An apparatus, method and device for autofocusing of single-pixel microscopic imaging

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic focusing device, method and equipment for single-pixel microscopic imaging. The device comprises a projection module, a focusing module and a detection module. The projection module is used for generating a first image and projecting the first image to a target surface to obtain a second image. The focusing module is used for zooming the projection module to adjust the definition of the second image. The detection module is used for detecting the light intensity of the second image and outputting a photoelectric response value sequence. The calculation and control module is used for controlling the working states of the projection module, the focusing module and the detection module. The in-focus focal length is calculated according to the photoelectric response value sequence. The application can be used for quickly and conveniently focusing the image projected on a microscopic sample and can be widely applied in the field of single-pixel microscopic imaging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of single-pixel microscopy, and in particular to an autofocus device, method and apparatus for single-pixel microscopy. Background Technology

[0002] Before single-pixel microscopic imaging, focusing is required to ensure a clear and complete image projected onto the object by the spatial light modulator. Traditional focusing methods involve manually controlling the lens to move back and forth to focus the projected image. The focusing effect depends on the subjective judgment of the human eye, and the focusing time is relatively long. To achieve fast and reliable microscopic focusing, various microscopic self-focusing technologies, including focusing through deep learning, have been proposed. However, due to the poor compatibility between the devices required for these technologies and single-pixel imaging devices, these technologies cannot be well applied to the actual operation of single-pixel imaging. Furthermore, the existing equipment for achieving single-pixel microscopic imaging is quite complex. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide an autofocus device, method and apparatus for single-pixel microscopic imaging, which is used to quickly and conveniently focus an image projected on a microscopic sample.

[0004] One aspect of this invention provides an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, comprising:

[0005] A projection module is used to generate a first image and project it onto the target surface to obtain a second image;

[0006] A focusing module is used to zoom the projection module in order to adjust the sharpness of the second image;

[0007] The detection module is used to detect the light intensity of the second image and output a sequence of photoelectric response values;

[0008] The calculation and control module is used to control the working status of the projection module, the focusing module and the detection module; and to calculate the focal length based on the photoelectric response value sequence.

[0009] Optionally, the projection module includes at least a spatial light modulator and a light source;

[0010] The focusing module includes at least one adjustable focusing lens; wherein the zoom range of the adjustable focusing lens is denoted as [x1, x2].

[0011] Another aspect of this invention provides an autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging, applied to the calculation and control module in the aforementioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, the method comprising:

[0012] The control projection module generates a first image and projects it onto the target surface to obtain a second image;

[0013] The focusing module continuously and uniformly zooms from x1 to x2 to adjust the sharpness of the second image; wherein the zoom range of the focusing module is [x1, x2];

[0014] The control detection module continuously detects the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module and outputs a sequence of photoelectric response values;

[0015] The focal length is calculated based on the photoelectric response value sequence.

[0016] Control the focusing module to zoom to the target focal length.

[0017] Optionally, calculating the focal length for accurate focusing based on the photoelectric response value sequence includes:

[0018] The photoelectric response value sequence is divided into K groups, each group containing M×N photoelectric response values;

[0019] Calculate the corresponding light intensity amplitude value based on each group of photoelectric response values ​​to obtain K light intensity amplitude values;

[0020] The focal length corresponding to the maximum value among the K light intensity amplitude values ​​is determined as the collimation focal length X.

[0021] Optionally, the step of calculating the corresponding light intensity amplitude value based on each group of photoelectric response values ​​to obtain K light intensity amplitude values ​​includes:

[0022] Each group of M×N photoelectric response values ​​is divided into M groups, and each group contains N photoelectric response values;

[0023] Based on the formula for calculating the light intensity amplitude, a light intensity amplitude value is calculated for each group of N photoelectric response values, resulting in M ​​light intensity amplitude values. The formula for calculating the light intensity amplitude value is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, C k,m For the m-th light intensity amplitude value, For the m-th group of projections The photoelectric response value of the detector output corresponding to the phase-shifted image, where m is the index of the light intensity amplitude value, m = 1, 2, 3...M, n = 0, 1...N, k = 1, 2, 3...K;

[0026] Sum the M light intensity amplitude values ​​corresponding to the M groups to obtain a single light intensity amplitude value;

[0027] Repeat the steps described above to calculate a light intensity amplitude value for each group of N photoelectric response values ​​according to the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula, until the calculation for each group of photoelectric response values ​​is completed, and obtain K light intensity amplitude values.

