Fly ash sorting device for extracting glass beads from fly ash

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of fly ash separation, and particularly relates to a fly ash separation device based on fly ash extraction of glass microbeads. The present application comprises a magnetic bead separation assembly, a floating bead separation assembly and a carbon particle flotation assembly, the tailing channel of the carbon particle flotation assembly is communicated with the sink bead discharge pipeline; the discharge port of the magnetic bead separation assembly comprises a magnetic bead outlet and a dry material outlet, the dry material outlet is communicated with the negative pressure cavity of the negative pressure chamber, the water cavity of the negative pressure chamber is communicated with the water tank via the first pressure pump; the floating bead separation assembly comprises a floating bead flotation tank and a liquid inlet tank, the upper impeller and the lower impeller are arranged in the liquid inlet tank, the jet path of the nozzle is horizontally directed to the blade of the upper impeller, the nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the liquid inlet tank, and the overflow port of the floating bead flotation tank constitutes the floating bead outlet. The present application has the advantages of clear and reasonable process flow, effectively ensures the separation efficiency, and can sequentially separate the high-content magnetic beads, floating beads, carbon particles and sink beads according to the process flow, so as to facilitate subsequent processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fly ash sorting technology, specifically relating to a fly ash sorting device based on the extraction of glass microspheres from fly ash. Background Technology

[0002] Fly ash is one of my country's major solid wastes. Its main components are aluminosilicates, and it also contains elements such as iron and calcium. It exists primarily in the form of oxides and unburned carbon, some of which are toxic or radioactive. Studies have found that fly ash is porous, has a large specific surface area, and contains active groups such as SiO2 and Al2O3, making it a multifunctional powdery mineral resource. There are many methods for treating fly ash, among which sorting is an important means to improve its resource utilization. Sorted fly ash can be applied in multiple fields.

[0003] Fly ash contains a special type of microsphere, mostly small, lightweight, smooth-surfaced, hollow spherical particles, known as hollow microspheres or glass microspheres. Their main chemical components are oxides of iron, aluminum, and silicon, accounting for 50% to 80% of the total fly ash content. They are an important product for the advanced utilization of fly ash. These microspheres can be classified according to their structural properties into cenospheres, submerged beads, and magnetic beads. Each type of bead has its own unique properties. By first sorting these beads and then appropriately modifying them according to their properties, their utilization value can be improved, allowing them to be applied in more fields and bringing significant economic and social benefits.

[0004] Existing methods for separating glass microspheres are mainly divided into two categories: dry separation and wet separation. Dry separation is exemplified by US Patent 4115256, while wet separation is exemplified by US Patent 4121945. Dry separation, however, is unsuitable for power plants where fly ash is in a dry powder state, as this easily generates dust and pollutes the environment during operation and transportation. Wet separation involves preparing a slurry from the dry powder and then performing flotation. However, the use of kerosene, flotation agents, and frothers contaminates the surface of the microspheres, requiring thorough cleaning for reprocessing. This results in overly complex equipment and high costs. Developing a new separation system with a clear and simple process and high separation efficiency, combining the advantages of existing methods while minimizing their disadvantages, has been a key technical challenge that has been under research and development in this field in recent years. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a fly ash sorting device based on the extraction of glass microspheres from fly ash. It has the advantages of a clear and reasonable process flow, effectively ensuring separation efficiency while sequentially sorting out high-content magnetic beads, clinker beads, carbon particles and sediment beads according to the process flow, so as to facilitate subsequent processing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A fly ash separation device for extracting glass microspheres from fly ash, characterized in that: it includes a magnetic bead separation component for separating magnetic beads by magnetic separation, a cenosphere separation component for separating cenospheres by overflow, and a carbon particle flotation component for flotation of carbon particles by bubble flotation, arranged sequentially along the material travel path; the tail material channel of the carbon particle flotation component is connected to the sediment discharge pipe; wherein:

[0008] The discharge port of the magnetic bead separation component includes a magnetic bead outlet and a dry material outlet. The dry material outlet is connected to the negative pressure chamber of the negative pressure chamber. The water chamber of the negative pressure chamber is connected to the water tank via the first pressurizing pump, so that the liquid in the water chamber mixes with the dry material in the negative pressure chamber and is sprayed out of the nozzle.

