A mechanized shelling device and processing method for crayfish processing

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of crayfish processing, and specifically relates to a mechanized shelling device and method for crayfish processing. The device includes an extrusion conveying device, a bottom attitude positioning device, a cutting and shelling device, and a power and control device. The extrusion conveying device includes a longitudinal roller group and a transverse roller group. The longitudinal roller group includes multiple pairs of longitudinal rollers, and all the longitudinal rollers are arranged in two parallel columns. The transverse roller group is composed of multiple transverse rollers, and the transverse rollers are located in the middle of the longitudinal roller group. The bottom attitude positioning device is composed of two horizontal circular shafts and an auxiliary device installed between the circular shafts. The auxiliary device is successively an attitude adjustment device, an attitude fixing plane, and a rotary cutter groove. The attitude adjustment device is composed of a horizontal baffle and multiple groups of elastic ropes above the baffle. The cutting and shelling device is composed of upper and lower rotary cutters, a pair of rough rollers, and a triangular sheller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of crayfish processing, and particularly relates to a mechanical shelling device for crayfish and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] There are still many processes in the crayfish processing that require a large amount of manual labor, especially the manual shelling process. This not only increases the labor cost but also limits the processing efficiency and output. Crayfish processing enterprises have been seeking mechanical shelling technologies for crayfish. However, the current mechanical pre-treatment technologies for crayfish are still very weak. The difficulties in the mechanical pre-treatment of crayfish lie in the fact that its morphological characteristics, shell hardness and other parameters are very different from those of other mature shrimps such as penaeid shrimps and macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the existing mature shrimp pre-treatment technologies cannot be directly referred to. The crayfish processing industry needs to develop a new type of mechanical shelling technology suitable for the morphological parameters of crayfish. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and thus provide a mechanical shelling device and method for crayfish processing. The present invention can complete the mechanical shelling process of crayfish after the decapitation process, providing technical support for further packaging or mechanical processing operations, and having high practical application value in the market.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A mechanical shelling device for crayfish processing includes an extrusion conveying device, a bottom attitude positioning device, a cutting and shelling device, and a power and control device. The power and control device is used to control the operation of the device and provide power.

[0006] Preferably, the extrusion conveying device includes a longitudinal roller group and a transverse roller group. The longitudinal roller group includes multiple pairs of longitudinal rollers. Every two longitudinal rollers are installed side by side in pairs, and all longitudinal rollers are arranged in two parallel columns. The distance between two longitudinally adjacent rollers is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail; the transverse roller group consists of multiple transverse rollers. The transverse rollers are located in the middle of the longitudinal roller group. The distance between the transverse rollers and the bottom attitude positioning device is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail; both the longitudinal roller group and the transverse roller group are driven to rotate by the power and control device. Along the crayfish conveying direction, the left longitudinal rollers of the crayfish rotate counterclockwise, the right longitudinal rollers of the crayfish rotate clockwise, and the transverse rollers rotate counterclockwise.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom attitude positioning device is installed below the longitudinal roller group and consists of two horizontal circular shafts and an auxiliary device installed between the circular shafts. Along the direction of crayfish transportation, the auxiliary device is successively an attitude adjustment device, an attitude fixing plane, and a rotary cutter groove. The attitude adjustment device consists of a horizontal baffle and multiple groups of elastic ropes above the baffle.

[0008] Preferably, the cutting and shelling device consists of two upper and lower rotary cutters, a pair of rough rollers, and a triangular sheller. Along the direction of crayfish transportation, the cutting and shelling device is located at the end of the longitudinal roller group. The difference between the rough rollers and other longitudinal rollers is that the surface is rough, generating greater friction when contacting the crayfish shell; the upper rotary cutter is installed behind the transverse roller, and the lower rotary cutter is located in the rotary cutter groove of the bottom attitude positioning device. The two upper and lower rotary cutters are vertically arranged, and the distance between the two cutters is slightly less than the height of the crayfish tail. The triangular sheller is approximately triangular in shape with an open top, and two parallel long strips extend from the open top and the ends are sharpened. The distance between the parallel tips is slightly less than the width of the crayfish tail and is used to insert into the left and right inner sides of the shrimp shell. The triangular sheller is installed behind the two upper and lower rotary cutters and in the middle of a pair of rough rollers.

