A top-taking sunflower head device and method for sunflower harvesting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for top-taking sunflower disks for sunflower harvesting. The device includes a row aligner, a sunflower disk conveying mechanism, a disk top-taking mechanism, a straw cutting mechanism, and a control system. The row aligner is located within the sunflower rows during operation. The disk top-taking mechanism is located between adjacent row aligners and reciprocates up and down under the control of the control system to top off the sunflower disks. The sunflower disk conveying mechanism is located above each row aligner and between adjacent row aligners and can automatically convey the sunflower disks topped off by the disk top-taking mechanism. The straw cutting mechanism can automatically cut the straws from which the disks have been taken. The control system controls the reciprocating motion of the disk top-taking mechanism according to the sunflower signals detected by the sensors. The present invention can adjust the action frequency of the disk top-taking according to the plant spacing of the sunflowers and the traveling speed of the power machine, can achieve the top-taking of sunflower disks under conditions of any plant spacing and power machine traveling speed, and uses a conveyor belt to timely transport the fallen sunflower disks, avoiding the accumulation of sunflower disks and improving the operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible sunflower harvesting, and in particular to a top-taking sunflower plate device and method for edible sunflower harvesting. Background Art

[0002] Sunflower has a short growth cycle, is light-loving, and has strong adaptability to soil, growth environment, and climatic conditions. It has been widely planted in northern Xinjiang, my country. Sunflowers can be divided into edible sunflowers and oil sunflowers. Among them, edible sunflowers have high economic added value and the planting area is expanding year by year. According to statistics, the planting area of edible sunflowers in Xinjiang is 1.2 million mu. Edible sunflowers are eaten directly after harvesting, and the integrity of edible sunflower seeds and the neatness of the surface patterns of sunflower seeds after harvesting are required to be high. The same harvesting method as oil sunflowers cannot be used. At present, the harvesting method of edible sunflowers is to cut off the sunflower discs from the sunflower stems during the maturity period, and then cut off the sunflower stems at a height of about 1m from the ground, insert the sunflower discs on the sunflower stems, and the sunflower disc seeds face up. Under natural light conditions, the sunflower discs are naturally dried, and then the discs are removed and threshed. The advantage of this harvesting method is that the sunflower discs are dried evenly, avoiding the mold and rot of the sunflower discs stacked together.

[0003] At present, the method of taking and threshing the edible sunflower tray is to manually remove the sunflower tray inserted on the sunflower stalk, and then put the sunflower tray into the edible sunflower thresher for threshing. The operating width of the machine for harvesting edible sunflowers using this method is about 8m. During harvesting, 6-7 people are required to walk in front of the harvester to take the tray, which is labor-intensive, costly and dangerous. There is no unified standard for the row spacing and plant spacing of sunflowers planted in Xinjiang, and the row spacing and plant spacing are configured in a variety of ways, which increases the difficulty of harvesting edible sunflower trays. The comb-tooth picking mechanism has the characteristics of non-row harvesting, and the stems of sunflowers can enter the gaps between the comb-tooth bars. According to the comb-tooth working principle, the research team of the present invention has trial-produced a comb-tooth tray test bench. Field tests have shown that the comb teeth can pick the sunflower tray from the sunflower stalk, but the picking speed is slow, and the sunflower tray is easily blocked on the comb teeth after picking. A roller brush is installed above the comb teeth, and the disc on the comb teeth is moved by the roller brush. However, the roller brush can only move the disc at a fixed position, and the length of the comb teeth is larger than the range of the roller brush. As a result, the problem of the disc being blocked on the comb teeth cannot be completely solved.

[0004] It can be seen that the main problem of the existing method for taking the edible sunflower tray is that the efficiency of taking the sunflower tray is low, and the sunflower tray is easily crowded on the harvesting table after taking the tray. Summary of the invention

[0005] To further solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to harvest the sunflower disks that have been inserted on the sunflower stalks, improve the disk-taking efficiency, and avoid congestion of the sunflower disks after harvesting. A disk-taking device and method for pushing the sunflower disks are provided. A sensor is used to judge that the sunflower disk approaches the disk-taking device, and the sunflower disk is pushed away from the sunflower stalk from the lower part of the sunflower disk, and then the sunflower disk is conveyed and collected by a conveyor belt.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention includes: a disk-taking device for sunflower harvesting, which includes a row-aligning device, a sunflower disk conveying mechanism, a disk-taking mechanism, a cutting rod mechanism and a control system;