[0009] The cenosphere separation assembly includes a cenosphere flotation box and an inlet tank located inside the cenosphere flotation box. The inlet tank is a fully enclosed box structure. A stirring shaft with its axis vertically arranged is arranged rotatably inside the inlet tank. An upper impeller and a lower impeller are arranged sequentially from top to bottom on the stirring shaft. The spray path of the nozzle points horizontally to the blades of the upper impeller. A nozzle for spraying into the cenosphere flotation box is provided at the bottom of the inlet tank. The overflow port of the cenosphere flotation box constitutes the cenosphere outlet.

[0010] Preferably, a flow stabilizing valve is provided at the spray chamber of the nozzle, and the total output of all nozzles equals the spray volume of the nozzle equals the output of the float flotation box.

[0011] Preferably, the magnetic bead separation assembly includes a sorting box with a vertically arranged sorting path. The top inlet forms a fly ash inlet, and the bottom outlet forms a dry material outlet. The inner cavity of the sorting box between the fly ash inlet and the dry material outlet forms a discharge zone. At least one side of the discharge zone is provided with a horizontally oriented rotary wheel. The rotary wheel blades are magnetic suction plates that can control the magnitude or switching of the magnetic suction force, or the magnetic suction plates are attached to the blades. The rotary wheel blades divide the cavity of the sorting box into a discharge zone and a magnetic bead zone. When the rotary wheel rotates, it can attract the magnetic beads in the fly ash in the discharge zone and transport them to the magnetic bead zone, and then let them flow out through the magnetic bead outlet at the bottom of the magnetic bead zone.

[0012] Preferably, a coil is provided inside the magnetic absorbing sheet, so that the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic absorbing sheet can be switched on and off by energizing it; the electrical signal input of the coil is connected to the electronic control component through the brush assembly located at the end of the rotating wheel shaft.

[0013] Preferably, there are two or more rotating wheels arranged sequentially along the length of the material drop area, with the two or more rotating wheels forming a sorting unit. There are two sorting units, which are placed on both sides of the material drop area. When the rotating wheel blades at the sorting unit on the corresponding side are in a vertical state, the area between the rotating wheel blades and the wall of the sorting box on that side constitutes the magnetic bead area.

[0014] Preferably, a fan for blowing air from top to bottom is arranged directly above the magnetic bead area.

[0015] Preferably, partitions are arranged between two adjacent rotors in the same sorting unit, between the uppermost rotor and the top wall of the sorting box, and between the lowermost rotor and the bottom wall of the sorting box.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom outlet of the cenosphere separation component is connected to the feed mixing tank; a mixing assembly with a stirring wheel is installed inside the feed mixing tank, and a flotation agent feed tank for inputting flotation agent into the feed mixing tank is installed outside the feed mixing tank; the bottom outlet of the feed mixing tank is pumped into the carbon particle flotation tank of the carbon particle flotation component via a second pressurizing pump; a distribution chamber is arranged at the top of the carbon particle flotation tank, the liquid inlet of the distribution chamber is connected to the outlet of the second pressurizing pump, the gas inlet of the distribution chamber is connected to an air pump, and the gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber extends into the flotation chamber of the carbon particle flotation tank; The flotation chamber is equipped with a vertically oriented foaming plate. The rotating shaft of the foaming plate extends vertically downward and is driven by a motor. An airflow channel is provided inside the rotating shaft to connect the foaming chamber of the foaming plate and the air pump. The upper surface of the foaming plate is arranged with air holes that connect to the foaming chamber. The upper surface of the foaming plate is covered with a breathable membrane. The micropores in the breathable membrane are smaller than the pores. The liquid outlet of the gas-liquid outlet in the upper distribution chamber points to the breathable membrane below. An overflow collection hood is provided in the flotation chamber, and a carbon particle outlet is provided in the overflow collection hood.

[0017] Preferably, the upper surface of the foaming plate is a conical surface with the tip pointing upwards, and the air holes are arranged on the conical surface of the foaming plate; the gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber is a funnel shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and each gas-liquid outlet is evenly distributed above the foaming plate.