[0009] A mechanized shelling method for crayfish processing includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) In the previous process, the crayfish that have been graded and had their heads removed enter the extrusion conveying device with their backs facing up, bellies facing down, and tails facing backward. The distance between the two parallel longitudinal rollers is slightly less than the width of the crayfish tail. When the crayfish tail is conveyed between the two longitudinal rollers, a horizontal squeezing force is generated, and the shrimp shell is horizontally squeezed and deformed; then the crayfish enters below the transverse roller. The distance between the transverse roller and the bottom attitude positioning device is slightly less than the height of the crayfish tail, and the crayfish receives a vertical squeezing force, and the shrimp shell is vertically squeezed and deformed; then the crayfish enters between the next group of longitudinal rollers again, and this cycle repeats. The crayfish shell is repeatedly squeezed and deformed in the horizontal and vertical directions, the adhesion between the shrimp meat and the shell is damaged, and the separation degree between the crayfish meat and the shell increases.

[0011] (2) While the crayfish is being repeatedly squeezed in the extrusion conveying device, the crayfish first contacts the elastic ropes in the bottom attitude positioning device with its belly facing down. As the roller rotates, the crayfish is conveyed forward. The bent tail of the crayfish hooks the elastic rope. As the crayfish continues to be conveyed forward, the bent tail of the crayfish is straightened and enters the attitude fixing plane area. Under the pressure of the transverse roller, the belly of the crayfish closely adheres to the attitude fixing plane and enters the cutting and shelling device in a straightened body posture.

[0012] (3)The body of the crayfish enters between the upper and lower rotating cutters in a straightened posture. After the upper and lower shrimp shells are cut open, the tip of the triangular shell remover is inserted into the inner walls on both sides of the shrimp shell. The shrimp shell moves along the outer edge of the triangular shell remover to both sides, contacts the rotating rough roller, and continues to separate to both sides under the drive of the rough roller until the shell and meat are completely separated. The shrimp shell falls to both sides, while the shrimp meat falls in the middle of the triangular shell remover.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1)The present invention can complete the mechanized shelling process of crayfish, improve the processing efficiency, provide technical guarantee for the mechanized processing operation of crayfish, and has high practical application value in the market.

[0015] (2)The present invention can make the crayfish shell be repeatedly squeezed and deformed in the horizontal and vertical directions, the adhesion between the shrimp shell and the shrimp meat is damaged, and the separation degree between the crayfish shrimp meat and the shrimp shell is increased.

[0016] (3)The bottom posture positioning device in the present invention can adjust and maintain the straightened posture of the crayfish body, and increase the shell cutting efficiency.

[0017] (4)In the cutting and shelling device of the present invention, the triangular shell remover and the rough roller form a clever cooperation to drive the separation of the cut shell and meat. Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanized shelling device for crayfish processing according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combination of longitudinal and transverse rollers in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom posture positioning device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a side view of the posture adjustment device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting and shelling device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of repeated extrusion of shrimp shells in the crayfish shelling step in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of posture adjustment and maintenance in the crayfish shelling step in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of shrimp shell detachment in the crayfish shelling step in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals: extrusion and conveying device 1, bottom posture positioning device 2, cutting and shelling device 3, power and control device 4, longitudinal roller 5, transverse roller 6, horizontal circular shaft 7, posture adjustment device 8, posture fixing plane 9, rotary cutter groove 10, horizontal baffle 11, elastic rope 12, upper rotary cutter 13, lower rotary cutter 14, rough roller 15, triangular sheller 16. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] As Figures 1 - 5 shown: A mechanized shelling device for crayfish processing includes an extrusion and conveying device 1, a bottom posture positioning device 2, a cutting and shelling device 3, and a power and control device 4. The power and control device 4 is used to control the operation of the device and provide power.

