Mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device and method based on composite drill pipe

Abstract

The application provides a mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device and method based on a composite drill rod, which comprises a drill rod, a main drill bit and side drill bits, the drill rod comprises a sleeve and a transmission shaft arranged in the sleeve, a plurality of first bevel gears are fixed on the outside of the transmission shaft and are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft, a plurality of rows of lateral openings are arranged on the sleeve and outside the first bevel gears, the main drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the transmission shaft, and a plurality of rows of side drill bits are distributed at intervals on the sleeve, each side drill bit passes through a lateral opening and is meshed with the first bevel gear through a second bevel gear, the transmission shaft is rotated to drive the main drill bit and the plurality of rows of side drill bits to rotate to form a blast hole with a vertical cutting groove to a certain depth, and the sleeve is rotated to make the plurality of rows of side drill bits cut annular grooves in the horizontal direction. The application can improve the three-dimensional breaking effect of rocks, meet the block size requirement, and improve the blasting technology of mechanized and efficient construction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of rock mass engineering blasting excavation control, and particularly relates to a mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device and method based on a composite drill rod. BACKGROUND

[0002] In large engineering construction such as hydropower, mining, petrochemical and transportation, the problem of rock mass blasting breaking effect control is usually faced, and the difficulty of joint breaking and the distribution of post-blasting block size directly affect the blasting construction quality and the subsequent processing and utilization of stone. Especially under the current requirement of green construction, a large number of material field excavation and hole excavation of pumped storage power station, especially under high stress condition, stress clamping and stress concentration will also affect the blasting joint forming, and higher requirements are put forward for the blasting block size. In view of such problems, the traditional blasting method mainly controls the post-blasting block size by adjusting the charge amount, charge structure in the conventional circular blast hole and adjusting the hole spacing. This method still cannot effectively control the random cracks around the circular blast hole, and can only control the block size within a certain range. Especially in the direction along the hole axis, the joint forming mechanism is not clear, and the rock fracture condition cannot be effectively predicted, which brings difficulties to the three-dimensional size of the rock blasting block size control, and cannot meet the current fine blasting excavation block size requirements.

[0003] And the traditional blasting device cannot accurately control the blasting joint expansion path, especially in the three-dimensional specific breaking effect required, which is limited and cannot meet the fine block size requirements of continuous development. SUMMARY

[0004] According to the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device and method based on a composite drill rod, which can not only improve the three-dimensional breaking effect of rock and meet the block size requirements, but also improve the mechanized and efficient blasting technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0006] A mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device based on a composite drill rod, comprising:

[0007] The drill rod comprises a sleeve and a transmission shaft arranged in the sleeve, a plurality of first bevel gears are fixed on the outer side of the transmission shaft and are distributed at a certain distance along the axial direction of the transmission shaft, a main drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the transmission shaft, and a plurality of rows of lateral openings are arranged on the sleeve and arranged on the outer side of the plurality of first bevel gears;

[0008] The main drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the transmission shaft;

[0009] A plurality of rows of side drill bits are distributed at intervals on the sleeve, each of the side drill bits penetrating the one lateral opening and engaging the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear;

[0010] Wherein, rotating the transmission shaft drives the main drill bit and the plurality of rows of side drill bits to rotate to form a blast hole with vertical cutting grooves to a certain depth, and rotating the sleeve causes the plurality of rows of side drill bits to cut annular cutting grooves in the horizontal direction, and the blast hole with vertical cutting grooves and the annular cutting grooves jointly form a directional cutting groove hole.

[0011] Further, the top of the sleeve is detachably sleeved with a horizontal cutting groove rotating table, the horizontal cutting groove rotating table is driven to rotate by a motor, and the thickness of the rock cut by the adjacent two rows of side drill bits is controlled by the spacing of the adjacent two rows of side drill bits.

[0012] Further, the number and distribution of each row of side drill bits and the distribution of the plurality of three-dimensional directional breaking devices are set according to the lumpiness shape of the required rock.

