A rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure and a fracturing construction process method

Abstract

The application discloses a rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure and a rock breaking construction process method, and has the beneficial effects that by dividing multiple slotting frame areas and arranging holes in the frame areas according to distance specifications, such as slotting holes, slot expanding holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes and auxiliary holes, different distances and angles of various holes can prevent mutual influence during rock breaking, one-time hole arrangement rock breaking effect is achieved, multiple hole arrangements are avoided, the height of a subsequent tunnel can be increased, the danger and inconvenience of top hole arrangement are avoided, different slotting holes, slot expanding holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes and auxiliary holes with different functions and sizes are arranged in different slotting frame areas, multiple hole arrangements are avoided, the number of hole arrangements is reduced, the disturbance frequency of surrounding rock is reduced, the tunnel contour is clear, and overbreak and underbreak are prevented.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of tunnel rock breaking and hole arrangement structure and cracking process, in particular to a tunnel rock breaking and hole arrangement structure of a rock breaking gas generator and a cracking construction process method. BACKGROUND

[0002] A tunnel is an engineering building embedded in a stratum, which is a form of human utilization of underground space;

[0003] At present, tunnels are mainly excavated by shield construction and explosive drilling and blasting methods. The former shield construction is high in cost, and is not economically suitable for short tunnels. At the same time, the shield construction is strictly required for tunnel linearity, and it is difficult to meet the adaptability of small curve turning tunnels, inconsistent cross-sectional area tunnels, and widened tunnel sections. The latter explosive drilling and blasting is strictly required for vibration control in complex environment sections, and the control requirements for harmful effects of blasting are becoming higher and higher, especially when the tunnel excavation construction is close to existing railways, highways, and other important facilities, rivers, and geological resource protection areas. The vibration control requirements are particularly harsh. At present, measures such as reducing drilling and blasting cycle footage, delaying hole initiation, controlling the amount of explosive, and reducing the maximum single section explosive amount are mainly used, but they cannot meet the requirements of high-quality, rapid, and safe construction of complex environment tunnels.

[0004] The existing technology also uses a rock breaking gas generator to break rocks, that is, high-pressure gas is generated when the rock breaking gas generator is fired. When the expansion pressure of the gas exceeds the tensile strength or shear strength of the rock, the rock expands and cracks, and the rock is mainly subjected to gas thrust work. Unlike explosive blasting, the stress wave does not act on the rock. The stress and strain peak of this high-pressure gas is smaller than that of the explosive stress wave, and the action time is long. Most of the energy can effectively work, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing vibration. With the rapid development of science and technology, the technology has also been improved. However, the existing technology needs to break rocks gradually from the center of the tunnel to the side of the tunnel. After the rock breaking at the center is completed, the hole arrangement is re-excavated around the center. The rock breaking is sequentially expanded outward until the tunnel contour is reached. The operation is complicated, which leads to slow construction progress. At the same time, with the increase in height, it is inconvenient to arrange holes subsequently, and it is also easy to cause construction danger. In addition, the existing technology requires multiple hole arrangements and cracking, which increases the number of disturbances of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, causing danger and inconvenience, and also easily causing unclear tunnel contour and overbreak or underbreak. SUMMARY

[0005] (I) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In order to overcome the prior art, the present application provides a rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure and a cracking construction process method, which solves the problem that the prior art needs to gradually break rock from the center of the tunnel to the side of the tunnel, re-excavate and arrange holes around the center after the rock breaking at the center is completed, and sequentially expand the rock breaking until the tunnel contour is reached, which is complicated and slow in construction progress, and with the increase in height, it is inconvenient for subsequent hole arrangement and prone to cause dangerous construction conditions.

[0007] Secondly, in order to solve the problem that the surrounding rock of the tunnel needs to be disturbed many times due to multiple hole arrangement and cracking, which causes danger and inconvenience, and also easily causes unclear tunnel contour and overbreak or underbreak.

[0008] (II) Technical scheme

[0009] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: the present application provides a rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure and a cracking construction process method, which includes a first zone, a second zone, a top zone, and a peripheral hole, wherein the first zone, the second zone, and the top zone are arranged on the tunnel face from bottom to top, and the first zone, the second zone, and the top zone are provided with peripheral holes away from the center.