[0007] The row-aligning device includes row-aligning side plates 1, a row-aligning upper panel 2, and a conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The row-aligning side plates 1 include a row-aligning side plate one 1-1 and a row-aligning side plate two 1-2. The row-aligning side plate one 1-1 and the row-aligning side plate two 1-2 are in a vertical state. The row-aligning upper panel 2 is horizontally fixed at the upper end of the row-aligning side plates 1. The row-aligning side plate one 1-1 and the row-aligning side plate two 1-2 and the row-aligning upper panel 2 enclose a box with a pointed front end and a rectangular rear end. A rectangular opening is provided at the middle position of the row-aligning upper panel 2. Conveyor belt fixing plates 3 are fixed on the two long sides of the rectangular opening. The conveyor belt fixing plates 3 include a conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and a conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2. The conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2 are parallel to the row-aligning side plates 1. At the pointed corner position of the row-aligning upper panel 2, a pointed sensor protection plate 4 is provided; between the row-aligning side plate one 1-1 and the row-aligning side plate two 1-2, a drive system fixing plate one 5 and a drive system fixing plate two 6 are provided; a drive system fixing plate three 7 is fixed between the conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2; the drive system fixing plate one 5, the drive system fixing plate two 6 and the drive system fixing plate three 7 are all perpendicular to the row-aligning side plates 1 and the horizontal plane; the drive system fixing plate one 5, the drive system fixing plate two 6 and the drive system fixing plate three 7 are arranged in sequence from front to back. Two guide grooves 8 are respectively fixed on the drive system fixing plate one 5 and the drive system fixing plate two 6. The guide grooves 8 are located between the row-aligning side plates 1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The four guide grooves 8 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The groove surfaces of the guide grooves 8 on the drive system fixing plate one 5 and the drive system fixing plate two 6 are arranged opposite to each other; adjacent row-aligning devices are connected by the drive system fixing plate two 6 and the drive system fixing plate three 7.

[0008] Adjacent row-aligning devices are parallel to each other, the row-aligning upper panels 2 on adjacent row-aligning devices are aligned, and the gap between adjacent row-aligning devices is 6-20 cm.

[0009] According to the number of rows of sunflowers to be harvested, multiple row-aligning devices can be selected. The row-aligning devices can be connected side by side in 2-10 numbers, and the specific number is set according to actual needs.

[0010] The described sunflower disk conveying mechanism includes a first short roller 9, a second short roller 10 and a long roller 11. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are fixed between a first conveyor belt fixing plate 3-1 and a second conveyor belt fixing plate 3-2 by bearing seats. The second short roller 10 is fixed between the conveyor belt fixing plates 3 of two adjacent alignment devices by a bearing seat. The first short roller 9, the second short roller 10 and the long roller 11 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are located at both ends of the conveyor belt fixing plate 3, and the second short roller 10 is located at the middle position of the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The long roller 11 runs through multiple groups of alignment devices. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are connected by a first conveyor belt 12, and the second short roller 10 and the long roller 11 are connected by a second conveyor belt 13. The upper surfaces of the first conveyor belt 12 and the second conveyor belt 13 are aligned with the upper alignment panel 2. During operation, the long roller 11 is driven to rotate by a power device, and the first short roller 9 and the second short roller 10 are driven to rotate through the first conveyor belt 12 and the second conveyor belt 13.