[0013] Further, when it is required to form a rock with a rectangular cross section, the plurality of three-dimensional directional breaking devices are arranged in a rectangular array, and each row of side drill bits is provided with four side drill bits, which are distributed in a cross shape.

[0014] Further, when more than 5 vertical cutting grooves are required, at least two rows of side drill bits are arranged staggered up and down.

[0015] Further, the side drill bits and the main drill bit are both conical.

[0016] Further, the side drill bits are provided with helical cutters.

[0017] A mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking method based on a composite drill rod, using any one of the mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking devices based on a composite drill rod, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Arranging the three-dimensional directional breaking device;

[0019] Rotating the transmission shaft to drive the main drill bit and the plurality of rows of side drill bits to rotate to form a blast hole with vertical cutting grooves to a certain depth, rotating the sleeve to cause the plurality of rows of side drill bits to cut annular cutting grooves in the horizontal direction, the blast hole with vertical cutting grooves and the annular cutting grooves jointly forming a directional cutting groove hole, and the directions of the vertical cutting grooves and the horizontal cutting grooves being three-dimensional seam forming breaking directions;

[0020] After the cutting groove hole is formed, a mixed explosive truck is used to configure low-density mixed explosives on site and to mechanically and rapidly fill the entire volume of the cutting groove hole;

[0021] Initiating to achieve the construction effect of mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking.

[0022] Further, the low-density mixed explosive is mainly mixed on site by a mixed explosive vehicle, and in the mixed explosive, hollow plastic particles are mixed to reduce the density of the emulsion explosive, so as to reduce the influence range of the crushing zone in the near zone of the blast hole and the induced surrounding rock vibration.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] The application provides a mechanical three-dimensional directional breaking device and method based on a composite drill rod, which can form fissures in the horizontal direction by several groups of side drill bits in the drilling depth range when drilling blast holes, so as to facilitate horizontal cutting. After the three-dimensional directional cutting groove hole is formed, the low-density mixed explosive is mechanically and rapidly loaded, detonated, and high-efficiency three-dimensional directional breaking is formed. Meanwhile, the cracks mainly tend to the cutting direction, so that the block size distribution of the cutting direction and the cutting depth is formed. The application can efficiently, rapidly and finely realize directional rock breaking, has high mechanical construction efficiency, and has wide application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional directional breaking device of the application.

[0026] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a top view of the fixed side drill bit on the drill rod of the application.

[0027] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a schematic view of one angle of the three-dimensional directional breaking device of the application.

[0028] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another angle of the three-dimensional directional breaking device of the application.

[0029] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a top view of the rectangular array of the multiple drill rods of the application.

[0030] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the three-dimensional directional breaking control method of the application.

[0031] 1, drill rod; 11, sleeve; 111, lateral opening; 12, transmission shaft; 2, main drill bit; 3, side drill bit; 31, spiral cutter; 4, first bevel gear; 5, second bevel gear; 6, horizontal cutting groove rotating table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] Related technologies cannot control the random fissures around circular blast holes, making it difficult to control the block size of the rock after blasting. This invention provides a mechanized three-dimensional directional crushing device based on a composite drill rod, which can control the fissures around circular blast holes during drilling, thereby controlling the block size of the rock after blasting.

[0036] This invention provides a mechanized three-dimensional directional crushing device based on a composite drill pipe, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a drill rod 1, a main drill bit 2, and a side drill bit 3. Both the main drill bit 2 and the side drill bit 3 are mounted on the drill rod 1. The main drill bit 2 is used to drill blast holes, and the side drill bit 3 is used to drill the cracks around the blast holes.

[0037] The drill rod 1 includes a sleeve 11 and a drive shaft 12 disposed inside the sleeve 11. Multiple first bevel gears 4 are fixed on the outside of the drive shaft 12 and are distributed at a certain distance along the axial direction of the drive shaft 12. The main drill bit 2 is disposed at the bottom of the drive shaft 12. The sleeve 11 is provided with multiple rows of lateral openings 111 respectively disposed on the outside of the multiple first bevel gears 4.