[0018] Preferably, a tailings channel for discharging tailings is provided at the bottom of the carbon particle flotation box, which is connected to the tailings bin. An industrial camera is arranged inside the tailings bin to photograph the surface color of the tailings. By collecting photos of carbon and sediment beads at various ratios, an image database is formed. Based on the ResNet image recognition algorithm, a recognition model is constructed using labels and the established image database. The recognition model is then optimized and its recognition accuracy is improved to a specified value using a learning algorithm. Subsequently, the surface color of the tailings in the tailings bin at a specified time, captured by the industrial camera, is used to identify the range of carbon content in the tailings bin through the recognition model. A threshold is set for the range of carbon content in the tailings bin. If the carbon content in the tailings bin is equal to or exceeds the threshold, the tailings enter the feed mixing tank. If the carbon content in the tailings bin is lower than the threshold, it is discharged from the sediment bead discharge pipe.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] 1) Through the above scheme, on the one hand, the entire system of the present invention is composed of three separation structures, which can sequentially separate high-content magnetic beads, cenospheres, carbon particles, and even the final sediment beads, with a clear and reasonable overall process. On the other hand, as the intermediate component, the cenosphere separation component operates under dynamic equilibrium conditions throughout the entire process. The fully enclosed inlet tank, connected only by a nozzle, ensures that disturbances in the slurry within the inner cavity (i.e., the inlet tank) do not affect the static separation of cenospheres within the outer cavity (i.e., the cenosphere flotation tank). This achieves simultaneous and continuous operation of feeding and separation in the cenosphere separation process, saving the waiting time for static separation after stirring compared to traditional methods. It is more in line with the standards of industrialized cenosphere separation and has higher separation efficiency.

[0021] 2) The setting of the flow stabilizing valve further ensures the steady flow jetting effect of the nozzles, maximizing the static separation of cenospheres within the cenosphere flotation tank. Furthermore, the total discharge from all nozzles equals the jetting volume of the nozzles equals the discharge volume from the cenosphere flotation tank. This means that by strictly controlling the slurry feed into the inner cavity and the outflow through the flow stabilizing valve, the slurry feed into the inner cavity equals the outflow through the flow stabilizing valve, ensuring a constant slurry level within the inner cavity. Simultaneously, the outflow from the outer cavity is strictly controlled to equal the inflow through the flow stabilizing valve, ultimately achieving a dynamic balance in the cenosphere separation assembly. During operation, since the operating pressure of the cenosphere separation assembly of this invention relies on the jetting from the negative pressure chamber, and due to the closed nature of the inlet tank, the nozzle jetting volume can be completely controlled by the jetting volume of the nozzles, ultimately ensuring the validity of the above equation.

[0022] 3) The magnetic bead separation assembly achieves rapid separation of magnetic beads by energizing and de-energizing the coil. Furthermore, the magnetic process is controllable; increasing or decreasing the number of magnetic plates at the rotor can extend or shorten the magnetic separation time to obtain primary magnetic bead products that meet the required component content. In addition, the magnetic bead separation assembly uses dry separation, while the subsequent process uses wet separation. This combination of dry and wet methods effectively reduces contamination throughout the separation process and ensures both separation effect and efficiency.

[0023] In addition, it should be noted that no flotation agent is used in the wet separation of the cenospheres. The flotation agent is only added when the carbon particles are in the flotation assembly. This effectively reduces the pollution during operation and reduces the additional pollution to the magnetic beads and cenospheres caused by the addition of the flotation agent. It also reduces the complexity and cost of subsequent cleaning processes, resulting in significant benefits.

[0024] 4) The fan arrangement facilitates the rapid detachment of magnetic beads from the magnetic plates within the magnetic bead zone and their fall to the magnetic bead outlet. The baffle plate is designed to fill the gap between adjacent impellers as much as possible, preventing fly ash in the material drop zone from seeping into the magnetic bead zone through this gap, thus ensuring the separation quality of the magnetic beads.