[0011] The described top-picking disk mechanism includes a top disk drive motor 14, a main drive gear 15, a reversing gear assembly 16, a drive gear shaft assembly 17, and a top disk assembly 18. The top disk drive motor 14 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7. The reversing gear assembly 16 is fixed between the second transmission system fixing plate 6 and the third transmission system fixing plate 7 with a bearing seat. The drive gear shaft assembly 17 is fixed between the first transmission system fixing plate 5 and the third transmission system fixing plate 7 with a bearing seat. The top disk assembly 18 is placed between two guide grooves 8 with opposite groove surfaces; both the drive gear shaft assembly 17 and the top disk assembly 18 are two in number; on the top disk drive shaft 17-1 of the drive gear shaft assembly 17, there is arranged an active gear 17-2 and two driven gears 17-3 with the same structural dimensions. The active gear 17-2 is located at one end of the top disk drive shaft 17-1; the top disk assembly 18 includes two racks 18-1 with the same structural dimensions, a top disk rod 18-2, and two guide rods 18-3 with the same structural dimensions. The two racks 18-1 are parallel to each other, and the tooth surfaces on the two racks 18-1 face the same direction. The top disk rod 18-2 is located above the racks 18-1. The two guide rods 18-3 with the same structural dimensions are located below the racks 18-1, and the two ends of the two guide rods 18-3 respectively pass through the two racks 18-1 and are clamped into the guide grooves 8. The top disk rod 18-2 and the guide rods 18-3 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the racks 18-1; on the power output shaft of the top disk drive motor 14, there is fixed the main drive gear 15. The main drive gear 15 meshes with the active gear 17-2 on one drive gear shaft assembly 17. The main drive gear 15 also meshes with the reversing gear 16-1 on the reversing gear assembly 16. The reversing gear 16-1 meshes with the active gear 17-2 on the other drive gear shaft assembly 17. The two driven gears 17-3 on the drive gear shaft assembly 17 respectively mesh with the two racks 18-1 on the top disk assembly 18. During operation, the top disk drive motor 14 alternately rotates forward and backward, driving the top disk assembly 18 to reciprocate up and down through the main drive gear 15, the reversing gear assembly 16, and the drive gear shaft assembly 17.

[0012] The described cutting rod mechanism includes a moving knife drive motor 19, an eccentric disk 20, a drive connecting rod 21, a moving knife assembly 22, and a fixed knife assembly 23. The moving knife drive motor 19 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7 through a moving knife drive motor fixing plate 24. The shaft end of the moving knife drive motor 19 is fixed with the eccentric disk 20. Between the eccentric disk 20 and the moving knife assembly 22, there is a hinged drive connecting rod 21. The moving knife assembly 22 and the fixed knife assembly 23 cooperate with each other. The fixed knife fixing plate 23-1 on the fixed knife assembly 23 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7. The cutting rod mechanism is located below the row counter. During operation, the moving knife drive motor 19 drives the moving knife assembly 22 to reciprocate horizontally through the eccentric disk 20 and the drive connecting rod 21.

[0013] The described control system is respectively connected to the top plate drive motor 14 and the sensor 25. The sensor 25 is used to detect whether the sunflower disk inserted on the sunflower stalk is close to the row aligner, and transmits a signal to the control system. The control system controls the operation of the top plate drive motor 14 according to the signal that the sunflower disk is close to the row aligner. The top plate drive motor 14 drives the top plate assembly 18 to move, and ejects the sunflower disk from the sunflower stalk.

[0014] The described sensor 25 is located on the upper row panel 2 of the row aligner, behind the sensor protection plate 4;

[0015] The described sensor 25 can be a photoelectric sensor or a contact mechanical sensor.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention further includes: a method for taking the sunflower disk of the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device described above, including the following steps:

[0017] Suspend the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device on the power machine, adjust the height of the row aligner so that the upper row panel 2 on the row aligner is below the sunflower disk, turn on the power supply to energize the top plate drive motor 14 and the moving knife drive motor 19. The long roller 11 on the sunflower disk conveying mechanism is driven by the power device. Driven by these powers, the moving knife assembly 22 on the cutting rod mechanism is in a reciprocating motion state in the horizontal direction, and the conveying belt 12 and the conveying belt 13 are in a rotating state;

[0018] Taking the distance d from the sensor 25 to the center of the top plate rod 18-2, the plant spacing L of the sunflower, and the traveling speed v of the power machine suspending the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device as metrics, set the action frequency f of the control system to drive the top-taking disk device;

[0019] The power machine starts to move. The sunflower stalks with sunflower disks are successively inserted into the gap between two adjacent row aligners. The sensor 25 senses the sunflower disk and sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the movement of the top plate drive motor 14 according to the action frequency f of the top-taking disk, drives the top plate assembly 18 to move up and down reciprocally, ejects the sunflower disk from the sunflower stalk, and the sunflower disk falls on the upper row panel 2. The conveying belt 12 and the conveying belt 13 convey the sunflower disk backward for collection. The moving knife assembly 22 reciprocates and cooperates with the fixed knife assembly 23 to cut off the sunflower stalks from which the sunflower disks have been taken, preventing the sunflower stalks from congesting in the gap between the row aligners and affecting the top-taking disk effect.

[0020] In the above solution, the action frequency f of the top-taking disk, the traveling speed v of the power machine, and the distance d from the sensor to the top-taking disk satisfy the following relationship: f = v / (d + L), where L is the plant spacing.