[0031] The extrusion and conveying device 1 includes a longitudinal roller group and a transverse roller group. The longitudinal roller group includes multiple pairs of longitudinal rollers 5. Every two longitudinal rollers 5 are installed in parallel pairs, and all longitudinal rollers 5 are arranged in two parallel columns. The distance between two longitudinally arranged and parallel longitudinal rollers 5 is slightly less than the width of the crayfish tail; the transverse roller group consists of multiple transverse rollers 6. The transverse rollers 6 are located in the middle of the longitudinal roller group. The distance between the transverse rollers 6 and the bottom posture positioning device 2 is slightly less than the height of the crayfish tail; both the longitudinal roller group and the transverse roller group are driven to rotate by the power and control device 4. Along the crayfish conveying direction, the left longitudinal roller 5 of the crayfish rotates counterclockwise, the right longitudinal roller 5 of the crayfish rotates clockwise, and the transverse roller 6 rotates counterclockwise.

[0032] Preferably, the bottom attitude positioning device 2 is installed below the longitudinal roller group and consists of two horizontal circular shafts 7 and an auxiliary device installed between the circular shafts. Along the direction of crayfish transportation, the auxiliary device is successively an attitude adjustment device 8, an attitude fixing plane 9, and a rotary cutter groove 10. The attitude adjustment device consists of a horizontal baffle 11 and multiple groups of elastic ropes 12 above the baffle.

[0033] Preferably, the cutting and shelling device consists of an upper rotary cutter 13, a lower rotary cutter 14, a pair of rough rollers 15, and a triangular sheller 16. Along the direction of crayfish transportation, the cutting and shelling device 3 is located at the end of the longitudinal roller group. The difference between the rough rollers 15 and the other longitudinal rollers 5 is that the surface is rough, generating greater friction when contacting the crayfish shell; the upper rotary cutter 13 is installed behind the transverse roller 6, and the lower rotary cutter 14 is located in the rotary cutter groove 10 of the bottom attitude positioning device 2. The upper and lower rotary cutters are vertically arranged, and the distance between the two cutters is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail. The triangular sheller 16 is approximately triangular in shape with an open top, and two parallel long strips extend from the open top and the ends are sharpened. The distance between the parallel tips is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail and is used to insert into the left and right inner sides of the shell. The triangular sheller 16 is installed behind the upper and lower rotary cutters and in the middle of a pair of rough rollers 15.

[0034] As Figures 6 - 8 shown, a mechanized shelling method for crayfish processing includes the following steps:

[0035] 1. In the previous process, the crayfish that have been graded and had their heads removed enter the extrusion and transportation device 1 with their backs facing up, bellies facing down, and tails facing backward. The distance between the two juxtaposed longitudinal rollers 5 is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail. When the crayfish tail is transported between the two longitudinal rollers 5, a horizontal extrusion force is generated, and the crayfish shell is horizontally extruded and deformed; then the crayfish enter below the transverse roller 6. The distance between the transverse roller 6 and the bottom attitude positioning device 2 is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail. The crayfish receive a vertical extrusion force, and the crayfish shell is vertically extruded and deformed; then the crayfish enter between the next group of longitudinal rollers 5 again and cycle in turn. The crayfish shell is repeatedly extruded and deformed in the horizontal and vertical directions, the adhesion between the shell and the meat is damaged, and the separation degree between the crayfish meat and the shell increases.

[0036] 2. While the crayfish enters the extrusion conveying device 1 and is repeatedly extruded, with the abdomen of the crayfish facing downwards, it first contacts the elastic drawstring 12 in the bottom attitude positioning device 2. The crayfish is conveyed forward as the roller rotates. The bent tail of the crayfish hooks the elastic drawstring 12. As the crayfish continues to be conveyed forward, the bent tail of the crayfish is straightened and enters the attitude fixing plane 9 area. Under the pressure of the transverse roller 6, the abdomen of the crayfish closely adheres to the attitude fixing plane 9, and it enters the cutting and shelling device 3 while maintaining a straightened body posture.

[0037] 3. The crayfish enters between the upper and lower rotating cutters in a straightened body posture. After the upper and lower shrimp shells are cut open, the tip of the triangular sheller 16 is inserted into the inner walls on both sides of the shrimp shell. The shrimp shell moves along the outer edge of the triangular sheller 16 to both sides and contacts the rotating rough roller 15. Driven by the rough roller 15, it continues to separate to both sides until the shell and meat are completely separated. The shrimp shell falls to both sides, while the shrimp meat falls in the middle of the triangular sheller 16.