[0025] 5) Considering the tiny size of carbon particles, the bubble generation module of the carbon particle flotation component, through a permeable membrane, ensures that it is not easily clogged. Furthermore, the transformation of bubbles into microbubbles further promotes the effective flotation process. Simultaneously, because bubbles generated at the pores of the foaming plate impact the permeable membrane, bulging occurs on the membrane surface, affecting its normal operation. Here, the rotation of the foaming plate drives the permeable membrane to rotate synchronously, causing the bubble impact point to continuously change. The bulging parts then shrink back, and other areas subsequently bulge and shrink. This bulging and shrinking of the permeable membrane surface further prevents particle deposition on the membrane surface, ensuring both normal air permeability and extending the membrane's service life—a win-win situation.

[0026] 6) This invention adds a tailings bin as an intermediate transition component, thereby achieving high-efficiency extraction of sediment beads by relying on the tailings processing flow in the tailings bin, and minimizing the carbon content in the sediment beads, with significant results. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microsphere separation component;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic bead separation assembly.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon particle flotation assembly.

[0031] The actual correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in this invention is as follows:

[0032] 10-Magnetic bead separation assembly; 10a-Magnetic bead outlet; 10b-Dry material outlet; 10c-Discharge zone; 10d-Magnetic bead zone; 11-Sorting box; 12-Rotator; 13-Fan; 14-Baffle plate;

[0033] 20-Cryptoflot separation assembly; 21-Negative pressure chamber; 22-First pressurizing pump; 23-Water tank; 24-Nozzle; 25-Cryptoflot flotation box; 26-Inlet tank; 26a-Nozzle; 27a-Upper impeller; 27b-Lower impeller; 28-Cryptoflot outlet;

[0034] 30-Carbon particle flotation assembly; 31-Feed mixing tank; 32-Agitator wheel; 33-Flotation agent feed tank; 34-Second pressurizing pump; 35-Carbon particle flotation tank; 35a-Distribution chamber; 35b-Flotation chamber; 35c-Carbon particle outlet; 36-Foaming plate; 36a-Rotating shaft; 37-Air pump; 38-Power motor; 39-Tail feed box;

[0035] 40 - Sinking ball discharge pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] For ease of understanding, this section combines... Figure 1-4 The specific structure and operation of the present invention are further described below:

[0037] This invention provides a combined fly ash sorting device that, according to its process, can sequentially separate high-content magnetic beads, cenospheres, carbon particles, and sedimentary beads for subsequent processing. The combined fly ash sorting device has a specific process flow, combining the sorting of three types of hollow microspheres with carbon particle sorting. Compared to traditional fly ash sorting devices, it has a wider application range and better sorting performance.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the actual working structure of the present invention includes a magnetic bead separation component 10, a cenosphere separation component 20, and a carbon particle flotation component 30 arranged sequentially along the material travel path, wherein:

[0039] 1. Magnetic bead separation assembly 10

[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the sorting box 11 of the magnetic bead separation assembly 10 has two magnetic bead zones 10d and one discharge zone 10c. Fly ash is poured into the discharge zone 10c through the fly ash inlet. The discharge zone 10c and the magnetic bead zones 10d are separated by a partition 14 of a certain thickness. Rotary wheels 12 of a certain thickness and with smooth surfaces are arranged at regular intervals on the partition 14. In this embodiment, a closed coil is arranged inside the blades of each rotary wheel 12 to form a magnetic suction plate. Alternatively, magnetic suction plates with built-in coils can be directly attached to the blades. The coils are controlled by an external electronic control component. The control method of the electronic control component is conventional signal transmission and on / off mode, which will not be described in detail here. At the same time, if necessary, a sensor can be arranged next to the rotary wheel 12 to identify the passage status of the blades of the rotary wheel 12 to improve the accuracy of material suction and release.