[0038] The main drill bit 2 is located at the bottom of the drive shaft 12.

[0039] The multiple rows of side drill bits 3 are distributed on the sleeve 11 at intervals, each side drill bit 3 penetrates a lateral opening 111 and is engaged with the first bevel gear 4 through the second bevel gear 5.

[0040] The workflow of the present application is shown as Figures 3-5

[0041] The transmission shaft 12 is rotated to rotate the main drill bit 2 to drill a blast hole, the transmission shaft 12 drives the multiple first bevel gears 4 to rotate, so that the multiple rows of second bevel gears 5 are driven to rotate simultaneously, and then the multiple rows of side drill bits 3 are driven to rotate with the main drill bit 2 to form a blast hole with a certain depth and vertical grooves;

[0042] The sleeve 11 is rotated to cut the multiple rows of side drill bits 3 into annular grooves in the horizontal direction.

[0043] The present application provides a mechanical three-dimensional directional breaking device based on a composite drill rod, when drilling a blast hole, several groups of side drill bits 3 form vertical grooves in the depth range of the blast hole, and then the sleeve 11 is rotated to cut the multiple rows of side drill bits 3 into annular grooves in the horizontal direction, which is beneficial to horizontal seam cutting. After forming a three-dimensional directional groove hole, the mechanical rapid loading of low-density mixed explosive is carried out, and the high-efficiency three-dimensional directional breaking is formed, at the same time, the cracks mainly tend to the groove direction, forming the block size distribution of the pre-planned groove direction and groove depth. The present application can efficiently, quickly and finely realize directional rock cracking and breaking, and has high mechanical construction efficiency and wide application prospect.

[0044] In the present application, the top of the sleeve 11 is detachably sleeved with a horizontal groove rotating table 6, the horizontal groove rotating table 6 is driven to rotate by a motor, and the thickness of the rock cut between the adjacent two rows of side drill bits 3 is controlled by the spacing between the adjacent two rows of side drill bits 3.

[0045] In the present application, the side drill bit 3 is rotatably connected with the lateral opening 111, specifically, a rolling bearing is arranged between the side drill bit 3 and the lateral opening 111, the lateral opening 111 is sealed by an opening-equipped end cover, and the side drill bit 3 penetrates the opening.

[0046] The number and distribution of each row of side drill bits 3 and the distribution of the multiple three-dimensional directional breaking devices are set according to the block size shape of the required rock.

[0047] For example, when a rock with a rectangular cross section is needed, the multiple three-dimensional directional breaking devices 1 are arranged in a rectangular array, and each row of side drill bits 3 is provided with four side drill bits 3, and the four side drill bits 3 are arranged in a cross shape.

[0048] When a rock with a hexagonal cross section is needed, the multiple three-dimensional directional breaking devices 1 are arranged in a hexagonal array, and each row of side drill bits 3 is provided with six side drill bits 3, and the six side drill bits 3 are arranged in a hexagonal shape. ​

[0049] In the present application, the number and distribution of each row of side drill bits 3 and the distribution of multiple three-dimensional directional breaking devices are set according to the lump shape of the required rock.

[0050] In the present application, when more than 5 cutting groove holes are required, at least two rows of side drill bits 3 are arranged staggeredly.

[0051] For example, when 8 cutting groove holes are required, the number of side drill bits in the penultimate row is set to 4, the number of side drill bits in the antepenultimate row is set to 4, and the side drill bits in the penultimate row and the side drill bits in the antepenultimate row are arranged staggeredly.

[0052] In the present application, in order to facilitate drilling, the main drill bit 2 is conical, and in order to facilitate the drilling of cracks around the blast hole, the side drill bit 3 is conical, and the side drill bit 3 is provided with a spiral cutter 31.