[0010] The first zone is provided with a first zone first slotting hole, a first zone second slotting hole, a first zone slotting hole, a first zone auxiliary hole, and a first zone bottom hole, wherein the first zone bottom hole is uniformly arranged at the bottom of the first zone, the first zone first slotting hole, the first zone second slotting hole, the first zone slotting hole, and the first zone auxiliary hole are arranged on the same horizontal line, the first zone first slotting hole, the first zone second slotting hole, and the first zone slotting hole are sequentially arranged from the center of the first zone to the side of the first zone, and the first zone auxiliary hole is arranged between the first zone slotting hole and the peripheral hole.

[0011] The two-arch area is provided with a first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, a second level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, an expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, an auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, a first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, a second level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, an expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, and an auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area. The first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, and the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area are arranged on a horizontal line. The first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, and the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area are arranged on a horizontal line. The first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area is located above the first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area. The first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, and the expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area are sequentially arranged from the center of the two-arch area to the side of the two-arch area. The auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area is arranged between the expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area and the surrounding hole. The first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, and the expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area are sequentially arranged from the center of the two-arch area to the side of the two-arch area. The auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area is arranged between the expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area and the surrounding hole.

[0012] The top-arch area is provided with a top-arch area auxiliary undercut hole and a top-arch area auxiliary hole. The top-arch area auxiliary undercut holes are evenly arranged on a horizontal line adjacent to the side of the two-arch area. The top-arch area auxiliary hole is located above the top-arch area auxiliary undercut hole and is arranged below the tunnel dome. The top-arch area auxiliary hole is located on the side of the top-arch area center deviated from the surrounding hole.

[0013] Further, the auxiliary hole in the one-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, and the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area can be provided with more than one according to the site requirements.

[0014] Further, the surrounding hole is a hole with a smaller diameter than the first level undercut hole in the one-arch area. The first level undercut hole in the one-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the one-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the one-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the one-arch area, the bottom hole in the one-arch area, the first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the top-arch area auxiliary undercut hole, and the top-arch area auxiliary hole are all holes with the same size.

[0015] Further, the auxiliary hole in the one-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the top-arch area auxiliary undercut hole, and the top-arch area auxiliary hole are all vertical holes perpendicular to the working face. The first level undercut hole in the one-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the one-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the one-arch area, the bottom hole in the one-arch area, the first level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the expansion slot hole in the lower row of the two-arch area, the first level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, the second level undercut hole in the upper row of the two-arch area, and the expansion slot hole in the upper row of the two-arch area are all inclined holes inclined from the two sides of the tunnel to the center of the tunnel.

[0016] Further, the two-arch area is provided with more than one according to the influence of lithology surrounding rock grade, etc. The two-arch area is provided with one two-arch area when the height-width ratio exceeds 1.5, which is the best.

[0017] Further, the one-arch area first-stage slotting hole and the one-arch area second-stage slotting hole or the two-arch area lower row first-stage slotting hole and the two-arch area lower row second-stage slotting hole or the two-arch area upper row second-stage slotting hole and the two-arch area upper row slotting hole are all adopted small interval time delay fracturing, and the rest holes are adopted segmented large interval time fracturing.

[0018] Further, the following steps are included:

[0019] S1: tunnel excavation section cleaning, removing the floatstone on the tunnel excavation section to meet the requirements of drilling work;

[0020] S2: measurement and lofting, section hole arrangement, determining the tunnel excavation direction and range through measurement and lofting operation, arranging the position, depth and angle of the holes to be drilled on the tunnel excavation section, and preferably marking and explaining;

[0021] S3: drilling, hole inspection and hole cleaning, using the drill jumbo to drill, after the drilling is completed, checking and accepting the drilling quality, taking re-drilling, adjusting the charge amount and other measures according to the situation to process the unqualified drilling, ensuring the excavation effect, and cleaning the accepted drilling holes by blowing out the hole slag and dirt, and strictly prohibiting irrelevant personnel from approaching during the hole cleaning process to avoid causing personal injury;