[0021] Taking the sunflower with a plant spacing L of 30 cm as an example, setting the traveling speed of the power machine as 30 m / min, and the distance d between the sensor and the top-taking plate as 20 cm, the action frequency of the top-taking plate can be calculated to be 1 Hz.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention:

[0023] 1. In the present invention, the top-taking plate mechanism is used to push the sunflower disk off the sunflower stalk, which can improve the reliability of disk taking.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, the control system can adjust the action frequency of the top-taking plate according to the plant spacing of the sunflower and the traveling speed of the power machine, and can realize the sunflower disk top-taking under the conditions of any plant spacing and power machine traveling speed;

[0025] 3. In the present invention, the conveyor belt is used to automatically and timely transport the sunflower disks that have fallen on the contra-row device, which can avoid the accumulation of sunflower disks on the contra-row device and improve the operation efficiency.

[0026] 4. The cutting rod mechanism can cut off the sunflower stalks from which the sunflower disks have been taken, avoiding the blockage caused by the sunflower stalks getting stuck between the contra-row devices and affecting the reliability of disk taking. Description of the drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention including multiple sunflower disk top-taking devices.

[0028] Figure 2 is the structure schematic diagram of the present invention including two sunflower disk top-taking devices.

[0029] Figure 3 is the cross-sectional view of the sunflower disk top-taking device of the present invention after removing the contra-row upper panel, long roller, conveyor belt 1 and conveyor belt 2.

[0030] Figure 4 is the structure schematic diagram of the contra-row device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 is the structure schematic diagram of the sunflower disk conveying mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 is the structure schematic diagram of the top-taking plate mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 is the structure schematic diagram of the top disk assembly of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 is the structure schematic diagram of the cutting rod mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Opposite-row side plate, 1-1. Opposite-row side plate one, 1-2. Opposite-row side plate two, 2. Opposite-row upper panel, 3. Conveyor belt fixing plate, 3-1. Conveyor belt fixing plate one, 3-2. Conveyor belt fixing plate two, 4. Sensor protection plate, 5. Transmission system fixing plate one, 6. Transmission system fixing plate two, 7. Transmission system fixing plate three, 8. Guide groove, 9. Short roller one, 10. Short roller two, 11. Long roller, 12. Conveyor belt one, 13. Conveyor belt two, 14. Top plate drive motor, 15. Main drive gear, 16. Reversing gear assembly, 17. Drive gear shaft assembly, 17-1. Top plate drive shaft, 17-2. Driving gear, 17-3. Driven gear, 18. Top plate assembly, 18-1. Rack, 18-2. Top plate rod, 18-3. Guide rod, 19. Moving knife drive motor, 20. Eccentric disc, 21. Drive link, 22. Moving knife assembly, 23. Fixed knife assembly, 24. Drive motor fixing plate, 25. Sensor. Detailed implementation mode

[0036] The present invention adopts a non-opposite-row method to pick sunflower disks, which can meet the harvesting needs of sunflowers with different row spacings. The method of actively pushing to pick the disks is used to pick the sunflower disks, which improves the reliability of disk picking. The conveyor belt is used to convey the sunflower disks that fall on the opposite-row device, which can improve the working efficiency of disk picking.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] As Figure 1-8 shown, a sunflower disk pushing device for sunflower harvesting designed by the present invention includes an opposite-row device, a sunflower disk conveying mechanism, a disk pushing mechanism, a cutting rod mechanism and a control system;

[0039] As Figure 1-4As shown in the figure, the row aligner includes row aligning side plates 1, a row aligning upper panel 2, and a conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The row aligning side plates 1 include a row aligning side plate one 1-1 and a row aligning side plate two 1-2. The row aligning side plate one 1-1 and the row aligning side plate two 1-2 are in a vertical state. The row aligning upper panel 2 is horizontally fixed at the upper end of the row aligning side plates 1. The row aligning side plate one 1-1, the row aligning side plate two 1-2, and the row aligning upper panel 2 enclose a box with a pointed front end and a rectangular rear end. A rectangular opening is provided at the middle position of the row aligning upper panel 2. The conveyor belt fixing plate 3 is fixed on the two long sides of the rectangular opening. The conveyor belt fixing plate 3 includes a conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and a conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2. The conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2 are parallel to the row aligning side plates 1. At the pointed corner position of the row aligning upper panel 2, a pointed corner-shaped sensor protection plate 4 is provided; between the row aligning side plate one 1-1 and the row aligning side plate two 1-2, a drive system fixing plate one 5 and a drive system fixing plate two 6 are provided; a drive system fixing plate three 7 is fixed between the conveyor belt fixing plate one 3-1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate two 3-2; the drive system fixing plate one 5, the drive system fixing plate two 6, and the drive system fixing plate three 7 are all perpendicular to the row aligning side plates 1 and the horizontal plane; the drive system fixing plate one 5, the drive system fixing plate two 6, and the drive system fixing plate three 7 are arranged in sequence. Two guide grooves 8 are respectively fixed on the drive system fixing plate one 5 and the drive system fixing plate two 6. The guide grooves 8 are located between the row aligning side plates 1 and the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The four guide grooves 8 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The groove surfaces of the guide grooves 8 on the drive system fixing plate one 5 and the drive system fixing plate two 6 are arranged opposite to each other; two adjacent row aligners are connected by the drive system fixing plate two 6 and the drive system fixing plate three 7.