[0053] The present application also provides a mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking method based on a composite drill rod, which uses any one of the mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking devices based on a composite drill rod, such as Figure 6 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0054] According to the arrangement of the three-dimensional directional breaking device;

[0055] The rotation transmission shaft 12 is rotated to drive the main drill bit 2 and the multiple rows of side drill bits 3 to rotate to form a blast hole with a certain depth of vertical cutting grooves through the meshing of the first bevel gear 4 and the second bevel gear 5, and the rotation sleeve 11 is rotated to make the multiple rows of side drill bits 3 cut horizontally to form horizontal cutting grooves, and the blast hole with vertical cutting grooves and the horizontal cutting grooves together form directional cutting groove holes, and the directions of the vertical cutting grooves and the horizontal cutting grooves are three-dimensional seam forming directions.

[0056] After the cutting groove holes are formed, a mixed explosive truck is used to configure low-density mixed explosives on site and mechanically and quickly fill the entire volume of the cutting groove holes.

[0057] The blasting achieves the construction effect of mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking.

[0058] In the present application, the top of the sleeve 11 is detachably sleeved with a horizontal cutting groove rotating table 6, and the horizontal cutting groove rotating table 6 is driven to rotate by a motor to make the side drill bits 3 form a horizontal cutting groove.

[0059] In the present application, the on-site mixing of low-density mixed explosives is mainly carried out through a mixed explosive truck, and in the mixed explosive, hollow plastic particles are mixed to reduce the density of the mixed emulsion explosive, so as to reduce the influence range of the crushing zone near the blast hole and the induced vibration of the surrounding rock.

[0060] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the bench blasting construction of a permanent slope of a certain hydropower station is taken as an example. The excavation of the permanent slope of the hydropower station needs to ensure the block size distribution of the excavated rock mass while blasting the rock mass to be excavated, so as to facilitate the reuse of the rock mass as part of the foundation material and reduce the vibration effect of the blasting vibration on the rock mass in the excavated area during the blasting of the rock mass.

[0061] To solve the problem, the present application develops a mechanical three-dimensional directional breaking method based on a composite drill rod, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0062] arranging a three-dimensional directional breaking device;

[0063] vertically drilling the directional cutting slot hole by the three-dimensional directional breaking device, the interval of the directional cutting slot hole is 0.4 m, when the depth of the vertical cutting slot hole reaches 4.0 m, the front end 200 mm is an ultra-deep hole in the hole, then the slow rotation of the sleeve 11 in the drill rod 1 is started, so that several groups of side drill bits 3 form annular cutting slots in the horizontal direction within the depth range of the vertical cutting slot hole, and the vertical cutting slot hole and the annular cutting slot in the horizontal direction form a directional cutting slot hole together, and the directions of the vertical cutting slot and the annular cutting slot are the three-dimensional jointing breaking directions;

[0064] After the cutting slot hole is formed, a mixed explosive car is used to configure low-density mixed explosives on site and mechanically and quickly fill the entire volume of the cutting slot hole;

[0065] The initiation, since the cracks mainly tend to the cutting slot direction, achieves the construction effect of mechanical and efficient three-dimensional directional breaking.

[0066] In the present application, the drill rod 1 is designed as a fixed rigid sleeve 11 with a diameter of 65 mm and a length of 4.2 m, and the inside is designed as a transmission shaft 12 with multiple first bevel gears 4, with a diameter of 45 mm, and the maximum radius of the main drill bit is 76 mm; the transmission shaft 12 is provided with a first bevel gear 4 at a distance of 100 mm and 150 mm from the front end.

[0067] Two groups of two parallel and mutually perpendicular side openings 111 (one group at 0° and 180° positions, and one group at 90° and 360° positions) are arranged at different segments (100 mm within 150 mm, 150 mm) of the front end of the fixed rigid sleeve 11, and a horizontal outward side drill bit 3 is arranged at the opening by anchoring and fixing, the side drill bit 3 is in contact with the first bevel gear 4 on the transmission shaft 12 through the second bevel gear 5, so that when the transmission shaft 12 inside rotates, the second bevel gear 5 drives the side drill bit 3 to rotate at the same time, and the maximum diameter of the side drill bit is 25 mm, so as to realize the cutting in a specific direction.