[0022] S4: rock breaking gas generator filling, filling strictly according to the design under the command of the operation personnel;

[0023] S5: hole plugging, all holes are filled to the hole opening with cementing materials such as yellow mud, and plugging should prevent hole plugging while ensuring plugging density;

[0024] S6: delay time setting and network connection, adopting two-person operation mode, one person operating construction and one person supervising and checking to avoid missing scanning and missing connection;

[0025] S7: network detection and warning, after the connection is completed, detecting the entire network, after the detection is completed, clearing the tunnel site, arranging safety warning strictly according to the designed warning range, and all personnel and equipment are uniformly evacuated to the safe place;

[0026] S8: tunnel vibration monitoring, monitoring the vibration hazards according to the design of the sensor;

[0027] S9: ignition and post-ignition inspection, after all the preparation work is completed, igniting the rock breaking gas generator by the operation personnel, and after the tunnel is discharged of the smoke, inspecting the excavation section;

[0028] S10: data collection and effect analysis, arrange the collected vibration data, analyze the data and the tunneling effect, and adjust the parameters in time according to the change of the surrounding rock.

[0029] (Three) beneficial effects

[0030] One of the technical solutions in the above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0031] 1) To solve the problem that the prior art needs to gradually break the rock from the center of the tunnel to the side of the tunnel, re-excavate and arrange holes around the center after the rock breaking at the center is completed, and expand the rock outward in turn until the tunnel contour is reached, the operation is complicated, which leads to slow construction progress. At the same time, with the increase of height, it leads to the inconvenience of subsequent hole arrangement and also easily causes dangerous conditions of construction. By dividing multiple slotting frame areas and arranging holes such as slotting holes, slotting holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes, auxiliary holes, etc. in the frame area according to distance specifications, different distances and angles of each hole type can make the rock breaking not affect each other, realize the effect of one-time hole arrangement and rock breaking, avoid multiple hole arrangements, and can increase the construction efficiency while avoiding the danger and inconvenience of top hole arrangement when the height of the subsequent tunnel increases.

[0032] 2) To solve the problem that the prior art needs to be disturbed multiple times due to multiple hole arrangements and fracturing, which increases the number of times the surrounding rock of the tunnel needs to be disturbed, causing danger and inconvenience, and also easily causing the tunnel contour to be unclear and over-excavation or under-excavation. By arranging different slotting holes, slotting holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes, auxiliary holes with different functions and sizes in different slotting frame areas, multiple hole arrangements can be avoided, the number of hole arrangements can be reduced, the number of disturbances to the surrounding rock can be reduced, and the tunnel contour can be ensured to be clear and prevent over-excavation or under-excavation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 The structure of the rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure of the present application is shown in the structure diagram;

[0035] Figure 2 The construction process of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0036] In the figure: one section area-100, two section areas-110, top section area-120, peripheral holes-130, one section area first level undercutting hole-101, one section area second level undercutting hole-102, one section area slotting hole-103, one section area auxiliary hole-104, one section area bottom hole-105, two section areas lower row first level undercutting hole-111, two section areas lower row second level undercutting hole-112, two section areas lower row slotting hole-113, two section areas lower row auxiliary hole-114, two section areas upper row first level undercutting hole-115, two section areas upper row second level undercutting hole-116, two section areas upper row slotting hole-117, two section areas upper row auxiliary hole-118, top section area auxiliary undercutting hole-121, top section area auxiliary hole-122. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The application will be further described in detail below in connection with examples, but the embodiments of the application are not limited thereto.

[0038] The application provides a tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure of a rock breaking gas generator and a rock breaking construction process method. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the tunnel excavation section is sequentially divided into three sections from bottom to top, i.e. one section area 100, two section areas 110, and a top section area 120. The top section area 120 is arranged at the arch shoulder part of the tunnel face, the two section areas 110 are arranged on the lower side of the top section area 120, and the one section area 100 is arranged on the lower side of the two section areas 110.