[0041] When the magnetic bead separation assembly 10 is actually working, such as Figure 1-2As shown, the left-hand rotating wheel 12 rotates clockwise, while the right-hand rotating wheel 12 rotates counterclockwise. When the magnetic absorbing plate of the rotating wheel 12 passes the sensor from the magnetic bead area 10d and enters the material drop area 10c, the internal coil of the magnetic absorbing plate at the rotating wheel 12 in the material drop area 10c closes, energizing with alternating current and generating a magnetic field. The magnetic beads in the fly ash are attracted to the surface of the magnetic absorbing plate under the action of the magnetic field. When the magnetic absorbing plate passes the sensor from the material drop area 10c and enters the magnetic bead area 10d, the internal coil of the corresponding magnetic absorbing plate in the magnetic bead area 10d opens, and the magnetic beads are quickly detached from the surface of the magnetic absorbing plate under the action of the fan 13 above the magnetic bead area 10d and fall downwards. The smooth surface of the magnetic absorbing plate prevents the magnetic beads from depositing on the surface, and ultimately the magnetic beads are discharged from the magnetic bead outlet 10a of the magnetic bead area 10d. Other components of the fly ash cannot be attracted to the surface of the magnetic absorbing plate because they are not magnetic, and the rotation of the rotating wheel 12 also generates a certain amount of wind force to drive other parts to fall. Other components of fly ash are discharged from the dry material outlet 10b of the material discharge zone 10c. To ensure clean separation of the magnetic beads, the separation process can be extended by increasing the number of rotors 12.

[0042] II. Bead Separation Component 20

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first pressurizing pump 22 rapidly pumps water from the water tank 23 into the pipeline, generating a certain negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber 21. Under the action of negative pressure, the fly ash discharged from the inner cavity of the magnetic bead separation component 10 is rapidly drawn into the negative pressure chamber 21, thus entering the pipeline and mixing with water to form a primary slurry. The primary slurry is jetted through the nozzle 24 at the end of the pipeline, impacting the upper impeller 27a at the inlet tank 26 inside the float bead separation component 20, driving the upper impeller 27a to rotate. Under the linkage of the stirring shaft, the lower impeller 27b also rotates under the drive of the upper impeller 27a, thereby stirring the primary slurry located in the inlet tank 26; the primary slurry is fully stirred by the lower impeller 27b in the inlet tank 26 to achieve the requirement of static separation. A number of nozzles 26a with flow stabilizing valves are arranged at the bottom of the inlet tank 26. The function of the flow stabilizing valve is to stabilize the flow rate of the slurry and eliminate slurry fluctuations caused by the agitation of the lower impeller 27b, allowing the slurry to smoothly enter the outer cavity, i.e., the cuvette flotation tank 25. The slurry enters the cuvette flotation tank 25 stably through the flow stabilizing valve. Because the cuvettes are less dense than water, they float and flow out from the upper cuvette outlet 28; the rest, because the cuvettes are denser than water, sink and flow into the next stage from the bottom discharge port.

[0044] In actual design, the cenosphere separation assembly 20 requires strict control of the slurry feed rate into the inlet tank 26 and the outflow rate from the nozzle 26a. By designing the slurry feed size and the number of flow stabilizing valves, the slurry feed rate into the inlet tank 26 can be equal to the outflow rate from the nozzle 26a, ensuring a constant slurry level within the inlet tank 26. Simultaneously, the outflow rate from the cenosphere flotation tank 25 also needs to be strictly controlled to equal the outflow rate from the nozzle 26a. That is: the slurry jet feed rate into the inlet tank 26 = the amount of slurry entering the cenosphere flotation tank 25 through the nozzle 26a = the total outflow rate from the cenosphere outlet 28 and the bottom outlet. During operation, the entire assembly's operating pressure relies on the jet from the negative pressure chamber 21. Furthermore, due to the enclosed nature of the inlet tank 26, the jetting rate from the nozzle 26a can be completely controlled by the jetting rate from the nozzle 24, ultimately ensuring the validity of the above equation.

[0045] Through the above design, the entire cenosphere separation assembly 20 will be in a dynamic equilibrium working condition. The disturbance of the slurry in the inlet tank 26 will not affect the static separation of cenospheres in the cenosphere flotation box 25. The cenosphere flotation box 25 is not completely static, thus achieving the goal of simultaneous feeding and separation in the cenosphere separation operation and continuous operation. Compared with the traditional method, it saves the waiting time for static separation after stirring, which is more in line with the standard of industrialization of cenosphere separation.

[0046] III. Carbon particle flotation component 30

[0047] The most significant features of the carbon particle flotation component 30 of this invention are the feed source and the bubble generator.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, since the feed to the carbon particle flotation component 30 comes from the slurry discharged from the bottom of the cenosphere separation component 20, the feed pipe of the feed mixing tank 31 is connected to the bottom discharge port of the cenosphere separation component 20.