[0038] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A mechanized shelling device for crayfish processing, characterized in that, It includes an extrusion conveying device, a bottom attitude positioning device, a cutting and shelling device, and a power and control device; the bottom attitude positioning device is installed below the extrusion conveying device; along the crayfish conveying direction, the cutting and shelling device is installed behind the extrusion conveying device; the power and control device is used to control the operation of the device and provide power; The extrusion conveying device includes a longitudinal roller group and a transverse roller group, and every two longitudinal rollers are installed in pairs side by side; the longitudinal roller group includes multiple pairs of longitudinal rollers, and all longitudinal rollers are arranged in two parallel columns of longitudinal roller groups. The distance between two longitudinally arranged rollers installed side by side is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail; the transverse roller group is composed of multiple transverse rollers, and the transverse rollers are located in the middle of the longitudinal roller group. The distance between the transverse rollers and the bottom attitude positioning device is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail; both the longitudinal roller group and the transverse roller group are driven to rotate by the power and control device. Along the crayfish conveying direction, the left longitudinal roller of the crayfish rotates counterclockwise, the right longitudinal roller of the crayfish rotates clockwise, and the transverse roller rotates counterclockwise.

2. The mechanized shelling device for crayfish processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom attitude positioning device is composed of two horizontal circular shafts and an auxiliary device installed between the circular shafts; along the crayfish conveying direction, the auxiliary device is successively an attitude adjustment device, an attitude fixing plane, and a rotary cutter groove. The attitude adjustment device is composed of a horizontal baffle and multiple groups of elastic ropes above the baffle.

3. The mechanized shelling device for crayfish processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting and shelling device is composed of an upper and a lower rotary cutter, a pair of rough rollers, and a triangular sheller; the difference between the rough rollers and other longitudinal rollers is that the surface is rougher, and a greater frictional force is generated when contacting the crayfish shell; the upper rotary cutter is installed behind the transverse roller group, the lower rotary cutter is located in the rotary cutter groove of the bottom attitude positioning device, and the upper and lower rotary cutters are arranged vertically. The distance between the two cutters is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail; the triangular sheller is in an approximately triangular shape with an open top, and two parallel long strips extend from the open top and the ends are sharpened. The distance between the parallel tips is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail and is used to insert into the left and right inner sides of the shrimp shell. The triangular sheller is installed behind the upper and lower rotary cutters and in the middle of a pair of rough rollers.

4. A mechanized shelling method for crayfish processing, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) In the previous process, the crayfish that have been graded and had their heads removed enter the extrusion conveying device with their backs facing up, bellies facing down, and tails facing backward. The distance between two longitudinally arranged rollers installed side by side is slightly smaller than the width of the crayfish tail. When the crayfish tail is conveyed between the two longitudinal rollers, a horizontal extrusion force is generated, and the shrimp shell is horizontally extruded and deformed; then the crayfish enters below the transverse rollers. The distance between the transverse rollers and the bottom attitude positioning device is slightly smaller than the height of the crayfish tail, and the crayfish receives a vertical extrusion force, and the shrimp shell is vertically extruded and deformed; then the crayfish enters between the next group of longitudinal rollers again, and so on in a cycle. The crayfish shell is repeatedly extruded and deformed in the horizontal and vertical directions, the adhesion between the shrimp shell and the shrimp meat is damaged, and the separation degree between the crayfish meat and the shrimp shell increases; (2)While the crayfish is being repeatedly squeezed by the extrusion conveying device, with its abdomen facing downwards, it first comes into contact with the elastic drawstring in the bottom attitude positioning device. As the roller rotates, the crayfish is conveyed forward. The bent tail of the crayfish hooks the elastic drawstring. As the crayfish continues to be conveyed forward, the bent tail is straightened and enters the attitude fixing plane area. Under the pressure of the transverse roller, the abdomen of the crayfish is closely attached to the attitude fixing plane, and it enters the cutting and shelling device in a straightened body posture. (3)The crayfish enters between the upper and lower rotating cutters in a straightened body posture. After the upper and lower shrimp shells are cut open, the tip of the triangular sheller is inserted into the inner walls on both sides of the shrimp shell. The shrimp shell moves to both sides along the outer edge of the triangular sheller, contacts the rotating rough roller, and continues to separate to both sides under the drive of the rough roller until the shell and the meat are completely separated. The shrimp shell falls to both sides, while the shrimp meat falls in the middle of the triangular sheller.

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