided with short plate triangular tooth-shaped locking threads, the long plate triangular tooth-shaped locking threads and the short plate triangular tooth-shaped locking threads are matched together to lock and connect the long plate and the short plate together to form a complete waterproof and drainage unit, and the gap between the lap joint area of the long plate and the lap joint area of the short plate is coated with sealing glue; at the front end of the non-lap joint area of the long plate, the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer protrudes more than the fireproof sponge layer, the rear mounting position of the A area of the fixing rubber ring is provided with a first rear waterproof carbon crystal panel layer recess position matched with the part where the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer protrudes more than the fireproof sponge layer, at the rear end of the non-lap joint area of the long plate, the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer is flush with the fireproof sponge layer, the area close to the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the fireproof sponge layer is provided with an L-shaped recess corner, the front mounting position of the A area of the fixing rubber ring is provided with a front waterproof carbon crystal panel layer recess position matched with the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer and an L-shaped recess corner matched with the fireproof sponge layer, and the area between the front waterproof carbon crystal panel layer recess position and the L-shaped recess corner is matched with the L-shaped recess corner; at the front end of the lap joint fitting part, the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the short plate protrude more than the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the short plate are flush, and the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are flush, the rear mounting position of the B area of the fixing rubber ring is provided with a second rear waterproof carbon crystal panel layer recess position matched with the part where the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal panel layer of the short plate protrude more than the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ In the rear end of the overlap joint, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate, the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate, and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are flush, the area of the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate close to the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the area of the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate close to the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate are provided with upper notches, and the area of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate close to the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the area of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate close to the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate are provided with lower notches, the upper notches and the lower notches form T-shaped grooves, the groove bottom is wider than the groove opening, the front mounting position of the fixed rubber ring B area is provided with a front mounting recess position matched with the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the long plate and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the short plate, and a front mounting clamping position matched with the fireproof sponge layer of the long plate and the fireproof sponge layer of the short plate, and the area between the front mounting recess position and the front mounting clamping position is a T-shaped protrusion matched with the T-shaped groove; In the two ends of the non-overlapping area of the short plate, the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer protrudes more than the fireproof sponge layer, and the front mounting position and the rear mounting position of the fixed rubber ring C area are provided with third waterproof carbon crystal plate layer recess positions matched with the protruding positions of the two ends of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer of the non-overlapping area of the short plate compared with the two ends of the fireproof sponge layer.

2. The waterproof and drainage combined plate for arc-shaped underground engineering lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fireproof sponge layer adopts a hardened fireproof sponge with a hardness of 70° or above, and the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer adopts a rough ground carbon crystal plate, and the fireproof sponge layer is tightly attached to the arch; the thickness of the fireproof sponge layer is 2 cm; the thickness of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer is 2 cm.

3. The waterproof and drainage combined plate for arc-shaped underground engineering lining according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: a water drainage assisting groove is arranged on the surface of the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer close to the fireproof sponge layer along the arc length direction, a plurality of water drainage assisting grooves are arranged on the surface in a longitudinal direction, the cross section of the water drainage assisting groove is arc-shaped, V-shaped or trapezoidal, and a protrusion matched with the water drainage assisting groove is arranged on the surface of the fireproof sponge layer close to the waterproof carbon crystal plate layer.

4. A construction method of the waterproof and drainage combined plate for arc-shaped underground engineering lining according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the process is as follows: steel bars are fixed at the arch feet on both sides of the arc-shaped underground engineering, the long plate of the front waterproof and drainage unit is inserted between the arch feet and the steel bars on one side of the arc-shaped underground engineering, and is bent to tightly attach to the arch wall, the fireproof sponge material of the long plate is hooked and adhered to the rough arch wall, then the fixed rubber ring is installed, and the fixed rubber ring is nailed to the arch wall by using cement nails; the short plate of the front waterproof and drainage unit is inserted between the arch feet and the steel bars on the other side of the arc-shaped underground engineering, the short plate is inserted into the fixed rubber ring, and the overlapping area of the short plate is moved to the overlapping area of the long plate according to the construction arc length, the triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the long plate and the triangular tooth-shaped locking patterns of the short plate are embedded and locked, and the short plate also bends to tightly attach the fireproof sponge material to the arch wall by pressure; the long plate of the rear waterproof and drainage unit is inserted between the arch feet and the steel bars on one side of the arc-shaped underground engineering and the rear mounting position of the fixed rubber ring, and then the rear waterproof and drainage unit is installed by referring to the process of installing the front waterproof and drainage unit.

5. The construction method of the waterproof and drainage combined plate for arc-shaped underground engineering lining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front mounting position and the rear mounting position inject waterproof glue before or after mounting the long plate and the short plate, and the gap between the lap joint area of the long plate and the lap joint area of the short plate is coated with sealing glue.

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