[0049] Because of the small particle size of fly ash, the pores of traditional bubble generators are more prone to clogging. To solve this problem, a permeable membrane is installed over the foaming plate 36 of the bubble generator. A power motor 38 drives a bevel gear transmission mechanism or other power transmission components, which in turn rotates the foaming plate 36 via a rotating shaft 36a, causing the permeable membrane to move accordingly. The bubbles generated by the bubble generator must pass through the permeable membrane to enter the flotation chamber.

[0050] The breathable membrane is a commercially available component. Here, a pore size of 0.1-10μm is selected, so the bubbles are transformed into a large number of microbubbles that enter the flotation chamber 35b of the carbon particle flotation box 35 to participate in flotation, resulting in better flotation performance. Because the bubbles generated at the pores of the foaming plate 36 impact the breathable membrane, bulging occurs on the surface of the membrane, affecting its normal operation. However, the rotation of the foaming plate 36 of the bubble generator drives the breathable membrane to rotate synchronously, causing the bubble impact point to continuously change. The bulging parts then shrink back, and other areas experience repeated bulging and shrinking. This bulging and shrinking of the breathable membrane surface further prevents particle deposition, ensuring both normal air permeability and the membrane's service life—a win-win situation.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the working process of the carbon particle flotation component 30 is as follows:

[0052] The slurry discharged from the bottom outlet of the cenosphere separation component 20 enters the feed mixing tank 31 through a pipeline. Under the action of the stirring wheel 32, the slurry and flotation reagents are fully mixed. The well-mixed slurry flows from the bottom into the distribution chamber 35a by the second pressurizing pump 34. At the same time, the air pump 37 sends air into the bubble generator and the distribution chamber 35a. The slurry and some air mix in the distribution chamber 35a and enter the flotation chamber 35b through the gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber 35a. The bubbles generated by the bubble generator are separated into a large number of microbubbles through the permeable membrane and also enter the flotation chamber 35b. At this time, the falling carbon particles collide with the rising microbubbles. As the bubbles rise, they enter the overflow collection hood in the upper layer of the carbon particle flotation tank 35 and are discharged from the carbon particle outlet 35c in the overflow collection hood. The sediment and a small amount of impurities will flow downward and be discharged into the tailings box 39 through the tailings channel. The carbon content in the tailings bin 39 needs to be monitored. If the carbon content is too high, the circulating slurry pipeline is opened, and the tailings in the tailings bin 39 re-enters the feed mixing tank 31 for secondary flotation. If the carbon content in the tailings bin 39 is low, the sediment discharge pipeline 40 is opened, and the sediment and a small amount of impurities are discharged through it.

[0053] Thus, as Figure 1 As shown, the overall process of this invention is as follows:

[0054] Fly ash enters the discharge zone 10c of the magnetic bead separation component 10. Magnetic beads are discharged from the magnetic bead outlet 10a at the bottom of the magnetic bead zone 10d of the magnetic bead separation component 10. The remaining components, under the negative pressure generated by the jet, rapidly enter the pipe from the dry material outlet 10b at the bottom of the discharge zone 10c of the magnetic bead separation component 10 and mix with water. Subsequently, the jet from the nozzle 24 at the end of the pipe impacts the upper impeller 27a of the inlet tank 26 of the cenosphere separation component 20. The upper impeller 27a of the inlet tank 26 of the cenosphere separation component 20 drives the lower impeller 27b to rotate and stir the slurry. The fully stirred slurry enters the cenosphere flotation tank 25 stably through the nozzle 26a with a flow stabilizing valve for separation. The separation point here is located in the area between the cenosphere flotation tank 25 and the inlet tank 26, that is, in the outer cavity. At this point, the cenospheres are discharged from the cenosphere outlet 28, and the remaining slurry is discharged from the bottom of the cenosphere flotation tank 25 and enters the feed mixing tank 31 to be fully mixed with the flotation reagents in the flotation reagent feed tank 33. Then, the slurry enters the distribution chamber 35a via the second pressurization pump 34, mixes with air, and enters the flotation chamber 35b of the carbon particle flotation tank 35 through the gas-liquid outlet. The descending carbon particles collide with the rising air bubbles and thus rise with the air bubbles into the overflow collection hood. The carbon particles are discharged from the carbon particle outlet 35c in the overflow collection hood, and the tailings are discharged from the bottom of the flotation chamber 35b into the tailings tank 39.