[0039] The one section area first level undercutting hole 101, the one section area second level undercutting hole 102, the one section area slotting hole 103, the one section area auxiliary hole 104, and the bottom hole 105 are arranged on the one section area 100, the two section areas lower row first level undercutting hole 111, the two section areas lower row second level undercutting hole 112, the two section areas lower row slotting hole 113, the two section areas lower row auxiliary hole 114, the two section areas upper row first level undercutting hole 115, the two section areas upper row second level undercutting hole 116, the two section areas upper row slotting hole 117, and the two section areas upper row auxiliary hole 118 are arranged on the two section areas 110, the top section area auxiliary undercutting hole 121 and the top section area auxiliary hole 122 are arranged on the section 120, and the peripheral holes 130 are uniformly arranged on the contour line of the tunnel excavation section.

[0040] According to the tunnel construction requirements, the parameter data of each drilling hole is further constrained.

[0041] The drilling holes are all drilled by a drilling jumbo, the undercutting holes, the slotting holes, the auxiliary holes, and the bottom holes are all Φ100mm large-diameter drilling holes, and the peripheral holes are Φ45mm small-diameter drilling holes.

[0042] The length of the first-level slotting hole 101 in the first row is 380 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 60°; the depth of the second-level slotting hole 102 in the first row is 330 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 75°; the depth of the expansion slot hole 103 in the first row is 320 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 80°; the depth of the auxiliary hole 104 in the first row is 300 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 90°; the depth of the bottom hole 105 in the first row is 320 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 80°;

[0043] The length of the first-level slotting hole 111 in the lower row of the second row is 380 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 60°; the depth of the second-level slotting hole 112 in the lower row of the second row is 330 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 75°; the depth of the expansion slot hole 113 in the lower row of the second row is 320 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 80°; the depth of the auxiliary hole 114 in the lower row of the second row is 300 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 90°;

[0044] The length of the first-level slotting hole 115 in the upper row of the second row is 400 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 55°; the depth of the second-level slotting hole 116 in the upper row of the second row is 330 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 72°; the depth of the expansion slot hole 117 in the upper row of the second row is 320 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 85°; the depth of the auxiliary hole 118 in the upper row of the second row is 300 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 90°;

[0045] The length of the auxiliary slotting hole 121 in the top row is 300 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 90°; the depth of the auxiliary hole 122 in the top row is 300 cm, and the included angle with the tunnel face is 90°;

[0046] The longitudinal distance between the first-level slotting hole 101, the second-level slotting hole 102, the expansion slot hole 103, the auxiliary hole 104 and the bottom hole in the first row is 130 cm, and the longitudinal distance with the lower row of the second row is 130 cm; the horizontal distance of the first-level slotting hole 101 in the first row is 400 cm; the horizontal distance of the second-level slotting hole 102 and the first-level slotting hole 101 in the first row is 80 cm; the horizontal distance of the expansion slot hole 103 and the second-level slotting hole 102 in the first row is 110 cm; the horizontal distance of the auxiliary hole 104 and the expansion slot hole 103 in the first row is 110 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary holes 104 in the first row is 135 cm; the distance between the outermost auxiliary hole 104 in the first row and the surrounding hole 130 is 60 cm; the distance of the bottom hole 105 is 120 cm, and the longitudinal distance with the floor is 30 cm;

[0047] The vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 111 of the second row of the second section, the second-level undercutting hole 112 of the second row of the second section, the expansion hole 113 of the second row of the second section, the auxiliary hole 114 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 130 cm, the vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 111 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 120 cm, the horizontal distance between the first-level undercutting hole 111 of the second row of the second section and the second-level undercutting hole 112 of the second row of the second section is 80 cm, the horizontal distance between the second-level undercutting hole 112 of the second row of the second section and the expansion hole 113 of the second row of the second section is 110 cm, the horizontal distance between the expansion hole 113 of the second row of the second section and the auxiliary hole 114 of the second row of the second section is 90 cm, the horizontal distance between the auxiliary hole 114 of the second row of the second section and the auxiliary hole 114 of the second row of the second section is 125 cm, and the distance between the outermost auxiliary hole 114 of the second row of the second section and the peripheral hole 130 is 60 cm.