[0040] Two adjacent row aligners are parallel to each other. The row aligning upper panels on two adjacent row aligners are aligned. The gap between two adjacent row aligners is 6 - 20 cm.

[0041] According to the number of rows of sunflowers harvested, multiple row aligners can be selected. The row aligners can be connected side by side in a number of 2 - 10.

[0042] As Figure 1 、 2As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the sunflower disk conveying mechanism includes a first short roller 9, a second short roller 10 and a long roller 11. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are fixed between a first conveyor belt fixing plate 3-1 and a second conveyor belt fixing plate 3-2 by bearing seats. The second short roller 10 is fixed between the conveyor belt fixing plates 3 of two adjacent aligners by bearing seats. The first short roller 9, the second short roller 10 and the long roller 11 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are located at both ends of the conveyor belt fixing plate 3, and the second short roller 10 is located at the middle position of the conveyor belt fixing plate 3. The long roller 11 runs through multiple groups of aligners. The first short roller 9 and the long roller 11 are connected by a first conveyor belt 12, and the second short roller 10 and the long roller 11 are connected by a second conveyor belt 13. The upper surfaces of the first conveyor belt 12 and the second conveyor belt 13 are aligned with the upper aligning panel 2. During operation, the long roller 11 is driven to rotate by a power device, and the first short roller 9 and the second short roller 10 are driven to rotate through the first conveyor belt 12 and the second conveyor belt 13. The power source of the long roller 11 is to arrange a hydraulic motor or an electric drive motor at one end of the long roller 11 for driving, or to install a sprocket at one end of the long roller 11 and drive it by a power machine through a chain.

[0043] As Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the top pick-up plate mechanism includes a top plate drive motor 14, a main drive gear 15, a reversing gear assembly 16, a drive gear shaft assembly 17, and a top plate assembly 18. The top plate drive motor 14 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7. The reversing gear assembly 16 is fixed between the second transmission system fixing plate 6 and the third transmission system fixing plate 7 with a bearing seat. The drive gear shaft assembly 17 is fixed between the first transmission system fixing plate 5 and the third transmission system fixing plate 7 with a bearing seat. The top plate assembly 18 is placed between two guide grooves 8 with their groove surfaces arranged oppositely. There are two drive gear shaft assemblies 17 and two top plate assemblies 18. On the top plate drive shaft 17-1 of the drive gear shaft assembly 17, there is an active gear 17-2 and two driven gears 17-3 with the same structural dimensions. The active gear 17-2 is located at one end of the top plate drive shaft 17-1. The top plate assembly 18 includes two racks 18-1 with the same structural dimensions, a top plate rod 18-2, and two guide rods 18-3 with the same structural dimensions. The two racks 18-1 are parallel to each other, and the tooth surfaces on the two racks 18-1 face the same direction. The top plate rod 18-2 is located above the racks 18-1. The two guide rods 18-3 with the same structural dimensions are located below the racks 18-1, and the two ends of the two guide rods 18-3 pass through the two racks 18-1 respectively. The top plate rod 18-2 and the guide rods 18-3 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the racks 18-1. On the power output shaft of the top plate drive motor 14, there is a main drive gear 15. The main drive gear 15 meshes with the active gear 17-2 on one drive gear shaft assembly 17. The main drive gear 15 also meshes with the reversing gear 16-1 on the reversing gear assembly 16. The reversing gear 16-1 meshes with the active gear 17-2 on the other drive gear shaft assembly 17. The two driven gears 17-3 on the drive gear shaft assembly 17 respectively mesh with the two racks 18-1 on the top plate assembly 18. During operation, the top plate drive motor 14 rotates forward and backward alternately, driving the top plate assembly 18 to move up and down reciprocally through the main drive gear 15, the reversing gear assembly 16, and the drive gear shaft assembly 17.