[0028] Optionally, determining the focal length corresponding to the maximum value among the K light intensity amplitude values ​​as the collimation focal length X includes:

[0029] Compare the calculated K light intensity amplitude values ​​and determine the maximum light intensity amplitude value;

[0030] Obtain the corresponding index s of the maximum light intensity amplitude value;

[0031] The focal length X is calculated based on the formula for calculating the focal length of the collimation and the serial number s.

[0032] The formula for calculating the focal length is X = [x1 + (x2 - x1) × (s - 1) / K], where s is a positive integer between 1 and K.

[0033] Another aspect of the present invention provides an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, which performs autofocus using the aforementioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging.

[0034] Another aspect of this invention provides an autofocus system for single-pixel microscopic imaging, comprising:

[0035] An image projection unit is used to control the projection module to generate a first image and project it onto the target surface to obtain a second image;

[0036] A focusing unit is used to control the focusing module to continuously and uniformly zoom from x1 to x2 in order to adjust the sharpness of the second image; wherein the zoom range of the focusing module is [x1, x2];

[0037] A light intensity detection unit is used to control the detection module to continuously detect the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module, and output a photoelectric response value sequence.

[0038] A focal length calculation unit is used to calculate the accurate focal length based on the photoelectric response value sequence.

[0039] A zoom unit is used to control the focusing module to zoom to the target focal length.

[0040] Another aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory;

[0041] The memory is used to store programs;

[0042] The processor executes the program to implement the autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging.

[0043] Another aspect of this invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that is executed by a processor to implement the aforementioned autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging.

[0044] This invention also discloses a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and execute the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the aforementioned method.

[0045] This invention provides an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, which is compact in structure, simple in components, and low in cost. It requires only a single-pixel detector for focus detection, and the autofocus method provided by this invention eliminates the need for imaging, significantly reducing detection and focus determination time, and greatly shortening the focusing time. Therefore, the autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging based on the above-mentioned autofocus method has advantages such as low cost, fast focusing, and portability. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This invention provides a three-step phase-shifted image of the same frequency directional component.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of an autofocus system for single-pixel microscopic imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0053] It should be noted that although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, specifically including:

[0056] A projection module is used to generate a first image and project it onto the target surface to obtain a second image;

[0057] A focusing module is used to zoom the projection module in order to adjust the sharpness of the second image;

[0058] The detection module is used to detect the light intensity of the second image and output a sequence of photoelectric response values;

[0059] The calculation and control module is used to control the working status of the projection module, the focusing module and the detection module; and to calculate the focal length based on the photoelectric response value sequence. Figure 1 The CPU mentioned is the computing control module in this embodiment of the invention.

[0060] The detection module includes at least one photodetector.

[0061] In one optional implementation, the detector may be a single photosensitive detector such as a photodiode, photomultiplier tube, or photovoltaic cell, i.e., a single-pixel detector.

[0062] It should be noted that the autofocus device in this embodiment of the invention calculates and determines whether the second image is in focus by detecting the light intensity of the second image. Therefore, the detection module must contain at least one detector, and the detector only needs to meet the light intensity detection function. In one embodiment of the invention, a single-pixel detector is selected, which is small in size, inexpensive, and has high detection sensitivity. It is not only suitable for detecting weak light intensity changes, but also greatly reduces costs and makes the device smaller and more compact compared with existing camera focusing and laser focusing devices.

[0063] In one optional implementation, the projection module includes at least a spatial light modulator and a light source; the focusing module includes at least a focusable lens; wherein the zoom range of the focusable lens is denoted as [x1, x2].

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the first image is modulated by the spatial light modulator, and the light emitted by the light source is reflected by the spatial light modulator and then imaged onto the target surface by the adjustable focus lens to obtain the second image. The first image and the second image are conjugate.

[0065] In one alternative implementation, the spatial light modulator may be a digital micromirror array (DMD).

[0066] Figure 2 This is a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging. It employs a low-cost and finely structured single-pixel detector to form the detection module, significantly reducing the cost of the autofocus device and saving space, resulting in a simple and compact overall structure. Furthermore, the invention cleverly uses a simple single-pixel detector to calculate the corresponding frequency light intensity amplitude value by detecting changes in the light intensity of the image, thus determining the focus. This eliminates the need for a camera to image the projected image, greatly saving detection and focus determination time and significantly shortening the focusing time, making it suitable for single-pixel microscopic imaging.