[0055] Since the carbon particles in fly ash are black and the sediment is silver-gray, the color of the slurry will vary slightly depending on the ratio of carbon to sediment in the tailings bin 39. Therefore, an industrial camera can be installed inside the tailings bin 39 to photograph the surface color of the tailings. An image database is created by collecting photos at various carbon-to-sediment ratios. Based on the ResNet image recognition algorithm, a recognition model is constructed using labels and the established image database. A learning algorithm is then used to optimize the recognition model and improve its accuracy to a specified value. Subsequently, the surface color of the tailings in the tailings bin 39 at a specified time, captured by the industrial camera, is used to determine the range of carbon content within the tailings bin 39. A threshold is set for the carbon content range. If the carbon content in the tailings bin 39 is equal to or exceeds this threshold, the tailings enter the feed mixing tank 31. If the carbon content in the tailings bin 39 is below this threshold, it is discharged from the sediment discharge pipe 40.

[0056] Through the above process, magnetic beads, cenospheres, carbon particles, and sediment particles in fly ash can be separated in sequence and efficiently, and then can enter the subsequent purification or processing and utilization stages.

[0057] Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, but also includes the same or similar structures that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0058] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0059] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A fly ash separation device for extracting glass microbeads from fly ash, characterized by: The application relates to a magnetic bead separation assembly (10), a floating bead separation assembly (20) and a carbon particle flotation assembly (30) which are sequentially arranged along a material running path, the carbon particle flotation assembly (30) is used for separating carbon particles by a bubble method, and a tailing channel of the carbon particle flotation assembly (30) is communicated with a sink bead discharge pipeline (40). The discharge port of the magnetic bead separation assembly (10) comprises a magnetic bead outlet (10a) and a dry material outlet (10b), the dry material outlet (10b) is communicated with a negative pressure cavity of a negative pressure chamber (21), a liquid cavity of the negative pressure chamber (21) is communicated with a water tank (23) through a first pressurizing pump (22), so that the liquid in the liquid cavity and the dry material in the negative pressure cavity are mixed together and sprayed out of a spray port (24); The floating bead separation assembly (20) comprises a floating bead flotation box (25) and a liquid inlet box (26) arranged in the floating bead flotation box (25); the liquid inlet box (26) is a fully-closed box structure, a stirring shaft with a vertical axis is arranged in the liquid inlet box (26) in a rotary manner, an upper impeller (27a) and a lower impeller (27b) are sequentially arranged at the stirring shaft from top to bottom, a spraying path of the spray port (24) is horizontally directed to the blade of the upper impeller (27a), a nozzle (26a) for spraying into the floating bead flotation box (25) is arranged at the bottom of the liquid inlet box (26), and an overflow port of the floating bead flotation box (25) constitutes a floating bead outlet (28); A flow stabilizing valve is arranged at the spray cavity of the nozzle (26a), and the total discharge amount of all the nozzles (26a) = the spraying amount of the spray port (24) = the discharge amount of the floating bead flotation box (25); A bottom discharge port of the floating bead separation assembly (20) is communicated with a material stirring box (31); a stirring assembly with a stirring wheel (32) is arranged in the material stirring box (31), a flotation agent feeding box (33) for feeding a flotation agent into the material stirring box (31) is arranged outside the material stirring box (31); a bottom outlet of the material stirring box (31) is pumped into a carbon particle flotation box (35) of the carbon particle flotation assembly (30) through a second pressurizing pump (34); a distribution chamber (35a) is arranged at the top of the carbon particle flotation box (35), a liquid inlet of the distribution chamber (35a) is communicated with the outlet of the second pressurizing pump (34), a gas inlet of the distribution chamber (35a) is communicated with a gas pump (37), and a gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber (35a) extends into a flotation chamber (35b) of the carbon particle flotation box (35); a foaming plate (36) with a vertical axis is arranged in the flotation chamber (35b) in a rotary manner, a rotary shaft (36a) of the foaming plate (36) extends vertically downward and is driven by a power motor (38), a gas flow channel is arranged in the rotary shaft (36a) to connect the foaming cavity of the foaming plate (36) and the gas pump (37) respectively, gas holes are arranged on the upper surface of the foaming plate (36) and communicated with the foaming cavity, a gas permeable film is arranged on the upper surface of the foaming plate (36), the pore diameter of the gas permeable film is smaller than that of the gas holes, the mixed liquid outlet path of the gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber (35a) located above is directed to the gas permeable film located below, an overflow collecting cover is arranged at the flotation chamber (35b), and a carbon particle outlet (35c) is arranged at the overflow collecting cover.