[0044] As shown in Figure 8 Figure, the cutting rod mechanism includes a moving knife drive motor 19, an eccentric disc 20, a drive connecting rod 21, a moving knife assembly 22, and a fixed knife assembly 23. The moving knife drive motor 19 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7 through a moving knife drive motor fixing plate 24. The eccentric disc 20 is fixed at the shaft end of the moving knife drive motor 19. The drive connecting rod 21 is hinged between the eccentric disc 20 and the moving knife assembly 22. The moving knife assembly 22 and the fixed knife assembly 23 cooperate with each other. The fixed knife fixing plate 23-1 on the fixed knife assembly 23 is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate 7. The cutting rod mechanism is located below the row counter. During operation, the moving knife drive motor 19 drives the moving knife assembly 22 to move horizontally reciprocally through the eccentric disc 20 and the drive connecting rod 21.

[0045] The described control system is respectively connected to the top plate drive motor 14 and the sensor 25. The sensor 25 is used to detect whether the sunflower disk inserted on the sunflower stalk is close to the row aligner, and transmits a signal to the control system. The control system controls the operation of the top plate drive motor 14 according to the signal that the sunflower disk is close to the row aligner. The top plate drive motor 14 drives the movement of the top plate assembly 18 to push the sunflower disk out of the sunflower stalk.

[0046] The described sensor 25 is located on the upper row panel 2 of the row aligner, behind the sensor protection plate 4;

[0047] The described sensor 25 can be an optoelectronic sensor or a contact mechanical sensor.

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention further includes: A method for taking the sunflower disk of the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device described above, including the following steps:

[0049] Suspend the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device on the power machine, adjust the height of the row aligner so that the upper row panel 2 on the row aligner is below the sunflower disk, turn on the power supply to energize the top plate drive motor 14 and the moving knife drive motor 19. The long roller 11 on the sunflower disk conveying mechanism is driven by the power device. Driven by these powers, the moving knife assembly 22 on the cutting rod mechanism is in a reciprocating motion state in the horizontal direction, and the conveying belt 12 and the conveying belt 13 are in a rotating state;

[0050] Taking the distance d from the sensor 25 to the center of the top plate rod 18-2, the plant spacing L of the sunflower, and the traveling speed v of the power machine suspending the sunflower harvesting top-taking sunflower disk device as a measure, set the action frequency f of the control system to drive the top-taking disk device;

[0051] The power machine starts to move. The sunflower stalks with sunflower disks are successively inserted into the gap between two adjacent row aligners. The sensor 25 senses the sunflower disk and sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the movement of the top plate drive motor 14 according to the action frequency f of the top-taking disk, driving the top plate assembly 18 to reciprocate up and down, pushing the sunflower disk off the sunflower stalk. The sunflower disk falls on the upper row panel 2. The conveying belt 12 and the conveying belt 13 convey the sunflower disk backward for collection. The moving knife assembly 22 reciprocates and cooperates with the fixed knife assembly 23 to cut off the sunflower stalks from which the sunflower disks have been taken, avoiding congestion of the sunflower stalks in the gap between the row aligners and affecting the top-taking disk effect.

[0052] In the above solution, the action frequency f of the top-taking disk, the traveling speed v of the power machine, and the distance d from the sensor to the top-taking disk satisfy the following relationship: f = v / (d + L).

[0053] Taking sunflowers with a plant spacing L of 30 cm as an example, assuming the driving speed of the power machine is 30 m / min and the distance d between the sensor and the top picking tray is 20 cm, the action frequency of the top picking tray can be calculated to be 1 Hz.

[0054] An embodiment of the control system of the present invention is implemented using an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, installed in the cab of the operating power machine, and parameters such as the action frequency can be set through a touch screen.