[0068] In the vertical cutting slot direction, 19 rows of side drill bits 3 are designed at different depth positions (interval 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.8 m, …, 3.6 m, 4.0 m) of the drill rod 1.

[0069] The crushing result shows that the low-density emulsion explosive loading reduces the blasting vibration influence in the case of realizing effective three-dimensional crushing. Meanwhile, the cracking fissure basically expands along the cut joint, and the rock blasting size basically approaches 0.4 m, and the size control is consistent with the expected planning.

[0070] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the implementation and protection scope of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any equivalent replacement and obvious changes made according to the content of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1.A method of mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking based on a composite drill rod, characterized in that, three-dimensional directional breaking is performed using a mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking device based on a composite drill rod, the three-dimensional directional breaking device comprising: a drill rod including a sleeve and a transmission shaft arranged in the sleeve, a plurality of first bevel gears each fixed outside the transmission shaft and distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft, and a plurality of rows of lateral openings arranged outside the plurality of first bevel gears on the sleeve; a main drill bit arranged at the bottom of the transmission shaft; a plurality of rows of side drill bits distributed at intervals on the sleeve, each of the side drill bits passing through one of the lateral openings and engaging with the first bevel gears through second bevel gears; the side drill bits and the main drill bit are both conical; and the side drill bits are provided with helical cutters; wherein the transmission shaft is rotated to drive the main drill bit and the plurality of rows of side drill bits to rotate and form a blast hole with vertical cutting grooves to a certain depth, the sleeve is rotated to cause the plurality of rows of side drill bits to cut annular grooves in the horizontal direction, and the blast hole with vertical cutting grooves and the annular grooves jointly form a directional cutting groove hole; a horizontal cutting groove rotating table is detachably arranged on the top of the sleeve, the horizontal cutting groove rotating table is driven to rotate by a motor, and the thickness of the rock cut by the adjacent two rows of side drill bits is controlled by the distance between the adjacent two rows of side drill bits. The method comprises: arranging the three-dimensional directional breaking device; rotating the transmission shaft to drive the main drill bit and the plurality of rows of side drill bits to rotate and form a blast hole with vertical cutting grooves to a certain depth through the engagement of the first bevel gears and the second bevel gears, rotating the sleeve to cause the plurality of rows of side drill bits to cut annular grooves in the horizontal direction, and the blast hole with vertical cutting grooves and the annular grooves jointly forming a directional cutting groove hole, the vertical cutting groove and the horizontal cutting groove being the three-dimensional breaking direction. After the cutting groove hole is formed, a mixed explosive truck is used to configure low-density mixed explosives on site and mechanically and rapidly fill the entire volume of the cutting groove hole. Initiation, achieving the construction effect of mechanized three-dimensional directional breaking. 2.The method of claim 1, characterized in that: the on-site mixing of low-density mixed explosives is performed by a mixed explosive truck, and hollow plastic particles are added to the mixed gel explosive to reduce the density of the gel emulsion explosive, thereby reducing the influence range of the crushing zone in the near zone of the blast hole and the induced surrounding rock vibration. 3.The method of claim 1, characterized in that: the number and distribution of each row of side drill bits and the distribution of the plurality of three-dimensional directional breaking devices are set according to the block shape of the required rock. 4.The method of claim 3, characterized in that: when it is required to form a rock with a rectangular cross section, the plurality of three-dimensional directional breaking devices are arranged in a rectangular array, and each row of side drill bits is provided with four side drill bits arranged in a cross shape. 5.The method of claim 3, characterized in that: when more than 5 vertical cutting grooves are required, at least two rows of side drill bits are arranged staggered up and down.

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