[0048] The vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section, the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section, the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section, the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 120 cm, the vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 110 cm, the horizontal distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section and the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section is 85 cm, the horizontal distance between the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section and the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section is 100 cm, the horizontal distance between the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section and the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section is 110 cm, and the distance between the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section and the peripheral hole 130 is 60 cm.

[0049] The vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section, the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section, the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section, the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 120 cm, the vertical distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section and the first-level undercutting hole of the first section is 110 cm, the horizontal distance between the first-level undercutting hole 115 of the second row of the second section and the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section is 85 cm, the horizontal distance between the second-level undercutting hole 116 of the second row of the second section and the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section is 100 cm, the horizontal distance between the expansion hole 117 of the second row of the second section and the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section is 110 cm, and the distance between the auxiliary hole 118 of the second row of the second section and the peripheral hole 130 is 60 cm.

[0050] The distance between the peripheral hole 130 is 55 cm; the distance between the bottom hole 105 and the bottom plate of the excavation section is 10 cm, and the distance between the peripheral hole 130 and the contour line of the excavation section is 10 cm.

[0051] The distance error of the large-diameter drill hole is 0-10 cm, and the distance error of the small-diameter drill hole is 0-5 cm.

[0052] By further constraining the data of each drill hole, the accuracy and footage rate of the tunnel surface can be effectively improved, the effective use of energy can be ensured, and the vibration hazard can be reduced.

[0053] In combination Figure 2The embodiment provides a rock breaking gas generator high-pressure gas tunnel rock breaking construction method, which comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1: tunnel excavation section cleaning, removing the floatstone of the tunnel excavation section so that the tunnel excavation section can meet the requirements of drilling work;

[0055] S2: measurement and lofting, section hole arrangement, determining the tunnel excavation direction and range through measurement and lofting work, arranging the position, depth and angle of the position needing drilling in the tunnel excavation section, and preferably marking and explaining;

[0056] S3: drilling, hole checking and hole cleaning, drilling using a rock drilling jumbo, after drilling, checking and accepting the drilling quality, according to the situation, taking re-drilling, adjusting the charge amount and other measures to process unqualified drilling, ensuring the excavation effect, and cleaning the accepted drilling, blowing out the slag and cuttings in the hole, and strictly preventing irrelevant personnel from approaching in the hole cleaning process to avoid personnel injury;

[0057] S4: rock breaking gas generator filling, under the command of the operation personnel, strictly filling according to the design, except for the small-diameter peripheral hole, other large-diameter holes are continuously filled with a rock breaking gas generator with a diameter of Φ75mm (specifications: diameter Φ75mm, length L750mm, mass m1.5kg), and the peripheral hole is filled with a rock breaking gas generator with a diameter of 32mm (specifications: diameter Φ32mm, length L500mm, mass m0.2kg);

[0058] S5: drilling plugging, all drilling is filled to the orifice with cementing materials such as yellow mud, plugging should prevent drilling from being blocked, and the plugging should be ensured to be dense;

[0059] S6: delay time setting and network connection, adopting a two-person operation mode, one person operating construction and one person supervising and checking to avoid missing scanning and missing connection;

[0060] S7: network detection and warning, after connection, detecting the whole network, after detection, clearing the tunnel site, arranging safety warning according to the designed warning range, and all personnel and equipment are uniformly evacuated to a safe place;

[0061] S8: tunnel vibration monitoring, monitoring the vibration hazards according to the design of the sensor;

[0062] S9: burning and post-burning inspection, after all the preparation work is completed, the rock breaking gas generator is ignited by the operation personnel, after the tunnel is discharged of smoke, the excavation section is inspected;

[0063] S10: data collection and effect analysis, arranging the collected vibration data, analyzing the data and the excavation effect, and timely adjusting the parameters according to the change of the surrounding rock.