[0055] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible implementation modes of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modes or changes that do not depart from the technology created by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top-taking sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting, characterized in that It includes a row aligner, a sunflower tray conveying mechanism, a sunflower tray picking mechanism, and a control system; the row aligner is located within the sunflower rows during operation, the sunflower tray picking mechanism is located between adjacent row aligners, and it reciprocates up and down under the control of the control system to pick off the sunflower trays; the sunflower tray conveying mechanism is located above each row aligner and between adjacent row aligners, and it can automatically convey the sunflower trays picked off by the sunflower tray picking mechanism; the control system controls the reciprocating motion of the sunflower tray picking mechanism according to the sunflower signals detected by the sensors; The row aligner includes row aligning side plates (1), a row aligning upper panel (2), and conveyor belt fixing plates (3). The row aligning side plates (1) include row aligning side plate one (1-1) and row aligning side plate two (1-2), and row aligning side plate one (1-1) and row aligning side plate two (1-2) are in a vertical state. A row aligning upper panel (2) is horizontally fixed at the upper end of the row aligning side plates (1). Row aligning side plate one (1-1) and row aligning side plate two (1-2) and the row aligning upper panel (2) enclose a box with a pointed front end and a rectangular rear end. A rectangular opening is provided at the middle position of the row aligning upper panel (2), and conveyor belt fixing plates (3) are fixed on the two long sides of the rectangular opening. The conveyor belt fixing plates (3) include conveyor belt fixing plate one (3-1) and conveyor belt fixing plate two (3-2). Conveyor belt fixing plate one (3-1) and conveyor belt fixing plate two (3-2) are parallel to the row aligning side plates (1). Between row aligning side plate one (1-1) and row aligning side plate two (1-2), a drive system fixing plate one (5) and a drive system fixing plate two (6) are provided; a drive system fixing plate three (7) is fixed between conveyor belt fixing plate one (3-1) and conveyor belt fixing plate two (3-2); drive system fixing plate one (5), drive system fixing plate two (6), and drive system fixing plate three (7) are all perpendicular to the row aligning side plates (1) and the horizontal plane; drive system fixing plate one (5), drive system fixing plate two (6), and drive system fixing plate three (7) are arranged in sequence from front to back. Two guide grooves (8) are respectively fixed on drive system fixing plate one (5) and drive system fixing plate two (6). The guide grooves (8) are located between the row aligning side plates (1) and the conveyor belt fixing plates (3). The four guide grooves (8) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The groove surfaces of the guide grooves (8) on drive system fixing plate one (5) and drive system fixing plate two (6) are arranged opposite to each other; adjacent row aligners are connected by drive system fixing plate two (6) and drive system fixing plate three (7).

2. The top-take sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 1, wherein The described sunflower tray conveying mechanism includes a first short roller (9), a second short roller (10), and a long roller (11). The first short roller (9) and the long roller (11) are fixed between a first conveyor belt fixing plate (3-1) and a second conveyor belt fixing plate (3-2) with bearing seats. The second short roller (10) is fixed between the conveyor belt fixing plates (3) of two adjacent aligners with bearing seats. The first short roller (9), the second short roller (10), and the long roller (11) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the conveyor belt fixing plate (3). The first short roller (9) and the long roller (11) are located at both ends of the conveyor belt fixing plate (3), and the second short roller (10) is located at the middle position of the conveyor belt fixing plate (3). The long roller (11) runs through multiple groups of aligners. The first short roller (9) and the long roller (11) are connected by a first conveyor belt (12), and the second short roller (10) and the long roller (11) are connected by a second conveyor belt (13). The upper surfaces of the first conveyor belt (12) and the second conveyor belt (13) are aligned with the upper aligning panel (2). During operation, the long roller (11) is driven to rotate by a power device, and the first short roller (9) and the second short roller (10) are driven to rotate through the first conveyor belt (12) and the second conveyor belt (13).

3. The top-taking sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power device of the long roller (11) is realized by arranging a hydraulic motor or an electric drive motor at one end of the long roller (11), or by installing a sprocket at one end of the long roller (11) and driving it by a power machine through a chain.