[0068] Reference Figure 3 This invention provides an autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging, applied to the calculation and control module of the aforementioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging. Specifically, this method may include:

[0069] S100: Control the projection module to generate a first image and project it onto the target surface to obtain a second image.

[0070] S110: Control the focusing module to continuously and uniformly zoom from x1 to x2 to adjust the sharpness of the second image; wherein, the zoom range of the focusing module is [x1, x2].

[0071] S120: The control detection module continuously detects the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module and outputs a photoelectric response value sequence.

[0072] S130: Calculate the focal length for accurate focus based on the photoelectric response value sequence.

[0073] S140: Control the focusing module to zoom to the target focal length.

[0074] Specifically, the first image may include M spatial frequency f but frequency direction components f x f y Different image sets, among which Each image set with different frequency components contains corresponding N-step phase-shifted images. The control projection module generates a first image and projects it onto the target surface; specifically, it includes:

[0075] The projection module sequentially modulates and projects M×N N phase-shifted images with the same spatial frequency but different frequency direction components onto the target surface. The projection order is the 0-phase-shifted image in the first frequency direction, ... Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images, ... Phase shift image, zero phase shift image in the second frequency direction. Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images, ... Phase-shifted images, ..., zero-phase-shifted images at the Mth frequency direction. Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images Phase-shifted images, ... Phase-shifted images. For example, if the M×N images with the same spatial frequency but different frequency direction components are periodic stripe images, then for an image in a certain frequency direction, the grayscale change of this periodic stripe image corresponds to a two-dimensional spatial frequency (f). x ,f y The N N-step phase-shifted images of this image are then the two-dimensional spatial frequency multiplied by . The image obtained by inverse Fourier transform of the phase component; the difference between N phase-shifted images of N images of the same frequency is reflected in the translation of the stripes in space. Figure 4 An example is given of a three-step phase-shift fringe image in the same frequency direction. Wherein, Figure 4 (a), (b), and (c) are fringe images with different phase shifts, respectively.

[0076] More specifically, each time the projection module begins projecting a phase-shifted image, it emits a pulse signal. The detection module receives and accumulates these pulse signals. The detection module only sends a signal to the focusing module after accumulating M×N pulse signals. Upon receiving the signal, the focusing module begins zooming and sends a signal to the projection module. Upon receiving the signal, the projection module begins the next round of projection, continuing until the projection module has sequentially projected K×M×N phase-shifted images. The detection module then detects and outputs K×M×N photoelectric response values, where K is a non-zero positive integer, M is a non-zero positive integer, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

[0077] Furthermore, step S130 above, which calculates the focal length for accurate focusing based on the photoelectric response value sequence, may include:

[0078] S1. Divide the photoelectric response value sequence into K groups, each group containing M×N photoelectric response values.

[0079] S2. Calculate the corresponding light intensity amplitude value based on each group of photoelectric response values ​​to obtain K light intensity amplitude values.

[0080] S3. Determine the focal length corresponding to the maximum value among the K light intensity amplitude values, and use it as the collimation focal length X.

[0081] Furthermore, step S2 above, calculating the corresponding light intensity amplitude value based on each group of photoelectric response values ​​to obtain K light intensity amplitude values, may include:

[0082] S21. Divide each group of M×N photoelectric response values ​​into M groups, with each group containing N photoelectric response values.

[0083] S22. Calculate a light intensity amplitude value for each group of N photoelectric response values ​​according to the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula, resulting in M ​​light intensity amplitude values. The light intensity amplitude value calculation formula is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, C k,m For the m-th light intensity amplitude value, For the m-th group of projections The photoelectric response value of the detector output corresponding to the phase-shifted image, where m is the index of the light intensity amplitude value, m = 1, 2, 3...M, n = 0, 1...N, k = 1, 2, 3...K;

[0086] S23. Sum the M light intensity amplitude values ​​corresponding to the M groups to obtain a light intensity amplitude value.

[0087] S24. Repeat the steps of calculating a light intensity amplitude value for each group of N photoelectric response values ​​according to the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula until the calculation of each group of photoelectric response values ​​is completed, and K light intensity amplitude values ​​are obtained.