[0064] The implementation: the overall arrangement of the holes adopts the form of the undercut hole, the slotting hole, the bottom hole and the peripheral hole, according to the height-width ratio of the tunnel, 1-2 undercut frame areas are arranged in the middle or upper part of the tunnel face, the peripheral holes are arranged along the contour line of the tunnel, the bottom holes are arranged on the bottom plate, and the slotting holes are uniformly distributed between the peripheral holes and the undercut holes in the tunnel face;

[0065] The undercut hole, the slotting hole and the bottom hole adopt large-diameter drilling (hole diameter Φ70-120mm), and the peripheral hole adopts small-diameter drilling (hole diameter Φ42-55mm), which adopts the hole arrangement drilling method of large holes with large intervals in the middle and small holes with small intervals in the periphery, realizes high operation efficiency and clear peripheral contour, and strictly controls overbreak and underbreak and vibration hazards; according to the tunnel construction excavation control requirements, the depth of one cycle footage can be controlled, generally 1-3.5 meters, to meet the excavation footage requirements of different surrounding rock structures;

[0066] Two-stage undercutting, the undercut holes of the first and second stages adopt small delay intervals, and the undercut holes, the slotting holes, the bottom holes and the peripheral holes are detonated in large interval time segments, that is, the undercut holes of the first and second stages are detonated in small interval time segments, and the different types of holes are detonated in large interval time segments, to increase safety;

[0067] Controlled construction process: 1. Tunnel excavation section cleaning; 2. Measurement and lofting, section hole arrangement; 3. Drilling, hole inspection and hole cleaning; 4. Rock breaking gas generator filling; 5. Drilling plugging, yellow mud filling or cementing material filling, requiring the filling length to be not less than 2 times the filling length of the rock breaking gas generator; 6. Millisecond micro-difference delay time setting and network detection; 7. Network detection and warning; 8. Tunnel vibration monitoring; 9. Burning and post-burning inspection; 10. Data collection and effect analysis;

[0068] The advantages of the above hole arrangement structure and construction process are: 1. It can meet the requirements of fast and safe tunneling; 2. Except for the small-diameter drilling of the peripheral holes, the undercut holes, the slotting holes and the bottom holes all adopt large-diameter drilling, which reduces the number of drilling holes per unit area of the operation surface and also reduces the number of filling holes, improves the construction efficiency with large holes and large intervals in the middle and small holes and small intervals in the periphery, and strictly controls overbreak and underbreak with clear peripheral contour after blasting; 3. The undercut holes of the first and second stages adopt small delay intervals, and the undercut holes, the slotting holes, the bottom holes and the peripheral holes are detonated in large interval time segments, which fully utilizes the characteristics of rock breaking gas generator to crack and throw rocks, has fewer segment numbers and reduces the disturbance frequency of surrounding rock; 4. For the tunnel section with large height-width ratio, one undercut area is added, that is, two undercut areas are arranged in the middle and upper part, which improves effective undercutting, improves drilling utilization rate and increases cycle footage; 5. It greatly reduces vibration hazards and meets the vibration control requirements of complex environment; 6. It is a non-detonator explosive traditional hazardous material construction operation in the whole process, which improves the intrinsic safety.

[0069] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0070] The control mode of the present application is controlled by manually starting and closing the switch, and the wiring diagram of the power element and the provision of the power supply are well known in the art, and the present application is mainly used to protect the mechanical device, so the control mode and the wiring arrangement of the present application will not be explained in detail.

[0071] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the claims involved.