4. A top-picking sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top-picking plate mechanism includes a top plate drive motor (14), a main drive gear (15), a reversing gear assembly (16), a drive gear shaft assembly (17), and a top plate assembly (18). The top plate drive motor (14) is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate (7). The reversing gear assembly (16) is fixed between the second transmission system fixing plate (6) and the third transmission system fixing plate (7) with a bearing seat. The drive gear shaft assembly (17) is fixed between the first transmission system fixing plate (5) and the third transmission system fixing plate (7) with a bearing seat. The top plate assembly (18) is placed between two guide grooves (8) with opposite groove surfaces. There are 2 drive gear shaft assemblies (17) and 2 top plate assemblies (18). On the top plate drive shaft (17-1) of the drive gear shaft assembly (17), there is a driving gear (17-2) and two driven gears (17-3) with the same structural dimensions. The driving gear (17-2) is located at one end of the top plate drive shaft (17-1). The top plate assembly (18) includes two racks (18-1), a top plate rod (18-2), and two guide rods 18-3. The two racks (18-1) are parallel to each other, and the tooth surfaces on the two racks (18-1) face the same direction. The top plate rod (18-2) is located above the racks (18-1). The two guide rods 18-3 are located below the racks (18-1), and both ends of the two guide rods 18-3 pass through the two racks (18-1) respectively and are clamped into the guide grooves 8. The top plate rod (18-2) and the guide rods 18-3 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the racks (18-1). The main drive gear (15) is fixed on the power output shaft of the top plate drive motor (14). The main drive gear (15) meshes with the driving gear (17-2) on one drive gear shaft assembly (17). The main drive gear (15) also meshes with the reversing gear (16-1) on the reversing gear assembly (16). The reversing gear (16-1) meshes with the driving gear (17-2) on the other drive gear shaft assembly (17). The two driven gears (17-3) on the drive gear shaft assembly (17) respectively mesh with the two racks (18-1) on the top plate assembly (18). During operation, the top plate drive motor (14) rotates forward and backward alternately, and drives the top plate assembly (18) to move up and down reciprocally through the main drive gear (15), the reversing gear assembly (16), and the drive gear shaft assembly (17).

5. The top-taking sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that At the sharp corner position of the oncoming upper panel (2), there is a sharp-corner-shaped sensor protection plate (4). A sensor is placed behind the sensor protection plate, and the sensor can detect the sunflower plate.

6. The top-taking sunflower disk device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 1, wherein, Two adjacent oncoming devices are parallel to each other. The oncoming upper panels (2) on two adjacent oncoming devices are aligned. The gap between two adjacent oncoming devices is 6 - 20 cm. The number of oncoming devices connected side by side is determined according to the actual situation.

7. A top-picking sunflower head device for sunflower harvesting according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a rod cutting mechanism which is arranged below the row aligner and includes a moving knife drive motor (19), an eccentric disc (20), a drive connecting rod (21), a moving knife assembly (22) and a fixed knife assembly (23). The moving knife drive motor (19) is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate (7) through a moving knife drive motor fixing plate (24). The eccentric disc (20) is fixed to the shaft end of the moving knife drive motor (19). The drive connecting rod (21) is hinged between the eccentric disc (20) and the moving knife assembly (22). The moving knife assembly (22) cooperates with the fixed knife assembly (23). The fixed knife fixing plate (23-1) on the fixed knife assembly (23) is fixed on the third transmission system fixing plate (7). During operation, the moving knife drive motor (19) drives the moving knife assembly (22) to reciprocate horizontally through the eccentric disc (20) and the drive connecting rod (21).

8. The disc-taking method of the disc-taking device for sunflower harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following: Suspend the sunflower harvesting top tray device on the power machine, adjust the height of the row aligner so that the upper row aligning panel (2) of the row aligner is below the sunflower tray, turn on the power supply to energize the top tray drive motor (14) and the moving knife drive motor (19). The long roller (11) on the sunflower tray conveying mechanism is driven by the power device. Under the power drive, the moving knife assembly (22) on the rod cutting mechanism is in a reciprocating motion state in the horizontal direction, and the first conveying belt (12) and the second conveying belt (13) are in a rotating state. Based on the distance d from the sensor (25) to the center of the top tray rod (18-2), the plant spacing L of the sunflower, and the traveling speed v of the power machine as metrics, set the action frequency f of the control system to drive the top tray mechanism. The power machine starts to move. The sunflower stems with inserted trays enter the gap between two adjacent row aligners one by one. The sensor (25) senses the sunflower tray and sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the movement of the top tray drive motor (14) according to the action frequency f of the top tray, drives the top tray assembly (18) to reciprocate up and down, pushes the sunflower tray off the sunflower stem, and the sunflower tray falls on the upper row aligning panel (2). The first conveying belt (12) and the second conveying belt (13) convey the sunflower tray backward for collection. The moving knife assembly (22) reciprocates and cooperates with the fixed knife assembly (23) to cut the sunflower stem after the tray has been taken off.

9. The disc taking method according to claim 8, wherein, The action frequency f of the top tray, the traveling speed v of the power machine, and the distance d from the sensor to the top tray satisfy the following relationship: f = v / (d + L), where L is the plant spacing.

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