[0088] Furthermore, step S3 above, determining the focal length corresponding to the maximum value among the K light intensity amplitude values ​​as the collimation focal length X, may include:

[0089] S31. Compare the calculated K light intensity amplitude values ​​and determine the maximum light intensity amplitude value.

[0090] S32. Obtain the corresponding sequence number s of the maximum light intensity amplitude value.

[0091] S33. Calculate the focal length X according to the formula for calculating the focal length of the collimation and the serial number s.

[0092] The formula for calculating the focal length is X = [x1 + (x2 - x1) × (s - 1) / K], where s is a positive integer between 1 and K.

[0093] For example, when the calculated focal length is [x1+(x2-x1)×(s-1) / K], the above step S140, controlling the focusing module to zoom to the focal length, may include:

[0094] The focusing module is controlled to continuously zoom to a focal length of [x1 + (x2 - x1) × (s - 1) / K]. Because the spatial light modulator projects a phase-shifted image at an extremely fast speed, reaching the millisecond level, the number K of light intensity amplitude values ​​detected and calculated during zooming is relatively large. Therefore, the more finely the focal length intervals are divided, the more accurate the focusing effect.

[0095] The present invention provides an autofocus method for single-pixel microscopic imaging. Based on the above-mentioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, without affecting its own projection function, it makes full use of the high-speed modulation characteristics of the spatial light modulator, does not require imaging, and can quickly and easily make focus judgment, greatly shortening the focusing time and making the focusing effect more accurate.

[0096] The present invention also proposes an autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging, which utilizes the aforementioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopic imaging for autofocus.

[0097] Because the aforementioned autofocus device for single-pixel microscopy is based on the aforementioned autofocus apparatus for single-pixel microscopy and utilizes the aforementioned autofocus method for single-pixel microscopy, it possesses advantages such as low cost, fast focusing, and portability, enabling rapid and convenient single-pixel microscopy imaging.

[0098] Reference Figure 5 This invention provides an autofocus system for single-pixel microscopic imaging, comprising:

[0099] An image projection unit is used to control the projection module to generate a first image and project it onto the target surface to obtain a second image;

[0100] A focusing unit is used to control the focusing module to continuously and uniformly zoom from x1 to x2 in order to adjust the sharpness of the second image; wherein the zoom range of the focusing module is [x1, x2];

[0101] A light intensity detection unit is used to control the detection module to continuously detect the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module, and output a photoelectric response value sequence.

[0102] A focal length calculation unit is used to calculate the accurate focal length based on the photoelectric response value sequence.

[0103] A zoom unit is used to control the focusing module to zoom to the target focal length.

[0104] This invention also discloses a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform... Figure 3 The method shown.

[0105] In some alternative embodiments, the functions / operations mentioned in the block diagrams may not occur in the order shown in the operation diagrams. For example, depending on the functions / operations involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flowcharts of this invention are provided by way of example to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is altered and sub-operations described as part of a larger operation are executed independently.