[0072] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure cracking construction process method, comprising a first row, a second row, a top row, and a peripheral hole, wherein the first row, the second row, and the top row are arranged on a tunnel face from bottom to top, and the first row, the second row, and the top row are each provided with a peripheral hole away from the center; the first row is provided with a first row first slotting hole, a first row second slotting hole, a first row slotting hole, a first row auxiliary hole, and a first row bottom hole, wherein the first row bottom holes are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the first row, the first row first slotting hole, the first row second slotting hole, the first row slotting hole, and the first row auxiliary hole are arranged on the same horizontal line, the first row first slotting hole, the first row second slotting hole, and the first row slotting hole are sequentially arranged from the center of the first row to the side of the first row, and the first row auxiliary hole is arranged between the first row slotting hole and the peripheral hole; the second row is provided with a second row lower row first slotting hole, a second row lower row second slotting hole, a second row lower row slotting hole, a second row lower row auxiliary hole, a second row upper row first slotting hole, a second row upper row second slotting hole, a second row upper row slotting hole, and a second row upper row auxiliary hole, wherein the second row lower row first slotting hole, the second row lower row second slotting hole, the second row lower row slotting hole, and the second row lower row auxiliary hole are arranged on a horizontal line, the second row upper row first slotting hole, the second row upper row second slotting hole, the second row upper row slotting hole, and the second row upper row auxiliary hole are arranged on a horizontal line, the second row upper row first slotting hole is located above the second row lower row first slotting hole, the second row lower row first slotting hole, the second row lower row second slotting hole, and the second row lower row slotting hole are sequentially arranged from the center of the second row to the side of the second row, the second row lower row auxiliary hole is arranged between the second row lower row slotting hole and the peripheral hole, the second row upper row first slotting hole, the second row upper row second slotting hole, and the second row upper row slotting hole are sequentially arranged from the center of the second row to the side of the second row, and the second row upper row auxiliary hole is arranged between the second row upper row slotting hole and the peripheral hole; the top row is provided with a top row auxiliary slotting hole and a top row auxiliary hole, wherein the top row auxiliary slotting holes are evenly arranged on the same horizontal line adjacent to the side of the second row, the top row auxiliary hole is located above the top row auxiliary slotting hole, the top row auxiliary hole is arranged below the tunnel dome, and the top row auxiliary hole is located on the side of the top row center deviated from the peripheral hole; the first row first slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 60°, the first row second slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 75°, the first row slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 80°, the first row auxiliary hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 90°, and the first row bottom hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 80°; the second row lower row first slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 60°, the second row lower row second slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 75°, the second row lower row slotting hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 80°, and the second row lower row auxiliary hole and the tunnel face form an angle of 90°. characterized in that ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The angle between the first-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone and the working face is 55°; the angle between the second-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone and the working face is 72°; the angle between the slot hole in the upper row of the second zone and the working face is 85°; and the angle between the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the second zone and the working face is 90°. The angle between the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone and the working face is 90°; and the angle between the auxiliary hole in the top zone and the working face is 90°. The longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the first zone, the second-stage slotting hole in the first zone, the slot hole in the first zone, the auxiliary hole in the first zone and the bottom hole is 130 cm, and the longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the first zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the second zone is 130 cm; the horizontal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the first zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the first zone is 400 cm; the horizontal distance between the second-stage slotting hole in the first zone and the first-stage slotting hole in the first zone is 80 cm; the horizontal distance between the slot hole in the first zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the first zone is 110 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary hole in the first zone and the slot hole in the first zone is 110 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary holes in the first zone is 135 cm; the distance between the outermost auxiliary hole in the first zone and the peripheral hole is 60 cm; the distance between the bottom hole and the floor is 120 cm; and the longitudinal distance between the bottom hole and the floor is 30 cm. The longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone, the second-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone, the slot hole in the lower row of the second zone, the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the second zone and the slotting hole in the first zone is 130 cm; the longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone is 120 cm; the horizontal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone is 400 cm; the horizontal distance between the second-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone and the first-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone is 80 cm; the horizontal distance between the slot hole in the lower row of the second zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the lower row of the second zone is 110 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary hole in the lower row of the second zone and the slot hole in the lower row of the second zone is 90 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary holes in the lower row of the second zone is 125 cm; and the distance between the outermost auxiliary hole in the lower row of the second zone and the peripheral hole is 60 cm. The longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone, the second-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone, the slot hole in the upper row of the second zone, the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the second zone and the slot hole in the lower row of the second zone is 120 cm; the longitudinal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone and the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone is 110 cm; the horizontal distance between the first-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone is 500 cm; the horizontal distance between the second-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone and the first-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone is 85 cm; the horizontal distance between the slot hole in the upper row of the second zone and the second-stage slotting hole in the upper row of the second zone is 100 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the second zone and the slot hole in the upper row of the second zone is 110 cm; and the distance between the auxiliary hole in the upper row of the second zone and the peripheral hole is 60 cm. The longitudinal distance between the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone and the slot hole in the upper row of the second zone is 110 cm; the distance between the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone and the auxiliary hole in the top zone is 100-150 cm; the horizontal distance between the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone is 150 cm; the distance between the auxiliary hole in the top zone is 140 cm; and the distance between the auxiliary slotting hole in the top zone and the auxiliary hole in the top zone and the peripheral hole is 50 cm. The distance between the peripheral holes is 55 cm; the distance between the bottom hole and the floor of the excavation section is 10 cm; and the distance between the peripheral hole and the contour line of the excavation section is 10 cm.

2. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-arch auxiliary hole, the two-arch lower row auxiliary hole and the two-arch upper row auxiliary hole are each provided with more than one according to the field requirement.

3. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole arrangement structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peripheral hole is a hole with a diameter smaller than that of the one-arch first-stage slotting hole, the one-arch first-stage slotting hole, the one-arch second-stage slotting hole, the one-arch slotting hole, the one-arch bottom hole, the two-arch lower row first-stage slotting hole, the two-arch lower row second-stage slotting hole, the two-arch lower row slotting hole, the two-arch lower row auxiliary hole, the two-arch upper row first-stage slotting hole, the two-arch upper row second-stage slotting hole and the two-arch upper row slotting hole are all holes with consistent sizes.

4. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-arch auxiliary hole, the two-arch lower row auxiliary hole, the two-arch upper row auxiliary hole, the top-arch auxiliary slotting hole and the top-arch auxiliary hole are all vertical holes perpendicular to the tunnel face, and the one-arch first-stage slotting hole, the one-arch second-stage slotting hole, the one-arch slotting hole, the one-arch bottom hole, the two-arch lower row first-stage slotting hole, the two-arch lower row second-stage slotting hole, the two-arch lower row slotting hole, the two-arch upper row first-stage slotting hole, the two-arch upper row second-stage slotting hole and the two-arch upper row slotting hole are all inclined holes inclined towards the tunnel center on both sides of the tunnel.

5. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-arch zone is provided with more than one according to the influence of the lithology surrounding rock grade, and the two-arch zone is best provided with one when the height-width ratio of the tunnel exceeds 0.

75.

6. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-arch first-stage slotting hole and the one-arch second-stage slotting hole or the two-arch lower row first-stage slotting hole and the two-arch lower row second-stage slotting hole or the two-arch upper row second-stage slotting hole and the two-arch upper row slotting hole are all adopted for small-interval delayed fracturing, and the rest of the holes are adopted for segmented large-interval time fracturing.

7. The rock breaking gas generator tunnel rock breaking hole structure cracking construction process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: tunnel excavation section cleaning, removing the floatstone on the tunnel excavation section to meet the requirements of drilling work; S2: measurement and lofting, section hole arrangement, determining the tunnel excavation direction and range through measurement and lofting operation, arranging the position, depth and angle of the holes needed to be drilled on the tunnel excavation section, and marking and explaining; S3: drilling, hole inspection and hole cleaning, using the drill jumbo to drill, after the drilling is completed, checking and accepting the drilling quality, taking re-drilling, adjusting the charge amount and other measures to deal with the unqualified drilling according to the situation to ensure the excavation effect, and cleaning the accepted drilling holes by blowing out the slag and dirt in the holes, and strictly preventing irrelevant personnel from approaching during the hole cleaning process to avoid causing personal injury; S4: rock breaking gas generator filling, filling strictly according to the design under the command of the operator; S5: hole plugging, all holes are filled to the hole mouth with yellow mud cementing material, and plugging should prevent hole plugging and ensure the plugging density; S6: delay time setting and network connection, adopting double operation mode, one person operating construction and the other supervising and checking to avoid missing scanning and connection; S7: network detection and warning, after the connection is completed, detecting the whole network, after the detection is completed, clearing the tunnel site, arranging the safety warning strictly according to the designed warning range, and all personnel and equipment are uniformly evacuated to the safe place; S8: tunnel vibration monitoring, monitoring the vibration hazards by arranging sensors according to the design. S9: Burning and post-burning inspection, after all the preparations are completed, the operation personnel burns the rock breaking gas generator, waits for the tunnel to be cleared of smoke, and then inspects the excavation section; S10: Data collection and effect analysis, organize the collected vibration data, analyze the data and tunneling effect, and adjust the parameters in time according to the changes of surrounding rock conditions.

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