2. The fly ash based glass microbeads extraction fly ash separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic bead separation assembly (10) comprises a sorting box (11), the sorting path of the sorting box (11) is vertically arranged, the top end inlet constitutes a fly ash inlet, the bottom end outlet constitutes a dry material outlet (10b), the inner cavity of the sorting box (11) between the fly ash inlet and the dry material outlet (10b) constitutes a material falling area (10c); at least one side of the material falling area (10c) is provided with an axis horizontal rotating wheel (12), the blade of the rotating wheel (12) is a magnetic attraction piece with controllable magnetic attraction force or on-off magnetic attraction force, or the blade is attached with the magnetic attraction piece; the blade of the rotating wheel (12) separates the cavity of the sorting box (11) into the material falling area (10c) and a magnetic bead area (10d), and when the rotating wheel (12) rotates, the magnetic beads in the fly ash in the material falling area (10c) can be adsorbed and transferred to the magnetic bead area (10d), and then flow out through the magnetic bead outlet (10a) at the bottom of the magnetic bead area (10d).

3. The fly ash based glass microbeads extraction fly ash separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetic attraction piece is provided with a coil, so that the on-off of the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic attraction piece is realized by the on-off of the power supply; The electric signal connection port of the coil is connected to the electric control assembly through the brush assembly at the shaft end of the rotating wheel (12).

4. The fly ash based glass microbeads extraction fly ash separating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating wheel (12) is more than two and is sequentially arranged along the length direction of the material falling area (10c), the two or more rotating wheels (12) constitute a sorting unit, the sorting unit is two and is arranged at the two sides of the material falling area (10c); when the blade of the rotating wheel (12) at the corresponding side of the sorting unit is in a vertical state, the area between the blade of the rotating wheel (12) and the wall of the sorting box (11) at the side constitutes the magnetic bead area (10d).

5. The fly ash based glass microsphere extraction fly ash separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A fan (13) for blowing from top to bottom is arranged above the magnetic bead area (10d).

6. The fly ash based glass microsphere extraction fly ash separating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A partition plate (14) is arranged between the two adjacent rotating wheels (12) of the same sorting unit, between the uppermost rotating wheel (12) and the top wall of the sorting box (11), and between the lowermost rotating wheel (12) and the bottom wall of the sorting box (11).

7. The fly ash based glass microbeads extraction fly ash separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the foaming plate (36) is a conical surface with a tapered tip upward, and the air holes are arranged at the conical surface of the foaming plate (36); the gas-liquid outlet of the distribution chamber (35a) is a horn-shaped outlet with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and each gas-liquid outlet is arranged above the foaming plate (36).

8. The fly ash based glass microbeads extraction fly ash separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tailing channel for guiding the tailings is arranged at the bottom of the carbon particle flotation box (35), and the tailing channel is connected to a tailing box (39); an industrial camera for taking pictures of the surface color of the tailings in the tailing box (39) is arranged in the tailing box (39), a picture database is formed by collecting pictures of different proportions of carbon and sinking beads, a recognition model is constructed based on the resnet image recognition algorithm and the label and the established picture database, and the recognition model is optimized and the recognition accuracy of the recognition model is improved to a specified value by relying on a learning algorithm. Subsequently, the color of the tailings surface in the tailings box (39) at the specified time is photographed by an industrial camera, and the recognition model is used for recognition, so as to obtain the range of the carbon content in the tailings box (39); a threshold value is set for the range of the carbon content in the tailings box (39), if the carbon content in the tailings box (39) is equal to or exceeds the threshold value, the tailings enter the feeding and stirring box (31), if the carbon content in the tailings box (39) is lower than the threshold value, the tailings are discharged from the sink bead discharge pipeline (40).

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