[0106] Furthermore, although the invention has been described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated, one or more of the described functions and / or features may be integrated into a single physical device and / or software module, or one or more functions and / or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It is also understood that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is unnecessary for understanding the invention. Rather, given the properties, functions, and internal relationships of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein, the actual implementation of the module will be understood within the scope of conventional skill of an engineer. Therefore, those skilled in the art can implement the invention as set forth in the claims using ordinary techniques without excessive experimentation. It is also understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is determined by the full scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0107] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0108] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0109] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0110] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0111] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0112] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0113] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of autofocusing for single-pixel microscopic imaging, the method comprising: A computing control module applied to an autofocus device of a single-pixel microscopic imaging, the device comprising: a projection module for generating a first image and projecting to a target surface to obtain a second image; a focusing module for zooming the projection module to adjust the definition of the second image; a detection module for detecting the light intensity of the second image and outputting a sequence of photoelectric response values; a computing control module for controlling the working states of the projection module, the focusing module and the detection module; and calculating a focus distance according to the sequence of photoelectric response values; the method comprising: controlling the projection module to generate a first image and project to a target surface to obtain a second image; controlling the focusing module to continuously and uniformly zoom the zooming range from x1 to x2 to adjust the definition of the second image; wherein the zooming range of the focusing module is [x1, x2]; controlling the detection module to continuously detect the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module and output a sequence of photoelectric response values; calculating a focus distance according to the sequence of photoelectric response values; controlling the focusing module to zoom to the focus distance; the calculating a focus distance according to the sequence of photoelectric response values comprises: dividing the sequence of photoelectric response values into K groups, each group containing MxN photoelectric response values; calculating a corresponding light intensity amplitude value according to each group of photoelectric response values to obtain K light intensity amplitude values; determining the focus distance corresponding to the maximum value in the K light intensity amplitude values as the focus distance X; the calculating a corresponding light intensity amplitude value according to each group of photoelectric response values to obtain K light intensity amplitude values comprises: dividing each group of MxN photoelectric response values into M groups, each group containing N photoelectric response values; calculating a light intensity amplitude value according to each group of N photoelectric response values by a light intensity amplitude value calculation formula to obtain M light intensity amplitude values, the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula being: wherein, is the mth light intensity amplitude value, is the mth group of projections is the photoelectric response value of the detection output corresponding to the phase shift image, wherein m is the serial number of the light intensity amplitude value, m = 1, 2, 3 … M, n = 0, 1 … N, k = 1, 2, 3 … K. summing up the M light intensity amplitude values corresponding to the M groups to obtain a light intensity amplitude value; repeating the step of calculating a light intensity amplitude value according to each group of N photoelectric response values by the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula until each group of photoelectric response values is calculated to obtain K light intensity amplitude values.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the determining the focus distance corresponding to the maximum value in the K light intensity amplitude values as the focus distance X comprises: comparing the K light intensity amplitude values calculated to determine the maximum light intensity amplitude value; obtaining the corresponding serial number s of the maximum light intensity amplitude value; calculating the focus distance X according to a focus distance calculation formula and the serial number s; wherein the focus distance calculation formula is X=[x1+(x2-x1)×(s-1) / K], s being a positive integer between 1 and K.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, the projection module at least comprises a spatial light modulator and a light source; the focusing module at least comprises an adjustable focus lens; wherein the zooming range of the adjustable focus lens is recorded as [x1, x2].

4. An apparatus for autofocusing of single-pixel microscopic imaging, characterized in that, utilizing the single-pixel microscopic imaging autofocus method of claim 1 to perform autofocus.

5. An autofocus system for single-pixel microscopic imaging, characterized in that, comprising: an image projection unit for controlling the projection module to generate a first image and project to a target surface to obtain a second image; A focusing unit is configured to control a focusing module to continuously and uniformly zoom a zooming range from x1 to x2 to adjust the sharpness of the second image, wherein the zooming range of the focusing module is [x1, x2]; A light intensity detection unit is configured to control a detection module to continuously detect the light intensity of the second image during the zooming of the focusing module and output a sequence of photoelectric response values; A focal length calculation unit is configured to calculate a focus focal length according to the sequence of photoelectric response values; A zooming unit is configured to control the focusing module to zoom to the focus focal length; Wherein: The calculation of the focus focal length according to the sequence of photoelectric response values comprises: dividing the sequence of photoelectric response values into K groups, each group containing MxN photoelectric response values; calculating a corresponding light intensity amplitude value according to each group of photoelectric response values to obtain K light intensity amplitude values; determining the focal length corresponding to the maximum value in the K light intensity amplitude values as the focus focal length X; The calculation of the corresponding light intensity amplitude value according to each group of photoelectric response values to obtain K light intensity amplitude values comprises: dividing each group of MxN photoelectric response values into M groups, each group containing N photoelectric response values; calculating one light intensity amplitude value for each group of N photoelectric response values according to a light intensity amplitude value calculation formula to obtain M light intensity amplitude values, wherein the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula is: wherein, is the mth light intensity amplitude value, is the mth group of projections is the photoelectric response value of the detection output corresponding to the phase shift image, wherein m is the serial number of the light intensity amplitude value, m = 1, 2, 3 … M, n = 0, 1 … N, k = 1, 2, 3 … K. summing up the M light intensity amplitude values corresponding to the M groups to obtain one light intensity amplitude value; repeating the step of calculating one light intensity amplitude value for each group of N photoelectric response values according to the light intensity amplitude value calculation formula until the calculation for each group of photoelectric response values is completed to obtain K light intensity amplitude values.

6. An electronic device, comprising: comprises a processor and a memory; the memory is configured to store a program; the processor executes the program to implement the automatic focusing method of single-pixel microscopic imaging according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program, and the program is executed by the processor to implement the automatic focusing method of single-pixel microscopic imaging according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

Images